Vol 56, No 1 (2024)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GREAT MUSHROOM GRASS (ANDROSACE MAXIMA) IN THE GREAT PLAINS pag. 3-8
Enikó Réka BARANYI, Krisztina NÓTÁRI, Erzsébet CSENGERIOur biological reseurces are decreasing wordwide. We live in an era of species extention. Therefore, the reappereance of a species that has already disappesred is very important. The big mushroom grass (Androsace maxima) is a representative of disappreared regulation in the Great Hungarian Plains. The big mushroom grass is a sub-Mediterranean flora element with a Eurasian distribution. It is protected in Hungary, its nominal value is HUF 10 000. Its natural occurance can be observed primarily in the loess-covered areas in the Central Mountains in Hungary. It was observed secondarily in abandoned vineyards in the Balaton highlands. Thirdly, as a result of human interventions, we can find them in the mainly south-facing parts of kurgans and dam sides. The plant was first recorded on the side of the Gyomaendrőd dam in 2008, where it leads an isolated lifestyle. A study from 2008 to 2010 showed an increase in the number of individuals of the isolated population. Despite the significant fluctuation of the individuals of the sedge, the weed population was considered stable and able to spread. In our work, we will complete the 2024 census of the population. On the occasion of the first field trip, we take up observation points. Based on these, we concluded that the population is spreading, compared to the results of the previous study. After that, we finish counting the number of units using the square method. We made a patch map of the degree of spread. Our results confirm the spread of the population and a significant increase in the number of individuals. During our study, we also measured the intensity of seed formation. From the size of the seed production, we can deduce the following population size. In order to monitor the population of the large mushroom grass, our tests will be repeated next year.
more abstract: big mushroom grass, loess-covered, loess vegetation
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DownloadBIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY ANALYSIS BASED ON MINERAL CONTENT IN THYME ( THYMUS L.) POPULATIONS pag. 9-16
Rodica BEICU, Adina BERBECEA, Sorina POPESCU, Georgeta POP, Alina NEACŞU, Giancarla VELICEVICI, Ana-Mariana DINCU, Ilinca-Merima IMBREAIt is well known the importance of studying the mineral content of plants, as essential and indispensable nutritional components for their good physiological functioning and going along the trophic chain, of animals and humans, based on the content of mineral elements. As a result of the demographic growth, in the last period of time, the concerns regarding the identification of new food resources, on the one hand, and the establishment of sustainable principles for the management of the existing ones, on the other hand, have increased. Thyme, like many other genera belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has economic and pharmaceutical importance, being intensively studied from a chemical point of view. In the paper, the results regarding the content in microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni) are analyzed in 17 wild populations of thyme, compared with a cultivated population (Th. vulgaris). The samples were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy method (AAS). The Fe content varied widely, depending on the place of origin and the analyzed species, reaching maximum values in the cultivated population Th. vulgaris (486 mg/kg), exceeding the wild populations, with only one exception, Th dacicus harvested from the Lescovita area (564 mg/kg). Likewise, the chromium content for the cultivated population, reached high values (0.849 mg/kg), compared to the wild populations, being surpassed only by Th. pulegioides (1.250 mg/kg), collected from the Pojejena area. For all the other microelements analyzed, the values recorded for the cultivated population, did not exceed the values of the wild populations.
more abstractmicroelements, atomic absorbion spectroscopy (AAS), medicinal plants
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DownloadEVALUATION THE INFECTIOS PREASSURE OF SEPTORIA PIRINA FROM THE SOTHWESTERN PART OF ROMANIA pag. 17-21
A. BORCEAN1, L. MOLNAR1In the present paper are presented results regarding the natural distribution of pathogen fungus Septoria pyrina which produce the leaf white spots on pear trees. This disease was monitored between 2021 and 2023 on the area situated in the South West part of Romania, between river Caraș and Danube. This pear trees disease has for the moment a constant presence on the area. pathogen attack is really easy to be observed because the small white to gray spots with no more than 5 mm diameter produced by the fungus when this is at maturity. But as final result of Septoria pyrina attack is the premature lose of the leaves which mean the tree has difficulties on preparations for the winter and this is the main reason why are so important this kind of surveillance on the funguses epidemiologic potential. In the same time, if there are high levels of spots on the leaves it mean that there are a lot of spores produced by fungus and the infection pressure is high. In the same time, an increased number of spots means a high number of fungus reserve for the next year infections. For this reason it is very important to keep the fungus inoculum level under surveillance and use those data for important decisions as there is the moment when it is absolutely necessary to apply one treatment against the fungus. Results indicate without any doubt that the funs is present all around the localities from the evaluated area. Never the less it is mandatory for permanent surveillance of this fungus inoculum evolution on the areas where there are pear orchards.
