Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple crop whose productivity is strongly influenced by climatic factors, soil characteristics, and water availability. This study presents a comparative bibliographic analysis of maize cultivation under low-precipitation conditions on the Peruvian coast and in Eastern Romania. Both regions experience water scarcity, but their climatic and edaphic conditions differ significantly: the Peruvian coast exhibits an arid climate with minimal rainfall (generally below 100 mm per year) and high evapotranspiration, while Eastern Romania has a continental climate with seasonal droughts, irregular precipitation distribution (400 600 mm/year), and significant temperature variations during the growing season. This review analyzes the impact of precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, soil texture and water-holding capacity, water resource distribution, as well as germination time, duration of the phenological cycle, and potential maize yield in both contexts. Additionally, economic and cultural factors are considered, including water availability for irrigation, associated costs, and the influence of traditional agricultural practices on crop efficiency. The findings highlight the critical role of water management strategies, selection of drought-tolerant varieties, crop rotation, and soil conservation techniques as key elements to ensure maize resilience under changing climatic conditions. Recommendations for sustainable adaptation are provided, including optimized irrigation, improved soil fertility, efficient water distribution, and adoption of agroecological technologies, applicable to both regions, with the aim of sustaining productivity and reducing vulnerability to drought and climate change.

Maize cultivation, climate variability, soil conditions, water use efficiency, drought adaptation, comparative study, sustainable agriculture, agroclimatic analysis

agronomy

Presentation: poster