Vol 57, No 1 (2025)
BROMUS SECALINUS L. (RYE BROME) – AN UNWANTED WEED IN THE WINTER WHEAT CROPS pag. 3-12
Denisa Maria AIOANEI1, Anișoara Aurelia IENCIU1, D. N. MANEA1The species Bromus secalinus L. (rye broom) is a dangerous, hibernating annual grass weed that infests rye (Secale cereale), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other cereal crops. The present study aims to identify chemical variants for controlling the species Bromus secalinus L. in winter wheat crops, by using a diversified range of post-emergent herbicides, approved for this crop. Research on the chemical control of the species Bromus secalinus (rye broom) was carried out during 2022 and 2023, in an experimental field located in the locality of Peciu Nou, Timiş County. The variants (5 + 1 untreated control variant), each in 4 repetitions, were represented by 5 herbicides approved in Romania for the control of monocotyledonous weeds in wheat crops, at the time of the research. The experimental variants were the following: V1 - control (non-herbicide); V2-Atlantis Flex WG (mesosulfuron-methyl 45 g/kg + propoxycarbazone - sodium 67.5 g/kg + mefenpyr-diethyl (safener) 90 g/kg) - 0.3 kg/ha; V3-Axial One EC (pinoxaden 45 g/l + florasulam 5 g/l + cloquintocet-mexil 11.25 g/l) - 1 l/ha; V4-Herbos 110 EC (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 110 g/l) - 0.7 l/ha; V5-Hussar Activ Plus OD (iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 10 g/l + 2.4 D (2-ethylhexyl ester) 300 g/l + thiencarbazone-methyl 7.5 g/l, mefenpyr diethyl (safener) 30 g/l) - 1 l/ha; V6-Senior (piroxsulam 7.5 % + cloquintocet-methyl (adjuvant) 7.5 %) 250 g/ha + 1 l/ha Dasoil (adjuvant) – 0.25 kg/ha. We detected 15 segetal species in the field, of which, the species addressed in the study - Bromus secalinus L. (popularly called rye brome), had a share of 24.3 % (i.e. 33.8 plants/m2). The Senior herbicide (piroxsulam 7.5% + cloquintocet-methyl (adjuvant) 7.5%) 250 g/ha + 1 l/ha Dasoil), at a dose of 0.25 kg/ha, almost completely controlled grass weeds, including Bromus secalinus (98.1%), but also the other weeds present (85.9%). The maximum production (6628 kg/ha) was also obtained in this variant.
more abstractrye brome, weeds, herbicides, winter wheat crops
Presentation: poster
DownloadTILLAGE AND NITROGEN RATE EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN YIELDS IN THE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FROM DANUBE MEADOW pag. 13-25
Albert AVARVAREI, Maria TOADER, Viorel IONSoybean is a plant with multiple uses both for food and feed purposes and in industry. This is due to the chemical composition, the richness in lipids and proteins, but also from an agronomic point of view, for nitrogen natural fixation and improving soil fertility. This paper presents the results obtained in 2023 and 2024 in a soybean crop on productivity elements and seed production, under fertilization conditions with different nitrogen rates (N0, N60, N90, N120) and under conventional tillage and minimum tillage conditions (5 variants). The results are presented from the point of view of the singular and combined effect on both the influence of soil tillage and nitrogen doses on production components, productivity, and proteins and lipids contents. For 2023, productions under the influence of deep tillage were noted, with productions over 4900 kg/ha and doses of N120 nitrogen. For 2024, under conditions of a dry year and high average temperature over 24oC during the summer, minimum tillage works were highlighted, respectively Gruber 15 cm and Disc 15 cm, with productions of 1954-2645 kg/ha. The high lipids and protein content was confirmed regardless of the soil tillage method, ranging between 17-20%, and as the nitrogen dose increased, the lipid and protein content also increased, oscillated between 35.23 (N0) – 37.95 (N120).
more abstractgrains yields, nitrogen rate, productivity elements, soil tillage, soybean.
Presentation: poster
DownloadSEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF RNA VIRUSES ON FIELD-GROWN ONION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA. pag. 26-36
Alice CHORI BEGE 1&2*, Boniface DAVID KASHINA 1. Ohaba JAMES OHABA1, Otilia COTUNA 2, Laura SMULEAC 2, Raul PASCALAU2 , Lonel SAMFIRA2, Peter ABRAHAM3, Dauda NATHANIEL4Onion (Allium cepa) is commonly known as “Queen of the kitchen” due to its high valued flavour, aroma and medicinal properties. Viruses are significant causal agents of plant diseases, leading to severe reduction in size and yields in onions. RNA viruses such as Tospoviruses, Allexiviruses Orthotospovirus and Carlaviruses affects global agriculture sustainability. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) is an important potyvirus that infect onions leading to 60% economic loss. A survey was initiated to determine the field disease incidence of OYDV using visual symptoms and serologically determine the occurrence of the virus using DAS-ELISA in four leading onion producing States in Nigeria. A total of 540 onion leaf samples were collected from 36 fields in 3 LGAs each of Kaduna, Kano, Zamfara and Kebbi. Assesses disease symptoms of irregular yellow stripping symptom was 29%, while chlorotic flattened leaves with downward curling was 16.3% on sampled onion plants. Kebbi state had the highest cumulative symptom incidence of 39.3% on infected onion fields, followed by Zamfara (35.86%) which was at par with kano (35.23) and the least was Kaduna (25.31%). Among the 12 LGAs surveyed, Jega LGA had the highest observed disease incidence of 13% followed by Shinkafi 11% whereas Sabon Gari had the least value 7%. DAS-ELISA, showed the presence of OYDV in Zamfara with 4% and Kebbi 7% disease incidence respectively. However, the virus is absent, Kaduna and Kano, as such it is safe to conclude that the symptoms noticed could be said to be those of other disease(s) that show varying degree of similarities or due to other factors. OYDV could be threatening if not managed appropriately. Farmers need to be enlightened on this disease and management strategies such as pest control and other measures to ensure the disease remains below the threshold level avoid higher level of occurrence.
more abstractDAS-ELISA, Onions, OYDV, RNA virus, Serological detection.