more abstractSeptoria pyrina pear tree leaf disease
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DownloadWILSONOMYCES CARPOPHILUS (LÉV.) AND BLUMERIELLA JAAPII THE MOST HARMFULL CHERYTREES PATHOGENS pag. 22-27
A. BORCEAN1Wilsonomyces carpophilus (Lév.) is a common pathogen of stone fruit trees and produce the leaf shot hole. Blumeriella jaapii on the other hand is a pathogen just for cherry trees and produce cherry leaf spot but this disease affects also the fruits because the main symptom are small spots which cold be both on leaves and fruits. Taking from this point of view, both pathogens affect the leaves and because they could attack in the same time, they are considered to be extremely dangerous for cherry trees because the main effect on the leaves are a rapid necrosis of some large parts of the infected leaves. After that the leaves are falling to early, at the end of the end of August and beginning of September. All this long process of cherry trees leaves decay bring with it some physiological problems like reducing possibility the trees resistance to some periods of drought which may appear any time in the reference are during the summer and also of a normal preparing for winter. For what it is known for the moment, both pathogens could be stop from their development on cherry trees just by some foliar treatment but in this case, it is essential to monitor all the way in the orchard the stage of leaf infection with these pathogens. This cases the key to a high efficiency of the treatment against those pathogens. By the present paper we bring a comprehensive evaluation of this cherry tree diseases in the interest area.
more abstractWilsonomyces carpophilus, Blumeriella jaapii
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DownloadDETERMINATION OF SOME NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS OF POTATO PEEL - PRELIMINARY RESEARCH pag. 28-34
Antoanela COZMA1, Ariana VELCIOV1, Sofia POPESCU1, Casiana MIHUT1, Anisoara DUMA COPCEA1, Alina LATO1, Codruta CHIS1, Maria RADA2The potato peel waste, a by-product resulting from the processing of potato tubers, contains available amounts of nutritional and biologically active compounds essential for the health of the human body. The analyzed potato peel powder contains important amounts of nutritional compounds, especially increased amounts of carbohydrates, total mineral content, sufficient protein and fiber content and reduced amounts of moisture and fats. Previous research on the proximate analysis composition reveals that this by-product is an excellent resource of nutritional and bioactive compounds such as minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibers, reduced fat content, and other valuable phytochemicals. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the analysis of potato peels obtained by peeling potato tubers sold in the local agro-food markets from Timisoara city. The results obtained: 4.78-6.82% moisture, 5.11-6.57% ash, 9.54-12.86% protein, 1.02-1.92% fat, 12.11- 14.95% fibers, and 59.64-68.71% carbohydrates suggests the use of peel powder as a natural additive in food with added value or as an alternative source in animal feed ingredients. In addition, the superior utilization of this by-product as food products, pharmaceutical ingredients, low-value animal feed or as agricultural fertilizer can reduce the load of potato peel waste on the environment pollution and serve the pharmaceutical and food sectors businesses.
more abstract: potato peel, by-product, potato peels powder, nutritional parameters
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DownloadTHE SUITABILITY OF THE SOIL FOR THE PRIMARY LAND USE IN THE ARAD PLAIN pag. 35-39
D., DOLOGA*, A., ILIUȚĂ*, Marianta, STRINOIU*The enhancement of production and agricultural land suitability depends directly on a comprehensive understanding of soil processes, evolution, and the extent to which soils receive nutrients. The fundamental purpose of land evaluation is to assess its characteristics and qualities in order to determine its optimal use. The classification of farmland is established through land assessment, following an evaluation of its natural state. The concept of "land" encompasses all environmental elements (such as soil, topography, climate, hydrology, etc.) that exert a significant impact on its utilization. Land evaluation under natural conditions involves the incorporation of ecological characteristics and indicators to establish stringent evaluation criteria. The analysis of soil samples' physical and chemical properties (including texture, pH, and humus) as well as biochemical aspects was conducted at the OSPA Arad Research Laboratory, adhering to the national norms and standards established by the National Association of Standardization. Examination of ecopedological conditions, data organization, and processing were carried out following the Methodology for the Elaboration of Pedological Studies (volumes I, II, and III), outlined by the ICPA Bucharest in 1987, along with the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy (SRTS-2012+). Previous studies have presented extensive analytical data spanning over four decades, during which various methodologies, mapping techniques, and assessments of agricultural lands were conducted. Given the dynamic nature of soil characteristics and their close relationship with the conditions of solidification, it is imperative to reevaluate the physical and chemical attributes, nutrient availability, and soil suitability for land utilization in the Arad Plain.
