The main raw materials for beer production are beer malt (from barley or wheat), hops (Humulus lupulus L.), water, and yeast. Hop is perennial plant, dioecious plant, which means that each plant carries only male or only females’ flowers. Hops help to keep beer fresher, longer; help beer retain its head of foam—a key component of a beer's aroma and flavour and bitterness In the case of dioecious varieties, only female plants shall be taken, while male plants are not desirable. Hops give bitterness to beer and thus affect the aroma, for this reason the quality of hops significantly affects the quality of beer. Beer is a sparkling alcoholic beverage with a characteristic bitter taste and aroma of hops. It is consumed all over the world. It is one of the oldest and most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages in the world. It is also the third most popular drink after water and tea. Europe, in general, consumes the most beer in the world. The country at the top is the Czech Republic, with 143.3 liters consumed (2019) per capita. The aim of this paper is to describe in which countries beer is most consumed and what the main use of hops in beer production is.

hop, beer, beer production, hop use, world

biology

Presentation: None