Rjas

Vol 39, No 1 (2007)

EFFECT OF FERTILIZING SYSTEMS ON SUGAR BEET YIELD AND QUALITY pag. 3-6

Branko Marinković, Jovan Crnobarac, Goran Jaćimović, Dragana Latković, Jelena Mrđa, Miroslav Habán

Fertilization has a dominant influence in sugar beet production technology. Results of these investigations are achieved at stationary trial on Rimski Šančevi (Novi Sad, Serbia), which was conducted at 1982 on chernozem soil type, subtype on les, and carbonate variety, middle deep form. Organic and mineral fertilizers, with the increased nitrogen doses (from 50-200 kgNha -1 ) and its effect on the yield and quality of sugar beet were investigated in this trial. At variants where organic fertilizers were used, root yield was higher from 2.4 to 4.6 t/ha -1 , but sugar percentage was lower for 0.39%, or it was at the control level. Percentage of sugar utilization was also at the control level or even lower for 0.24 and 1.19%. Sugar beet yield at variants with organic fertilizers was higher for 160, 360 and 510 kg/ha -1 in relation to variants were only mineral fertilizers used.

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sugar beet; yield; quality; fertilization

Presentation: oral

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CURRENT STATUS REGARDING THE OPERATION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE SECTOR THROUGH THE SUPPORT OF INTERNET TOOLS IN ROMANIA pag. 7-14

Gheorghe Valentin Roman, Maria Toader

The aim of this paper is to provide a description of the current status regarding the operation of OA sector through the support of internet tools and mechanisms in Romania in connection with the portal Bio@gro (www.bioagro.ro). This portal is the result of the project developed by the Bio@gro Consortium and financed by the E.C. Commission – DG Information Society. The Bioagro project involves four countries: Cyprus, Greece, Germany and Romania and the strategic objective is the development of a system bz Internet (BIO@GRO) that provide a single point of access to accurate and multilingual OA information, e-business services and mobile services (m-services) to all key actors involved in the OA value chain: organic farmers, agribusinesses and consumers/citizens.

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organic agriculture; Internet; Bio@gro

Presentation: oral

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EVOLUTION OF THE CROP STRUCTURE IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS IN THE TIMIŞ COUNTRY pag. 15-24

Paul Pîrşan, Ioan Csosz, Daniel Grosz, Adrian Găvruţă

Looking at the cultivated areas in the last twenty years in Timiş county, we can see a lot of changed because of property’s structured changed to agricultural areas, in the first time, but to agricultural mentality about the technology and to the exploitation of system used. In this way, it can appear changes in the way to used an agricultural areas, the most significant changed appear in the crop’s, structure in the market economy ,the only way in strength was the agricultural exploitations’ profitability stay just that cultures which are advantageous by economy points.

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crops; crop structure

Presentation: oral

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REACTION TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF A SUGAR MAIZE ASSORTMENT pag. 25-28

Gheorghe David, Paul Pîrşan, Florin Imbrea, Lucian Botoş

The authors present in this paper a synthesis of results of the experimental cycle 2004-2006, a period characterised by very different climate conditions and that points out the good behaviour of all experimental hybrids. Experimental results point out the favourable reaction of the hybrids to mineral fertilisation, average yield reaching over 10,000 kg/ha of ears harvested at the “milk-wax” maturity period. Optimal sowing density for this crop as shown by experimental data is 65,000 plants/ha.

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sweet maize; fertilising; milk-wax maturity

Presentation: oral

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VALORISING BANATITE MINING STERILE IN WHEAT CROPS WITH IMPACT ON YIELD AND QUALITY WITHIN THE CARAS – NERA – DANUBE AREA pag. 29-32

Ioan Borcean, Gheorghe David, Simona Niţă, Florin Imbrea, Lucian Botoş, Sorin Verdeţ

Mining sterile from banatite exploitations in south-west Romania contains considerable amounts of micro-elements (Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn, etc.) and macro-elements (Ca, Mg, S, and P) that ca be valorised on agricultural crops. Alkaline reaction of the material recommends it for applications on acid reaction soils. This paper presents results in wheat by applying a rate of 1 t/ha on the crop and on the main quality features.

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mining sterile; microelements; macro-elements; and wheat

Presentation: oral

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SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION IN WESTSIK’S CROP ROTATION EXPERIMENT pag. 33-38

J. Lazányi

The best known and most remarkable example of continuous production in Hungary is the Westsik’s crop rotation experiment established in 1929, which is still in use to study the effects of organic manure treatment, develop models and predict the likely effects of different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields. Such experiments are costly to maintain, but their cost can easily be justified if they serve a number of different objectives and provide data to improve agricultural practice. The aim of this study is to examine the potential for sustainable agriculture in Hungary, and to draw attention to the importance of long-term field experiments in the study of agronomic sustainability. Current concerns about soil and water quality deterioration, the limited availability of fossil fuels, the loss of biodiversity, the viability of rural communities, and in general the sustainability of modern agricultural production practices, all point to the need to work out methods of sustainable agriculture. The goal of sustainable agriculture is to bring together people and resources, to promote an agriculture that is efficient, profitable, socially acceptable and environmentally sustainable for the indefinite future. The primary objective is to provide a model where the agricultural system and community are taken into account as a whole, in which agriculture is not separated from the natural ecosystem of a region. The most critical challenge is to consider the needs of agriculture and society, and to provide an educational environment for local inhabitants. In order to meet this challenge, we need research that examines the principles of sustainable agriculture. In this respect, Westsik’s crop rotation experiment provides data of immediate value to farmers concerning the applications of green, straw and farmyard manure. The experiment also provides a resource of yield, plant and soil data sets for scientific research, whether into plant and those soil processes which control soil fertility, or into the sustainability of production. Moreover, maintenance of Westsik’s crop rotation experiment can also be used to illustrate the value of long-term field experiments.

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Long-term crop rotation experiment; Sustainable agriculture

Presentation: oral

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ECOLOGICAL FARMING SYSTEM AND THE CULTIVATION OF PROTEIN-RICH CEREALS (TRITICUM SPELTA L.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC pag. 39-42

Magdaléna Lacko-Bartošová, M. Rédlová

Spelt wheat is suitable for cultivation in ecological farming system. Rouquin variety was characterized by the highest yield and the best technological quality, other spelt varieties had gluten of lower quality. The nutritional value of spelt wheat was defined by high content of proteins, fibre and fat what predict spelt for use in the rational and special diet; also for preparation of biscuits and mixtures with common wheat.

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spelt varieties, yield; gluten; quality; nutritional composition

Presentation: oral

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THE EFFECT OF TWO FARMING SYSTEMS ON QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF SPRING BARLEY AND WINTER WHEAT pag. 43-46

Magdaléna Lacko-Bartošová, Kristýna Macenková

Integrated and ecological arable farming systems were established on brown clay loamy soil in the fall of 1991 near Nitra, in South Slovakia region. The altitude of experimental field is 178 m, average year temperature is 9.6 oC and annual precipitation is 523 mm. In the 2003-2006 the effect of two different farming systems (ecological and integrated) and two levels of fertilization on qualitative parameters of spring barley and winter wheat were observed. System of farming and fertilization did influenced content of protein and extract of spring barley. Falling number of winter wheat was significantly influenced by all observation factors. Gluten index and wet gluten were depended on climatic conditions but gluten index was not statistically influenced by system of farming.

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ecological; integrated farming system; qualitative parameters of winter wheat and spring barley

Presentation: oral

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COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW TRITICUM DURUM DESF. VARIETIES UNDER INCREASING NORMS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION pag. 47-52

Nadezhda Semkova, Zhivko Terziev, I. Saldzhiev, H. Kirchev

A field experiment was carried out on the experimental field of Cotton and Durum Wheat Research Institute, Chirpan, during the period 2004-2006. The following varieties were studied: Progres; Neptun 2; Beloslava; Saturn 1 and Vozhod under four norms of nitrogen fertilization – N 0 , N 6 , N 12 , N 18 kg.da -1 – applied only once in the early spring, having had cotton predecessor. For the two years of research, as well as for the period on the average, the applying of increasing nitrogen norms changes considerably the grain yield of all durum wheat varieties. N 12 norm proved to be the optimum whereas the further increasing of the norm results in decreasing of the yield. Vozhod variety proved to be the most productive, while the least productive was Beloslava variety.