more abstractinformation, land, assessment, ecological, soil, suitability, sustainability
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DownloadUSING PEDOLOGICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL INFORMATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NITRATES DIRECTIVE WITHIN THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNIT SÂNTANA pag. 40-45
D., DOLOGA*, A. ILIUȚĂ*, Marianta, STRINOIU*The study aims to collect, elaborate, and comprehend scientific data on the chemical, physical, and hydro-physical features of soil in order to offer the governmental authorities specialized technical support in the development of Sântana's administrative region. The importance, originality, and timeliness stem from the pressing need to safeguard the ecosystem and soil. This is accomplished by carrying out the execution of a program of action for areas at risk of nitrate contamination from agriculture. The study serves as a focal point for overseeing the enforcement of the Nitrates Directive concerning soil and crops, which is crucial for compiling the national report on the “Nitrates Directive” from Arad District. The physico-chemical properties of soil samples, encompassing pH, humus, texture, N, P, and K content, alongside the biodiversity of biochemical and pathogenic constituents within the samples, were scrutinized at OSPA Arad, adhering to national regulations and standards sanctioned by the Romanian Standards Association (ASRO). In terms of topography, the settlement is located in the Banato-Crisana Plain, which constitutes a segment of Romania's Western Plain. It signifies the farthest eastern point of the Arad Plain in the Cris-Mures interfluve, a region characterized by the collective influence of the Mures River. The 9860 hectares of arable land in the community are used for various purposes: arable land (93.1%), pasture (6.4%), grassland (0.2%), vineyards (0.2%), and orchards (0.1%). The predominant soil types resulting from the classification of land areas include Chernozem (5148 ha), Fhaeozoum (557 ha), Eutryc cambisol (831 ha), Pelosol (2070 ha), Vertisol (1165 ha), Solonetz (58 ha), and Technosols (31 ha). Understanding these unique soil characteristics holds both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretical importance stems from its ability to enable experts to comprehend soil phenomena and predict soil development in particular, as well as broader environmental impacts in terms of current and future health. This knowledge also advises farmers on the necessary actions to optimize soil conditions for plant growth and development.
more abstractsustainability, ecological, soil, pollution, land, assessment
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DownloadASPECTS REGARDING SUNFLOWERSEEED CROPS IN BRAILA COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 46-55
A.D. DINCĂ1, S. STANCIU2, Cristina STOICA (DINCĂ)2The sunflower is one of the most important agricultural crops grown worldwide, being grown mainly for its nutrient- and oil-rich seeds. The study focuses on the impact of stress factors on the sunflower crop in the Northern Bărăganului Plain, in Braila County, Romania, considering the importance of this crop for agriculture in this region. The Northern Bărăganu Plain is an important area for sunflower production, and stress factors can have a significant impact on yield and crop quality. In the farms of Brăila County an increase in the amounts of fertilizers in the last three years can be observed, as well as in the amounts of pesticides used, especially herbicides and fungicides, used due to mechanization and intensive cultivation and the reduction of labor in agriculture. Understanding how stressors affect crops can provide valuable information for farmers and develop effective strategies to reduce negative impacts. In conclusion, stress factors such as drought, high temperatures, disease and pest attack or nutrient deficiency can negatively influence the sunflower crop in the Northern Bărăganului Plain. In this regard, it is important that farmers adopt appropriate agricultural practices and take protective measures to minimize the impact of these factors on yield and crop quality.
more abstractsunflower, agriculture, Bărăgan Area, Romania
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DownloadINFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SOIL TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SUNFLOWER YIELD IN THE NORTHERN BĂRĂGAN PLAIN pag. 56-64
A. D. DINCĂ1, Cristina STOICA (DINCĂ)2, S. STANCIU2In the specific zonal pedo-climatic conditions, as well as the changes in local microclimates related to global warming, the modifications in cultivation technologies are important factors that have a significant impact on modern agriculture. The paper presents the results of research on the behaviour of three sunflower hybrids when cultivated in two basic tillage systems, in the pedoclimatic conditions of the Northern Bărăgan area. The implementation of new agricultural practices requires a longer period of research on the effects of basic soil operations on sunflower production and quality indicators. In the current pedoclimatic conditions of Unirea area, located in the Northern Bărăgan Plain where the experiments were conducted, the practice of basic soil operations, specifically ploughing to a depth of 30 cm, ensures higher yields with slightly improved quality indices. Additionally, the hybrids used in this study exhibited different responses to the two cultivation technologies employed. The research found that sunflowers react favourably to both classical and minimum tillage technologies. These technological changes aim to reduce the damage to the soil's structure and quality, manage resources efficiently, and reduce the environmental impact. The research results have theoretical and practical importance, revealing the significance of applied cultivation technologies in protecting the environment and soil, as well as reducing the costs associated with seed drying.
more abstractagriculture, sunflower, tillage systems
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DownloadEXPLORING CHALLENGES IN EFL CLASSES IN THE NEW DIGITAL LANDSCAPES pag. 65-70
Alina DRAGOESCU, Lulzime KAMBERI, Iasmina IOSIM, Marius LUNGU1Academic research on the effect of technology and digital support in education, language learning and teaching has greatly increased in recent years. This issue has come into focus with recent global developments, which have led to research directions taking a radical shift towards digitalized training. Institutions all over the world, including academic establishments, were forced to find strategies to adapt to the pervasive introduction of distance education. As a result of the shift from onsite to online education, academic institutions in North Macedonia and Romania also resorted to digital learning strategies. The transfer from direct to remote learning occurred rapidly, which gave institutions and teachers little time to prepare. Various educational needs called for urgent solutions at all levels. The way teachers handled the situation largely depended on their own creativity and became their responsibility. This explorative study examines student experiences and perceptions on the new digital environments established through remote education. Acknowledging convenience sampling, the subjects who participated in this study were students at the English Language and Literature Department of the University of Tetovo (UT) in North Macedonia. Data were collected using questionnaires, via Google Docs, in which participants were asked to reflect on their experience. Responses were subjected to a modified content analysis to identify the main themes and topics. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken via Google Classroom to substantiate the essential findings of the subsequent content analysis. The results of the study have shown that safety, security, time and cost effectiveness were perceived among the advantages of online learning. However, peer collaboration and learning were felt as ineffective during online language classes. the study identifies the need for urgent staff and student training in line with recent global developments. This suggestion is not limited to building digital skills from a technological point of view, but also highlights the need to enhance situational and communicative settings in digital environments.