Presentation: oral presentation
DownloadSOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN BAIA MARE POLLUTED SITES pag. 37-45
Loredana, CRIȘAN1, Anca PLEȘA2, V. STOIAN1, Roxana VIDICAN1The aim of this study is to assess the base level of soil pollution in five sites from an urban area affected by interference between natural and anthropogenic sources. The analysis of chemical characteristics of soil, such as pH, humus and heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn), was performed to identify the contaminated sites and to explore the potential the need for a remediation process. Sampling design was performed for collecting accurate data in assessment of soil quality and heavy metal contamination. Within the five analyzed sites, Craica showed moderate to extreme acid reaction of soil, with a pH that reached 4.19 in soil depth. The recorded percentage of humus varied greatly between sites, with the maximum recorded in Craica site and 2.12 at the Romplumb site. Lead was identified in the range 114-418 in four of the five sites analyzed, while copper was dominant in the fifth site, with more than 120 mg/kg. Zn was found in higher quantities in the depth of soil, in four of the five analyzed sites, which indicates a historical contamination and deposition of this element. Heavy metals were found in all the five sites analyzed, with different combinations of soil pollution, which indicates the need for bioremediation and the extraction of pollutants from soil.
more abstractsoil pollution, heavy metals, bioremediation requirement, site assessment
Presentation: poster
DownloadECOLOGICAL EDUCATION AT THE CROSSROADS BETWEEN THE LIFE SCIENCES, ESP AND THE HUMANITIES pag. 46-51
Alina Dragoescu-Petrica, Ioana Alexandra Ibric, Marius Robert Lungu, Alina Marghitan, Viorica BoacăGiven the new plethora of challenges that young learners are facing, both culturally, health-wise, and on a personal identity/sanity level, the paper makes some major points on possible solutions coming from the academic humanities, with a focus on the need for meaning, communication, and self-expression. We have identified some of the most pressing of these challenges by analysing the students’ portfolios, including project work, and personal reflections handed in during the academic year 2024-2025, and drawing some tentative conclusions: limited attention-span, impaired sense of self-identification and self-development, overwhelming sense of loss as a result of information overload, fake-everything menace, copied/plagiarised reports/project work made by generative AI, trust collapse, reality distortion, and automated feedback which has almost entirely replaced organic biofeedback. In previous research, we have focused more on learning content and materials specifically targeting ESP (English for Specific Purposes and English for the Life Sciences). In the present study, we are compelled by the urgent necessity to address more general cultural aspects which also fall within the scope of the humanities. From the point of view of bio- and ecosemiotics, these issues may best be targeted through language-developing and communicative methodologies such as those made available in the English learning environment.
more abstractESP, Ecological Education, eco-literacy, language learning, sustainable communication.
Presentation: poster
DownloadPOPULUS ALBA: A KEY SPECIES IN THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM ESTABLISHED IN CÂRCEA, DOLJ COUNTY pag. 52-59
Enescu Cristian MihaiAgroforestry systems play a vital role in mitigating climate change impacts, especially in vulnerable regions like southeastern Romania, where drought significantly challenges young forest stands. In 2023, twenty 24m x 24m plots were established in HortiNova Nursery, located in Cârcea, near Craiova, Dolj County, combining forest species and agricultural crops. In two of these plots the combination between white poplar (Populus alba L.) and strawberry was introduced. This study aimed to assess the survival rate of the planted white poplar seedlings and their growth in heigh and collar diameter in the first year after planting. Additionally, climatic data (temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) were collected using six HoBo sensors (Onset Computer Corporation) and one iMETOS 3.3 data logger. Soil analyses were conducted by the Dolj Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies. Out of the 144 white poplar seedlings, only 3 failed to survive, resulting in a survival rate of 97.9%. The shortest young tree measured 1.42 m, whereas the tallest one reached 3.34 m. The smallest collar diameter was 0.72 cm, while the largest was 6.12 cm. These findings indicate that the young white poplar trees exhibited strong growth and adaptability, contributing to their success in an environment with poor soil quality and minimal rainfall. In the face of rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall, white poplar remains a viable option for establishing both traditional forestry cultures and innovative agroforestry systems, especially in regions with poor forest land, such as Dolj County.
more abstractagroforestry, diameter, growth, Populus, survival rate, white poplar
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE EVOLUTION OF CEREAL CROPS IN IAȘI COUNTY WITHIN THE REGIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXT (2019-2023) pag. 60-69
Firtala GabrielThis article analyzes the evolution of cereal crops in Iași County during the period 2019–2023, within both regional and national contexts. Using official statistical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, the research offers a detailed perspective on the dynamics of cultivated areas and the productivity of cereal crops such as rye, wheat, barley, two row barley, oats, corn, and sorghum. The choice of Iași County is justified by its location in the Jijia Plain, a region with high agricultural potential due to favorable soil and climatic conditions. Additionally, Iași County's selection is also based on its significant role within the regional agricultural economy. The agricultural landscape of the county is further shaped by the integration of innovative practices and compliance with European Union standards. Despite these advantages, challenges such as land fragmentation and the low economic performance of many agricultural holdings persist. The study examines key trends in cereal production, focusing on factors such as climatic conditions, agricultural policies, technological advancements, and market demands. The results provide an overview of Iași County’s contribution to national agriculture. The conclusions highlight the importance of adapting to the current agricultural context to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the cereal sector in Iași County.
