Vol 54, No 3 (2022)
CURRENT MEASURES TO COMBAT SEGETAL SPECIES IN THE AUTUMN WHEAT CROP pag. 3-11
Denisa Maria AIOANEI1, D. N. MANEA1, Anișoara Aurelia IENCIU1Due to the agricultural and economic importance of wheat, there is an ongoing concern to study the impact of weeds on wheat production (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A2u, https://www.scribd.com/doc/77393966/graul,http://www.fao.org/statistics/en/,https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Agriculture). In this context, the researches that are the subject of this work aimed to establish the most effective current means of chemical control of weeds in autumn wheat crops, with direct effects on production results. The research was made within the company SC Prodagro Vest SRL from Arad, during two years: 2021 and 2022, being tested a number of 11 post-emergent herbicides to combat weeds in the wheat crop, in order to reduce the degree of weeding, the cost per the product unit and, by default, the increase in productivity. The placement of the experimental field for combating weeds in the wheat crop was done according to the randomized block method, being a monofactorial experiment, with 12 variants, in four repetitions. In the first year of research, 2021, in the non-herbicized control variant, 67.5 weeds/m2 were recorded, and in the second year, 2022, were present 54.7 weeds/m2. The most effective weed control, over 90%, was recorded in the variants: V6 - aminopyralid 30% + florasulam 15% - 33 g/ha, V2 - 2,4-D acid 300 g/l + florasulam 6.25 g/l – 0.6 l/ha and V9 – tribenuron – methyl 600 g/kg + florasulam 200 g/kg – 25 g/ha., in 2021, respectively V9 in 2022. There were no obvious symptoms of toxicity in cultivated plants, as a result of the application of the herbicide products in the experiments. The level of wheat production was determined by the climatic conditions, but also by the effectiveness of herbicides in combating the present segetal species.
more abstractherbicides, weeds, wheat, production, variants
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DownloadTOPO-CADASTRAL WORKS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT IN THE VILLAGE OF TOMNATIC pag. 20-28
Andra ARBĂNAȘ, Larisa IVU, C. BÂRLIBA, Livia Luminița BÂRLIBAThis scientific work seeks to highlight the complexity of the sporadic cadastre and it’s importance. Each cadastral work requires passion to be able to understand each individual case, patience and dedication in relations with the beneficiaries, and not in the end attention to each detail, no matter how small, it can make a big difference. Building works are among the most delicate works, because here you can encounter all kinds of complications, a little inattention and the work cannot be completed, that is why in this work I have described every aspect of this kind of work, from the presentation of materials and methods with the help of which the work was carried out, up to the stage of measurements and the documentation part, each stage is described in detail, from the way in which the measurements were made and the method used, to the way in which the necessary documents were obtained and their submission. The complexity of the work was not as great as we would have expected, given that the part of the documents was quite extensive, a lot of opinions from public institutions, fortunately we had understanding and help from both officials, but also from the beneficiary who was prompt to our every request.
more abstractSporadic Cadastre, Building, Marking, Documentation, Plans
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DownloadA REVIEW OF THE SIX-DENTATE BARK BEETLES (PITYOGENES CHALCOGRAPHUS: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE) ATTACK ON PINE TREES IN ROMANIA AND SPAIN. pag. 29-33
R. BRAVO ACEITUNO1, E. POPESCU2, Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU3*, Ioana GROZEA3Pityogenes chalcographus is among the most frequent species that cause significant damage to conifers, being an oligophagous species, besides Picea trees, being frequent on Pinus sp., Larix sp. or Pseudotsuga sp. In Romania it is considered a secondary pest, the attack being most often associated with another bark beetle, in Spain however, it is mentioned as an invasive species, being mentioned recently, on relatively small areas. In the western part of Romania, the species is common in conifer stands from forests, but our research highlights its presence in the green areas of Timișoara's landscaping (University of Life Sciences Park), on white pine. In the Madrid area, the species has a secondary value, being mentioned in overpopulated or ecologically stressed stands (bibliographic analysis). A total of 26 specimens of Pityogenes chalcographus were identified on Pinus strobus trees during this study, 15 specimens in the sun-exposed sides of the trunk and 11 in the shaded sides. Pityogenes chalcographus is of major importance in urban green landscaping where numerous conifer species are found. Occupies trees that have been damaged, debilitated, preferring the sunny area of the trunks. Future research must be undertaken to follow the evolution of the attack on other Pinus species as well.
more abstractPityogenes chalcographus, Curculionidae, Scolytine, pine trees, Romania, Spain
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DownloadANALYSIS OF NATIVE AND HARLEQUIN LADYBIRD POPULATIONS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE PRESENCE OF PHYTOPHAGOUS APHIDS pag. 34-39
Paula BULZ, Lorena MĂDEA, Diana PURICE, Ramona STEF, Ana Maria VIRTEIU, Ioana GROZEA*Ladybugs are increasingly present lately in agricultural crops, horticulture, gardens and parks, both in individual and mixed culture systems. The connection between them and plants is less supported because they are present where phytophagous aphids are also present. The role of ladybugs is beneficial, as they are known to reduce the populations of aphids that feed on plants. Bearing these things in mind, we proposed that through the present paper we will see what is the share of native and harlequin (Asian) species, the latter being invasive. It is also important to see what the ratio is between ladybugs and the aphid populations present. The study was carried out for 2 years (2021-2022) in a mixed space that combines various ornamental plants, corn, vegetables and fruit trees, dispersed over 1000 m2, located near the houses. From the ones analyzed, we found that the harlequin ladybugs had a higher percentage than the local ones (ie, 68% compared to 42%). Regarding their association with aphid populations, we found that the predator-phytophagous ratio was 1 ladybug to 20 aphids. This highlights that the populations of aphids in a mixed space that offers the possibility of shelter over the winter and implicitly large populations of ladybugs in the following year, can be managed only by ladybugs, no other control solutions are necessary.
