Liberalism is not strictly right-wing or left-wing, because it has evolved into different forms across history and political systems. Classical liberalism, developed in the 17th and 18th centuries by thinkers such as John Locke, emphasizes individual liberty, private property, limited government, and free markets. In modern political terms, this version of liberalism is often associated with the right or with center-right economic policies, since it supports capitalism and minimal state intervention. However, modern or social liberalism takes a different approach. It still values individual freedoms, but it also accepts that the state should play a role in reducing inequality and ensuring access to education, healthcare, and social protection. This form of liberalism is often associated with the political center or center-left, especially in European contexts. In countries like the United States, the term “liberal” is commonly linked to progressive or left-leaning politics. In contrast, in much of Europe, liberal parties may be economically liberal but socially moderate or centrist. Because of these differences, liberalism cannot be placed neatly on a single point of the political spectrum. Instead, it is a broad tradition that adapts to different historical and cultural contexts, balancing freedom, equality, and the role of government in varying ways.

political philosophy, political economy, history of ideas

agronomy

Presentation: poster