Vol 47, No 3 (2015)
FLORA AND VEGETATION OF ROMANIAN BANAT: AN OVERVIEW pag. 3-14
G.-G., ARSENE, Ilinca Merima IMBREA, Alma Lioara NICOLIN, Alina-Georgeta NEACȘUAbstract. The paper emphasizes as main feature of the province of Romania Banat (S-W Romania) its high diversity in vascular plant species and in plant associations. Vascular flora is composed from over 2.000 species, bellonging to diverse floristic elements (sub-Mediterranean, Pannonian, continental, Dacian, etc.). The vegetal carpet is also diverse and, in function of altitude, goes from sylvo-steppe to alpine grasslands, with many intra-zonal and azonal phytocoenosis. Protected areas (sites of community importance, especially) are numerous and covers a significant proportion of natural and semi-natural vegetation of the province. Although there are monographic studies of the flora and vegetation of geographic subunits of Banat, there are still many aspects of flora and vegetation to be elucidated and updated.
more abstractflora, vegetation, banat
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ON MOBILE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT FROM POLLUTED SOIL WITH CRUDE OIL pag. 15-22
Lavinia BURTAN 1, M. DUMITRU 1, Carmen SIRBU 1 , Nicoleta MARIN 1, T.CIOROIANU 1, Monica DUMITRAŞCUAbstract. The paper presents the interplay of the studied factors (absorbents, fertilizers, bacterial inoculum) upon the mobile phosphorus content of a soil polluted with 3% crude oil, 45 days from treatments application or 60 days from the pollution moment. The highest mobile phosphorus values were obtained in the variants fertilized with N200P200K200 mineral fertilizers against the application of 32 kg/ha Zeba absorbent; the values were also high in the variants in which the N200P200K200 mineral fertilizers were applied together with bacterial inoculum. From the applied new fertilizers AH-SG1 (potassium humates containing fertilizer in an NPK-type matrix with micro elements plus 50 g/l glucose) and AH-SG2 (potassium humates containing fertilizer in an NPK-type matrix with micro elements plus 100 g/l glucose) had the best effect on the soil mobile phosphorus level.
more abstractKey words: crude oil, bacterial inoculum, fertilizers, absorbents, mobile phosphorus
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF SOME STAGNOLUVOSOLS CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF QUERCUS CERRIS AND QUERCUS FRAINETTO STANDS FROM O.S. FĂGET, D.S. TIMIŞ pag. 23-28
I. CHISĂLIȚĂ1, L. C. DINCĂ1, Gh. SPÂRCHEZ2, A. CRĂCIUNESCU3, Dagmar VIȘOIU4Abstract. It is a well-known fact that the West part of Romania presents good climatic-edaphic conditions for the ecological requests of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto). As such, the two species offer large productions and good quality of wood. The present paper intends to analyze only the forests that belong to the hill Turkey oak - Hungarian oak stands of superior productivity types, namely 7 forest management units from 3 production units from the forest district. The main purpose of this paper is to prepare stational datasheets for these forests with a focus on the characteristics of stagnoluvosols on which these species grow in correlation with their requests. After a presentation of the climatic conditions, the edaphic conditions were studied and soil profiles were situated in each forest management plan. Samples were then gathered and analyzed. Further analyses were realized for 4 forest management plans in order to establish the potential trophicity. Ecological factors and determiners were also analyzed and were then framed on size and species favorability categories. The ecological datasheet contains the size categories and favorability categories for all the ecological factors. Their synergetic effects have as result a superior quality type of station. Even though the luvosols are considered soils with a lower trophicity, some qualities of the studied soils (such as the large physiological thickness, the very large edaphic volume, the humus percentage and distribution on horizons, the high content of total nitrogen) lead to a potentially high trophicity.
more abstractKey words: luvosols, trophicity, edaphic volume
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON SUNFLOWER SEEDS GERMINATION pag. 29-36
D. Dicu1*, P. Pîrşan1, B. Marinković2, F. Imbrea1, V. Mircov1Abstract. The goal of the paper is to valorise the benefic effect of this type of electromagnetic radiations on seed germination and, later on, on plant growth and, last but not least, on the environment, through pollution decrease. The importance of the study comes from the fact that at present, in many countries of the world, there are researches being carried on that present the beneficial effect of these radiations on numerous field crops, and in the field of plant microbiology and physiology. Research was carried out in the laboratory of „Agricultural produces quality analysis” of the Department of Agricultural technologies of the Faculty of Agriculture. The working method used in the experiment is specific to determining germinative capacity, while in the treatment of the seeds we used the generator of electromagnetic radiations. The frequencies used in the seed treatment are those in the lower frequency range of wavelength between 0 and 100 Hz. The duration was 10 minutes and sowing seeds treated realizing immediately after treatment, knowing that such treated seeds must be sown in maximum 7-10 days after making it. We monitored the effect of 7 different wave lengths on 5 sunflower hybrids compared to the control with the following measurements: germinating energy (%),4 days after treatment, germinating capacity (%) 7 days after treatment, root weight (mg) 7 days after treatment, root length (cm), 7 days after treatment, fresh root volume (g), days after treatment, length of aerial part (cm), 7 days after treatment, weight of aerial part (g), 7 days after treatment. Depending on the magnetic field of the experimental area, a certain wave length can produce a positive or negative effect, which determines the necessity of very laborious studies in order to establish wave lengths for each species (cultivar, hybrid) and the area.