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durum wheat; nitrogen fertilization; productivity

Presentation: oral

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PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF THE CARROT PRODUCTION IN THE F.Y.R. OF MACEDONIA pag. 53-56

Mile Peshevski, N. Georgiev, K. Kocev

In this paper authors determined that the production costs by the farm-lands from the Group II are for 49.1% higher, although the cost price is for 14.1% lower, due to higher (for 73.9%) crop. The expenditure for the human labor by the farms of the Group II is higher up to 7.1% than by the Group I, and the productivity is higher up to 62.7%, due to better technical equipment of the farms belonging to this Group. The profit level (according to the comparative index), is almost the same by both Groups, due to rather the positive impact of the higher (up to 16.7%) carrot selling price by the Group I compared to the Group II, than the negative impact of the level of total costs per unit/land by Group II.

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carrot; price; costs; productivity; profit

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF NEW RICE CULTIVARS AND PERSPECTIVE LINES DEVELOPED AT THE NARDI FUNDULEA AND THE REC CHIRNOGI pag. 57-60

Ionel Jinga, D. S. Niţu, I. Mantu, Oana Alina Mardare, C. Cîmpeanu

Romania is located at the North limit of rice cultivation area. The rice could be cultivated in a narrow area of 40 km, from Turnu Severin to Braila, as well as in Banat – Banloc. Although is a tropical crop, the rice has a special ecological plasticity, fact that allows the crop extension from equator to the latitude of 48 0 N and from the sea level till 1500-1800 m altitude, in areas with temperatures over 10 0 C at germination and over 15 0 C during vegetation till ripening. In Romania, main important are cultivated genotypes which must reach the maturity till autumn hoarfrosts. Twelve genotypes with variable vegetation period were tested in order to find the most adequate ones from cultivation area Oltenita-Chirnogi.

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rice; crop area; sowing time; genotype; submersion; water level; rice fitting out; yield cost; benefit

Presentation: oral

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EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND SEEDING RATE ON DIFFERENT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS pag. 61-64

I. Kristó, Margit Hódi Szél, Julianna Gyapjas, Alexandra Szekeres

In this paper the effect of two different sowing dates (middle of October and beginning of November), as well as two different seeding rates (300 and 600 seeds/m 2 ) on five different winter wheat breeds have been investigated. We evaluated our results with variance analysis according to the different sowing dates and seeding rates.

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winter wheat; cultivar; genotype; breed; yield; sowing date; seeding rate

Presentation: oral

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PLANTING DENSITY AND FERTILISATION EFFECTS ON GENERAL SPRING BARLEY TILLERING pag. 65-70

A. S. Paunovic, Milomirka Madic, D. Knezevic, D. Djurovic

Barley has a long and intensive tillering period with a far greater stem number produced than the final spike number per harvest. The formation of a higher number of stems and spikes (total and productive tillering, respectively) is a negative malting barley trait because it induces smaller and shrivelled grains which considerably reduce its value for malt production. The investigation of the effect of fertilisation and planting density on the total tillering of spring barley was conducted over a three-year period at the trial field of the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac. Five two-rowed spring barley cultivars (the A factor) were investigated and they were: Kraguj, Dinarac, Dunavac, Jastrebac and Novosadski 294. The planting was carried out at optimal dates (February-March). Three planting densities (B) of 300, 400 and 500 germinating grains m -2 were used. N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O were each incorporated at the rate of 52.5 kg ha -1 by basic fertilising and top-dressing was carried out in the tillering phase using 0, 30 and 60 kg ha -1 N (the C factor) during the month of April. The average total tillering for all investigated cultivars, planting densities and nitrogen rates in the three-year research period was 4.17. The highest average tillering for all planting densities and nitrogen rates was established in the Jastrebac cultivar (4.52), and the lowest one in the Kraguj cultivar (3.93). The planting density increase brought about a reduction in tillering. The difference in tillering between the planting densities applied, in all three research years, was highly significant. As opposed to this, increasing nitrogen rates used for top fertilisation induced a tillering increase. A highly significant tillering difference was recorded in all three years between the control variant N (0) and the rate of 60 kg ha -1 N. The differences between N (0) and N (30 kg ha -1 ) were statistically significant in the first two study years, and highly significant in the third year. The difference in tillering between nitrogen rates N (30 kg ha -1 ) and N (60 kg ha -1 ) was significant only in the first two research years. In the third research year, a statistically highly significant interaction between the cultivar and planting density (AxB) was registered, with the Jastrebac and Kraguj cultivars having expressed different tendencies compared to other cultivars.

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tillering; planting density; nitrogen; spring barley

Presentation: oral

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COMPARISON OF AMINO ACIDS CONTENTS IN BARLEY AND WHEAT pag. 71-76

Desimir Knežević, Nevena Đukić, Milomirka Madić, Aleksandar Paunović, Veselinka Zečević

Variability of amino acids composition of 6 barley and 6 wheat divergent genotypes were identified by using method of chromatography. Concentration of identified amino acids was established by method of spectrophotometry. Total concentration of free amino acids was determined by standard curved line for tyrosine while concentration for each amino acid was determined by using of standard curved line for glycine. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids showed that glutamic acid, proline, threonine, norvaline, tryptophan, were the most present in seeds of analyzed cereal species cultivars. Quantity of free amino acid in wheat varies in the ratio from 35 to 92 mg/ml and in barley from 41 to 81 mg/ml. Concentration of glutamic acid in wheat was 6.5 mg/ml and was higher than contents of other amino acids. In barley cultivars the highest concentration was established for amino acids proline (12.5 mg/ml)

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wheat; barley; nutrition; amino acids

Presentation: oral

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EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON CALENDULA (CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L.) FLOWERS PRODUCTION pag. 77-82

Jelena Mrđa, Branko Marinković, Goran Jaćimović

In experiment which was established in four repetition, we researched the influence of various row spacing (40, 50, 60 and 70 cm - factor A) and two varieties (factor B) on the flowers production and petals yield of pot marigold, and also we determined percentage of petals in totally mass of flowers. Investigation was managed on experimental field in Research institute of field and vegetable crops, on Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. In average, variety Bački Petrovac was realized higher flowers yield in relation to variety Plamen Plus, for 1061 kgha -1 . In average for both varieties, maximum mass of flowers (5379 kgha -1 ) was realized at 40 cm row spacing. Mass of petals at tested variety, in average for all four row spacing was not significantly different. Petals allotment in totally mass of flowers in average for all row spacing at variety Bački Petrovac was 33,58 %, and it was lower in relation to variety Plamen Plus, in average for 7,53 %.

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pot marigold; row spacing; variety; flowers production; yield of petals

Presentation: oral

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HERBAGE PRODUCTION AND CONTENT OF ROSEMARY ACID IN LEMON BALM (MELISSA OFFICINALIS L.) GROWN IN CULTURAL CONDITIONS OF WARM AGRI-CLIMATIC MACROREGION pag. 83-88

Miroslav Habán, Pavol Otepka, Ľubomír Kobida

In the solving year of 2005 – 2006 the analysis of agri-ecological conditions of Lemon balm cultivation was realized at Kolinany locality (Nitra district, Slovakia). Yield components were analyzed at Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Lemon balm var. ´Citra´ was used as a testing material. Harvesting of the plant material has been carried out during whole vegetation period. The content of rosemary acid was determined in the samples. During the years 2005 – 2006 these experimental factors were tested: (1) the influence of the way of planting or sowing, e.g. the way of setting up the stand, (2) applied plant nutrition and (3) harvest time, on the reached level of aboveground herbage crop yield and content of rosemary acid in the drug, e.g. quality of air-dried drug. The average yields of Lemon balm drug (386.5 – 493.6 g.m -2 ) and rosemary acid content (2.39 – 4.49 %) were found and statistically determined depending on sowing system, organic fertilization, and harvest time during two years of the experiment. High content of rosemary acid (over the required 4.0 % content) was confirmed in samples within both fertilization variants when stand was established from seedlings.

