Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a major global oilseed crop, valued for its high-quality edible oil and adaptability to diverse pedoclimatic conditions. Among agronomic inputs, chemical fertilization remains a key driver of biomass accumulation, yield formation, and oil composition, yet its benefits depend strongly on balanced nutrient supply and site-specific management. This review synthesizes current evidence on how mineral fertilizers—primarily nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and selected micronutrients (especially boron)—influence sunflower growth, yield components, and oil quality traits. The literature indicates that N is closely linked to vegetative growth and protein synthesis and can modify oil concentration and fatty acid composition; however, excessive N may shift assimilate allocation and influence the oil–protein trade-off. Phosphorus supports early root development and reproductive performance, while responses to P are strongly conditioned by soil P availability and crop demand. Potassium contributes to osmotic regulation and stress tolerance, particularly under drought, and has been associated with improvements in seed quality traits and fatty acid profiles. Boron is frequently identified as critical for reproductive development and seed set in B-deficient environments. Overall, integrated NPK management—guided by soil testing, nutrient interactions, and crop phenology—offers the best pathway to improve yield and maintain desirable oil quality while reducing environmental losses. Future research should emphasize nutrient use efficiency, fertilizer placement strategies, and the alignment of fertilization regimes with genotypic differences and climate-driven stress patterns.

sunflower; chemical fertilization; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; micronutrients; boron; oil quality; fatty acids; nutrient use efficiency

agronomy

Presentation: poster