more abstractKey words: electromagnetic, waves, sunflower, radiation, effect
Presentation: oral
DownloadDESCRIBING AN OWN CALCULATION PROGRAM FOR THE ORGANIC CARBON FROM SOILS (STOCS) AND ITS MAIN APPLICATIONS pag. 37-43
L. C. DINCĂAbstract. StOCS or the program for calculating the organic carbon from soils has more than one phase. In a first stage, it calculates the quantity for organic C (in g/kg) on each type of soil, then on the standard depths of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, 21-40 cm and 41-100 cm. It then calculates the total stock of organic C, differentiated on soil types. The program is extremely useful for the analysis of a large number of analytical determinations. This paper presents two applications of this program: the analysis in time of the variation of organic C stock from the same administrative area (3 forest districts at intervals of 10 years) and the analysis of the organic C stock variation in time at the level of the entire country (30 forest districts for each year of the 2000-2009 period). The program can be used for the calculation of national or regional organic carbon stocks that are required for the United Nations Convention for Climatic Changes reports or for the Kyoto Protocol reports or for the analysis of data obtained at soil monitoring inventories.
more abstractKey words: organic carbon, forest soils, bulk density, forest management plans, humus
Presentation: oral
DownloadTRUFFLES AND SOIL pag. 44-50
Maria DINCĂ, L. C. DINCĂAbstract. Truffles are micoritic mushrooms that grow on the fine roots of trees (beech, oak, hazel, hornbeam, linden etc.) They are the only mushrooms that grow below the earth’s surface. In order to harvest them, specially trained dogs are used. Furthermore, due to the fact that their fruit-body is formed in the first 10-20 cm of the soil, the soil characteristics are extremely important for determining truffle areas. This article presents the main characteristics of soils where the black truffle (Tuber aestivum), white truffle (Tuber magnatum) and black Perigord truffle (Tuber melanosporum) appear
more abstractKey words: truffles, Tuber aestivum, Tuber magnatum, Tuber melanosporum, soil, pH, CaCo3.
Presentation: oral
DownloadFOR A STRUCTURED NAME (BI OR POLYNOMINAL) pag. 51-56
N. FLOREAAbstract. In the paper a structured name for soil is proposed, namely at general level by a binominal name that shows the soil genetic (first name) acquired by soil forming process, and inherited soil side from the parent rock (second name). To this binominal name other two terms can be added, in case of detailed soil characterization, namely for soil geographic peculiarities by a term for soil facies (geozonal and geolocal), and for anthropogenic soil side by a term of soil ˮtransfigurationˮ (modification) by human activity. This soil denomination is congruent with the soil classification system. The different taxa can be included in a hierarchy of World Reference Base of Soil Resources, like in the Soil Taxonomy.
more abstractKey words: soil name, genetic side, inherited side, geographic peculiarity, anthropgenic ˮtransfiguration
Presentation: oral
DownloadMAP OF SOIL PARENT MATERIALS IN ROMANIA pag. 57-63
N. FLOREA1, Victoria MOCANU 2, Valentina COTEȚ 2, Sorina DUMITRU 2Abstract. Map of soil parent materials in Romania was made based on information contained in the 50 sheets of the the soil map at 1: 200,000 scale of the Romania's territory. This information was extracted and generalized to be drawn on a small scale map. In Romania the soil parent materials are represented in the steep region (mountains, hills) by residual materials (eluvial and deluvial) originated from consolidated compact rocks (crystalline). Usually they are less deep and frequently skeletal associated with the local outcrops of compact rocks. In the mountainous region the residual parent material resulting from hypo-mesobasic compact rocks alteration followed by those from volcanic rocks, have large spreading; those from eubasic rocks occupy relatively small areas. In the hilly region the parent materials largely distributed are those originated from clay sediments, sometimes shrinking or marly sediments. The plains and piedmonts are characterized by the predominance of loessic materials (occurring also in low plateaus) sometimes associated with sandy materials of dunes, as well as by recent and subrecent fluvial material on floodplains, terraces and divagation areas. Proluvial parent materials and marine materials have a relatively low spread, while anthropogenic and organic parent materials have an insignificant distribution. Rocks outcrops though not distinctly appear in the map legend, are quite common as inclusions in the mountainous region.
more abstractKey words: soil parent materials, map, Romania
Presentation: oral
DownloadECOPEDOLOGICAL BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND PRODUCTIVITY FROM MUREȘ-CRIȘUL ALB INTERFLUVE pag. 64-68
A. ILIUŢĂ*(**), D.ȚĂRĂU*, L.D. NIȚĂ*, I. HONDEA(**).Abstract: The paper refers to acreage of 182.080 ha of agricultural terrain. This area is situated in Western Romania and gathers 26 cadastral territories belonging to Arad County. The authors present a description of hydrological, geological, geomorphological condition diversity, which had effect on soil cover structure (comprised soil yield capacity), found to be very heterogeneous in space and time. In its activity, OSPA Arad performed numerous pedological and agrochemical studies. Research goal is the accumulation of scientific data on the chemical, physical and hydro-physical characteristics of soil necessary to support land productivity, through a complex firm approach of physical, geographical, edaphic and climatically condition, from the Mures-Crisul Alb interfluve. Following its settlement, the natural conditions (relies, lithology, hydrology, vegetation) are specific to a low subsidences plains, ramble, an build, where they formed and evolved main types of soils who reflected by their morphological, biological, chemical proprieties the main characteristics of landscape defining and determining for the growth and fruition of the main cultivated plants. This paper provides basic knowledge and methodological elements for evaluation and characterization af the natural and man-modified resources, in the hope that the information presented will pique the interest of decision maker in the near future so that agricultural research and practice, with environmental protection, strive to develop interdisciplinary studies, not being able to talk about a healthy environment without a healthy soil.