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essential oil; growing; Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.); rosemary acid

Presentation: oral

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PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM /L./ P. GAERTN.) CULTIVATED IN CULTURAL CONDITIONS OF WARM AGRI-CLIMATIC MACROREGION pag. 89-92

Miroslav Habán, Pavol Otepka

Polyfactorial field experiment was established and investigated during the vegetation periods of 2004, 2005 and 2006 at the Dolna Malanta locality (Nitra district, Slovak Republic). This locality is geomorphologically situated in western part of Zitava upland as an independent part of river Danube lowland. From the agriclimatic conditions point of view, this locality belongs to the warm agriclimatic region, dry agriclimatic microregion, and mostly mild winter zone. In the year 2004 yields of milk thistle (Silybum marianum /L./ P. Gaertn.) achenes, e.g. fruits, ranged from 232.9 kg.ha -1 (RMF variant: – incorporated crop residues with intercrop and artificial fertilizers) to 794.5 kg.ha -1 (KBF variant: – without crop residues and intercrop, artificial fertilizers have been used) at the standard humidity (14%). In the year 2005 the yields varied from 554.0 kg.ha -1 (RMO variant: – incorporated crop residues with intercrop, no artificial fertilizers) to 1 480.0 kg.ha -1 (RBO variant – incorporated crop residues without intercrop and artificial fertilizers). In the year 2006 the yields varied from 1 425.6 kg.ha -1 (RBO variant: – incorporated crop residues without intercrop, no artificial fertilizers) to 1 832.0 kg.ha -1 (KBF variant – without crop residues, without intercrop and with application of artificial fertilizers).

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quantitative-qualitative parameters; milk thistle; Silybum marianum /L./ P. Gaertn; yield

Presentation: oral

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RESULTS OF POTATOE FIELD PRODUCTION USING NEW GRANULE FERTILIZERS AND AMELIORATION CONTAINING SEA SAPROPELS pag. 93-98

Zhivko Terziev, H. Kirchev, Nadezhda Semkova

A field experiment on semi-early Dutch variety of potatoes Agria was carried on the experimental field of Plant growing department of Agriculture University - Plovdiv during the period 2002-2004. A standard method of 4 repetitions on plots of 50 m 2 was used to determine the influence of new granule fertilizers and Black sea sapropel on tuber yield and starch content. Increasing of 9.15-15.1% of tuber yield was determined and increasing of the starch content with 0.25-1.54 points.

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potatoes; Black sea sapropels; granule fertilizers; tuber yield; starch content

Presentation: oral

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TRITICALE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER EXTREME FROST DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND NITROGEN NORM pag. 99-104

H. Kirchev, T. K. Tonev, Zhivko Terziev, Nadezhda Semkova

The following evidence are based on field experiment carried out in a sample area of Dobroudja Agricultural Institute. In this experiment took place 5 triticale varieties which have been made in different selection research stations. It has been established that triticale is high sensitive plant to low temperature in the winter time in this region. It could be placed between wheat and barley in a scale of such sensitivity. As a most resistant to low temperature among the explored species were established Sadovec and Rakita. Nitrogen fertilization cannot compensate the thinning out of the crops. It even can result in secondary infestation and some additional problems for harvest.

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triticale varieties; cold resistance; grain yield

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF NODOSITIES DEVELOPED IN SOY UNDER THE EFFECT OF INOCULATION AND OF FERTILISATION WITH NITROGEN ON TWO SOIL TYPES pag. 105-110

Paul Pîrşan, Gheorghe David, Florin Imbrea, Lucian Botoş

During the trial cycle 2003-2005, we studied the effect of inoculation or of fertilization with nitrogen (N 0 , N 30 , and N 60 ) on the number of nodosities developed by soy on two types of soil: cambic chernozem and brown luvic. On both soil types in the variants inoculated, the number of nodosities was significantly larger than in the control variants. The nitrogen dose N 30 applied before sowing resulted in an increase of the number of nodosities on the brown luvic soil; on the cambic chernozem there were no significant differences compared to the control (N0). The N60 dose resulted in the development of a significantly smaller number of nodosities on both soil types.

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soy; nitrogen dose; number of nodosities; and soil type

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH REGARDING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME ROMANIAN AND FOREIGN MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER THE STRESS CONDITIONS OF THE TECUCI PLAIN pag. 111-114

Ionel Jinga, Oana Alina Mardare, C. Tudor, D. S. Niţu, C. Cîmpeanu

The researches were performed in Tecuci Plain during three years (2003-2005) in order to determine the level of watering norm diminution without to affect significantly the yield and the choosing of the best hybrids, which under limited water supplying lead to the obtainment of high and stable yields. The results showed that, by the watering norm diminution with 25% vs. pedological one, the irrigation water cost is reduced with 380-400 RON/ha. The recommended hybrids for the irrigation under stress are PR35P12 and PR3824.

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irrigation; stress; watering norm; limited water supplying; hybrid; yield cost; benefit

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF SOWING DENSITY ON RICE YIELD DEPENDING ON THE CULTIVATED GENOTYPE pag. 115-118

Sorin Cîmpleanu, D. S. Niţu, Ionel Jinga, Oana Alina Mardare, I. Mantu

The paper presents the results obtained at NARDI Fundulea, Rice Experimental Center Chirnogi during 2003-2005. To establish the sowing density, a bifactorial experiment 6 x 7 type was performed. Six sowing densities, with values between 500 germinable grains/m2 and 100 g.g./m2 and an ecart of 200 g.g./m2 were tested. Besides density, seven genotypes were studied, as follows: Polizesti 28, Elida, Dunarea, Zefir, Magic, F40 and F42. The results show the superiority of 700 g.g./m2 density for the genotypes F40 and Magic and of 800 g.g./m2 for the other genotypes

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rice crop; intermittent submersion; density; technology; genotype; sowing time; rice system; benefit; yield cost

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH REGARDING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF TECHNOLOGY AND WATER SUPPLYING IN THE SOUTH OF ROMANIA pag. 119-124

D. S. Niţu, Oana Alina Mardare, Ionel Jinga, S. Câmpeanu

The researches were performed at NARDI Fundulea during 2004-2006, as a poly-factorial experiment. At A factors (crop technology) two graduations were tested, at B factor (irrigation regime) six graduations were tested and at C factor (genotype) three graduations were tested. The agricultural year 2004-2005 was excessively rainy, the annual rainfall sum being of 1138.7 while 2005-2006 was droughty, the annual rainfall sum being of 494.5 mm vs. multi-annual average of 584.4 mm. From the temperatures viewpoint, the agricultural year 2004-2005 was normal, the annual average of 10.8 degree C being very close of multi-annual average, 10.6 C and year 2005-2006 was almost normal, annual average exceeding multi-annual one with only 1.2 C. The paper presents the average of the two years of research. The crop technology brings a gain of 20.4 q/ha in variant N180P60, 70,000 pl/ha vs. variant N100P60, 40,000 pl/ha, the gain being statistically ensured as very significant. Among irrigation variants, the highest gain, 14.25 q/ha, was achieved by irrigation variant of 50% active moisture interval on 80 cm depth, with half of norm by sprinkling, vs. non-irrigated variant, the gain being statistically ensured as very significant. Close values of the maximum yield gain were registered by the irrigation variant 50% active moisture interval, on 80 cm depth, whole irrigation norm by overhead irrigation. In this case, the gain was 13.89 q/ha, statistically ensured as very significant. Among tested genotypes, the highest yield gain was given by hybrid Campion, 10.98 q/ha, statistically ensured as very significant.