more abstractcereals, Iasi county, agricultural productivity, regional context, national context
Presentation: poster
DownloadANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THUJA OCCIDENTALIS LEAVES pag. 70-78
Doris FLOARES (OARGA), Diana OBISTIOIU, Anca HULEA, Iuliana POPESCU, Isidora RADULOVMedicinal plants contain bioactive natural compounds that demonstrate considerable therapeutic potential. Their significance arises from the variety of bioactive molecules they possess, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, tocopherols, and vitamins, all of which positively impact health. There is growing interest in these bioactive compounds, particularly their antioxidant properties and beneficial effects on chronic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) originated in Eastern North America and is grown in Europe and Brazil as an ornamental tree, commonly referred to as the “tree of life” or “white cedar.” This study assesses the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of three Thuja occidentalis leaf varieties. We measured total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and IC50. Furthermore, we analysed how using fresh versus dried plant material for extract preparation affects the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity. Our findings revealed that TPC ranged from 5.15 to 13.73 mg GAE/g for fresh leaves and 11.12 to 17.52 mg GAE/g for dried leaves. TFC varied between 3.06 and 11.23 mg QUE/g for fresh leaves and 5.73 to 14.52 mg QUE/g for dried leaves. The DPPH radical scavenging activity spanned from 39.12% to 57.33% for fresh material compared to 30.21% to 57.69% for dried material. These results suggest that drying the plant affects the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity.
more abstractCupressaceae, total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH scavenging, IC50
Presentation: poster
DownloadASPECTS IN PATHOGENETIC FEAUTERS OF SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM (LIB.) DE BARY TO FORSYTHIA SP. pag. 79-84
Andreea-Mihaela FLOREA, Andrei-Mihai GAFENCU, Florin-Daniel LIPȘA, Iulian GABUR, Eugen ULEASclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1884) is a fungal pathogen that causes substantial losses to a wide range of hosts worldwide. In Romania, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is known for causing significant damage to plants in field crops and forced crops in greenhouses, warehouses, and silos. Since less are known about the epidemiology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in ornamental plants grown in natural landscapes the aim of this paper focuses on the pathogenetic characteristics of the fungus on woody ornamental plants as Forsythia sp. The Forsythia genus is a group of plants in the olive family (Oleaceae) with around 11 species that are primarily native to eastern Asia, with one species from Europe. In Roma-nia, Forsythia spp. Vahl is a perennial plant, appreciated and well known only as an ornamental plant named "golden-bells". This article describes the morphological characteristics and genetic investigation using PCR and Sanger sequencing of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection on ornamental plants of Forsythia × intermedia Zab. (F. suspensa × F. viridissima) tissue. Genomic DNA was amplified using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region-specific primers, and samples were analyzed using sequencing techniques. Constant monitoring and insights record of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum across multiple hosts and time intervals can reduce potential spread and future economic losses in cultivated species.
more abstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum, morphology , molecular data, new hosts.
Presentation: poster
DownloadCOMPARISON OF SOIL MICROBIOTA IN WHEAT AND BARLEY CROPS pag. 85-93
Andrei Mihai GAFENCU, Andreea Mihaela FLOREA, Florin Daniel LIPȘA, Eugen ULEAAgriculture represents a complex interface between plants and their associated microorganisms. In contemporary agriculture, special attention is given to environmentally friendly approaches, particularly in developing countries, to improve system sustainability while minimizing negative effects on the quality and quantity of production. Modern agricultural practices, such as extensive plowing, the use of harmful agrochemicals, and monoculture, have been shown to influence soil microbial community structure and sustainability. The diversity of microorganisms associated with plant roots is immense, numbering in the tens of thousands of species. This highly complex microbial community associated with plants is known as the plant’s second genome, playing a crucial role in plant growth, development, and health. This study investigated differences in the abundance, composition, and diversity of microbial communities throughout the growing season in soils collected from fields cultivated with winter wheat and winter barley in the northeastern region of Moldova. The aim of this study was to (i) analyze the seasonal dynamics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of winter wheat and winter barley and (ii) examine the structural changes occurring within microbial communities during the growing season. The obtained data show minor variations in the total number of bacteria and fungal colonies for wheat and barley during the growing season. Gram-negative bacteria are dominant, and among fungi, Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. are the most common. Barley exhibited a slightly higher microbial diversity compared to wheat.
more abstractsoil microbiota, soil microbial diversity, winter wheat microbiota, barley microbiota
Presentation: poster
DownloadREACTION OF CORN HYBRIDS TO BIOSTIMULATOR APPLICATION pag. 94-103
Rumyana GEORGIEVACorn is a cereal crop with undeniable productive potential. Its great adaptability, as well as the presence of hybrids with different durations of the growing season, determine its wide distribution. Ensuring stable yields in a dynamically changing climate is proving to be a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. The current study aims to establish whether treatment with plant stimulators can help the crop to improve corn performance under drought conditions. The experiment was arranged according to the randomized complete block method in three replications and a plot size of 25 m2. Three corn hybrids were included in the trial: DKC4949 (FAO 390), P8523 (FAO 260), and P9537 (FAO 390). The plant biostimulator Biostart was applied as a seed treatment and the product Naturamin WSP was applied twice during the vegetation period. The following parameters have been estimated: grain yield (GY); mass of grain per cob (MGC); cob weight (CW); cob length (CL); test weight (TW); 1000 grains weight (TGW) and crude protein (CP). The results showed that treatment with plant stimulants increased productivity in individual hybrids between 5% and 14%, with the highest yields realized by hybrid P8523 after Naturamine WSP application. The least pronounced is the effect of the application of Biostart in a hybrid P9537
more abstractbiostimulators, corn, hybrids, productivity
Presentation: poster
DownloadAGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE OF OIL-BEARING ROSE UNDER ORGANIC FERTILIZATION pag. 104-112
Rumyana GEORGIEVAScientists today are focusing on new agricultural practices to enhance the yield and quality of medicinal plants. The products derived from these plants are valuable raw materials for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and ensuring their organic origin is a top priority. The use of organic farming practices corresponds to the objectives of the Green Deal and helps to provoke the natural fertility of the soil. In a dynamically changing climate, proper and appropriate fertilisation contributes to the better adaptation and development of crops. This study aims to examine whether different organic fertilizers affect the productivity and quality of essential oil in Damask rose. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications for three years. The following organic fertilizers were utilized: dried poultry manure, Polynamatura NP, OrgaNexport N:P 10:8, and vermicompost, each applied at their respective doses. Results showed that fertilization with these organic products significantly increased the productive potential and the quality of oil-bearing roses. Among the fertilizers, bone meal had the most positive impact on productivity and essential oil yield. The highest essential oil quality was obtained from the variants treated with bone meal and vermicompost, and they could be recommended for sustainable rose production.