more abstractKey words: factor, edaphic, resources, productive
Presentation: oral
DownloadGROWTH OF SOME PASTURE PLANTS ON A COMPOSITE NUTRITIVE LAYER WITH RED MUD pag. 69-78
R. LĂCĂTUŞU1, Mihaela Venera STROE1, Mihaela Monica STANCIU-BURILEANU1, Mihaela LUNGU1, T. MARUŞCA2, Nineta RIZEA1, Rodica LAZĂR1, L. FILIPESCU3Abstract. In order to cover with vegetation the red mud deposition from Tulcea tests with pasture plants have been carried out, in the climate maintenance room. The composite nutritive layer on which the plants were grown consisted of red mud (50%) and phosphogypsum, acid peat, sawdust, compost, and sludge from wastewater treatment, 10% each. In another variant the phosphogypsum and compost percentages were changed, at 5, respectively 15%. Out of the four plant species tested, Lolium perene had the best growth, highlighted both as height and weight. Phleum pratense, Dactys glomerata and Lotus corniculatus followed, in decreasing order. The composite material on which the pasture plants developed had a slightly alkaline reaction and a high organic carbon, total nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium, copper, zinc, cadmium, and chromium contents, and also an advanced salinization, in which natrum sulphate (Na2SO4) predominates. In the dry matter of the plants normal contents of macro elements were determined, except for natrium (Na), which average content was eight times higher than the right limit of the normal content interval. The contents of metallic microelements and heavy metals laid in the normal values area, except for zinc (Zn), which values were twofold the zinc content of plants grown on a normal soil (control variant).
more abstractKey words: red mud, nutritive layer, pasture plants
Presentation: oral
DownloadACTUAL SOIL FERTILITY IN VEGETABLE PLASTIC HOUSES pag. 79-96
V.LĂCĂTUŞ, Luminiţa Nicoleta CÂRSTEAAbstract. The paper refers to a random survey, conducted in 11 Counties, important in vegetables growing in Romania, and around Bucharest, regarding to the actual fertility status of plastic house soils cultivated with vegetables. The study was conducted during the period 2002-2012, and a total of 493 of soil samples on the depth of 0-30 cm, were analysed. It was found a relatively increasing trend of fertility until 2009, after which the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water-soluble forms, have fallen. Mean values revealed a normal concentration with nitrogen (94 mg•kg-1) and medium for potassium (104 mg•kg-1), with a good content of organic matter (OM = 8.8 %). Water solubil phosphorus concentration was medium (17 mg•kg-1), on a medium textured soils. Also were calculated some significant correlations between soil pH and hydrosoluble phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen. Significated correlation coeficients were found between salt concentration and water soluble forms of N-NO3, K and Na. On the basis the plastic house soil contents of N, P and K (water-soluble forms), average fertility status of soils in our plastic houses cultivated with vegetables, crop structure in 2 cycles (early spring tomatoes and autumn cucumbers) or in one extended cycle (sweet peppers and aubergines), a total taken up of major elements and the average coefficients of fertilizers use, it was calculated an aproximative necessary of active ingredient for an area of about 7,500 hectares of plastic houses (the year 2014) namely: N 2,145 t, P2O5 1,425 t and K2O 4,425 t. This means a consumption of N, P2O5 and K2O, of 286, 190 and respectively 595 kg•ha-1•year-1.
more abstractKey words: plastic houses, actual soil fertility, agrochemical correlations, aproximative necessary of NPK.
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF WATER SOURCE FOR PREPARING THE NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS USED FOR CUCUMBERS IRRIGATION IN HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSE pag. 97-101
Rodica LAZĂR, R. LĂCĂTUŞU, Nineta RIZEAAbstract Modern greenhouses are using, today, hydroponic systems with the latest technology. Temperature, ventilation and amount of fertilizer are computer controlled, the works in green and cucumbers harvesting are only manually operations performed. However, sometimes during the growing season on plants, acts, with depressive effects, some water sources insufficient controlled. So, in hydroponic greenhouse are some essential factors that contribute to the growth and plant development and is necessary to be constantly monitored. The paper presents the influence on the cucumber plants of the irrigation water quality, coming from deep drilling and from melted snow and collected in special tanks.
more abstractKey words: cucumber plants, irrigation water, greenhouse
Presentation: oral
DownloadAGRICULTURAL SOIL QUALITY MONITORING IN WEST REGION pag. 102-111
Alexandrina MANEA1, M. DUMITRU 1, Irina CALCIU1Abstract:. On the whole agricultural land of West Region, the agricultural monitoring system of level I (16x16 km) totalizes 89 sites. Every site was characterised from morfologic, physical (particle size distribution, structural instability index, the degree of compaction, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration), hydro-physical (wilting coefficient, field water capacity, useful water capacity, total water capacity, maximum transfer capacity) and chemical (soil reaction, soil percentage base saturation at pH8.3, humus content, total nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium) characteristics. Distribution of monitoring plots by land use shows the most plots are found on arable land (56%) followed by grassland (28%), meadows (14.6%) ad orchards – 1%. At this region level, 9 classes are found from the whole 12 existent classes and 15 of the 32 soil types listed in SRTS, 2012. Compared with soils identified at national level (Dumitru et al., 2011), soil diversity is lower.