more abstractEFL (English as a Foreign Language), students’ perceptions, digital education, qualitative analysis, tertiary education
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DownloadESP TEACHING/LEARNING STRATEGIES APPLIED TO ENGLISH FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES pag. 71-76
Alina DRAGOESCU, Iasmina IOSIM, Ioana IBRIC, Lavinia PETANEC, Alina MARGHITAN, Marius LUNGUThe aim of this paper is to raise awareness on the benefits of integrating specialty concepts and topics in the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course at the University of Life Sciences “Michael I” from Timisoara, Romania. The paper draws attention to the fact that more attention should be given to a number of typical competences that academics need to focus on in order to provide a better head start for students in the field of Life Sciences, focusing on Agricultural Engineering, Horticulture, and Farm Management. Although the various ESP approaches differ extensively, our ESP course is designed bearing in mind the needs of students in their specific field of study – in this case Life Sciences. Developing specific skills and concepts required in this field facilitates knowledge and ultimately, graduates’ integration in the multi-disciplinary society awaiting them. The following generic academic competences were identified as being the most important ones in the field of Life Sciences: the capacity for analysis and synthesis, the capacity for applying knowledge in practice, problem solving, and communication in a foreign language (especially English). Graduates and stakeholders in the field are in agreement regarding the need for other competences to be acquired for better employability chances: the capacity to adapt to new situations, team work, interpersonal skills, and the concern for quality. For this reason, the ESP course has been designed to focus on developing all these competences. The textbook support for the course provided for students of English for the Life Sciences contains applied material intended to help learners acquire the skills mentioned above. The paper will illustrate in detail the way in which the acquisition and development of each of these subject-specific competences has been given due consideration in order to assist the professional needs of students in their major field of study.
more abstractEnglish for Specific Purposes (ESP), teaching foreign languages, communication, didactic strategies
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DownloadTHE ROLE OF CEREALS IN CARP FEEDING (SHORT REVIEW) pag. 77-83
Daniel FERENCZI1, Karoly BODNAR*1In Central and Eastern Europe, carp are widely farmed and reared in fishpond conditions. The effectiveness of the activity is basically determined by the quality of the feeding. The type, content and preparation of the grains used show great diversity in practice, not to mention the growing popularity of grain-based by-products. The work was aimed at reviewing and processing the available, relevant literature in order to prepare research. The role of the cereals in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) feeding is presented in this work, in order to set a basis of planned future investigations relied on data previously published in the Hungarian and international scientific literature related to this topic. Use of the cereals in the feeding products designated for carp is highly important in a cereal-growing area such is the south-east part of Hungary. In Europe, as in Hungary, carp are extensively fed with fodder mixtures based on cereals, as supplementary feeding. The efficiency of use individual feeds is influenced significantly by many factors as: the species, chemical composition, digestibility, processing method and particle size, age of the fed animals, etc. Among the by-products from the mill industry, bran can only be used for carp feeding with limitations due to its high fibre content. The role of DDGS (Dried Distiller's Grain with Solubles) as a by-product from the ethanol production process, is increasing due to its favourable nutrient content and digestibility.
more abstractcarp feeding, cereals, aquaculture, nutrient requirement, supplementary feeding
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DownloadTHE EFFECT OF WATER DEFICIT AND AMINO ACID TREATMENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAIZE pag. 84-91
Zoltán FUTÓ – Szabolcs BARNAIn the experiment, we examined the effect of water deficit and amino acid foliar treatments on the development of maize in the year 2023. The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in an experimental climate cabinet. The growing pots had a volume of 0.5 liters, in which 4 water supply levels were examined. We looked at the growth and development of maize at 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the soil water capacity. We examined root length, shoot growth, biomass and leaf surface development. With the improvement of the water supply, the development of the maize improved as expected! The favorable effect of the amino acid treatments was confirmed in the lower water supply level! Amino acid foliar fertilization increased the root mass by 7-19%! The root length also changed positively. Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) was measured in the shoot. The relative chlorophyll content also developed favorably, slightly increasing as a result of the amino acid foliar treatment. The positive effect was also visible in the case of an increase in the leaf area, the leaf area index (LAI) increased by 6.8 - 20.1 % as a result of the amino acid treatments. During the treatments, we found that amino acid treatments can reduce the stress effects caused by drought! The treated plants were stronger and more developed! These treatments may play an important role in the treatment of drought stress in the future! We would like to continue the experiments in the future in order to develop an efficient technology for the conditions of dry farming.