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limited water supplying; watering rate; genotype; irrigation norm

Presentation: oral

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BEHAVIOUR OF NEW RICE CULTIVARS AND LINES AT DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES pag. 125-128

Oana Alina Mardare, S. Cîmpleanu, Ionel Jinga, D. S. Niţu, I. Mantu

Rice, considered as tropical crop, is also cultivated in sub-tropical and continental areas due to its genetic diversity. The main climatic factors which influence this crop are temperature and light. Romania is located at the North limit of rice cultivation area. Rice could be cultivated in a narrow area from Turnu Severin to Braila as well as in South-east of Banat. So, for our country main importance has the sowing time, the vegetation period of new genotypes must allow the maturity stage. During 2003-2005, at Rice Experimental Center Chirnogi, 7 genotypes and 3 sowing times were tested.

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genotype; cultivar; rice line; rice fitting out; submersion; experiment; sowing time

Presentation: oral

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THE INFLUENCE OF CONDITIONING TYPE UPON THE BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MICROBIAL INOCULATIONS pag. 129-132

Narcisa Băbeanu, O. Popa, A. Vamanu, Marina Pamfil, Oana Livadariu, E. Vamanu

The research carried out by our team between 2004 and 2006 aimed the obtaining of microbial inoculants having with biostimulation activity in order to promote them in agricultural technologies. A bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) and fungal (Trichoderma sp.) biomass has been obtained for which several conditioning modes were studied: polysaccharides like pullulan, alginate. The bioproducts thus obtained have been tested for their resistance to thermic and hydric stress. The best results have been obtained in the case of cells alginate immobilized (for thermic stress), and in pullulan immobilized cells (for hydric stress). We also studied the influence of the immobilized biomass on wheat in laboratory conditions. The use of microbial inoculants had a positive effect on seeds germination (plus 10-17.00% comparative the control). Research continues in order to determine the best methods to apply the microbial agents; to assess their behaviour in the ecologic niche where they are introduced; to develop and to optimize the implementation technologies and to integrate them with the conventional technologies, as well as to quantify the influence of microbial agents on the quality of agricultural production.

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microbial inoculations; immobilization; Trichoderma; Bacillus

Presentation: oral

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THE ACCUMULATION OF THE PHYTOMASS IN AUTUMN WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DOBROGEA pag. 133-138

Liliana Panaitescu

In order to have maximum efficiency, each technology element applied to a culture has to be completely in agreement with the characteristics of the plants and soil. Knowing the behaviour type of the plant in different climate and soil conditions during the vegetation period, we can intervene with technological measures that will eventually lead to the anticipated effect, the increase of production in agreement with and following the principles of environmental protection. The paper presents the accumulation of dry phytomass in the autumn wheat, according to the sowing date. In this regard, the accumulation of dry phytomass was observed (the total epigeous phytomass, and on components of the total phytomass), in the case of wheat sown in three different periods: the last part of September, October 9 th -10 th and the last part of October. The paper also presents results obtained in what regards the sum of accumulated temperature degrees for certain vegetation periods.

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wheat; dry phytomass; sowing time; the sum of temperature degrees

Presentation: oral

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THE BEHAVIOUR OF CERTAIN SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN THE PRODUCTION CONDITIONS OF DOBROGEA pag. 139-142

Liliana Panaitescu

During the latest years, farmers have had to deal with a problem in Dobrogea: the presence of broomrape in the sunflower fields. The main causes of this phenomenon are the fact that rotation is not observed and the use of hybrids that do not resist to the attack of this parasite. Every year, specialists warn about the appearance of new broomrape varieties that are more and more resistant. The efficient pest control measures used previously prove to be useless against the most recent varieties. The paper observes the production behaviour of several sunflower hybrids recommended to be cultivated in Dobrogea, considering both the resistance to broom rape attack and a few productivity elements.

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sunflower; broomrape; resistant hybrids; rotation

Presentation: oral

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A STUDY OF SOME COMPONENTS IN WINTER OIL RAPE pag. 143-146

Georgeta Pop, Valeriu Tabără, Lucian Botoş

The level of production is determined by the interaction between plants’ biological limits and by the influence of technological elements applied. Upon harvesting we made measurements concerning the values of some pheno-typical features characteristic of the Attila winter oil rape cultivar under study. The main components of the yield in winter oil rape are the number of main ramifications per plant, the number of siliques per plant, the number of seeds per silique, the number of plants per m 2 , and the average volume of a seed.

more abstract
sowing time; sowing density; row distance

Presentation: oral

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ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME COLZA CULTIVARS IN THE BUZIAS HILL AREA (TIMIS COUNTY) pag. 147-150

Simona Niţă, Carolina Trifu

Research was carried out in the hill area of the Banat (Buzias) on a typical preluvosoil and aimed at studying the behaviour of some new winter rape cultivars in different fertilization conditions. The highest yields of over 3,300 kg/ha were in the triangle cultivar, followed by the Alaska cultivar with over 3,000 kg/ha, and Triumf with over 3,000 kg/ha on an agri-fund of N 150 P 80 K 80 . Oil content varied between 37.00% and 47.00% depending on the soil and on fertilization level.

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rape; cultivars; fertilisation

Presentation: oral

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ON THE RESPONSE TO FERTILISATION OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATION PERIODS IN THE ALMĂJ DEPRESSION pag. 151-154

Simona Niţă, Eugenia Borcean

Research was carried out in the hill area of the Almăj Depression on a typical luvsoil and aimed at studying the behaviour of some new winter rape cultivars in different fertilization conditions. The highest yields of over 6700 kg/ha were in the Daniella, Lipesa cultivar, followed by the Lipesa cultivar with over NSSK 420 6500 kg/ha, Protein content varied between 10,95% and 12,73% depending on the hybrid and on fertilization level

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maize hybrids and fertilisation

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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION OF HOP IN ROMANIA pag. 155-158

Marcel M. Duda, Horia Bunescu, Dan Vârban, A. Fitiu

In the paper there are presented the results concerning the use of some physical weeds control on the rows of hop without herbicidal use. Also, there were made observations to identify the useful predator fauna of damson-hop aphid, Phorodonhumuli Schrank.

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hop; sustainable cultivation; weeds control; useful fauna

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STUDIES CONCERNIG TOBACCO DRYING REGIME pag. 159-162

Marcel M. Duda, T. Rusu, Gheorghe Matei, A. Fitiu

n this paper we present several results regarding the tobacco leaves drying conditions, the influence of drying method upon the period length and also dates regarding the surface and specific weight of tobacco leaves at TN 86 tobacco cultivar in the climatic conditions from Cluj-Napoca, 2004

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tobacco; tobacco drying; foliar surface; drying rate

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH REGARDING THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF CYNARA SCOLYMUS L. IN THE CULTIVATION CONDITIONS IN CLUJ-NAPOCA (ROMANIA) pag. 163-166

Dan Vârban, Marcel M. Duda, Rodica Vârban

Artichoke is a valuable medicinal plant from its leaves are extracted the substances which are used in hepatic biliary, with a biliary secretion and diuretic effect. The highest production of fresh leaves was registered at the variant of 70 cm between rows x 30 cm between plants/row) with a production of 41.476 kg/ha. It is recommendable that on sowing Cynara scolymus L., seeds of up to 8 months after harvest to be used.

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nutrition space; germination; seedling; Cynara scolymus L.

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH REGARDING THE DYNAMIC ACCUMULATION OF SUGAR TO THE SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN OLTENIA (ROMANIA) pag. 167-170

Gheorghe Matei, M. Nicolescu

In this paper we present the dynamics of accumulation of the sugar in the sweet sorghum stalks cultivated in non irrigated conditions on the brown-reddish soil from central area of Oltenia. The analyses were done in the main stage of the plant development. The highest level of refractometric sugar was registered in the milk maturity stage of plant development on the internodes from the median area of the plants.