more abstractDamasc rose, essential oil, organic fertilizer, productivity
Presentation: poster
DownloadCAUCASOTACHEA VINDOBONENSIS - AN INCREASINGLY PRESENT SNAIL IN MIXED GARDENS pag. 113-118
Ioana GROZEA, Monica BUTNARIU, Snejana DAMIANOV, Adrian GROZEA, Levente MOLNAR, Ana Maria VIRTEIUIn mixed gardens in Western Romania, the Austrian snail (Caucasotachea vindobonensis) is increasingly present. It is less known as a pest, rather it has a neutral role. However, little information is not precise regarding its preference for food, that is, with decomposing plant debris. That is why we proposed to see what the current situation is and clarify some aspects of abundance especially in mixed gardens, where it was frequently observed and also try to make a feeding association with certain living plants. Thus, in the period 2020-2023 we analyzed the abundance of snails in 3 mixed gardens (vegetables, ornamental shrubs and lawn) under frequent irrigation systems, medium irrigation and non-irrigated. As a result, we observed and its abundant presence (over 3 individuals/m2 or a shrub) in spring and autumn when had a more active feeding period. Among the plant species (5 vegetable species, 4 shrubs, 1 lawn), lettuce was preferred as a feeding in spring and Japanese quince as a hiding place on hot summer days. Among the 3 irrigation systems, most snails were present in the garden with medium irrigation. The covering of the leaves and stems with the specific mucus is questionable, we consider that it indirectly affects the good functionality of the plant. As a conclusion, although the species does not seem to be a real danger for the agro-horticultural sector, increased attention must be paid in future, a large population may lead to adaptability to a new feeding style.
more abstractAustrian snail, abundance, gardens, pest role
Presentation: poster
DownloadFEATURES OF THE JOURNALISTIC / MEDIA / PRESS DISCOURSE IN AGRICULTURE pag. 119-124
Iasmina IOSIM, Anka PASCARIU, Diana MARIN , Cosmin SĂLĂȘAN , Andreea DRĂGOESCU, Carmen DUMITRESCUThis paper presents the features of the journalistic / media / press discourse according to English, French and Romanian experts in discourse theory. The authors provide the definition of the term and the two main types of journalistic discourse (interview and reportage), identify what a journalistic discourse can do: act on, assign, be, build, define, ensure, have, include, level, turn, or use, and point to both positive and negative functions of this type of discourse. Journalistic discourse (“a communicative act of particular linguistic phenomenon that requires some special norms and reflects on social, cultural, political, ideological aspects” – Chaal, 2019, 19) has become, since the 1970s, an object of study for political science (“the branch of knowledge that deals with the state and systems of government; the scientific analysis of political activity and behaviour” – English Oxford Living Dictionaries), sociology (“the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society; the study of social problems” – idem), and sociopolitics (“the ways in which politics and relations of power are constituted through an authoritative discourse on the social.” – Ssorin-Chaikov, 2015) (Krieg, 2000, 75). It consists in any discourse that appears in audio, audio-video, and written media, and has two major forms – the interview and the reportage.
more abstractjournalistic discourse, interview, reportage, features
Presentation: poster
DownloadCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF GRAIN MAIZE HYBRIDS IN THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN DOBRUJA pag. 125-131
Hristofor KIRCHEVMaize (Zea mays L.) is an agricultural cereal crop grown mainly for grain, green fodder, and silage. The annual stable yields of maize grain depend both on the specific meteorological conditions during the respective economic year and on the used agronomy practices for growing the crop. The experiment has been carried out through the period 2017 - 2019 in the region of Dobruja, Bulgaria. The field trials have been conducted in the block method in four replications with the size of the experimental plot - 25 m2. The tested corn hybrids belong to 3 maturity groups, according to FAO classification – early, mid-early and mid-late. The experimental fields are located in various regions of the Dobruja region, to cover more soil and climate diversity. Grain yields were averaged over 4 replications, with the values equated to standard moisture of 14% and grain moisture at harvest. The average yields of maize grain obtained in Dobruja are lower than the national average. Divided into maturity groups, the PR38D89 hybrid is the most productive of the early ones, the PR37N01 hybrid the mid-early and the PR35F38 mid-late. Grain moisture shows a strong upward trend from early to mid-late hybrids, with a positive correlation between productivity and grain moisture.
more abstractmaize, grain yields, grain moisture, Dobruja
Presentation: poster
DownloadA BRIEF RЕVIEW OF TRITICALE (Х TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK) IN THE WORLD AND IN BULGARIA (OVERVIEW) pag. 132-141
Hristofor KIRCHEVOver the last 20 years, triticale areas in the world have been growing. On average, over 20 years, the area with triticale in the world is 3.4 million hectares. Most (83%) of triticale areas in the world are registered in Europe. The world leader in production areas with triticale is Poland. Second is Belarus, and third is Germany. Most of the arable land occupies triticale in Poland (12,988%), followed by Belarus (8,789%) and Luxembourg (7,434%). The beginning of the second decade of the 21st century marks a steady growth of the triticale areas in Bulgaria. The absolute maximum of the triticale areas in Bulgaria is registered in 2014 - 18907 ha. An average of 25 years triticale occupies 0.263% of the country's arable land area. The average yield of triticale grain in the world is 3,635 t/ha, with Europe's grain yield of triticale being higher by an average of 8% compared to the world average. The highest average yields in recent years are recorded in Chile (6,066 t/ha) and Germany (6,052 t/ha). The lowest average annual yields of triticale are over 1 t/ha obtained in Portugal, Kyrgyzstan, China, Tunisia and Australia. The average yields of triticale grain in Bulgaria are variable, especially during the first years since official statistics on culture. Since the beginning of the 21st century the average annual yields stabilized between 2,453 t/ha and 3,193 t/ha. The grain yield is positive, indicating that there is a proven increase in average yields for triticale grain.
