This study provides an integrated analysis of the geological, climatic, and hydrological conditions in the Geoagiu area (Hunedoara County, Romania), highlighting their role in soil formation and the distribution of forest vegetation. The study area is characterized by a complex geographical setting, located at the intersection of the Western Carpathians, the Transylvanian Depression, and the Southern Carpathians, which results in a high diversity of natural conditions. From a geological perspective, the lithological substrate is highly diverse, including volcanic, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, as well as alluvial deposits, leading to significant variations in soil properties. The climate is temperate continental, with an average annual temperature of approximately 10.1°C and average annual precipitation of about 578 mm (Deva meteorological station), characterized by pronounced seasonal variability. The hydrological regime is influenced by the Mureș River basin and a dense hydrographic network, with a nival–pluvial and percolative regime. The analysis indicates that Cambisols are the dominant soil type (approximately 79%), followed by Luvisols and other soil types in smaller proportions. Pedogenetic relationships reveal a direct correlation between parent material, climatic conditions, and vegetation types: basic substrates favor the development of fertile soils and productive forest stands, whereas acidic rocks lead to less fertile soils and lower vegetation productivity. The results emphasize the importance of the interaction between natural factors in shaping forest ecosystems and highlight the need for sustainable management practices to preserve soil resources and maintain ecological stability in the studied area.

soil formation; lithology; climate variability; hydrological regime; forest ecosystems; pedogenesis

agronomy

Presentation: poster