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sweet sorghum; stalks; sugar

Presentation: oral

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THE PERCENTAGE OF PARTICIPATION TO FORMING BIOMASS YIELD IN SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN CENTRAL OLTENIA (ROMANIA) pag. 171-174

Gheorghe Matei, Marcel M. Duda

In this paper we present the percentage of participation at the biomass yields of different parts of the plant: stalks, leaves and panicles The determinations were done in the milk maturity stage of plant development, when the content of the sugar from the stalks was higher than the other stages. From all the components of the plant the stalks were represented values of 70.7% and 80.5%

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sweet sorghum; yields; stalks; leaf; panicles

Presentation: oral

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BEANS: A PROTEIN SOURCE IN SOUTH-WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 175-178

Florin Imbrea, Paul Pîrşan, Gheorghe David

In this paper we present the results obtained in bean crops cultivated in south-western Romania through improving soil reaction, sowing density, and row spacing in order to increase both protein content and protein yield per ha. Correlating the three factors under study led to an increase of the bean yield with 23% on an amended agri-fund while the protein yield per ha increased depending the studied factor with 10-27%.

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bean; protein content; protein yield

Presentation: oral

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IDENTIFYING THE MAIN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE ALMĂJ DEPRESSION (CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY, ROMÂNIA) pag. 179-184

Ilinca Imbrea, Alma L. Nicolin, Florin Imbrea

The Almăj Depression, located in the south-west part of the Romania, is also known as the Almăj Country. Over the depression there are some of the best known nature reserves from the Banat - the Izvorul Bigăr Nature Reserve in the Miniş Gorges, the Rudăria Gorges - and also some important spreading areas for thermophilous species. The depression is one of the most typical intra-mountain depressions in Romania offering particularly favourable climate conditions for a large number of plants of which numerous medicinal and aromatic plants.

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medicinal and aromatic plants; active principles

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON GREEN PEAS CROP AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE TIMIS PLAIN pag. 185-188

Lucian Botoş, Ioan Borcean

Research carried out in the Timiş Plain concerning the behaviour of some green peas cultivars in conditions of differentiated fertilising pointed out the possibility of getting yields above 2,700 kg/ha. Protein content varied between 24.6% and 27.3%, and protein yield varied between 343 kg/ha and 773 kg/ha.

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green peas; protein content and protein yield

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE VARIATION OF SOME FEATURES DEPENDING ON THE CULTIVAR, FERTILISATION, AND CULTIVATION AREA IN TRITICALE pag. 189-192

Elena Luminiţa Nănuţi, Ioan Borcean

The paper contains data concerning the variation of some features depending on cultivar and fertilisation in the hill area of north-west Mehedinţi County, in which adapted cultivars of triticale, Titan, Tril, Stil, and Impuls, compared to the Alex wheat cultivar. We present data concerning the impact of fertilisation on plant length, spike length, number of spikelets, and number of grains per spike.

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triticale; cultivars; morphological characters

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ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF AN ASSORTMENT OF PROSPECTIVE TRITICALE CULTIVARS IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE HILL AREA IN NORTH-WEST MEHEDINTI COUNTY (ROMANIA) pag. 193-196

Elena Luminiţa Nănuţi, Ioan Borcean

In the hill area of north-west Mehedinti County we studied the behaviour of five triticale cultivars at different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation, on a constant agri-fund of potassium. Results pointed out yields of over 4,800 kg/ha in the Garant and Impact cultivars, and of over 3,500 kg/ha in the Galant cultivar.

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triticale; cultivars; and fertilising levels

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ON THE IMPACT OF FERTILISATION AND ON SOWING DENSITY ON YIELD FEATURES IN SOY IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE LOW MURES PLAIN (ROMANIA) pag. 197-200

Augustin Popa, Ioan Borcean

Research was carried out on a typical chernozem at Variaş, during the experimental cycle 2004-2006. We made research concerning plant height, number of branches, height of insertion of the first level of pods, the number of pods per plant, the number of beans per plant, and the weight of the beans per plant. The elements under study were influenced by both fertilisation level and row distance: thus, for a row distance of 25.00 cm, we got the highest height of the plant and of the first pod insertion level, while the other productivity elements reach maximal values in the variant whose row distance is 37.50 cm. The variant whose row distance was 50.00 cm yielded the highest number of ramifications.

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soy; fertilisation; and sowing distance

Presentation: oral

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ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF AN ASSORTMENT OF SOY CULTIVARS ON THE CHERNOZEMS IN THE BANAT’S PLAIN pag. 201-204

Augustin Popa, Ioan Borcean

The study was carried out at Variaş, on a typical chernozem, between 2004 and 2006. We have taken into study six cultivars with different vegetation periods that were inoculated with four bacterial stems. We used three rates of nitrogen (N 0 , N 50 , and N 100 ) on a constant agri-fund of phosphorus and potassium (P 60 K 60 ) . We also made measurements of the volume of 1,000 beans.

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cultivars; bacterial stems; and fertilisation

Presentation: oral

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MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM THE NERA GARGES USED IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES pag. 205-208

Carmen Elena Dăneţ, Ioan Borcean

In this paper we present an inventory of the plant species acting on respiratory diseases, existing in the Nera Gorges. The reference area is favourable for numerous annual ad perennial, herbaceous and tree species belonging to different botanical families. The soil and climate conditions in the area under study ensure a high content of active principles in the plants

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medicinal plants; respiratory diseases; the Nera Gorges

Presentation: oral

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ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME RYE CULTIVARS IN THE SUBMOUNTAIN AREA OF THE MERIDIONAL CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS pag. 209-212

Dănuţ Popa, Ioan Borcean

Research aimed at the following rye cultivars: Gloria, Suceava, Orizont, Picasso, and Ergo. The pre-emergent plant was potato. Crops ranged between 3,693 kg per hectare in the Ergo cultivar and 5,243 kg per hectare in the Orizont cultivar. Protein content was close, and it ranged between 11.09% (in the Gloria cultivar) and 12.28% (in the Picasso cultivar).

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rye cultivars; rye yield; and rye quality

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION AND OF ROW DISTANCE ON CHICK PEA CROP AND CROP QUALITY pag. 213-216

Magdalena Carolina Trifu, Ioan Borcean

Research was carried out between 2004 and 2006, on a typical cambic chernozem in the area between the Mureş River and the Bega River. The cultivar under study was Cicero 1. Results pointed out that in the field under study, i.e. 12.50-50.00 cm, yield increased with distance row increase, at all nitrogen fertilisation levels (N 0 , N 30 , and N 60 ). Nitrogen fertilisers increased the yield with 13% for a dose of N 30 and with 25% for a dose of N 60 .

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chick pea; fertilising; and sowing distance

Presentation: oral

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ON THE IMPACT OF FERTILISERS ON SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA IN CHICK PEA pag. 217-220

Magdalena Carolina Trifu, Ioan Borcean

Research was carried out during the experimental cycle 2004-2006 at Varias, on a typical chernozem. We studied four bacterial strains (NT4, NT5, NT16, and NT17). Results pointed out the negative impact of applying nitrogen fertilizers on the number of nodosities and on their weight. Among bacterial strains tested on the agri-fundN0 and N30, to notice NT17. On the agri-fund fertilized with N60, the total number of nodosities was close to the number of nodosities in all the strains studied.

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chick pea; bacterial strains; and fertilizing

Presentation: oral

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A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN FERTILISATION ON HERBA YIELD AND ON VOLATILE OIL CONTENT IN BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.) pag. 221-224

Niţa Bocerean, Ioan Borcean

The paper presents research results from the period 2004-2006, research carried out on a batigleic aluvosoil in the water meadow on the Bocşa territory of the Bârzava River (Caraş-Severin County). Results pointed out the fact that on the average for the five biotypes under study and for the two sowing densities, nitrogen fertilisers applied on an agri-fund of P 60 K 40 increased the yield with 52.00% for a rate of N 50 and with 74.00% for a rate of N 100 .