more abstractKey words: soil, monitoring, agricultural, West, region
Presentation: oral
DownloadMICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN RHIZOSPHERE OF HORTICULTURAL PLANTS CULTIVATED ON VARIOUS GROWTH SUBSTRATES IN GREENHOUSE pag. 112-121
Gabi-Mirela MATEI(1),) S.MATEI(1) , Elena Maria DRĂGHICI(2Abstract: The goal of the present paper was to present microbial aspects in rhizosphere of four horticultural plants grown on various substrates based on use of perlite and its combinations with peat, as easily biodegradable material and to reveal the interrelations between natural antagonists and potential plant pathogenic species. A better control of pathogens developed in greenhouse, due to the ease of perlite substrate disinfection and its recycling was signaled as beneficial for yields and its quality, with cost benefits and important advantages for the health of consumers. Samples from rhizosphere of tomato, pepper, cucumber and lettuce plants cultivated in soilless systems on substrates from perlite or perlite-peat mixture were analyzed from a microbiological point of view comparatively with non-cultivated substrates for assessing the bacterial and fungal density and taxonomic composition of community. Peat-perlite substrate was more favorable to bacterial microflora than perlite alone, with highest values in the rhizosphere of pepper plants. Cucumber roots found good aeration conditions in the perlite from nutritive mattresses and its exudates stimulated the increase of microbial community number and diversity more than in pepper or tomato rhizosphere. Microbial counts and global physiological activity were determined in lettuce rhizosphere cultivated on perlite-peat mixt substrate and showed doubled values comparatively with samples from extra-radicular substrate in mattress. Dominant rhizosphere fungal species belonged to genera Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus and bacteria to genera Psedomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, both accompanied sometimes by actinomycetes. The existence of antagonistic species (e.g. Trichoderma viride strains D2, D6 and D11 with proved in vitro effect on the pathogenic isolates of Fusarium and Penicillium) indicated a good relationship antagonist-pathogen in rhizosphere of horticultural plants. The possibilities of biological control of pathogens by natural antagonists, beneficial influence of plant root exudates and rhizosphere effect similar to soil conditions recommend perlite-based substrates as environmental friendly for using in greenhouse soilless systems for horticultural plants.
more abstractKey words: perlite, rhizosphere, antagonism, Trichoderma, growth substrate
Presentation: oral
DownloadUTILIZATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND EXTRACELLULAR COMPOUNDS IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FUNGAL SPECIES pag. 122-132
S.MATEI(1) , A.MATEI(2), Gabi-Mirela MATEI(1), Călina Petruța CORNEA(2Abstract: The goal of the present paper was to present the results of the research carried out for selecting efficient bacterial strains against fungal contaminants of vegetal products, to investigate the possibilities to use selected strains and their extracellular compounds in local control of pathogenic or spoilage fungi, as well as the interactions between lactic acid bacteria with antifungal effect and target fungi. Recent research attests the effect of lactic acid bacteria by producing antagonist compounds able to control pathogenic fungi (lactic, acetic, phenyl-lactic, cyclic dipeptides, reuterin, biosurfactants). Lactic acid bacteria selected from various plant materials or traditional Romanian foods were tested for their antagonistic effect on the mycotoxigenic fungal contaminants of fresh and processed fruits or vegetables. In vitro antagonistic activity of 9 lactic acid bacterial strains was assayed against 5 fungal isolates from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus by double layer method on solid media and by co-cultivation in liquid media. In vivo assay of antifungal effect of two efficient LAB strains as biocontrol agents for apple rot was carried out. Lactic acid bacteria strains LAB 13, LAB 15, LAB 43, LAB 58 presented highly effective antifungal activity, comparably to the reference strains Lpl and Lpa, against pathogenic and spoilage fungal isolates. Antifungal effect of the selected strains revealed by optical microscopy, evidenced structural damages of the hyphae, conidiophores and induced sporulation delays. Among lactic acid bacteria with antifungal activity, the strain LAB 58 presented the highest emulsification ability by releasing biosurfactants with anionic charge, with anti-biofilm effect. Wounded apples treated experimentally with strains LAB 58 and LAB13 and exposed to Penicillium expansum spore suspension developed smaller infection spots comparatively with non treated control. Data obtained from in vitro and in vivo assays were similar, confirming the reliability of results and the antifungal activity of LAB strains and their exometabolites, with the posibility to be utilized as biopreservatives for fruits.
more abstractKey words: lactic acid bacteria, pathogenic fungi, antagonistic effect, inhibition zone, biopreservation
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ORCHARDS IN THE CHERNOZEMS OF THE EASTERN PART OF DOBROGEA pag. 133-141
C. PĂLTINEANU1, Leinar SEPTAR2, Irina CALCIU1, Olga VIZITIU1, Mihaela LUNGU1Abstract . The calcaric chernozems from orchards in the eastern part of Dobrogea were less studied by now from the view point of soil physical properties. The purpose of this paper is therefore to show the physical state of the chernozems from the eastern part of Dobrogea as effect of the specific orchard tillage practices after a few decades of intensive activity. Soil samples were taken from both between tree rows (ITR) and in the rows (IR). It was found that soil physical properties worsened in ITR versus IR, and this was attributed to the compaction caused by the specific fruit growing technological traffic. Bulk density (BD), macroporosity (P50), resistance to penetration (RP) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) showed significant differences between ITR and IR in some soil layers. The soil compaction degree (GT) values revealed the fact that only the upper part of the soil profiles having direct or close contact with the agricultural machinery and tractors underwent a moderate soil compaction. The present practical recommendations for orchard establishing for a large area of more clayey and compacted soils from the hilly regions of Romania were to plow deeply the soils at 0.5-0.6 m depth. Having done this way in the cherozems of Dobrogea, it would bring carbonates upper and humus and the nutrients deeper in the soil, and would also change the chemical reaction towards alkalinization in the Am layers, where most of the tree roots exist. Deep plowing would also cut additionally the soil structural elements and would worsen the soil structure as well. In order to improve the physical state of the chernozems of Dobrogea it is recommended to deep loosen the soil at the end of orchard life from the reasons of clearing the soil, and also to penetrate the compacted soil layers without overturning the soil, followed by cropping some ameliorative plants like alfalfa, peas or other such crop for a few years. When new orchards are established, the fruit tree rows (IR) should be placed over ITR positions and vice versa, if possible, to alleviate the soil fatigue.