more abstractmaize, water deficit, foliar fertilizers
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DownloadTHE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER SITE SELECTION FOR AGROMETEOROLOGICAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS pag. 92-97
Bela GOMBOS1,2In our research, the role and importance of the location of agrometeorological temperature measurements were studied. Our measurements aimed to find out how the measurement site influences the temperature data and thus the agrometeorological information that can be used for precision crop production, such as daily minimum, maximum, mean values (monthly averages). We examined temperature heterogeneity at micro (1-100 m scale) and meso (1-10 km scale) horizontal scales. Temperature data of year 2022, measured by 7 high-precision HOBO Pro v2 U23-002 temperature/humidity data loggers (accuracy: ±0.21°C, resolution: 0.02°C/, T90%: 5 min) installed in the close surroundings of a town (Szarvas) in the Hungarian Great Plain were evaluated. Data from the Szarvas automatic weather station of the Hungarian Meteorological Service were also used for the analyses. The monthly mean temperature on mesoscale was most consistent in November and December, with a maximum difference of only 0.1°C. This also indicates a very high accuracy of our measurements. The largest heterogeneity was found from March to August, with differences typically 0.3-0.4°C. In case of minimum temperature large horizontal heterogeneity was detected (0.2-1.4°C). Microscale variations in maximum temperature were significant in the spring and summer seasons (in monthly averages 0.6-1°C, 1.2°C in August. Based on our results, recommendations were made for the selection of sites for agrometeorological measurements and the positioning of thermometers.
more abstracttemperature measurement, location, microclimate, mesoclimate, site selection
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DownloadMONITORING AND CONTROL OF ADULTS AND LARVAE OF THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM pag. 98-103
Ioana GROZEA, Eniko Ildiko FARINELLI KUN, Monica BUTNARIU, Adrian GROZEA, Ana Maria VIRTEIUAbout 27 years ago, the species with invasive status (at that time) called the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was reported in the corn crops in western Romania. It has expanded considerably since then, so that today it is considered an installed species with double damage, of the adult in the aerial part and the larva in the root. However, the studies have stopped, but the pest continues to cause damage to corn crops (a plant useful for human food and as a basis for feeding various farmed animals). That is why we proposed to update the situation of monitoring the populations and the damages produced in Timis county by analyzing some crops with corn hybrids from different categories of maturity by installing sticky yellow traps and direct observations, in 2 years (2022-2023). Thus, we found that the late hybrid attracted more adults and was much more affected in the silks, cobs and panicle compared to the early one which was affected in the leaves and attracted fewer adults. Also, characteristic bent plants as a sign of larval attack were more present in the early hybrid. The efficiency of the traps was taken into account with the double role of capturing and ecological control of adults. As a conclusion, the pest is still present in crops from July to October, and keeping it under control can also be done by using sticky traps available on the market.
more abstractcorn, monitoring, western corn rootworm, damage, traps, control
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DownloadCULTIVATION OF CEREALS ON THE ESTATE OF OSIJEK JESUITS DURING THE 18TH CENTURY pag. 104-109
Danie Haman, Domagoj Kopljar, Vlasta HamanWith the Treaty of Karlowitz signed in 1699, the rule of the Ottoman Empire in large parts of Central and Eastern Europe ended. The liberation of Osijek in 1687, followed by the liberation of all Slavonia (Eastern Croatia) in 1699, marked the beginning of a new era of freedom and well-being for its citizens. After the Great Turkish War and the liberation of Osijek in 1687, Jesuits arrived in the city with the imperial army in order to minister soldiers. With the arrival of additional Jesuits, their Mission evolved into a permanent presence, eventually becoming Osijek's first parish church. Osijek Jesuits administered the parish church from 1693, but officially took the parish church in 1701 and already the next year they were granted Aljmaš estate, which they were leasing from the Esztergom Archdiocese since 1690. It was a small estate, but Jesuits managed it properly and usually produced cereals, with the emphasis on the oats and maize. Wheat, maize and oats were common cereals cultivated in Slavonia. As stated in the Jesuit chronicles, the most common crop usually planted on their estate in Aljmaš was oat, since oat was used as a basic livestock feed because of its high content of fat and other nutritional elements. Next to maize, the most common crop grown for human consumption was wheat.
more abstractOsijek, Slavonia, 18th century, Jesuits, agriculture
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DownloadINFLUENCE OF VARIETY AND AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT pag. 110-115
D. ILJKIĆ1, Martina MANDIĆ2, Mirta RASTIJA1, Ivana VARGA1Wheat production is under pressure due to climate change, increasing input production and higher demand for grain. Successful production depends on certain factors such as agroecological conditions, technical management and genotype, i.e., variety. The main goal was to determine yield, yield components and other morphological and agronomic characteristics of different wheat varieties and to analyze weather conditions during the 2020/2021 vegetative season. The research was conducted on agricultural holding in eastern Croatia according to RCB design in three replications. In general, the weather during 2020/2021 did not deviate too much compared to the observed long-term mean, but significant deviations in distribution were recorded during individual months. The precipitation deviation ranged from -99.7 % (June) to + 51.0 % (December), while air temperature oscillations were even more pronounced. The implemented agrotechnics were in accordance with the profession's recommendations for adequate plant protection and mineral fertilization. The analysis of variance revealed significance for five out of nine properties studied (number of grains per ear, 1000 grain mass, hectolitre mass, plant height and ear length). The average yield of all five varieties in this survey was 9.36 t ha-1. Each variety had certain advantages in terms of one and/or more characteristics, as the yield differences were not statistically justified. By sowing high yield varieties of different seed companies, it is possible to achieve higher and more stable yields, which is the goal of every production. Choosing the right varieties of wheat for a particular area is also important due to the increasingly pronounced climate changes.