more abstractladybugs, native, invasive, combined plants, aphids, control
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DownloadDATA ACQUISITION PROTOCOL FOR MONOIC HEMP EXPERIMENTAL FIELD. pag. 40-48
Cătălina COJOCARIU1, Georgeta POP1Research developed in recent years underlines the importance of monoic hemp crops, both for economic values, in the agricultural field, and as an integrated substance in medical treatments. As in the case of other agricultural crops, for the analysis of the dynamics during a vegetation cycle of hemp crops, it is necessary to apply a well-established work flow, within an experimental device. In this context, through this study, a work protocol is presented through which the "classic" experimental technique is completed by geomatic means. The proposed work protocol involves a field stage, in which the experimental field is marked with GPS points and the sampling points are located with centimeter precision, which ensures the possibility of sampling from the same plant, in different phenophases. The second stage, the office one, involves: the graphic representation of the experimental site, based on the contour points marked in the field, and therefore the verification and validation of the necessary dimensions (dimensions between rows, free spaces, cultivated spaces, etc.); overlaying the experimental field with other thematic maps of environmental factors and thus extracting geospatial information (geology, climate data, soil, etc.) that complements the information collected directly from the field. To position the points in the field, GNSS equipment with a South receiver was used, with centimeter precision, and for data processing, AutoCAD Map 3D 2012 and ArcGIS 10.4 software were used. To extract the geospatial information, thematic maps in raster and vector format, taken from the specialized platforms, were used. The advantages of this working protocol consist in: locating with topographical precision the experimental device and the sampling points; the extraction of environmental data, point by point; the possibility of computerized comparison of the results obtained in different phenophases; spatialization of results and analysis of crop dynamics, both in a vegetation cycle and in different years; cartographic representation of the experimental field.
more abstractmonoic hemp, geomatic techniques, experimental site
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DownloadLASIOPTERA TOMATICOLA (YUKAWA ET HARRIS) (DIPTERA:CECIDOMYIIDAE) A NEW PEST IN TOMATO AND CUCUMBER CROP FROM SOUTH WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA pag. 49-57
V. COTUNA1, D. GRIGOR1, Anca RADU1, A. CĂRĂBEȚ1, Ramona ȘTEF1, Otilia COTUNA1The purpose of this work is to report the presence of the new pest, Lasioptera tomaticola (Yukawa et Harris) in tomato and cucumber crops from the southwest and western of Romania. In the last three years (2020-2022) the tomato and cucumber crops in Dolj and Timiș counties were invaded by the new pest, known as Lasioptera tomaticola (Mediterranean tomato weevil), classified in Class Insecta, Order Diptera, Family Cecidomyiidae, Subfamily Cecidomyiinae, Supertribe: Lasiopteridae, Tribe: Lasiopterini, Genus: Lasioptera. The origin of the species is uncertain, however studies carried out to date attribute it to the Palearctic ecozone as its place of origin. So far, the species has been reported on two continents: Asia and Europe (Japan, Turkey, Greece and Romania). The species was reported for the first time in 2001, in Greece. In Romania, the first signs of the attack, produced by the Mediterranean tomato fly, were observed in 2011 by Mirela Cean. Lasioptera tomaticola (Mediterranean tomato weevil) attacks plants belonging to the family Solanaceae (such as Solanum lycopersicum) and Cucurbitaceae (Cucumis sativus). Observations carried out on the territory of Romania, in the three years (2020-2022), highlighted the presence of the species on tomato and cucumber plants in protected areas. Damage caused by Lasioptera tomaticola (Mediterranean tomato weevil) is manifested by quality deterioration and reduced production. The attack produced by Lasioptera tomaticola is manifested by the appearance of necrosis on the stem, shoots, petiole, peduncle (at the point of insertion of the fruit) and on the fruit (under the receptacle). Attacked plants stagnate in growth, wilt and dry out. The stems breaks. We believe that it is necessary to study this species in Romania, to establish its distribution, biology, ecology, host plants, the damage produced as well as to investigate control methods.
more abstractLasioptera tomaticola, pest, tomato, cucumber
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DownloadEVALUATION AND KEEPING UNDER CONTROL THE PEST POPULATIONS OF GARLIC CULTIVATED IN AN ORGANIC SYSTEM pag. 58-63
D. DRAGHICI, Aurelia MIHUT, Mihaela HANGANU, Ana Maria VIRTEIU, Ioana GROZEAGarlic is known to be a plant with few pests; however, this depends on the culture conditions and the population level. In the organic system, which is more widely practiced recently, the pests have multiplied both in terms of species and numerical quantity. Garlic itself is used as a bio-insecticide, however there are pests that can cause serious damage to crops if control measures are not applied. Through this work, we aimed to evaluate the pest species present in a private garlic culture in an organic system practiced for 2 years, on an area of 0.5 hectares. Analysis of the range of species but also the number of individuals were analyzed, as well as damages and control measures adapted to each identified species. Among the relevant pests identified, we mention the following: wireworms (Agriotes spp., Coleoptera: Elateridae) and nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchida: Anguinidae). Nematodes were by far the most problematic, their damage being evident in 40% of the plants analyzed and their number quite high. Control measures were chosen so that they fall into the category of non-polluting and applicable for the organic system. Thus, the planting of marigold plants and the application of commercial bio-nematocides are among those used. Their effect was positive, reducing damages by 25% in the second year. Conclusively, it can be mentioned that garlic crops affected by nematodes can be protected preventively if monoculture is avoided and the new crop is installed at a distance from the old one, frequent monitoring is done, repellent plants are interspersed and organic substances are applied for signaling.