more abstractKey words: inter-row, in-row, soil compaction, bulk density
Presentation: oral
DownloadORGANIC MATTER IN BANAT SOILS pag. 142-147
Gh. ROGOBETE1, D. ŢĂRĂU2, D. DICU2, Adia GROZAV1Abstract Soil organic matter, in its usual sense,is the totality of organic components of the solid phase consisting of both non-humic substances and humus,other than the undecayed plant and animal residues. A typical agricultural soil may contain between 1 and 5% organic matter in the top 15 cm. The greatest content of humus , in the territory Sânandrei there are in the Gleysols (3.72% ) Solonetz ( 3.63% ) and Phaeozems ( 3.41% ). A typical agricultural soil may contain between 1 and 5% organic matter in the top 15 cm. The dead plant material of lignocelluloses with an average composition of 15-60% cellulose,10-30% hemicelluloses,5-30% lignin and 12-50% protein. Almost 95% of total soil N is associated with soil organic matter. Humus is a mixture af dark-coloured amorphous and colloidal substances made up of strictly humic subtances, of products of the advanced decomposition of organic residues and of microbial biomass. The study is based on soil survey report effectuated by OPSA Timișoara or in doctorate thesis. The greates values for Humus and N content are in the Phaeozems, Vertisols and Chernozems. The C/N ratio determines the rates at which N and C are released and mineral N becomes available for plant uptake. In the case of Uivar territory the maximum value for humus content is at Vertisols (3.74% ) and Phaeozems ( 3.72% ) , and the minimum for Fluvisols ( 2.59% ). It can be noticed that in soil types from plain region, like as Chernozems, Vertisols and Solonetz, prevails humic acids and the ration of NA/FA is over 1. In the soil type from the hilly region – Dealurile Lipovei and mountain region – Muntele Mic, prevails fluvic acids and the NA/FA ratio is under 1.
more abstractKey words: soil, organic matter, carbon, humus acids
Presentation: oral
DownloadORGANIC FARMING MEASURE AND THE CONNECTED COMPENSATORY PAYMENTS IN ROMANIA: PRE-PUBLICATION EVALUATION TRACK-RECORD pag. 148-154
S.L. ŞTEFĂNESCU1), MONICA DUMITRAŞCU1), K.M. ORTNER2), G.A. VRÎNCEANU1)Abstract. For the programming period 2014-2020, the European Commission established a specific voluntary Organic farming measure, recognizing the importance of organic farming in contributing to various rural development objectives and priorities. As a result, high expectations have been raised among Romanian organic farmers for the provisions of the new National Rural Development Program, with regard to an even more consistent support of the organic sector. The final version of the new program (including the Measure 11 “Organic Farming”), was submitted to the Commission in April 2015 and received the Conformity Letter in May 2015. The paper outlines the major results of the stakeholders’ ongoing evaluation and recommendation for improvement of the measure fiche and the calculation of the compensatory payments, partially undertaken based on the inputs provided by the stakeholders within the frame of National Rural Development Network organized events, before the official published announcement of the Program approval. During the evaluation, certain suggestions for improvements of the initial version came out regarding the application of degressivity, the avoidance of double funding of practices corresponding to the application of “greening” standards and the inclusion of support for organic farmed grasslands. Given that rural development support for organic farming has increased in the present period, the Commission recommended that Romania should set in place the necessary systems to collect and reinforce data on the Romanian situation for any future revision of the aid calculations under the Organic farming measure.
more abstractKey words: organic farming, rural development, compensatory payments, greening standards
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ISSUE OF SOIL ACIDIFICATION UNDER ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES: A CRITICAL VIEW pag. 155-162
S.L. ŞTEFĂNESCU 1, Mihaela LUNGU 1, Monica DUMITRAŞCU 1, L.STOIANAbstract. An agrochemical assessment of the soils fertility under organic farming practices has been performed in The Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing in Bacău. Fertility parameters, including soil pH, varied very little along the fifteen years of organic trials. The results oppose other findings recently published on an investigation carried in Romania revealing that soil acidification is a reality of organic farming. There are plenty of important papers that give a better insight of the effect that certified organic practices have on soils. Yet, the advocates of soil acidification induced by organic farming practices have used references that cannot back the conclusion that soil acidification is a common pattern in organic farming. Generalizing that organic farming leads to soil acidification does not make sense. Moreover, the statement made that it makes scientific and practical sense to use the pH as indicator of organic management of the soils is based on local findings only and should not be considered as a reliable proposal. The present paper findings stands for the already recognized environmental benefits of the organic farming carried under a proper management.
more abstractKey words: soil, pH, acidification, organic farming
Presentation: oral
DownloadFEATURES OF SOIL COVER IN DIFFERENT TERROIR UNITS FROM ROMANIA pag. 163-172
M. TOTI, P. IGNAT, Valentina VOICU, Victoria MOCANU, Anca-Luiza STĂNILĂAbstract. This paper presents the physical characteristics of the soils in different terroir units from Romania it is a guide for soil characterization as a fundamental factor of a terroir. The soil's physical characteristics (texture, edaphic useful volume, gleyzation and stagnogleyzation processes), are ecological factors in the growth and development of the production of vine. Contents of clay < 0,002 mm, soil reaction and CaCO3 content are the main characteristics which influence plant, and they together with the processes generated by ground and stagnant water give rise to asphyxiation chlorosis ferro-calcium and salinization.