more abstractwheat, variety, weather conditions, yield, properties
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DownloadSTUDY OF PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE PRODUCTION IN 2021 pag. 116-120
Péter JAKAB 1, Péter VARGA1, Melinda TAR1The main goal of these study was to examining the effect of plant density of maize hybrids on yield and income. The experiment was set up in Óbecse (Serbia) used by in a split-plot design with four replications and four plant densities (65,000, 70,000, 75,000, 80,000 plants ha-1) in 2021. The soil was calcareous chernozem. Its nitrogen and phosphorus content was very good, and potassium content was good. The studied hybrids were: KWS Kashmir (FAO 400), KWS Kollegas (FAO 480), KWS Don Juan (FAO 440) and Pioneer 0164 (FAO 430). 2021 was moderately dry year. The amount of rainfall was lower by 98.6 mm than the long term average in the vegetation period of maize. The results were processed and statistically evaluated using the software Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29.0.0.0. The Pioneer0164, KWS Don Juan, and KWS Kashmir hybrids reached their maximum yield and the highest income at a plant density of 65,000 plants/ha. On the other hand the KWS Kollegas hybrid resulted the highest yield (7866 kg/ha) at a plant density of 80,000 plants/ha, and consequently, the highest income as well. The results indicate, that maize hybrids have varying optimal and econimically viable plant densities, therefore, it is advisable to use hybrid-specific cultivation techniques.
more abstractmaize, plant density, yield amount, income
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DownloadCULTURAL TOURISM: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH pag. 121-124
Marius Robert LUNGU, Alina DRAGOESCU, Diana Nicoleta RABA, Patrick LAVRITSWhat is cultural tourism? It's not an easy question, because the word culture is quite difficult to define it. A first difference! Culture is considered a part of civilization in the English and French spaces, while in the German space culture is considered distinct from civilization. Germans consider culture as the spiritual creation of a people, and civilization as the material creation of a people. This distinction was taken over in the countries of central and eastern Europe. If we read Dickens's realistic novels, we find out that cultural tourism was not practiced by everyone in the 19th century, only by the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie. Italy was one of their favorite countries. But after the Second World War and until today, there has been a democratization of tourism. With the increase in living standards, especially in Western Europe, many people began to travel to other countries. According to World Tourism Organizaion, cultural tourism includes ”movements of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and pilgrimages.” Some researchers prefer the concept of heritage tourism instead of rural tourism.
more abstractcultural tourism, conceptual analysis, English terminology
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DownloadRURAL AND CULTURAL TOURISM: MICLOSOARA CASE pag. 125-130
Marius Robert LUNGU, Alina DRAGOESCU, Diana Nicoleta RABA, Patrick LAVRITSRomania has an extraordinary cultural tourism potential. The multiculturalism and interculturality of Romania are a great wealth. Romanians, Hungarians and Germans have been living together for almost a thousand years, especially in Transylvania and Banat. The most popular destinationis are cultural: monasteries in Bucovina, wooden churches and houses in Maramures, castles, fortresses and fortified churches from Transilvania. In the last twenty years, cultural has been developing in the countryside especially in the center of Transilvania. Romania is not a well-known tourist destination, like Spain, Italy or France, but the promotion of Romanian tourism is improving day by day. Annual visits to Transilvania by the Prince of Wales, now King Charles The Third of Great Britain, at the invtation of his friend, count Kalnoky, has played a special role in this proces. Prince Charles not only admired great places His Royal Highness visited. He bought several traditional houses in Viscri and Valea Zalanului that His Royal Highness renovated intoduced in tourist circuit. Miclosoara is perhaps the most succesful example of cultural tourism in rural Transilvania and this thanks to Count Tibor Kalnoky. After recovered his castel in Miclosoara, Count Kalnoky renovated it with European funds and he integrated into the tourist circuit, setting up the Museum of Transilvanian Life.
