Chemical products are more and more frequently discussed worldwide, there are big differences between continents but also between the states of the same continent. In the present work, we have proposed to analyze their use in various agricultural systems from different countries with an emphasis on one European and one African country. The situation obtained based on the specialized literature offers a wide range of opinions about the most used types of pesticides, the percentage of application in practice, about their toxicity and last but not least about the national or continental legislation. The subsidiary purpose of the action is actually to see the tendency of reduction or increase and implicitly the harmful actions on the environment. From those analyzed, it was found that the progress in reducing the use of pesticides is uneven between the member states, depending on the socio-economic conditions and the development of sustainable agriculture. Thus, at the European level there is a clear tendency to reduce the use of pesticides (by 50%) through the European Directive on the sustainable use of pesticides, this being a target provided until 2030. In Romania in recent years, the use of pesticides has experienced fluctuations, if some pesticides were withdrawn for a while, in 2023 they were reapproved through exemptions, a fact that attracted a new increase in chemical residues, especially in vegetables and fruits. However, the reduction progress is evident despite the challenges caused by the emergence of new pests and the pressure to increase productivity. By comparison, in African countries unsustainable legislation and the lack of biological alternatives have led to an increase in the use of pesticides and exposure to toxic substances. Regardless of the agricultural system, country or status, the implementation of safer agricultural practices remains essential priorities for reducing the negative impact of pesticides.

Pesticides, agricultural systems, pest, state of art

agronomy

Presentation: poster