more abstractKey words: terroir, ecopedological factors of terroir, chlorosis, active CaCO3 content, vine, edaphic useful volume
Presentation: oral
DownloadMETHOD OF CORRELATION OF THE CURRENT ROMANIAN SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM SRTS-2012 WITH THE PREVIOUS SYSTEMS SRCS-1980 AND SRTS-2003. THE SRTS-2012+ SYSTEM pag. 173-184
V. VLAD1, N. FLOREA1, M. TOTI1, Victoria MOCANU1Abstract. The soil classification system SRTS-2012, in use in Romania since 2013, was made correlated with the previous most recent two systems – SRCS-1980 (used in the period 1980-2002) and SRTS-2003 (used in the period 2003-2012). For that correlation, related to the diagnostic and taxonomic elements (terms) existing in SRTS-2012, some new terms and some modified terms were defined. In order to obtain accurate translation of the terms of the previous systems, three ways were used: (i) previous systems' terms having corresponding current system terms with negligible definition differences are directly translated into these corresponding standard SRTS-2012 terms, (ii) previous systems' terms having corresponding current system terms with non-negligible definition differences are translated into "modified" SRTS-2012 terms (variants of the corresponding terms) and (iii) previous systems' terms without appropriate corresponding current system terms are translated into new-defined terms. The previous systems' terms may be translated into one corresponding term or into a combination of terms, respectively a soil described in a previous system may be translated into a soil association. The opportunity of that correlation was used to introduce new terms for other needs: description of the "land conditions" (relief, hydrology and climate) and "association modes" (frequency, weighting) of soils, description of the "non-soil" areas to be represented on soil maps and other soil characterisations. A notation (specialised language) for mnemonic formalised description of soils is used to provide clear and unambiguous term translation and soil association definition. For that, mnemonic symbols (suggestive abbreviations easy to remember) are defined for each term. The SRTS-2012 soil classification system supplemented with the modified terms and the new terms defined as above (of which the main are given in the paper) is referred as the "SRTS-2012+" soil classification system, which totally has the following structure of diagnostic and taxonomic elements: 65 diagnostic horizons, 24 diagnostic properties, 11 diagnostic parent materials, 12 soil classes, one class of non-soils, 38 soil types, five non-soil types, 117 soil qualifiers, 13 non-soil qualifiers, 14 specifiers for soil characteristics, 61 soil particular characteristics and 306 other low level qualifiers (for defining the varieties, species, families, variants, land conditions and association modes of soils and non-soils).
more abstractKey words: soil classification, soil taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil classification system correlation, Romania
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS AND ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES (HCH AND DDT) IN AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SITES (16X16 KM) FROM THE WEST REGION pag. 185-191
Alexandrina MANEA1, Nicoleta VRINCEANU1, Mihaela PREDA1Abstract: Soil loading of with heavy metals and organochlorile insecticedes pose a risk to the environment and therefore their monitoring is required. Land angricultural monitoring system, level I (16x16 greed), in West Region include 89 sites. In the top soil samples of these sites were determined, also, the contents of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Mn) and organochlorine insecticides (HCH and DDT). Most of studied elements have maximum values below alert threshold for sensitive use. Except, Cd and DDT with values belong to normal value class. The contents of heavy metals and organochlorile insecticedes (DDT and HCH) were presented according to land uses, soil classes, soil types, textural classes, soil reaction classes and humus content. The variation of heavy metal contents according to soil classes reveals highest values of Cu, Co, Ni, Mn on Protisols and Anthrisols, of Pb on Podzols, of Zn on Solonetz, of Cd on Vertisols. The lowest values of Cu, Zn, Cd were recorded on Luvisols and in case of Ni, Mn on Podzols. Generally, the values of these elements are lower compared to the obtained contents at the national level.
more abstractKey words: soil, monitoring, heavy metals, HCH, DDT
Presentation: oral
DownloadVEGETAL COMUNITIES FROM THE CLASS ISOËTO-NANOJUNCETEA BR.-BL. ET TX. 1943 FROM BANAT pag. 192-201
Alina, NEACȘU, G.-G., ARSENEAbstract: The paper describes some phytocoenoses from the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943 class, exemplified by Mentha pulegium L. and Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn., from two protected areals from Timiș county, the Surduc lake and the Murani-Pișchia Marshes. Our samplings were carried out during summer 2011, during the period when these vegetal communities displayed maximum occurrence. One can find a number of 50 species in the synthetic table, with an average of 13.5 species / lot, at Surduc and 16.25, at Murani. The characteristic species nucleus agrees with the data found in specialty literature (COLDEA, 1997, SANDA et al., 2008). A number of 28 species from our list can also be found in the national synthesis comprised by COLDEA (1997). We consider these phytocoenoses important for the overall humid area biodiversity, for the preservation of some species (e.g. Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox, species from Annex II of the Directive 92/43/CEE, identified in the Surduc phytocoenoses) and in the vegetation dynamics process, since they represent pioneering stages and depend on the flooding of the ground they occupy. What is more, the two lakes suffer water level oscillations and undergo high anthropic pressure, which determines an uncertain existence for these communities.