more abstracttriticale, review, area, yields
Presentation: poster
DownloadCHANGE IN ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD, CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.) VARIETIES, CULTIVATED FOR SEEDS pag. 142-150
Svetlana ManhartCoriander essential oil is widely utilized in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its diverse applications. Extracted by steam distillation from dried Coriandrum sativum seeds, the clear or pale yellow oil has a distinctive, sweet, warm, and aromatic fragrance. In a three-year study, a field experiment was conducted in the land of the village of Voyvodinovo, where five coriander varieties (Yantar, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoploden, Thüringen, and Marino) were tested for essential oil yield, essential oil content and chemical composition. Over 46 components were identified in coriander essential oil, representing 98.5% to 99.7% of the total composition. The oil contained a diverse array of compounds, including monoterpenoids, aldehydes, alcohols, and monoterpenes. The β-Linalool was the dominant component, with concentrations ranging from 60.3% to 71.4% across the tested cultivars. The Moroccan variety had the highest average linalool content (67.17%), while the Thüringen variety exhibited the lowest (65.73%). Geranyl acetate varied from 0.975% to 4.68%, α-pinene from 4.03% to 5.70%, and γ-terpinene from 5.81% to 8.42%. The fatty acid profile was analyzed, revealing the presence of myristic acid and palmitic acid. The Yantar variety exhibited the highest palmitic acid content (1.76%), followed by the Thüringen variety (0.89%), while the Mesten Drebnoploden variety had the lowest. myristic acid levels ranged from 0.09% to 0.43% on average. The essential oil content of the tested coriander cultivars ranged from 0.20% to 0.74%. Among them, the Yantar cultivar exhibited the highest average oil content -0.62%. The greatest essential oil yield for the period 2020-2021 was recorded in the cultivar Mesten Drebnoploden -11.4 kg/ha, whereas the lowest yield was observed in the Marino variety -5.6 kg/ha. These findings underscore the variability in coriander essential oil and composition, indicating the relevance of choosing the right cultivar in enhancing essential oil production in Bulgaria.
more abstractcoriander, essential oil yield, chemical composition, linalool
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DownloadASSESSMENT OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.) CULTIVARS FOR YIELD AND YIELD-RELATED PARAMETERS UNDER THE AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-CENTRAL BULGARIA pag. 151-160
Svetlana ManhartCoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a valuable essential oil and spice crop, widely cultivated under various agroecological conditions due to its high economic importance. The optimal selection of cultivars is crucial for achieving high yields and good product quality, especially in the context of changing climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the seed yield and its components, along with certain qualitative traits, of five coriander varieties —Yantar, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoploden, Thüringen, and Marino—cultivated under the agroecological conditions of south-central Bulgaria. A field experiment was conducted in region of Plovdiv from 2020 to 2022 on alluvial-meadow soil, following winter wheat as a preceding crop. The results showed that the variety Mesten Drebnoploden exhibited the highest plant height, averaging 81.9 cm, followed by Thüringen at 72.6 cm. The cultivar Moroccan was distinguished by superior reproductive performance, recording averagely the highest number of umbels per plant (22.3), the highest number of seeds per plant (279), and the greatest seed weight per plant (1.19 g) average over the study period. Additionally, it had the highest mass per 1000 seeds and a test weight of 30.4 kg. The Moroccan variety also demonstrated the highest productivity, yielding 2137 kg/ha, while the Yantar variety had the lowest average yield for the period at 1454 kg/ha. Finally, the study revealed that both cultivar and growing conditions have a significant influence on the yield and yield components of coriander. These results highlight the importance of cultivar selection in maximizing coriander yield and quality under specific agroecological conditions.
more abstractcoriander, varieties, seed yield, agronomic traits, quality
Presentation: poster
DownloadRESERVES OF SOIL PRODUCTIVE HUMIDITY ARE THE KEY TO HIGH YIELD OF SUNFLOWER pag. 161-165
S.I. MATSKOVA 1, A.V GUMANYUK 2Currently, there is a warming climate. An increase in air temperature leads to an increase in the physical evaporation of water from the soil and the transpiration of plants. As a result, the study of the question of whether the reserves of natural soil moisture supply will be able to reveal the potential of sunflower in conditions of extreme farming is very relevant. In addition to the natural moisture supply of the soil, the yield of sunflower is also influenced by such factors as precipitation, hybrids (varieties), mineral nutrition, irrigation, etc. The paper analyses the data of average annual air temperatures and spring moisture reserves for the period 2006 – 2024 and found that on average for the analysed 15 years, the climatic conditions of our region can provide a sunflower yield of no more than 2 t/ha. Spring soil moisture reserves showed a weak correlation with sunflower yield (r = 0.145), which means that this factor has only a minor influence on yield formation. The correlation strengthens (r = 0.298) if not only spring moisture reserves but also precipitation for April-May are taken into account. However, even in this case, the influence of moisture availability remains average. The average level of correlation (r = 0.505) is reached when April-July precipitation is added to spring moisture reserves. This confirms that moisture supplied during critical phases of sunflower development (June-July) plays a more important role in yield formation than spring moisture reserves alone. Knowing the spring reserves of productive moisture in the soil and the amount of precipitation for the months of April to July, it is possible to predict the yield of sunflower.
more abstractMoisture reserves, Precipitation, Sunflower, Correlation coefficient, Yield.