more abstractpest nematodes, garlic, monitoring, control, bio-nematocides
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DownloadPRESENTATION OF A PRIVATE FARM FROM THE LOCATION OF GELU, TIMIȘ COUNTY. CASE STUDY pag. 64-67
Delia Sorina DRĂGOI, A. MIHUȚ, D. LUCA, Casiana MIHUȚ, Anișoara DUMA-COPCEAThe purpose of the paper is a case study of a private farm in the town of Gelu, Timiș county. The research was carried out in the period 2020-2021, and the objectives in mind were: identifying the type of soil on the 77 hectares studied, the situation of the crops and the productions obtained. The main crops were sunflower, wheat and corn and the soil was a typical weakly glazed chernozem. The situation differs from year to year. In 2020, 16 hectares were sown with sunflowers, 35 hectares with wheat and 26 hectares with maize and in 2021, 12 hectares with sunflowers, 36 hectares with wheat and 28 hectares with maize. The productions obtained were 2300 kg/ha for sunflower, 5500 kg/ha for wheat and 8000 kg/ha for corn in 2020 and in 2021, these productions were 2600 kg/ha for sunflower, 6000 kg/ha for wheat and 8500 kg/ha for maize. In wheat, the Alex variety and the Apaș variety were cultivated. In all three crops, the highest productions were obtained in 2021, this was due to more favorable climatic conditions in terms of the level of precipitation and its distribution throughout the vegetation period. The agricultural years 2020 and 2021 were the years in which very good results were obtained in terms of average productions for both autumn and spring crops.
more abstractGelu, private farm, soil, agricultural crops
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DownloadSOIL PREPABILITY IN THE RECAS VINEYARD CENTER FOR VINEYARDS. pag. 68-73
D. HRENIUC, D. LAICHICI, Rebeca VARGA, A. OKROS, Casiana MIHUȚAlong with other wine-growing centers in Romania that are consecrated (Murfatlar, Segarcea, Drăgășani, Dealu Mare, etc.), Recașul is part of the oenoclimatic point of view, of the areas producing red and aromatic wines and white wines. The purpose of this work refers to the suitability of the soils in this wine-growing center for vines. The studied material is represented by the soils identified within the studied territory and which are typical leached eutricambosol, typical preluvosol and weakly carbonate gleiosol. The categorization of these soils is different for vines, namely: eutricambosol, falls into favorability group C (favorable I), with 60 points, both for wine and table varieties; the preluvosol falls into favorability group D (favorable II), with 40 points and the gleiosol, in favorability group E (slightly favorable), with only 12 points. Gleiosol is a less fertile soil that raises serious problems for this culture, due to the processes of glaciation, due to the presence of groundwater at a shallow depth, and which requires a series of amelioration measures. The average productions achieved in the studied years are in the following order: Cadarcă, Blauerzweigelt, Merlot, Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Oporto and Burgund mare. During the studied period, productions were reduced due to the delay in harvesting, a delay that is directly dependent on the variety, the climatic conditions during the harvesting period and their sensitivity to rot. The highest losses per day (0.9-1.1%) were observed in Cadarcă, Pinot noir and Oporto and lower in Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties, but these losses can reach 50% if the harvest is not does at maturity but the harvesting of the grapes is delayed by more than 10 days.
more abstractsoil, suitability, production, Recaș Wine Center
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DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES IN REDUCING PIERIS BRASSICAE POPULATION IN BRASSICA OLERACEA CULTURE. pag. 74-81
Anamaria Roberta IABLONCIK1, Adina IENOVAN1, Monica Olimpia SPERLEA1, A. CĂRĂBEȚ, Ioana GROZEA1, Ramona ȘTEF1In Romania, the culture of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) occupies a significant area, 46000 ha, being frequently found in the plain area of the south and west of the country, but also in the hill area of Transylvania and Moldova. The production of this crop is closely related to phytophagous insects. Among these insects, the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Order: Lepidoptera: Family: Pieridae), is an important pest that can heavily infest cabbage crops. The effect of chemical (deltamethrin 100 g/l and cyantranilyprol 100 g/l) and biological (Baccillus thuringiensiss – strain ABTS-351 540g/kg) insecticides on the mortality of Pieris brassicae larvae, the number of plants attacked and the number of leaves that showed attack was studied in Belinț area, Timiş county, in 2021. Each product (treatment) represent a variant, thus the experimental field contained four treatments in three repetitions. The "De Buzău" white cabbage variety was used in the experiment. Phytosanitary treatments were applied when the PED was reached (2-3 larvae/m2). In order to establish the effectiveness of chemical and biological insecticides, evaluations were performed at intervals of 3, 7 and 10 days following application. Following the study, the resoults revealed that the biopeoduct Baccillus thuringiensiss - strain ABTS-351 determined a mortality rate of 67% (3 days after application) in the larval population of Pieris brassicae. At 6 days and 10 days respectively, it was observed that the effectiveness of the bioproduct, Baccillus thuringiensiss -strain ABTS-351, in the control of Pieris brassicae larvae decreases. The chemical insecticides based on deltamethrin 100 g/l and cyantranilyprol 100 g/l, significantly reduced the larval population of Pieris brassicae, the percentages obtained being superior to the biological substance.