more abstractcultural tourism, rural tourism, Miclosoara, English terminology
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DownloadTHE RESPONSE OF SOME BARLEY VARIETIES (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) TO THE CURRENT CLIMATE CONTEXT IN DOBROGEA pag. 131-144
Liliana MIRON, Simion ENUȚĂ, Simona NIȚĂ, Lucian NIȚĂ, Ciprian STROE, Liliana PANAITESCUBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants. The research carried out focused on the response of some varieties (varieties) of autumn barley, grown in Dobrogea, on the varieties, from the point of view of the quality standards applied to the breweries. The contribution of the variety (variety) to the formation of the harvest and the determination of its quality, as well as the climate and soil conditions, as well as the application of certain variants of cultivation technology, are taken into account. The quality of barley grains used in the brewing process is regulated by Norms issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Health. The respective norms establish the maximum content of foreign bodies that the barley harvest intended for beer can have, the maximum content of inert, mineral or organic bodies, the maximum content of weed seeds or seeds of other crop species, defects, attacked seeds, sprouted, moldy or undeveloped. Also, the barley grains used in the brewing process must meet sanitary standards and be food safe. The qualitative indicators are established, as well as the microbiological conditions or the content of toxic substances, residues or contaminants that can affect the health of the consumer. The paper presents an analysis of six varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), present in culture in the Dobrogea region, Romania, with reference to the standards necessary to establish the quality of the harvests for industrialized barley (standards applicable to breweries). ), as well as identifying the manifestation of their genetic potential, in the current climate context. Also, the correlations between the obtained yield and each harvest quality index, separately, are presented. The research carried out aimed to determine the quality of autumn barley crops, grown in Dobrogea, established in the 2020-2021 agricultural year, by varieties, from the point of view of the quality standards applied to breweries. It is found that, in the climatic conditions of the agricultural year 2020-2021, malting barley had excellent qualities for breweries, with all varieties analyzed falling within the standards.
more abstractBarley, brewing barley, quality indicators, harvest, climatic conditions
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DownloadPARTICULARITIES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO AGRICULTURISTS pag. 145-159
R. PASCALAU, L. SMULEAC, S.M.STANCIU, F. IMBREA, G.SABAU, L.STIEGELBAUER, S.MILANCOVICIn relation to the edification of non-native dialects to individuals in the agricultural field, the comprehension of the importance regarding the adeptness in the English language becomes a matter of high significance. The role of language competencies within the agricultural domain proves to be crucial for effective communication and knowledge sharing among various stakeholders such as agriculturists, researchers, policymakers, and others. The study underscores the transformative impact of language and experiential learning, illustrating how mastering language can enrich students’ comprehension and shape their identity as aspiring agriculturists. Consequently, possessing language abilities in agricultural education is indispensable for advancing the dissemination of knowledge, promoting cross-cultural cooperation, and propelling sustainable agricultural progress. Understanding the precise linguistic imperatives and communicative necessities in the agronomic world is imperative for formulating pertinent and pragmatic language teaching regimens. Moreover, understanding and knowing the cultural facets that define the language acquisition exploits of agriculturists will yield insightful perspectives for the future professionals within the area, especially for the future graduates. Ultimately, this research seeks to furnish to the progression of foreign language tutelage in agricultural environments, refining communication prowess and expediting knowledge dissemination within the sector. Exploring the intricacies of instructing foreign languages to individuals involved in agricultural pursuits necessitates a thorough examination of the cultural elements that impact the process of acquiring a new language. Proficiency in language constitutes a critical aspect for individuals involved in agricultural pursuits, given its substantial influence on their capacity to proficiently communicate, assimilate novel methodologies, and participate in international agricultural conventions.
more abstractteaching, foreign languages, agriculturists, methods, particularities
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DownloadIMPACT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES' TERMINOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES pag. 160-170
R. PAȘCALĂU, L. ȘMULEAC, S. M. STANCIU, F. IMBREA, A. SMULEAC, L. R. STIEGELBAUER, G.D. SABĂU S. MILANCOVIC, K. HAUER, D. UNGUREANThe continuous trend of globalization connecting various regions and societies intensifies the relevance of foreign languages in different sectors, including agriculture. Linguistic variety within agriculture is deemed as a crucial element of sustainable progress and creativity. The vocabulary utilized in diverse languages contributes distinctive viewpoints and understandings regarding agricultural methods, technologies, and customs. Proficiency in comprehending and employing foreign language terms can enrich intercultural interaction, foster cooperation, and refine the sharing of knowledge and proficiency among agricultural practitioners globally. As the agricultural domain grows more interlinked and reliant, the value of adeptness in foreign languages in navigating international markets, enacting optimal strategies, and tackling worldwide challenges cannot be emphasized enough. This study aims to analyse the advantages of incorporating foreign language vocabulary in agricultural activities, elucidating the potential advantages and difficulties it presents for the agricultural community. As agrarians progressively participate in global trade and partnerships, the influence of different languages on the agricultural lexicon emerges as a pivotal factor. In the agricultural domain, the importance of terminology in foreign languages cannot be exaggerated. Due to the escalating engagement of farmers in global trade and partnerships, a profound grasp of terms in varying languages is crucial for seamless interaction and communication. This not only aids in streamlining discussions and pacts but also enriches the exchange of knowledge and novelties in agricultural methodologies. The examination concerning the impact exerted by foreign language terminology on the advancement of agricultural innovation presents itself as a complicated matter necessitating detailed scrutiny within the sphere of global agricultural practices.