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHEORETICAL MODEL FOR BLOCKCHAIN INTEGRATION IN A CONSTANȚA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE pag. 166-174
Oana MIHAI-FLOREA 1,2*, C.T. STROE1,2, Nicoleta LOLOȚ2, Liliana PANAITESCU1,2Blockchain technology offers significant theoretical potential to enhance transparency and operational efficiency in agricultural cooperatives, especially in regions with strong export opportunities such as Constanța County, Romania. Despite its advantageous geographic position near Romania’s major maritime port, agricultural cooperatives in this region face challenges related to limited traceability and suboptimal resource management. This paper proposes a theoretical model for blockchain integration into a local agricultural cooperative, focusing on improving transparency, supply chain traceability, and operational workflows. Using a systematic meta-analysis of recent peer-reviewed studies, the paper synthesizes evidence regarding blockchain applications in agriculture to inform the model's design. The proposed conceptual framework does not involve direct practical implementation but outlines potential processes and expected outcomes based on existing technological evidence and local logistical conditions. Blockchain's immutability and decentralized structure ensure reliable traceability of agricultural products, thereby reducing fraud risks, enhancing compliance with export standards, and optimizing resource utilization. Furthermore, leveraging blockchain technology within logistical and managerial processes can significantly benefit cooperatives by reducing operational costs and strengthening trust among cooperative members and commercial partners. The model emphasizes the strategic advantage of proximity to the maritime port for logistics and export activities, making it potentially replicable for cooperatives in similar agricultural regions. This theoretical approach highlights the pathway towards modernizing cooperative structures, enhancing product quality, and increasing competitiveness on international markets.
more abstracttraceability, transparency, supply-chain, export compliance, meta-analysis
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DownloadTHEORETICAL MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL TWINS IN FARMS FROM DOBROGEA REGION pag. 175-181
Oana MIHAI-FLOREA*1,2, C.-T. STROE 1,2, Liliana PANAITESCU1,2The concept of Digital Twins (DTs) has emerged as a transformative technological advancement in precision agriculture, offering unprecedented opportunities for real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and optimized decision-making in agricultural management. This paper proposes a theoretical model specifically tailored for the implementation of Digital Twin technology in farms located in the Dobrogea region, an area characterized by significant climate variability and resource management challenges. The proposed model integrates multi-layered digital representations of crop conditions, soil properties, climate data, and farm management practices, enabling accurate simulations and predictions. Key components include sensor integration, data analytics platforms, cloud computing solutions, and advanced predictive modeling tools. By establishing virtual replicas of physical agricultural assets, such as fields, machinery, and crop health parameters, the model aims to enhance productivity, improve resource efficiency, and significantly reduce environmental impacts. Additionally, it supports real-time scenario analyses, enabling farmers to proactively identify and address potential issues related to extreme climate events, drought conditions, or limitations in resource availability. Through continuous data synchronization between the digital replicas and their physical counterparts, farmers can rapidly test and evaluate various intervention strategies before actual implementation. The outcomes of this theoretical framework are expected to provide actionable insights into sustainable farm management strategies, clearly demonstrating the value and practical applicability of Digital Twins in the regional agricultural context of Dobrogea.
more abstractDigital Twins, precision agriculture, farm management, predictive analytics, sustainability.
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DownloadUSING GEOMATICS TECHNIQUES FOR RELIEF ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOIL EROSION pag. 182-188
Silviu MUȘATThis article explores the application of advanced geomatic techniques for detailed relief analysis to better understand soil erosion processes. The study utilizes Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) provided by ALOS PALSAR, which offer an adequate spatial resolution for geomorphological analysis. These data are processed and analyzed in the open-source software QGIS, enabling the generation of accurate information on the topographical features of the watershed. An important aspect of the research is slope analysis, a key factor in triggering water erosion. Slope distribution within the watershed is mapped and statistically analyzed to identify high-risk areas. The study also examines the degree of relief fragmentation, an important indicator of how water runoff and sediment transport are influenced by terrain morphology. Furthermore, the research includes the analysis of the Topographic Position Index (TPI), a valuable tool for classifying landforms and identifying areas prone to water accumulation or dispersion. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the interaction between surface hydrological processes and terrain morphology, influencing susceptibility to erosion. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the usefulness of geomatic techniques in the accurate and detailed evaluation of relief characteristics, providing essential information for identifying critical areas at risk of erosion. The results can serve as a basis for informed decision-making regarding sustainable land management, the implementation of soil conservation measures, and territorial planning to reduce the negative impact of erosion.
more abstractSoil erosion, DEM, ALOS PALSAR, Topographic Position Index, QGIS
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DownloadTHE IMPACT OF NATURAL FACTORS ON EROSION PROCESSES IN THE BIZDIDEL RIVER BASIN pag. 189-195
Silviu MUȘAT, Cătălin MANU, Sevastel MIRCEAThis study analyzes the impact of natural factors on erosion processes in the Bizdidel River basin, highlighting the interaction between geomorphological characteristics, soil types, and the climatic regime. The relief is assessed using a hypsometric map, while the distribution of soils is analyzed based on cartographic data processed with the help of QGIS. In addition, the specific climatic conditions of the area are examined, with a focus on the precipitation regime, which influences the intensity of soil erosion. The geomatics methods, such as remote sensing and spatial analysis, employed in this study allow for a detailed characterization of risk factors and the identification of areas with high susceptibility to erosion. By correlating geomorphological parameters with data on soil types and climate, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the dynamics of land degradation processes. The use of remote sensing data, combined with GIS-based spatial analysis, improves the accuracy of erosion risk assessments.The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of erosion mechanisms and can be used to implement preventive and management measures, supporting sustainable land use planning and conservation efforts. The goal of the research is to determine the vulnerability of the basin to erosion, highlighting the key factors and their impact on land stability, thus providing a solid foundation for future strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of erosion.