more abstractPieris brassicae, control, deltamethrin, cyantranilyprol, Baccillus thuringiensiss -strain ABTS-351, Brassica oleracea
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DownloadIMPROVEMENT OF SALTED SOILS, A PARTICULAR NEED IN LAND IMPROVEMENT WORKS FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF A HAZELNUT PLANTATION pag. 82-91
M.V. ILCA1, T. E. MAN1, Anisoara IENCIU2, R. BEILICCI1, Erika BEILICCI1, Adia GROZAV1Under current conditions marked by significant effects of changing climatic conditions due to global warming, first of all, the increase in the demand for agricultural products and the change of mentality regarding the way of interaction with nature, the specialists are looking for solutions for the full rethinking of performance agriculture. Given the growing demand for agricultural products and the global warming that is already making its presence felt, makes it increasingly difficult to produce them, it is important to find solutions for expanding cultivated areas, in an environmentally friendly way and respecting the concept of biodiversity, also ensuring the best development conditions for crops. In addition to new discoveries and technological innovations (equipment, seed varieties, fertilizers), the way to make an environmentally friendly agriculture is defining in the new thinking in the field. Finally, it is our duty to find solutions. The paper presents a method of approaching the problem of improving saline soils, present insular in a soil to be prepared by land improvement works, to be planted with hazelnuts. Land improvement works can also contribute to the improvement of saline-affected soils, through specific actions. The case study reveals the problems encountered that determined these works, their solution, the agrotechnology used (stages, equipment, materials) and the land improvement works executed as support, as well as the results, one and two years after the execution.
more abstractsaline soils,land improvement,hazelnuts,global warming,agriculture agronomy
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DownloadQUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF SOME GENOTYPES OF BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (LOTUS CORNICULATUS L.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ARDS LOVRIN pag. 92-100
Christianna ISTRATE – SCHILLER1, D. RECHIŢEAN1, M. HORABLAGA1,2, C. BOSTAN1,2, Luminiţa COJOCARIU1,2, Natasa BOSTAN PINISOARA2, Maria – Despina BORDEAN2The species Lotus corniculatus L. is an important component of grassland ecosystems, due to the fact that it has a great potential to adapt to a number of abiotic stressors, at the same time, the feed also being an important source of protein for animals. The aim of the research was to evaluate the protein content of some Bird's-foot trefoil genotypes at the flowering stage, along with the dry matter content and plant height. As a biological material, we used 16 genotypes of Bird's-foot trefoil, in the third year of vegetation, in the experimental field at ARDS Lovrin. In flowering phenophase biometric measurements were taken and fresh fodder samples were taken for protein and dry matter determinations. The protein was determined with the Kjeldahl apparatus, according to the protocol, and the dry matter was determined in the oven. The results of the research show a great variability of the analyzed parameters of Bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), in the conditions of the experimental year 2022. In flowering phenophase, at scythe I, the maximum plant height was 48 cm recorded in genotype LV.2 and the raw protein content was between 7.7 % in LV.12 and 13.97 % in LV.15. An analysis of linear regression shows that the content in protein is not dependent on the height of the plants. In the forms of Bird's-foot trefoil analyzed in the paper, the dry matter shows the greatest variations between 40 and 48%; the protein content between 48 and 60%, while the height of the plant shows the contribution of the variation between 60 and 100%. The analysis shows that the dry matter has a variation of approx. 8%, protein content 12%, while plant height shows the greatest variation (40%). The differences may be associated with growth conditions.
more abstractBird's-foot trefoil, protein, variability, Scythe I
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DownloadANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF GRASSLANDS IN THE MOUNTAIN AREA OF BANAT. CASE STUDY. pag. 101-109
Margareta MĂGUREANU1, Loredana COPĂCEAN1, Luminiţa COJOCARIU1In the land fund of the mountainous areas, implicitly of the Banat Mountains, forest areas predominate and in high proportions the areas used as grasslands. Over time, under the influence of natural and/or anthropogenic factors, grasslands undergo changes in terms of the occupied surface. In this context, the main purpose of the paper is to analyze the changes in grassland areas between 1990 and 2018, based on the land cover/land use data available in the form of the Corine Land Cover database, editions 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018. As a case study, the Teregova administrative-territorial unit was selected, with an extensive surface and representative for the mountain area of Banat. The vector data, respectively the graphic representation of the grassland surfaces, were processed in the ArcGIS 10.4 software. After processing, the two sets of data from the years 1990 and 2018 were compared to determine the changes produced. For a detailed analysis of the changes, the Land Change Modeller module was used, implemented in the TerrSet software, through which it is possible to follow the transformations in other ways of land use, the "migration" of land from one class to another, but also the increases or surface losses, within the same category of use. The research results show the mobility of the land use categories, in the analyzed time interval, by decreasing and/or increasing the surfaces for different land use categories, which may suggest the development of new strategies for managing the respective space.
more abstractland use, grasslands, GIS, change detection
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DownloadRURAL ECONOMICS ASPECTS OF KENYA – AN OVERVIEW pag. 110-116
N. MBUGUA1, K. P. NAFULA2, O. T. OPIYO3, Veronica SĂRĂȚEANU 4 *, Otilia COTUNA4,5The purpose of the report is to analyse the main agricultural activities that are important in the rural economic context of Kenya. A critical aspect to note is that the most popular agricultural activities differ in the country due to different soil and climatic conditions. Also, the traditional agricultural practices are focused on local consumption and local markets, this being the most dominant type of agriculture in Kenya. In the highland areas are tea and coffee plantations which are designated mainly for export. The cereals (maize, sugarcane, rice, wheat) are the main agricultural crops followed by vegetables (eg. kale, spinach, cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower), potato and cassava. They are primarily produced for the satisfaction of the national demands. Fishing is an important branch of agriculture for the population's needs, Lake Victoria being the main source of fish. From an agricultural perspective, man-made fishing ponds supply the local market with fish, mostly in the central part of the country. Poultry and dairy farming are also important sections of the agricultural sector whereby the former is part of the base of the nation’s food industry while the latter is based on forage crops that support the animals that produce milk, primarily for national consumption. Pastoralism is an activity that supports the people's livelihood in areas rich in permanent grasslands. The most popular animals that feed directly on grasslands are cows, goats, and camels. Furthermore, the coastal area of the country is defined by a small-scale farm production of coconut and palm oil for the local market. Other popular crops designated mostly for export are cut vegetables, aloe vera, hemp, avocado, bananas, mango, pineapple, watermelon, spices (cinnamon, cloves, black pepper), beans, hibiscus, and oranges. Kenya offers a wide range of conditions for numerous agricultural activities, an aspect that makes its rural economy diverse and rich.