more abstractterminology, impact, importance, foreign languages, agriculture, activities
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DownloadQUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE PEST HALYOMORPHA HALYS IN THE ADULT STAGE IN THE WINTERING PLACES NEAR THE FORESTS pag. 171-176
Denisa-Daliana SFÎRCULUS, Maroua DAHBI, Ioana GROZEAOne of the most present pests in the last 5-6 years in various sectors (agricultural, horticultural, forestry) is definitely the Halyomorpha halys insect from the Pentatomidae family. The insect is somewhat established in Romania, 8 years have passed since its first reporting. Mainly, it is considered a species that lives near houses and the active life of people and feeds on leaves, inflorescences and fruits from urban spaces, that's why we thought of analyzing the wintering places with more interest. In this sense, we analyzed 5 spaces (marginal strips) along the Green Forest in the city of Timisoara in order to establish number of hibernating adults, both at the beginning of winter (November) and at the end of winter (March), then in April to see if they are still present. The analyzed substrate consisted of foliage on an area of 1m2 with leaves of deciduous trees and shrubs with deciduous leaves. From the findings, we realized that the average of hibernating individuals in the samples from the spring of 2024 had limits from 6 to 12 compared to 2 to 5 in Romania of the year 2023, in all 5 places subject to observation. As such, we can assume that this, being polyphagous, has left its wintering places and headed for other places to ensure its polyphagous feeding and implicitly the damage of various crops. It is worth it, therefore, taken into consideration in the future and the possibility of easily invading vegetable sources of food.
more abstractKeywords: Halyomorpha halys, pest, forest, hibernating adults
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DownloadANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS IN COASTAL HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN OF ROMANIA, USING GIS TECHNOLOGIES pag. 177-186
Anca-Roxana STRUGARIU, Daniela-Ioana GUJU, Gabor-Giovani LUCAThe goal of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of morphometric indicators within the Coastal Hydrographic Basin of Romania, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. In the current state of the field, morphometric analysis plays a crucial role in understanding hydrological systems and environmental management, particularly in regions with unique characteristics such as Romania's coastal area. The study uses a climatic dataset to gather essential climatic information. GIS tools are then employed to systematically evaluate morphometric parameters, including aridity index, watershed divide, basin area, shape, circularity and elongation ratio, and other relevant factors, providing a detailed and spatially explicit analysis of the basin's morphometric characteristics. The results of this analysis offer valuable insights into the hydrological and environmental conditions of the coastal area. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the study, including potential constraints imposed by available datasets, which may limit the accuracy and depth of analysis. Nonetheless, the implications of the findings are significant for water resource management, environmental conservation, and sustainable development in Romania's coastal region. The study underscores the importance of integrating morphometric analysis into broader environmental management strategies and highlights the need for further research to enhance our understanding of coastal basin dynamics.
more abstractmorphometric indicators, hydrographic basin, coastal region, Geographic Information System (GIS)
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DownloadTHE USE OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS (DEMS) IN MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TERRAIN AND LAND CLASSIFICATION IN THE COASTAL BASIN OF ROMANIA pag. 187-196
Anca-Roxana STRUGARIU, Daniela-Ioana GUJU, Gabor-Giovani LUCAThis study aims to enhance the morphometric analysis of terrain and land classification in Romania's coastal basins through the advanced application of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). While DEMs are increasingly utilized worldwide for environmental mapping and analysis, their application in the Romanian context, especially for detailed geomorphological studies including flow accumulation, sink routes, and landform classification, remains underexplored. Utilizing DEMs, this research integrates Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies with statistical analyses to investigate geomorphological features such as watershed basins, specific catchment areas, the topographic position index, LS factor, plan curvature, and the topographic wetness index. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of DEMs in identifying complex terrain features and in classifying land with high accuracy, highlighting the utility of incorporating advanced morphometric parameters like geomorphons and flow directions. However, the study acknowledges limitations related to the resolution of DEMs and the necessity for ground verification. The findings have significant implications for environmental management, urban planning, and conservation, offering new insights for land use planning and disaster risk reduction in coastal regions. The relevance of this research lie in its targeted application of DEMs to the complex terrain of Romania's coastal basin, contributing significantly to the field of geomorphology by offering nuanced insights and practical methodologies for terrain analysis and land classification.
more abstractdigital elevation models (DEMs), morphometric analysis, terrain classification, coastal basin, Geographic Information System (GIS)
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DownloadTHE EFFECT OF FLORAHUMUS AND ELICE VACCINES ON THE YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SWEET POTATO pag. 197-201
Adrienn Szarvas, Botond BazánThe experiment was set up in Zákányszék on sandy soil in South Hungary. The area of the experiment is 133 m2. The experiment was set up with Orleans sweet potato variety, the two most advantageous characteristics of Orleans are high yield and the appearance sought after on the markets. We tested is there any significant difference between the control and the other three treatments (Florahumus applied to the soil, Florahumus applied to the foiliage and Elice vaccine) in the sweet potato yield and the content value (dry matter, %; crude fat, g/kg; crude protein, g/kg; crude fibre, g/kg; crude ash, g/kg). It was found that between the control and the other three treatments there was no significant differences in the content of the sweetpotatoes. There was a significant difference between the three treatments and the yield classification. The second class of tubers showed significant differences test at 5% level of significance. This means that we can have more income because we have less second classified tubers. In the future, it is recommended to set up further experiments, in which plant physiological parameters such as shade, water and soil moisture utilization should be investigated. Further nutritional studies should also be carried out to investigate how carotene content is affected by plant conditioners.
more abstractsweet potato, nutritional value, treatments
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