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Ocimum basilicum; fertilisation; and sowing density

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING SEED PRODUCTION IN BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.) pag. 225-228

Niţa Bocerean, Ioan Borcean

Research was carried out on the Carani territory, in the Vinga High Plain (Arad County), on a mollic decarbonated preluvosoil. Seed yield in the five biotypes under study varied between 134.00 kg/ha in the De Novi Sad provenance (the Viridis form), and 611.00 kg/ha in the De Şag provenance. The already adapted cultivars – Geea and Basilica – yielded between 426 and 523 kg/ha of seeds each.

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Ocimum basilicum

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES CONCERNING YIELD AND OIL CONTENT IN CHAMOMILE (MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SDE TIMIŞOARA pag. 229-232

Iuliana Tabără (Maior), Valeriu Tabără

Research has pointed out the impact of sowing density on green inflorescence yield and oil content in the Mărgăritar chamomile cultivar. Results point out that the most favourable sowing density is 300 pl/m 2 sowed by spreading. The fact that seeds were spread over the plot without being incorporated in the soil favoured rapid development of the plants and thus increased the yield with 48% compared to sowing with a lower density (200 pl/m 2 ) and implicitly the content of oil and oil yield.

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chamomile; yield; sowing density; oil content

Presentation: oral

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PRODUCTIVITY ELEMENTS VARIATION IN RELATION TO SOWING DENSITY ON CHAMOMILE IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CÂMPULUNG MOLDOVENESC AREA pag. 233-236

Iuliana Tabără (Maior), Valeriu Tabără

Research has pointed out the influence of sowing density on productivity elements in the Mărgăritar chamomile cultivar. Sowing density has a big impact on productivity elements followed by the climatic conditions. The fact that the plants had larger place to develop (200 plants/m 2 ) favoured the differences in plant size, number of ramifications and number of inflorescences.

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chamomile; productivity elements; sowing density

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES CONCERNING SOME MILLING QUALITY TRAITS IN AUTUMN WHEAT (T. AESTIVUM VULGARE) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION pag. 237-242

Ladislau Wagner, Valeriu Tabără

The present paper aims at the assessment of optimal fertilization doses for autumn wheat (T. Aestivum vulgare) culture technology and testing of milling quality under the influence of different fertilizer doses used for the considered wheat varieties.Our researches allowed us to conclude that best wheat varieties in terms of milling quality proved to be Ciprian and Alex. The optimal nitrogen-based fertilization dose considering four different doses was of 100 kg/ha S.A.

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wheat; varieties; fertilization; dose; quality

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A STUDY CONCERNING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATING PIONEER MAIZE HYBRIDS IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 243-246

C. Chioreanu

The study was carried out on Pioneer maize hybrids of all precocity groups. The authors focused on the average yields in the 11 trial centres during the last 3 years. The value of the crop was between 1,500 RON/ha and 3,200 RON/ha; the profit varied between 200 RON/ha and 1,450 RON/ha, ant the profit rate was between 11.5% and 82.0%.

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grain maize; economic efficiency

Presentation: oral

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POTENTIAL OF ANNUAL LEGUMES FOR FORAGE AND GREEN MANURE PRODUCTION pag. 249-254

M. Mihailović, A. Mikić, B. Ćupina, Maja Manojlović, Đ. Krstić, R. Čabilovski, Sanja Vasiljević, H. V. Halmajan

A small-plot trial was carried out in 2005 and 2006 at Rimski Šančevi Experimental Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. Pea had the highest yields of green forage and forage dry matter (37.6 t ha -1 and 8.6 t ha -1 ), while white lupine had the highest potential yields of forage crude protein and forage nitrogen (2161 kg ha -1 and 346 kg ha -1 ). Among the cultivars, the pea NS-Junior and the faba bean B-413 had the highest green forage yields (41.9 t ha -1 and 41.7 t ha -1 ), the pea Poneka the highest forage dry matter yield (9.9 t ha -1 ) and the white lupine BL-164 the highest potential yields of forage crude protein and forage nitrogen (2521 kg ha -1 and 404 kg ha -1 ).

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pea; common vetch; faba bean; grass pea; white lupine; yield; green forage; forage dry matter; forage crude protein; forage nitrogen

Presentation: oral

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ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF BANAT’S GRASSLANDS DEGRADED BY NATURAL AND ANTHROPIC FACTORS pag. 255-260

Alexandru Moisuc, Ionel Samfira, Luminiţa Cojocariu, Marinel Horablaga, Veronica Sărăţeanu, Carmen Durău, Mirela Codrea

The researches for this work are realised in two grassland from Timiş County: one of them is affected by flooding (Foieni) and the other is affected by soil salinity (Saravale). There were realised two experiences with fertilisation applied on grasslands. In the establishment of grasslands fertilization system is necessary take in account the botanical composition, the physico-chemical features of the soil covered with grass, concurrent species needs, temperature and humidity conditions from summer time, forage use and economic conditions in that area.

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degraded grassland; ecological reconstruction; natural factors; anthropic factors

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE ALIMENTARY AND AGRONOMIC VALUE OF THE MAIN GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS FROM BANAT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND MAINTAINING OF VEGETATION CARPET BIODIVERSITY pag. 261-264

Alexandru Moisuc, Ionel Samfira, Luminiţa Cojocariu, Marinel Horablaga, Veronica Sărăţeanu, Carmen Durău

Banat region has an important heritage represented by grasslands; from these 69,423 hectares are places in plain area, 269,120 hectares are in hill area and 26,483 in mountain area. Grassland productivity is usually determined by the natural soil fertility, by their humus content, by their rainfall regime, and by other environmental factors. Phosphorus content is important for the realisation of a balance between Ca and P. The surfaces with well supplied soils with P are 48% and the soils well supplied with K are 56% from the total surface covered with grasslands.

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grassland; nutrients supply; chemical fertilisation; organic fertilisation; mixed fertilisation

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES REGARDING THE ARNICA MONTANA MEADOWS FROM THE CENTRAL PART OF THE APUSENI MOUNTAINS pag. 265-270

A. Stoie, Florin Păcurar, Ioan Rotar

The constitution of mountain meadows vegetation is stricken by numerous factors, among them an important part played by the applied management. The A. montana meadows are the result of the application for a long time of an extensive traditional management. The absence of the maintenance works (especially the fertilization) and the exploitation only by grazing determine the powerful setting in of some species like: Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-ideae, Luzula luzuloides, Deschampsia flexuoza etc. The application of the maintenance works and the exploitation by mowing or by a mixed system favours the extend of some species, like: : Agrostis capillaris, Festuca rubra, Trisetum flavescens, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens etc., and also of some species from other botanical families, like: Centaurea pseudophrygia, Euphrasia officinalis, Hieracium aurantiacum etc. The floristic biodiversity is being reduced in the case of the first system and it increases evidently in the case of the system with maintenance works and with a usage by mowing or mixed

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mountain meadows; management; biodiversity

Presentation: oral

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SEED PRODUCTION IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (LOTUS CORNICULATUS L.) UNDER ASSOCIATED CROP SYSTEMS pag. 271-275

N. Dragomir, Ioan Peţ, Corina Cristea, D. Rechiţean, Carmen Dragomir, Liliana Găman, Laura Mihăiescu, Angela Sârbu

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) represents an important leguminous species for the permanent and temporary pasture ecosystems. In order to produce seeds in this species, we propose birdsfoot trefoil (8 kg/ha) seeding in association with annual gramineae (oat and spring barley), according to the results achieved along four years of study. This seeding system makes the entire period of seed production in birdsfoot trefoil efficient.