more abstractKey words: humid depressions, pioneering vegetation, Mentha pulegium L., Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn., Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox, protected areas
Presentation: oral
DownloadQUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS, USED IN DETERMNING QUALITY OF MOUNTAIN AND PRE-MOUNTAIN EUROPEAN BEECH FOREST SITES, SITUATED ON EUTRIC CAMBISOLS FROM BARAOLT AND BODOC MOUNTAINS pag. 202-211
G. SPÂRCHEZ, O. N. APARASCHIVEI, Raluca-Elena ENESCUAbstract: Based on field observations and laboratory analyzes performed on 10 soil profiles of the type eutric cambisol were determined the main ecological indicators which determine forest site quality of mountain and pre-mountain European beech stand from Bodoc and Baraolt Mountains. Is found that the edaphic volume and soil trophicity are the main ecological indicators which condition forest site quality
more abstractKey words: forest site, trophicity, site quality
Presentation: oral
DownloadEVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT BACTERIAL STRAINS ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOSPHERE OF PLANTS FOR FURTHER USE IN PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION pag. 212-215
Renata Maria ŞUMĂLAN 1*, R.L. SUMALAN1, Jean C. YVIN2, Ersilia ALEXA1, Isidora RADULOV 1, Carmen BEINSAN1Abstract. In concordance with the application of environmental-friendly technologies to exploit the natural potential of plants it is necessary to have a deeply knowledge about relations between plant, their natural habitat and microorganisms from rhizosphere. In the last years researchers highlighted the importance of rhizosphere microorganisms in increase of plant fitness by different mechanism: providing a better nutrition of plant, producing plant growth regulators such phytohormone, ensuring protection of the roots of plant from pathogen attack. Our study followed to isolate bacterial strains from rhizosphere of canola (Bassica rape) and nettle (Urtica dioica) and testing their capacities in promoting the growth of wheat plants As a 6 total strains, 4 were isolated from canola and 2 from the nettle that have proven high frequency of appearances on media plates. The pure isolated strains, were tested for support of germination of wheat kernels, plant growth promoting and proven of traits to production of the indoleacetic acid (IAA). For screening of isolates for the production of IAA were used Salkowski regent. The results have revealed significant differences compared to the control in terms of wheat seed germination for strains R-IV, R-III, R-I, U-I. The bacterial strains U II and RI were highlighted in sustaining plant growth through the accumulation of dry matter and production of IAA.
more abstractKeywords: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, IAA, rhizosphere
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOME MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SUNFLOWER CROP, ON A TYPICAL CHERNOZEM FROM THE AREA OF LOCALITY SLOBOZIA NOUA, IALOMITA COUNTY pag. 216-222
Liliana PANAITESCU1, Simona-Mariana PRICOP1, Elena MUNTEANU1,2, Simona NIȚĂ3Abstract. In recent years, Romanian farmers had the opportunity to use in the culture the most modern creations of the researches from genetics and plant breeding domains, but also from the field of plant protection. In the paper is presented the behavior of some sunflower hybrids, newly introduced into the culture in Romania, under the conditions of Muntenia Plain. The experience was conducted in the farm I.I. Visan Daniela Elena, locality Slobozia Noua, Ialomita County. There were tested under field conditions two semi-early sunflower hybrids, existing from a short time in The Official Catalogue of the culture plants from Romania, on a typical chernozem soil type. In the paper is presented the culture technology applied to both sunflower hybrids, with reference to preliminary plant, administration of fertilizers, the applied soil tillage. Also, it was tested in the field a variant of technology concerning the culture protection against diseases and pests. Together with these elements, the authors tested under field conditions a variant of technology regarding the control of weeds.In order to accentuate the behavior of the two hybrids, we effectuated the following determinations: plants height, head diameter, weight of the whole plants, weight of heads with seeds, weight of heads without seeds, weight of seeds from the head, weight of 1,000 kernels. Considering that the surface cultivated with sunflower in Romania in 2013 was over 1 million hectares, and the average yield on the country was 2,000.5 kg/ha, the modern technology applied and the hybrids that are used may constitute a starting point for the farmers who want to implement in the production the modern technologies and sunflower hybrids tested in the present paperwork.
more abstractKey words: sunflower hybrids, modern technologies, semi-early hybrid
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE MANIFESTATION OF THE PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) MONOCULTURE ON A TYPICAL CHERNOZEM, WITH SOME FAO 300-400 GROUP HYBRIDS pag. 223-231
Liliana PANAITESCU1, Simona-Mariana PRICOP1, Daniela VIȘAN1, Simona NIȚĂ2, R. Panaitescu3Abstract. One of the most important food resources for humans, as well as animals, is the corn. By knowing the control mechanisms for certain corn plant characteristics and traits, new hybrids were created, whose genetic base insures a higher productivity capacity, as well as higher quality traits, genetically resistant to the attack of some pests or other pathogenic agents. A special important role in the corn crop is attributed to zoning and micro-zoning proper for the hybrids, as well as the cultivation technology. Although the importance of crop rotation and cropping system are known, progress in the weed control and fertilization field, and the scientific research carried out in our country determined the authors to test the manifestation of productive potential in some corn hybrids, under monoculture conditions. Two corn hybrids pertaining to the FAO 300-400 maturity group were selected for the study, on a typical chernozem from the Slobozia locality area, in the Ialomita county. Monoculture advantages, allowing for farmer specialization in a single culture and the use of a proper machine set to do so, have encouraged many corn cultivators from America, Canada and, later on, Europe to practice this system. In the experimental year 2014, under agro-pedological-climatic conditions from Baragan Plain, localty Slobozia, farm I.I. Vișan Daniela Elena, hybrid Bonito registered on average 300 g the weight of kernels from the cob and hybrid NK Cobalt had the weight kernels from the cob of 360 g. After laboratory analysis, the weight of 1,000 kernels at hybrid Bonito was 337 g, and at hybrid NK Cobalt was registered the value of 348 g for the weight of 1,000 kernels. In the experimentation year 2014, hybrid Bonito registered a yield of 9,000 kg/ha, while the hybrid NK Cobalt obtained a yield of 8,500 kg/ha, both cultivated under non-irrigated regime, in the agro-pedological-climate conditions of Baragan Plain, locality Slobozia, the farm I.I. Vișan Daniela Elena. Still, long term research has shown that practicing a monoculture for a several years has unfavourable effects on soil characteristics as well as on production
more abstractKey words: corn hybrids, maturity group, monoculture
Presentation: oral
DownloadPEDO-ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN TIMISOARA pag. 232-238
D. DICU1(3), D. ŢĂRĂU1(3), Gh. ROGOBETE2Abstract: Timişoara, attested between 1000-1200 AD, is located in the lower subsidence plains of Timis, the alluvial material very diverse, from sand to clay, transported and re-transported by the changing courses of Timis and Bega Veche rivers. The area had until draining after 1716 AD large areas of marsh. The human impact has caused the emergence in the current area of Timisoara soil classes of Tehnosols and Anthrosols. Urban soils from Timisoara area and suburban area are strongly influenced by the human work. These soils are used for numerous purposes, including construction, industrial activities and transport, farming and parks, urban activities. The transformation in these soils can occur in a very short time, sometimes in just a few days, such as when making excavations for foundations, adding land leveling, construction to recreate the landscape. Soil samples were collected from Timisoara, Saint George Square in 2014, the area has been brought to the surface through archaeological work of the Banat Museum, part of what was the Grand Mosque which functioned until the end 1716. The physic-chemical analyzes of the samples were made by OSPA-USAMVBT testing laboratory in Timisoara. According to SRTS-2012, the analyses soil is an Tehnosol proxy-antro-placic-urbic. The layer of soil to a depth of 435-475 cm corresponds with foundation construction works brought to the surface through refurbishment of Timisoara. Alluvial nature of the materials that make up Tehnosolul from Square St. George is expressed by varying textures, the textures alternating silt, clay, loam to sandy-loam, clay content ranges from 22.1% to 49.8%.The most important features that highlight the strong anthropogenic influence are very high to excessive contents of phosphorus and potassium, particularly in the 260-300 cm layer. In this layer, mobile phosphorus levels are 175.89 ppm and potassium contents value of 2521 ppm.