more abstractSoil erosion, Bizdidel River basin, GIS, hypsometric map, land degradation, climatic factors, QGIS
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DownloadCURRENT DATA ON THE STATUS OF KNOTWEED SPECIES (FALLOPIA, POLYGONUM, PERSICARIA, REYNOUTRIA) IN WETLAND AREAS OF ROMANIAN BANAT pag. 196-204
Alina NEACSU1, Ilinca IMBREA1, Diana OBISTIOIU1, Anca HULEA1, Mariana HANCZIG1, G. ARSENE1We have as our starting point a genus with very well-known species, but with a highly debated systematics and unexploited economic potential. Polygonum is a large and cosmopolitan genus (the online taxonomic database, Plants of the World Online recognizes 173 species, but other authors, e.g. DONG et al., 2014, in IDOUDI et al., 2024 consider about 300 species), with very common plant species in Romania's flora, known as “knotweeds”. The systematics of the genus Polygonum is controversial and still unresolved, that's why several species have been reclassified and moved to the genera Persicaria, Bistorta, Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Reynoutria, Koenigia. CIOCÂRLAN (2009) presents 25 spontaneous and cultivated species from our country. The cultivated ones are Fallopia aubertii (L. Henry) Holub (Polygonum aubertii Louis Henri), Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (Polygonum orientale L.), Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.) and Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai (Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schmidt). The last two species escaped from culture and became subspontaneous and very aggressive as invasives. The spontaneous species grow in ponds and marshes, in ditches and canals, in humid forests or some are segetal and ruderal. We are discussing here those that belong to the first ecological category. That's why we have chosen the following 7 species encountered in humid areas: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre (Polygonum amphibium L.), Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (Polygonum hydropiper L.), Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre (Polygonum lapathyfolium L.), Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz (Polygonum minus Hudson), Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Holub (Polygonum mite Schrank), Persicaria maculosa Gray (Polygonum persicaria L.), Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.). Our chorological data is corroborated with that collected in this region by TÖKES, SORAN, BOŞCAIU, GRIGORE, VICOL, OPREA et al., ARVAT, COSTE, DRĂGULESCU and other authors (from 1905 until now). We have taken into account the ecological differences, their participation in the vegetation and we draw attention to the spread of one of the very invasive species, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. We would like to emphasize that we look at them not only from a botanical and ecological point of view, but also from the perspective of their pharmaceutical potential, because some species contain phytochemical compounds.
more abstractknotweed, humid area, Romanian Banat, invasive plants, economic potential
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DownloadRECONSTRUCTING DOMESTIC ENERGY AVAILABILITY IN AGRARIAN SOCIETIES: A CASE STUDY FROM THE IER VALLEY, 1900 pag. 205-212
Vlad RADA1, Mihai-Ionuț DANCIU1, Adina HORABLAGA1This paper examines the relationship between agricultural production and energy availability in Bihor County around 1900, employing a quantitative approach to estimate the theoretical energy yield per capita. Using historical data on land distribution, crop structure, and average yields, and converting agricultural outputs into kilowatt-hours (kWh) based on standard calorific values, we calculated that each inhabitant would have had access to approximately 2764 kWh of energy annually. The analysis shows that while this figure may appear substantial, it must be contextualized: much of the agricultural production was destined for animal feed, seeds, or was lost to spoilage, meaning that the net dietary energy available to humans was considerably lower. Compared to modern figures, the disparity is stark. Contemporary Bihor produces significantly more agricultural energy per capita, reflecting advances in agricultural practices, mechanization, and rural economic restructuring. Furthermore, when compared to modern overall energy consumption patterns, even the total agricultural energy available in 1900 remains negligible: current household electricity consumption alone exceeds 2000–2500 kWh per capita annually in Romania, while total energy use reaches 23,000–24,000 kWh. In the United States, annual energy consumption per capita is nearly 90,000 kWh. This investigation highlights the extreme efficiency and constraints of pre-industrial agrarian societies. It underscores how limited energy availability shaped daily life, economic activity, and survival strategies, in stark contrast to the vast energy surpluses that characterize post-industrial societies. By quantitatively reconstructing historical energy access, the paper provides a framework to better understand the transformative impact of increased energy availability on societal structures, economic complexity, and human expectations. The study demonstrates that energy abundance was not merely a technological achievement but a fundamental driver of historical change.
more abstractdomestic energy consumption, rural households, agrarian societies
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DownloadEFFECTS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON WINTER WHEAT GROWTH UNDER HYDRIC STRESS CONDITIONS pag. 213-222
Lucian RĂUS1, Diana BOLOHAN*, Mariana VOLF11Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) represents a significant cereal crop in the northeastern region of Romania. Wheat production in this area is frequently constrained by drought stress conditions and low efficiency in the utilization of chemical fertilizers under water deficit scenarios. Consequently, effective water management practices for agricultural productivity in regions experiencing water scarcity necessitate the implementation of innovative and sustainable strategies. In order to evaluate the impact of nitrogen fertilizers and biostimulants on the growth and yield of winter wheat, two experiments were conducted at the Didactic Station of Iași, affiliated with the Iași University of Life Sciences, during the period 2020–2023. The first experiment assessed the sensitivity of winter wheat to the application of five biostimulant fertilizers. The second experiment investigated the response of winter wheat to four slow-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments. The application of biostimulants, particularly Brio N, significantly influences fertilizer efficiency by promoting nutrient uptake through plant roots, enhancing plant tolerance to water stress, and improving the plant's ability to metabolize essential nutrients. Additionally, the use of nitrogen-based foliar fertilizers such as N3 positively impacts plants experiencing hydric stress. Specifically, it enhances the plants' tolerance to water scarcity, boosts photosynthetic activity, and supports protein synthesis. Furthermore, soil-applied liquid nitrogen fertilizers, represented by N1 and N2, have shown beneficial effects on yield parameters, enhancing overall plant growth, improving crop quality, and increasing yield-quality parameters. These fertilizers ensure that nitrogen is immediately accessible to plants and generate a notable "stay-green" effect, prolonging the functional lifespan of chloroplasts. Lastly, the use of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers like Sulfammo 25 and Sulfammo 30 also contributes substantially to improved plant growth and crop quality. These fertilizers gradually release nitrogen throughout the vegetation period, increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency and further extending the chloroplasts' lifespan through the "stay-green" effect.