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Lotus corniculatus; seeds; associated crop; profitability

Presentation: oral

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BACTERIAL INOCULATION EFFECT UPON YIELD CAPACITY IN ALFALFA AND ORCHARD GRASS pag. 275-278

Carmen Dragomir, Alexandru Moisuc

This work presents the bacterial inoculation effect upon the mixed alfalfa and orchard grass crop. The bacterial inoculation with strains of Rhizobium meliloti, for alfalfa, and strains of Beigerinckia and Azospirillum, for orchard grass, increases this mixture’s yield capacity with 24.5%, in the first year of vegetation, and with 23% in the second year. The most important effect was noticed in the case of the species Beigerinckia, which proves higher resistance to acid soils. A synergism relationship appears between the three bacterial species, enhancing the capacity of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

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alfalfa and orchard grass mixture; bacterial inoculation; Rhizobium meliloti; Beigerinckia; Azospirillum

Presentation: oral

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ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE WORKING PROCESS OF THE RETRACTING ELASTIC FINGER LIFTING DRUM IN THE HARVESTING OF FORAGE CROPS pag. 279-284

Ioan L. Caba

It is well-known that elastic finger lifting drums, besides remarkable construction and functional features (simplicity of the construction, high safety in operating, low volume, and high adaptability) also have a disadvantage: a relatively specific low working capacity because of the low advance speed. In order to increase working capacity, in the conditions of maintaining quality indices at admissible levels (low loses of forage, avoiding detachment of leaves and inflorescence from plant stems, and avoiding the soiling of forage by earth) it is necessary to find solutions for the increase of the active area of the elastic fingers during the raking process.

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lifting drum

Presentation: oral

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APPRECIATIONS CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION DYNAMICS OF THE GRASSLANDS FROM GOTTLOB AREA (TIMIŞ COUNTY) pag. 285-290

Ionel Samfira, Alexandru Moisuc

The study of the permanent grassland from Gottlob area during 2000-2006 is differentiated for these two permanent grassland identified plots (nearby Jimbolia and to Grabaţ) through exploitation mode influence, first grassland plot being used more intense by village community animals, the second being less used (to Grabaţ). The purpose of this work is to analyse the evolution of the botanical composition, pastoral value and biodiversity of permanent grasslands from Gottlob during 2000-2006 period. Biodiversity determination is achieved using quantifying methods of the spatial diversity (aggregative and theorizing) by theorizing the information as a tool of measuring the complexity of the ecosystems.

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permanent grasslands; pastoral value; botanical composition; biodiversity

Presentation: oral

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CONCEPTS OF AFFORESTED MEADOWS EXPLOITATION THROUGH SYLVOPASTORALISM pag. 291-296

Ionel Samfira, Alexandru Moisuc, Luminiţa Cojocariu

In this paper we studied the possibilities of using slag from metallurgical industry as fertilizing resources, in row materials deficit and environmental protection context. Furnace slag and steel slag which result from steel obtaining process on metallurgic plants, were analyzed for establishing fertilizing capacities and for metal content determination.

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afforested meadow; arbores; exploitation; sylvopastoralism

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF SOIL N, P, K SUPPLY ON HERBACEOUS INVASIVE SPECIES FROM GRASSLANDS pag. 297-302

Veronica Sărăţeanu, Alexandru Moisuc

The purpose of this work is to provide useful pieces of information concerning plant species invasion phenomenon in Romanian grasslands. Researches were realized during 2003-2005 on 26 permanent grasslands situated in places with different environmental conditions from Banat region (western Romania). Grasslands studied in this work show a great soils variety. Here we are interested about nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply. Thus is quantified the comportment of herbaceous invasive species under the influence of soil NPK supply. For this purpose here is calculated the correlation considering as dependent variable annual coefficient of grassland surface occupation (spreading coefficient) with herbaceous invasive species.

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herbaceous invasive species; NPK supply; grassland; correlation

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES CONCERNING SOIL PH ON INVASIVE SPECIES FROM GRASSLANDS pag. 303-308

Veronica Sărăţeanu, Alexandru Moisuc

Ecologic and economic impact of invasive species is perceived from local to global level. The purpose of this work is to provide useful pieces of information concerning plant species invasion phenomenon in Romanian grasslands. Researches were realized during 2003-2005 on 38 permanent grasslands situated in places with different environmental conditions from Banat region (western Romania). Grasslands studied in this work show a great soils variety. Thus is quantified the comportment of invasive species under the influence of soil pH. For this purpose here is calculated the correlation considering as dependent variable annual coefficient of grassland surface occupation (spreading coefficient) with invasive species.

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invasive species; spreading coefficient; soil pH; correlation

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NOTES ON THE DRY MATTER YIELD OF SOME PERMANENT PASTURES ON THE SURDUC HILLS (TIMIS COUNTY) pag. 309-312

Carmen Durău, Alexandru Moisuc

In this paper, the authors try to assess from the point of view of dry matter yield on a few permanent pastures on the Surduc Hills (Timis County). On the ground of the study carried out for three years, we could establish that there is a relationship between altitude and dry matter yield.

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permanent pasture; dry substance; altitude; and exposition

Presentation: oral

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FERTILISATION INFLUENCE ON GRASSLAND FROM ABANDONED ARABLE LAND pag. 313-316

Doru George Laieş, Alexandru Moisuc

Very different soil and climate conditions that determinates grassland formation and the powerful anthropic influences determinate a great variability from botanical composition point of view but also from forage yield and quality. Having in view the low level of the permanent grasslands yield there is needed the applying of a technical and organisational measures complex with the purpose of the improvement of nutritive quality and its rational use. Depending by these aspects the vegetation can be changed fundamentally concerning the improvement or depreciation of botanical composition in a very short time.

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grassland; fertilisation; abandoned arable land; vegetation

Presentation: oral

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CHARACTERISATION OF SOME GRASSLAND AFFECTED BY FLOODING pag. 317-320

Valeria Pavel, Alexandru Moisuc

Water is generally a limitative factor for crops. The last years are characterized by severe drought phenomena or by powerful floods that affect arable land and in this way grassland too. This study is realised during 2005-2006 period and provides new data concerning the vegetation carpet on a surface formerly flooded.

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solid industrial residues; furnace slag; steel slag; fertilizing resources; environmental protection

Presentation: oral

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STUDY CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME TURF MIXTURES pag. 321-324

Adriana Stoian, Alexandru Moisuc, Veronica Sărăţeanu

The existence of small turf surfaces in the front of every house is in many neighbourhoods from big cities the postponing in modernity of the spaces between house and road from rural areas, which are dominated by grass. In fact, turf has become an essential an irreplaceable element for recreation and sport. Also, the turf is providing a soil stabilisation, protection against erosion due to its roots system and other features of the component grasses. Turf presence on soil stops water evaporation, is maintaining a lower temperature of soil due plants evapotranspiration. Extra, a considerable advantage of turf is that the uneven surfaces and land imperfections are transformed in landscape elements.

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turf; mixtures; germination; evaluation; comportment

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INFLUENCE DE DIFFERENTS SYSTEMES DE FERTILISATION SUR UNE PRAIRIE PERMANENTE DE VARCIOROVA (JUD. CARAS-SEVERIN) pag. 325-328

Răzvan Mihăilescu, Alexandru Moisuc

L’amélioration des prairies permanentes exploitées de manière extensive est un problème très actuel en Roumanie. Une de pratiques fréquemment utilisée est la fertilisation sous différentes formes (organique, minérale et/ou mixte). Dans le cadre de ce travail on essaye de comparer les trois systèmes de fertilisation sur une prairie permanente implantée sur un sol acide avec le pH 4.9, situé à Vârciorova dans le département de Caraş–Severin. Sur les trois systèmes de fertilisation on observe une augmentation de la matière sèche (MS) pour toutes les variantes de fertilisation comparativement au témoin. Les productions de matière sèche pour les trois systèmes sont comprises entre 2.06 t/ha (V1, fertilisation organique) et 4.09 t/ha (V10, fertilisation mixte) mais ces valeurs ne sont pas significativement différentes entre les trois systèmes de fertilisation.