more abstractrural economics Kenya, main crops, agricultural activities, local market, export
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DownloadCORMOPHYTES DIVERSITY IN A SMALL FRAGMENT OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (APA MARE VALLEY, FIRITEAZ, ARAD COUNTY, WEST ROMANIA) pag. 117-127
V. P. PRAJA1, Alina-Georgeta NEACȘU1,2, G.-G. ARSENE1,2The paper presents the results of a research undertaken in 2022 on the vascular flora of a fragment of the Apa Mare valley located to the SE of Firiteaz, Arad county. This valley is an important component of the green infrastructure in the area and is not currently included in any protected area, nor has it been the subject of cormophyte inventory studies. The studied area is about 17 ha, on the right bank of the Apa Mare river and belongs to the organic agriculture farm BioFarmland Manufactura SRL (Firiteaz). In this heterogeneous area, composed of meadows normally mowed once a year, some areas of which were plowed in the past, a portion of reeds, clumps of trees and shrubs (willows, hawthorns, red dogwood), we identified more than 150 species, of which more than half have medicinal potential. After the drastic drought in the summer of 2022 and after the episode of heavy rains in September, we found that the vegetal carpet was drastically affected, but not by the large variation in water conditions, but due to illegal grazing with sheep, visible pressure all along the valley. We appreciate that the diversity of cormophytes is quite high, which contrasts with the surrounding agricultural landscape composed of arable crops. Remarkable is the presence of the species Eleocharis carniolica W.D.J. Koch (species from Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992), even if represented by a few individuals. We consider that the study of the biodiversity of this valley fragment must be extended to the whole valley as well as to other systematic groups of organisms in order to investigate the opportunity of establishing a community importance site, to join the Mlaștinile Murani - Birds directive site (site code: ROSPA0079) located downstream.
more abstractcormophytes, diversity, green infrastructure, Firiteaz
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DownloadORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE UPON YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATOES CULTIVATED IN TIMIS COUNTY pag. 128-133
Corina PELICI, Adina BERBECEA, Alina LATO, Ionela HOTEA, Laura CRISTA, Isidora RADULOVThe potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth most important crop in the world, after wheat, rice and corn, and is a staple food for a large part of the population, being rightly considered the second bread of mankind. Along with its nutritional importance and culinary use, the potato is also appreciated as a raw material in the food and bakery industry, but also for its therapeutic effects. By using varieties with different vegetation periods, consumption is ensured throughout the year. The experiments aiming at the organic fertilization of the potato culture took place in Cralovăț locality, Timis county. The potato crop was sown by hand, in bundles, and the treatments against pests were of ecological type, the potato fertilization being done with manure, sheep manure and complex mineral fertilizers. The highest yields of 26.6 t / ha of potatoes were determined by applying 20 t / ha of manure. Among the fertilization variants applied, for which the best quality indicators were determined, the manure variant in a dose of 20 t / ha was noted, the manure being a complex fertilizer that ensures the balanced nutrition of the potato. The cumulative effect of organic fertilizers applied in the first year of experience and mineral fertilizers applied in the second year resulted in higher and higher yields.
more abstract: potato, organic fertilization, mineral fertilization, yield
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DownloadANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF CLIMATE FACTORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MONOIC HEMP CULTURE. pag. 134-143
Cătălina COJOCARIU1, Georgeta POP1In the last decades, the main meteorological parameters, namely the air temperature and the amounts of atmospheric precipitation, have registered significant variations, both from one year to another, and within the same year, from one season to another. In addition to the variable climatic conditions, specific to the Timiş Plain, in the case of the hemp culture, the ecological conditions specific to this culture must also be taken into account. Based on these considerations, the aim of the paper is to carry out a detailed analysis of climatic factors and their impact on the main stages of growth and development of hemp, under the conditions of Timisoara. The analysis of temperatures and atmospheric precipitation was done over a period of six years, respectively 2017 – 2022. Average monthly thermal values and the sum of precipitation amounts were extracted for each year considered. For the period 2017 – 2022, four bioclimatic indices were calculated, based on which the main meteorological parameters with an impact on the hemp culture were characterized. In order to monitor the dynamics of the hemp culture (Mara 21 Variety) during the vegetative cycle, the BBCH scale (proposed by Mishchenko et al., 2017) and the average daily temperatures were used, based on which the sum of the temperature degrees was calculated, for each stage phenological and during the entire vegetation period. In the Mara 21 hemp variety, a vegetative and a generative stage were determined in the 150-day vegetation interval. The sum of the temperature degrees from sowing to harvesting the seeds was 3372.30C. The research results support the idea of variability of climatic conditions, especially of the amounts of atmospheric precipitation in the analyzed territory, which is also reflected on the hemp culture.