more abstractKeywords: organic matter, excess phosphorus, potassium, copper
Presentation: oral
DownloadECOPEDOLOGICAL RESOURCES FROM BANAT AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR THE MAIN AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND TREE SPECIES pag. 239-245
D. ŢĂRĂU1(3), Gh. ROGOBETE2, Gh. DAVID 1, D. DICU1(3)Abstract: The existence and economic development of any society, regardless of its type, is unimaginable outside material resources of the biosphere that have owned and have a weight determined by the progress of society, the primary issue at the beginning of the XXI se¬col is to ensure agricultural production at an level asked the explosive growth of world population. In this sense, the knowledge of ecopedological resources should be one more intensely imperative of modern agriculture that turns soils (fertilization and improvements as well different ways), and plants (creation of new varieties and hybrids). The paper provides the basic knowledge and methodological elements for inventory, classification and assessment of ecopedological resources for their sustainable use integrating itself in the wider complex study of natural resources and to realize them with the environment protection at a time when It is felt the need to educate society about the importance of soil as the basis of existence of human community, and support component of terrestrial ecosystems. In this context the purpose of research undertaken is the collection, processing and interpretation of soil information for evaluating the quality of cover soil and its origins in preoccupations scientific and practical today's increasingly hard to identify and put in place an integrated management of agro-ecosystems, environmental for soil and environment conservation. The subject is the land situated between Mures (north), the mountain Poiana Rusca, Ţarcu, Godeanu, Cerna and Mehedinti (east), the Danube (south) and the state border with Serbia (southwest) and Hungary (northwest) or soils identified in that area. They were studied in relation to environmental factors, natural and modified by man, which determines existence, together forming units of homogeneous ecological area (TEO) with specific suitability and different technological requirements, placing the work in current concerns of agricultural research and practice at national and international level for the study of relations between ecopedological conditions and productivity of farmland.
more abstractKey words: resource, Banat, soil, crop, agriculture
Presentation: oral
DownloadCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA L. AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L. ESSENTIAL OILS CULTIVATED IN WEST ROMANIA pag. 246-253
A. Tomescu 1*, C. Rus1, Georgeta Pop1, Ersilia Alexa1, Renata Șumălan1, Dana Copolovici2, Monica Negrea1Abstract. Lavandula angustifolia L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. represent plants of interest in Romania widely used in phytotherapy, cosmetics and food industry. The aim of this paper is to study the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) of Lavandula angustifolia andRosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in west Romania. Chemical composition of the EO was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The results highlightes that linalool was the major compound in Lavandula angustifolia EOs (33.77-43.32%), while in Rosmarinus officinalis L.alfa-pinene was the most prelevant constituent (48.589%), followed by eucaliptol (16.252%).
more abstractKey words: Lavandula angustifolia L., Rosmarinus officinalisL. Essential oils EO, GC/MS
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE USE OF LEARNING MATERIALS AND MEANS IN BIOLOGY STUDIE pag. 254-259
Narcisa Georgeta CRISTA1, Iasmina Cecilia SAVESCU1When studying biology, in order to acquire biologic concepts, principles, theories, laws, as well as field specific methodologies, the use of diverse learning materials and means is recommended, necessary for building biology specific general and specific competencies. This paper aims to highlight the importance of using didactic materials and means during the teaching-learning-assessing process, as well as the ways to capitalize and integrate them in the lesson. We also analyze a way to manage the material resources in biologic disciplines, useful for teachers at pre-academic as well as academic level
more abstractdidactic material, learning means, general competencies, specific competencies, didactic design
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE USE OF CONCEPTUAL MAPS IN ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED IN BIOLOGIC DISCIPLINES pag. 260-263
Narcisa Georgeta CRISTA1, Iasmina Cecilia SAVESCU1The paper at hand presents the research results regarding the use of conceptual maps in the study of biology. We discuss methodological aspects when applying the conceptual map method in teaching-learning-assessing the biology discipline, existing in specialty literature. We also analyze the results of student assessment at specialty disciplines with the help of conceptual maps, as well as their opinion on how to use the method in biology studies. The results of student knowledge assessment at specialty disciplines demonstrate the fact that the use of conceptual maps in student assessment contributes to knowledge consolidation, insuring a better understanding of the field’s concepts.
more abstractconstructive learning, conceptual map, assessment, biologic concepts, didactic methodology
Presentation: poster
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