more abstractbiostimulant fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, nitrogen slow-release, winter wheat
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DownloadEFFICACY OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE FUMIGATION AGAINST TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM AT A WHEAT MILL IN GORJ ROMANIA pag. 223-229
Spyros-Angelos SPILIOTIS1, Ion MITREA2The phase-out of methyl bromide and the growing resistance of stored-product pests to phosphine have intensified the need for alternative fumigants in structural pest control. This study investigates the efficacy of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as a viable alternative, with a specific focus on its application in a wheat mill located in Gorj County, Romania. The primary objective is to assess the performance of HCN fumigation against Tribolium confusum, a major pest species in stored grain environments, across all life stages. Current literature identifies HCN as a promising, fast-acting fumigant, yet field data under real-world mill conditions remain limited. This research addresses that gap through an in-situ application, incorporating gas monitoring, environmental analysis, and mortality assessment. Materials and methods include the use of calibrated detection equipment, sealing assessments, and post-fumigation inspection to validate outcomes. Results showed 100% mortality of larval and adult stages despite challenges such as wind interference and partial structural leakage, highlighting both the efficacy and sensitivity of HCN performance to environmental and infrastructural variables. The novelty of this study lies in its field-scale application in Eastern Europe, offering rare data under operational conditions. Limitations include localized environmental variables and the need for follow-up on residual stages. The findings support HCN’s relevance as a potent alternative to conventional fumigants, with significant implications for pest management protocols in grain-processing facilities.
more abstractHydrogen cyanide fumigation, Tribolium confusum, stored-product pest control, grain mill fumigation, fumigant alternatives, pest resistance management, structural fumigation efficacy.
Presentation: poster
DownloadMANAGEMENT OF TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM (WESTWOOD) IN TOMATO CROPS pag. 230-239
Alina SURDULESCU1, Raluca VIZITIU1, Alexandra PRODAN1, Alexandra ȘANDRU1, MONICA BUTNARIU1, Ramona ȘTEF1The greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) is a pest with a wide range of host plants, rapid development, high reproductive capacity and multiple overlapping generations. These biological characteristics are enhanced through the insect’s ability to secrete a waxy substance that makes the control of this species very challenging. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of chemical and biological products in reducing the population of Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato crops. The influence of deltametrin, flupyradifuron, Isoclast TM active, potassium salt of fatty acides treatments and spirotetramat was assessed under protected environment(greenhouse). The study protocol included six randomized variants in three replications. The aggressiveness of the target species on tomato plants was evaluated following EPPO guidelines 1/36(3). The efficacy of the products against hemipteran population was assessed at 3 days after treatment (DAT), 7 DAT and 14 DAT. The results recorded during the study showed that the aggressiveness and population levels exerted by adult and nymph stages were highest in untreated control variant. Satisfactory results were recorded in the plots treated with delthamethrin. The biological product Isoclast TM active expressed a lower efficacy against Trialeurodes vaporariorum population compared with other treatments. The systemic insecticides like Sivanto Prime and Movento 100 SC showed the highest efficacy in controlling the population at 7 DAT. Contact and ingestion insecticides control was satisfactory controlling the population within the first 72 hours.
more abstractTrialeurodes vaporariorum, Solanum lycopersicum, control, efficacy
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DownloadPRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS GROWN UNDER EXTREME DROUGHT IN TWO DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL REGIONS pag. 240-245
Bojidar TANCHEV, Galin GEORGIEVThe experiment was set up using a block method in 4 replications after a wheat predecessor in the fields of two different ecological regions – Thrace (Plovdiv region) and Dobrudja (Dobrich region), Bulgaria. Six sunflower hybrids were studied – P64LP170, breeded in Corteva, USA as a standart, and Bulgarian hybrids Dalena, Deveda, Enigma, Krasela and Sunny, breeded at the Dobruja Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo. Seed yield (SY), kg/da was determined by indirect method from a harvested plot. Both harvest years were characterized by extremely low rainfall during the critical periods of sunflower vegetation, accompanied by higher average monthly temperatures than the climatic norm. This is typical for both agro-ecological regions - Thrace and Dobrudzha and had an extremely negative impact on the productivity of all tested sunflower hybrids. In the first year of the study, the seed yield of all studied hybrids was higher in the Dobrich region. In both regions, the highest yields were recorded for the control hybrid P64LP170 and the lowest seed yield was recorded for the Krasela. In the second year of the study, the seed yield of all studied hybrids in both agro-ecological regions was lower than in the first. Comparing the two regions, the yield in the Plovdiv region was higher than that in Dobruja. In the Plovdiv region, the highest yields were recorded for the Dalena CLP hybrid, and in the Dobrich region for the control hybrid P64LP170. The lowest seed yield was recorded for the Krasela hybrid in Plovdiv, and in Dobrich for the Dalena CLP hybrid, which makes the interaction between the two factors non significant in the second year.
more abstractsunflower, hybrids, drought, yield
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DownloadOPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION FROM AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA OF SOME SESQUITERPENE DERIVATIVES FOR UPLC ANALYSIS pag. 246-256
Bianca Vulpe1, Nicoleta Ianovici2, V. Ostafe2A two-step UPLC-MS method was developed for the separation and identification of five compounds — germacrene D, spathulenol, longipinanol, ambrosin, and cumanin — extracted from Ambrosia artemisiifolia, even in the absence of analytical standards. In the first step, the MassLynx software was employed to generate isotopic model spectra, allowing identification of the target compounds based on the recorded spectra during chromatographic separation. In the second step, the retention times of the eluted peaks were correlated with the logP values of the target compounds, providing an additional layer of identification. Another key objective of this study was to optimize the solid–liquid extraction process of the target compounds from different plant organs (root, stem, leaf). To achieve this, a full factorial experimental design was generated using Minitab software, minimizing the number of experiments while maximizing the information obtained. By evaluating factors such as the organ origin of the plant material, extraction time, and the hydrophobicity and volume of the extraction solvent, the number of experiments was effectively reduced to 36. The results highlighted that solvent hydrophobicity and solvent volume significantly influenced the extraction yield. This method provides an efficient and reliable strategy for both the identification and extraction optimization of compounds from A. artemisiifolia.
more abstractdesign of experiments, factorial design, Ambrosia sp., germacrene, spathulenol, longipinanol, ambrosin, cumanin, sesquiterpene derivatives, MS spectra, solid – liquid extraction
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