more abstractmonoic hemp, air temperature, atmospheric precipitation, vegetative phenophases
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DownloadEVALUATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ACCESSIBLE COPPER FRACTION IN THE PLUM PLANTATION. pag. 144-151
Mariana RUSU1, Irina Gabriela CARA1, Manuela FILIP1, D. ȚOPA1,G. JITĂREANU1Contamination of soils with heavy metals represented and represents one of the most important problems for the natural function of ecosystems, but also for human health. Widespread use of Cu-based fungicides has led to increased Cu concentration in soils. The present work reveal a topical topic regarding food safety and consists in evaluating the accessible fraction of Cu that can persist in the soil and later can be translocated in fruits. In order to obtain sustainable and efficient productions, against the backdrop of severe climate changes and the negative effects on the orchard system, the environment and human society, the most suitable protection technologies were optimized within the Adamachi farm - Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS). In order to maintain the diversity of fruit tree species and ensure their longevity in terms of productivity, as well as the proper maintenance of the plum orchard, in order to reduce the contamination of the fruit tree ecosystem with polluting substances, antifungal treatments based on Cu20% were carried out in the recommended doses, followed by a study of field to determine the total Cu concentration and its transfer from the soil to the plum leaves, from two cultivars, Record and Centenary. Soil samples were analyzed pre-harvest and taken at two depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), analyzing the concentration of total Cu in aqua regia and accessible Cu in a solution of 1n ammonium acetate and EDTA 0.01n using atomic absorption spectrometry – AAS, in the flame atomization variant (ContrAA 700, Analytik Jena). According to the analyses, the total Cu content shows high values (114.22 mg Kg-1), exceeding the maximum admissible limit (≤ 100 mg Kg-1), but not the limit of intervention thresholds. The supply status of the soil in accessible Cu shows high values (> 3 mg Kg-1) with the possibility of translocation in the plant and leaching on the soil profile. The higher concentrations of heavy metal were found at the soil surface, in 0 – 20 cm soil horizon, but below the maximum safety limits based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Therefore, to prevent soil pollution with heavy metals, it is recommended to use them as rationally as possible and apply them at the most suitable times.
more abstractplum orchard, soil, copper, concentration, heavy metals
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DownloadCOMPARATIVE ACTION OF STEROID GLYCOSIDES FOR BARLEY PLANTS pag. 152-156
Silvia SECRIERU1, Antonina DERENDOVSKAIA 2, Natalia MASHCHENKO 3The article presents the results of studies on the effect of steroid glycosides isolated from the aerial part of plants of the Scrophulariaceae family on the parameters of growth, photosynthetic activity and productivity of spring barley plants, when they grow in the field, in comparison with the well-known growth regulator Ekostim. It has been established that under the action of steroid glycosides there is an increase in raw and absolutely dry biomass, an increase in the concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids in plant organs, which leads to an increase in the total chlorophyll content in spring barley plants of the Iney variety. An increase in the photosynthetic activity of plants under the action of steroidal glycosides leads to an increase in the productivity elements (ear mass, grain mass per ear, number of grains in them) and the yield of the variety. Steroid glycosides isolated from the aerial parts of plants of the family. Scrophulariaceae have a regulatory effect on spring barley plants of the Iney variety. Under the conditions of a small-plot field experiment, they stimulate the growth and development of plants. They enhance the photosynthetic activity of plants, the accumulation of plastid pigments in the assimilation organs of plants. They increase the accumulation of raw and absolutely dry biomass in plant organs and, ultimately, the potential productivity of plants. Under unfavorable conditions (during the period of drought), they show an anti-stress effect of action, similar to the preparation Ecostim.
more abstractGrowth regulator, Ecostim preparation, Spring barley varieties, Plastid pigments, Productivity
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DownloadTHE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL AND HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES ON THE SURDUC LAKE WATER pag. 157-163
Laura ȘMULEAC1, Hortensia RĂDULESCU 1, A. ȘMULEAC 1, R. PAŞCALĂU 1, M. AMARA2, M. BAKLI 2, Alina LAŢO 1Water is one of the natural elements essential to the existence of the living world. It has a fundamental role in the development of natural processes (physico-chemical, biological, climatic, in relief modeling) and socio-economic activities, being an important means of communication and defense, a raw material for industry, a valuable source for energy, for irrigating crops, feeding the population. This paper is very topical given that its purpose is to monitor the quality of water in the Surduc Accumulation. In order to achieve this objective, water samples were taken from the Surduc Accumulation, the analyzes being performed by the Quality Laboratory of the Banat Water Basin Administration, the results being interpreted and compared with the physico-chemical quality standards of Order no. 161/2006 which allows the classification of surface waters in order to establish the ecological status of water bodies. The main quality indicators determined in the scientific paper were: pH, dissolved oxygen content, biochemical oxygen consumption, nitrite and nitrate content, ammonium, phosphates, hardness, conductivity, iron, copper content, phenols and arsenic. Following the analysis it was determined that the water is neutral to basic, the oxygen content falls the water in class I-a, II-nd quality, the nutrient content in class II of quality, and occasionally detected amounts of phenol and arsenic content.
more abstractanthropogenic impact, water pollution, oxygenation regime, nutrient regime, metal content
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DownloadCROATIAN WINE PRODUCTIONAFTER THE JOINING EU: COMPARISON OF WINE PRODUCTION AND TRADE BETWEEN EU AND US . pag. 164-173
F. STEFANIC1, Edita, STEFANIC2This paper analyzes the Croatian wine sector through the records of wine production, exports and imports, and compare it with EU and US wine market. Data for this study covers the period of 29 years (from 1992 to 2021). They were collected from the following public sources: FAO, OIV, and PAAFARD. The main characteristics of the Croatian wine industry are small vineyards, a small share in European wine production, and a negative export-import balance. The production of wine in Croatia makes up only a small part of the total production in the EU. Croatian wine production is uncompetitive on the global stage and hardly recognized on the World’s wine maps. After the transition and joining the EU, wine production and export out of Croatia showed a negative trend; the area under vineyards is decreasing, and the quantity of produced grapes was decreasing. As a smaller producer of wine, Croatia was not negatively impacted by the liberalization which the Common Market Organization reform in 2008 ruled; since the unfavorable structure on the farms and lack of competitiveness. Statistical analysis from the collected data shows that EU wine making is stagnating globally, and New World countries are increasing their production and consumption. A market for high-quality wine and with protected geographical origin could be a good niche for the successful placement of Croatian wines in EU and USA markets.
