The development and use of hazard and risk maps for the Danube River within the territory of Romania represent an essential component of the integrated management of water resources and the prevention of extreme natural phenomena. The Danube, the most important river in Central and Eastern Europe, crosses Romania for more than 1,000 km, exhibiting significant hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological diversity. This natural complexity, combined with increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate-induced variability, leads to a heightened vulnerability to flooding, bank erosion, accidental pollution, and other water-related risks. The creation of accurate hazard and risk maps relies on modern geospatial technologies such as remote sensing, aerial photogrammetry, LiDAR scanning, and advanced Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enabling the integration and analysis of topographic, hydrological, and climatic datasets. These technologies support the generation of high-resolution digital terrain models, flow simulations, and spatial analyses that are essential for delineating exposed or sensitive areas. Furthermore, the use of UAVs and dedicated processing software—such as Agisoft Metashape, Pix4D, and other photogrammetric platforms—makes it possible to produce detailed orthophotos and 3D reconstructions with centimeter-level accuracy. Such products are invaluable for monitoring geomorphological evolution, evaluating protective infrastructure, and offering decision-makers reliable, up-to-date information. Ultimately, the systematic development of hazard and risk maps contributes to more efficient territorial planning, environmental protection, and the implementation of proactive measures for reducing natural risks along the Romanian stretch of the Danube.

hazard, risk, Danube, GIS, remote sensing, floods, digital terrain model

geodesy engineering

Presentation: poster