The intensive use of synthetic fertilizers in conventional agriculture has led to significant environmental challenges, including water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil degradation, while contributing to diminishing returns in crop productivity. This research investigates the development and efficacy of integrated eco-friendly fertilization systems as a sustainable alternative. We evaluated a combination of organic amendments (compost, vermicompost), biofertilizers (nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria), and precision application technologies over a three-year period in diverse cropping systems. Our results demonstrated that integrated eco-friendly systems could maintain crop yields within 5-10% of conventional levels while significantly enhancing soil health. Specifically, soil organic carbon increased by 18-25%, microbial biomass by 30-45%, and water-holding capacity by 15-20% compared to synthetic fertilizer treatments. Nutrient use efficiency improved by 25-40%, with corresponding reductions in nitrogen leaching (30-50%) and nitrous oxide emissions (20-35%). Economic analysis revealed that although initial establishment costs were 15-20% higher, the systems became cost-competitive within 2-3 years due to reduced input costs and premium market opportunities for sustainably produced crops. The successful implementation was influenced by crop type, soil characteristics, and farmer knowledge, with legumes and horticultural crops showing particularly positive responses. We conclude that eco-friendly fertilization systems represent a viable, multifunctional approach to sustainable agriculture, simultaneously addressing productivity, environmental, and economic objectives. Their widespread adoption requires supportive policies, knowledge dissemination, and the development of integrated nutrient management plans tailored to local conditions.

sustainable agriculture, soil, fertilization, eco, systems

environmental engineering

Presentation: poster