more abstractCroatian wine production, export, import, global wine market
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DownloadMODERN DATA ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE GENERAL CADASTRE. pag. 174-185
. TEICU1, A. ȘMULEAC 1, Laura ȘMULEAC1This research aims to achieve the general cadaster with the help of modern data acquisition techniques and technologies, within the area of UAT Zavoi, where sector 25 is presented in this paper. The area of UAT is 39129 ha and consists of 83 sectors, and for the present work, the area studied is 19 ha and comprises 110 real estates. The cadaster is the unitary technical ensemble, essential for the technical, economic and legal situation, on a set of real estates, on a UAT (territorial administrative units), which is identified by a unique cadastral number and is registered in a land register, together constituting a cadastral register of real estate. Planimetric measurement were made with the total station Leica TS06 and the GNSS equipment Leica GS16. The ortho-photoplane corresponding to the studied area and the 3D model of the land was made with the help of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) technology, WingtraOne generation II drone and aerial image processing were carried out with the help of the Pix4D program. Recently, in addition to drones dedicated to photogrammetry, drones have also emerged capable of using LIDAR devices that can create high accuracy point clouds. To acquire ground point clouds, the research also used mobile MMS (Mobile Mapping System) backpack scanning equipment, which contains a reality capture sensor platform. 5x4 megapixel cameras are installed for the best possible image coverage. Captured georeferenced images are combined and used to navigate and color the dot cloud. The visualization and alignment of the points clouds was achieved with the help of Pegasus Manager and the data processing and obtaining information related to constructions, roads, bridges, property limits and other elements of detail was carried out with the Cyclone program.
more abstractUAV, Land Survey, Ortho-photoplane, GPS, Cadastre
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DownloadMETHODS OF PRESERVING SOIL FERTILITY IN AN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM pag. 186-190
Diana TET1, Andrada RANCU1, Bianca ROTARIU1, I. GAICA1, L. DANCEA1Ecological agriculture has an important role in preserving soil fertility due to the use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical ones. Organic fertilizers contribute to increasing soil fertility by increasing the content of nutrients; correction of the aerohydric regime in the soil, the intensification of microbiological activity as well as the improvement of the soil structure. The leguminous plants have the ability to ensure their nitrogen requirements through this symbiosis, and after their harvest, an appreciable amount of nitrogen remains in the soil. Within the cultural technologies, soil works represent an important link. In order to correct the aerohydric regime, a scarification was performed and the preparation of the germinal bed was carried out by a passage with a heavy disc. Before sowing, a pass is made with the combinator with the arrow blade (goose paw) with an important role in combating weeds. Vegetable remains are chopped and incorporated into the soil, leading to an increase in the content of organic matter, having an important role in the synthesis of the organic compounds that make up the humus. The degree of weeding is a problem in wheat cultivation in the ecological system, it can lead to high harvest losses of up to 60%. Optimum density, crop rotation, blind seeding, are the main factors to consider in reducing the degree of weeding
more abstractecological agriculture, fertilization, culture technologies
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DownloadDETERMINATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS FROM A VINEYARD PLANTATION FROM LUGOJ. pag. 191-196
Cristina TOȚA, Daniela SCEDEI, Delia Sorina DRĂGOI, Casiana MIHUȚ, A. OKROSThe paper presents a series of physical properties of soils (texture, soil density, apparent density, total and aeration porosity) from a vineyard-tree plantation located in the outskirts of the town of Lugoj. The municipality of Lugoj being the second city in terms of size and importance in Timiș county. The purpose of this work was oriented towards the determination and knowledge of the physical properties of two types of soils studied, namely, the Preluvosol and the Luvosol, soils that are occupied by fruit trees and vines. The proposed objectives aim at the following aspects: identification and delimitation of soil and land units; collecting soil samples, performing laboratory analyses; performing calculations and presenting the values obtained on the main physical properties of soils, aiming at their determination both for fruit trees and for vines. The density of the soil (g/cm3) recorded values between 2.42 g/cm3 and 2.49 g/cm3, depending on the depth, type of soil, month of irrigation and crop. The apparent density of the soil had values between 1.14 g/cm3 and 1.35 g/cm3. Total soil porosity (%) was between 41% for fruit trees and 47% for vines. The aeration porosity (%) had values between 10.90% and 13.70%. The obtained results highlight very well the data we wanted to present.
more abstractsoil, physical properties, tree plantation - vineyard
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DownloadORCHARD PLANTATION FROM PEȘTERE, CARAȘ-SEVERIN COUNTY. CASE STUDY. pag. 197-202
Cristina TOȚA, Daniela SCEDEI, Delia Sorina DRĂGOI, Casiana MIHUȚ, Valeria CIOLACThe purpose of the work is a case study carried out in a private fruit orchard in Peștere, Constantin Daicoviciu commune in Caraș-Severin county, in a total area of 80 hectares, being occupied with various fruit species. The studied material refers both to the skeletal rendzine type soil and to the planted fruit tree species, namely apple, plum, cherry and sour cherry, along with other fruit tree species. When describing the soils identified within the farm, both data from the field and a series of data taken from OSPA Timișoara and Contantin Daicoviciu City Hall were used. In the work, the following were taken as objectives: the geographical description of the plantation; identification and characterization of soil type; description of the orchard and the productions obtained. Morphologically, the Constantin Daicoviciu commune is located in the Timișului Valley, and the plantation in the Peștere locality is on the Cornului Hill, at an altitude of 570 m, in the northern part of the commune. The plantation is ecological, being grassed, and the phytosanitary treatments used are those accepted for ecological agriculture. As limiting factors of the fertility of this soil, there are: low useful edaphic volume (low thickness and high skeleton content), low useful water capacity. These soils are difficult to work, which is one of the reasons why the maintenance of the soil through black field has been abandoned.
more abstractPeștere, soil type, fruit plantation, obtained productions
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DownloadA FEW EXAMPLES OF GOOD PRACTICE FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE FIELD OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURE. pag. 203-209
G. VICO1*, D. MIJIĆ2, R. BODIROGA1Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is in the early stages of digitalization of agriculture. The digital transformation in the public sector has been largely driven by demands on the road to the EU. Although it has a relatively good strategic framework, digital transformation processes are still slow. This paper focused on the field of digitalization of agriculture in BiH. The research summarizes several previous papers on this topic. In addition, the paper aimed to present several ICT solutions for digital agriculture from Bosnia and Herzegovina. A brief overview of key activities in the field of digitalization of agriculture at the University of East Sarajevo given, which includes research projects and ICT solutions. Three ICT solutions (Web application for cow feeding optimization - Optimilk, LoRa Cattle tracking system and online monitoring and management system for control of greenhouse production - mPlastenik) briefly explained. The key characteristics of the mentioned ICT solutions are presented, such as: major area of work (field), target group (s), suitable for small farms, young people and women, objective and how it does work - development of ICT solution which is used. In the last three years, a large number of activities in the field of digital agriculture have been realized at the University of East Sarajevo. An interdisciplinary research team has been created, several projects have been implemented, and digital agriculture is being included in the educational process. Several ICT solutions used by agricultural producers in BiH have been developed. The needs of small farmers as well as farmers in specific conditions (e.g. hilly and mountainous areas) are in focus.
more abstractICT solutions, digitalization, innovations, agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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DownloadTHRIPIDAE (INSECTA: THYSANOPTERA) ON PETUNIA VARIETIES FROM WESTERN ROMANIA – TAXONOMIC KEYS . pag. 210-218
Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU1*, Ramona ȘTEF1, A. CĂRĂBEȚ1, Codruța CHIȘ2, Ioana GROZEA1The vast majority of the Thripidae (Insecta:Tysanoptera) species are pest species with phytophagous feeding habits, being economically important horticultural pest globally, attacking a wide range of ornamental plants. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species are notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the Tospovirus genus. This study aims to monitoring the thrips species collected from 6 Petunia x hybrida varieties in western Romania, to present the taxonomic keys for identification, and studies its population dynamics during the season. The Petunia x hybrid varieties used in the experiment were: Tropical, Purple Picotee, Cherry Pop, Bicolor Yellow Red, Orange Bouquet, Pink Bouquet. The observations were carried out for a period of 70 days – from 10 February to 20 May, using colored sticky traps. Traps were placed above the crop canopy to intercept dispersing thrips from wider areas. After an atent monitoring of Petunia x hybrida varieties in greenhouses, 6 thrips species were collected and identified, as followed: Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, Frankliniella fusca Hinds, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thrips palmi Karny and Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouché – all being polyphagous species. Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande was the most harmful species, causing the highest damage on flowers, and was able to survive and reproduce at higher rates.
more abstractThripidae, petunia, varieties, taxonomic key, western Romania
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DownloadINNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNIQUES OF PLANTING CHERRY ORCHARDS IN MEHEDINTI AREA. pag. 219-224
Ștefana ZOICAN (BAICU) 1, Olimpia-Alina IORDĂNESCU1, R. PAȘCALĂU1In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainable and innovative techniques for planting cherry orchards. These techniques aim to improve the efficiency and productivity of the orchard while minimizing the environmental impact. New environmentally friendly fruit production systems are being developed. Some of the most popular sustainable techniques include trellising, integrated pest management, drip irrigation, companion planting, using disease-resistant variety and organic farming. Trellising allows for easier access to the trees for pruning and harvesting, while integrated pest management uses a combination of natural and chemical methods to control pests and diseases. Drip irrigation delivers water and nutrients directly to the roots of the trees, reducing water usage and promoting efficient nutrient uptake. Companion planting involves planting other crops or plants alongside the cherry trees that can provide benefits such as pest control, soil improvement, and improved pollination. Using disease-resistant cherry varieties can help to minimize the use of fungicides and other chemical inputs. Organic farming is another sustainable and innovative approach, which involves the use of natural inputs and methods to grow and maintain the orchard without synthetic chemicals. These techniques are becoming more popular as farmers and growers aim to produce high-quality cherries while also protecting the environment.
more abstractcherry, plantation, orchards, sustainable, innovation
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DownloadSTUDIES ON DRY MATTER CONTENT AT HYSSOPUS OFFICINALISIT pag. 225-232
Cristina_Magdalena OSICEANU,Ilinca Merima IMBREA, Georgeta POPHyssop is a plant with multiple uses and which, at present, is very little present in the structure of medicinal plant cultures in our country.The aim of this research was to analyze the content of dry matter/hyssop plate, according to the type of hyssop, the year of cultivation and the climatic conditions of the researched area. The researches were carried out on the three color varieties, namely: hyssop with pink flowers, hyssop with blue flowers and hyssop with white flowers, existing in the collection of the Phytotechnics discipline within the Faculty of Agriculture within the University of Life Sciences, the King Mihai I" from Timișoara, originating from three years of cultivation. The observations were carried out in the flowering phenophase of the hyssop plants, recommended by the specialized literature. The experience was carried out within the SCDA Lovrin, the field of medicinal plants, located on a cambic chernozem type soil, weakly glazed. The dry matter (DS) content decreases in value from pink-flowered hyssop to blue-flowered hyssop, then increases. The values of the dry substance content obtained for the three varieties of hyssop were 23.7% for hyssop with pink flowers, 23.3% for hyssop with blue flowers and 23.4% for hyssop with white flowers, so the highest value was obtained for hyssop with flowers pink.
more abstractMedicinal plants, hyssop, herb, experimental factors
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