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prairie permanente; fertilisation organique; fertilisation minérale; fertilisation mixte

Presentation: oral

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LA DYNAMIQUE DE LA MATIERE SECHE DANS UNE PRAIRIE PERMANENTE DE MONTAGNE SOUS L’INFLUENCE DE LA FERTILISATION ORGANIQUE pag. 329-332

Vasile Juravle, Alexandru Moisuc

La gestion des prairies permanentes situées dans des régions montagneuses est un des principaux enjeux pour le développement de systèmes de production durables pour lesquels les contraintes majeures sont à la fois économiques et environnementales. La fertilisation organique peut être une des solutions pour obtenir une production suffisante de matière sèche à un bas prix. Dans ce travail on se propose d’étudier la dynamique de la matière sèche sur une prairie permanente implantée sur un sol acide (pH = 4.8) exploitée par fauche sur laquelle on a appliquée deux types de fumier (ovin et bovin) en différentes doses. Les résultats obtenus sur notre dispositif après trois années d’expérimentation montrent que les productions maximales ont été obtenues pour les variante V2 et V5 (10 t/ha annuellement fumier ovin et 20 t/ha tous les deux ans fumier bovin respectivement).

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prairie permanente; fertilisation organique; matière sèche

Presentation: oral

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PRODUCTIVITY OF PRATO-ECOSYSTEMS USED FOR GRAZING pag. 333-336

Corina Ruşeţ, Carmen Durău, Elena Tonea

Pasture utilization for grazing represents one of the possibilities of using such areas efficiently, aiming especially at animal production. This paper work represents a study carried out during a few years upon the yield achieved in two pasture types, located in Ciacova, district of Timiş.

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yield; prato-ecosystem; grazing

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THE MOST HARMFUL WEED SPECIES OF CANOPY OF MAIZE IN MARGINAL GROWING REGIONS OF SLOVAKIA pag. 339-342

Štefan Týr, Milan Macák, Eva Demjanová

The results of the weed survey on arable land conducted in 1997-2005 in the Slovak Republic were applied to asses the distribution and occurrence of weed species with respect to their importance and harmfulness in maize fields situated in marginal production region. Four infestation levels from weak to heavy were used. One or two maize field on each 16 pilot farms situated in selected region according crop rotation and tillage and weed management has been evaluated. The most troublesome weeds were established late emerging spring weeds Atriplex spp. and Chenopodium spp. in sugar beet production region. Amaranthus retroflexus L., Atriplex spp., Chenopodium spp. dominated also in maize field in potato production region. The results are discussed in relation to harmfulness between production regions.

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weed density; weed diversity; maize

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COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDE TREATMENTS IN MAIZE IN HUNGARY pag. 343-348

Maria Torma, I. Kovács, J. Simon

In South-East Hungary the weather conditions generally are dry in spring so the efficacy of preemergence weed control methods is not sufficient. Most preemergence herbicide requires 10-20 mm of precipitation within 2 weeks after application to increase their effectiveness. Experiments were conducted in Hódmezővásárhely, southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain in 2005 and 2006 to study different postemergence weed control technologies in small plots in maize. The characteristic weeds on the experimental plots were the Sorghum halepense, Datura stramonium, Chenopodium album, C. hybridum, and Amaranthus retroflexus. The efficacy of the herbicide combinations against dicotyledonous weeds was very similar in the two years. Herbicide treatments contain nicosulfuron combined dicamba + bentazone or mesotrione or tritosulfuron + dicamba and rimsulfuron + dicamba combination controlled dicot weeds with a very good result. The efficacy of foramsulfuron + isoxadifen-ethyl against Chenopodim species was moderate, while florasulam + 2,4 D killed these weeds with a low level of efficacy. In 2005 - when the weather was hot and rainy 2 weeks before and after the treatment - we observed an excellent weed control result against Sorghum halepense. The efficacy of the herbicides was a bit poorer in 2006 because of the cold and too rainy weather. None of the examined herbicide combinations injured maize. At harvesting yield was measured and the data was analysed by variance analysis. Significant yield loss of maize was observed caused by the high weed infestation on those plots where the herbicide effect against weeds was low and on the untreated plots.

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maize; postemergence weed control; adjuvant; Sorghum halepense; dicot weeds

Presentation: oral

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PESTICIDES AND FOOD PRODUCTION pag. 349-354

Bojana Bekić, M. Jeločnik, B. Katić

Providing enough amounts of food, for fast growing world population, is one of the largest problem of modern society. The data from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2006), are showing us minatory number of people on the planet today (approximately 7 billion). Due to intensive development of science and technology during the last decades, a large number of very effective and inexpensive pesticides were synthesized, which is with increase of arable land areas, influenced on total agricultural production growth in the world. However, production of enough quantity of food (as well as food surplus, whose storage is very expensive) is a characteristic of developed countries, while so called third world countries still have hunger problems. The period of highly chemicalized intensive modern agriculture, in which pesticides are having main role, enabled triple of yield per sowed hectare, and on the first sight gave positive solution of hunger problem. However, excessive and unreasonable use of pesticides and other chemical preparations brought us to the extreme degradation of all environment’s elements (soil, water, air, flora and fauna). Destruction of natural resources with permanent pollution, in the end, lead to decrease of yield per hectare and production of food contaminated with pesticides and other materials dangerous for human health. The philosophy of unlimited growth and development must be changed with new philosophy of sustainable development, which considers development balanced with needing of nature protection. One of the solutions, can be agricultural orientation toward organic production, which exclude use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture. Organic agriculture, as an ideal harmony of environment and agriculture production, can actively help the process of sustainable management of natural resources. Healthy food, produced by methods of organic agriculture, in balance with biologic and ecologic regularity, enables the sustain of human population viability. Therefore, the future of next generation and survive of human species largely depends on activities we take today.

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organic agriculture; food production; environmental protection; sustainable development

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CONTRIBUTION CONCERNING THE METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSING AGGRESSIVENESS OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM TURCICUM PAS. THAT PRODUCES HELMINTHOSPORIOSIS OR NORTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT pag. 355-360

Gheorghe Popescu, Floarea Adam, D. Jurca

Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. is the main leaf parasite of corn that encounters problems for plant inbreeders, and the cultivators suffer average loses in comparison with other continents as is North America where the loses are sometimes very important. In the experimental field from Şagu (Arad County area), we have realised a comparative crop with eight corn hybrids produced by “Afumaţi Pioneer Research Centre” of “Pioneer Dupont Company” during 2006. This comparative crop is analysed under the aspect of Helminthosporium turcicum attack. For the data registered during 10-12 September, we have a repetition with 10 plants, and after eliminations, there remained 116 plants that have entered in experimental calculus. Observation phenophase is ten leaves. Classical study methodology refers to the aggressiveness as referring to corn plants, and the new study methods are having in view to establish these parasitic features at the leaves level, following this the aggressiveness for a hybrid is the average from the plants and leaves level. This method appreciate more accurate the hybrids comportment with very important aspects for inbreeders and corn cultivators. PR 37D25 hybrid is considered by “Pioneer Dupont Company” as tolerant for Helminthosporium turcicum and Ostrinia nubilalis being considered good as control variant. Fungus aggressiveness for PR 39D81, PR 38R92, PR 38A24, PR 37D25, PR 37M34, PR 37 W05, PR 35P12, PR 36R67 hybrids is average being comprised between 43.19% (control variant) and 87.1% in case of extra-early hybrid PR 39D81 at plants level. At leaves level the fungus aggressiveness is almost a half (40.7-59.2%), and on hybrids level the amplitude variability is 34.93-60.75%, after the new study method. Is very important to include the corn hybrids on a scale as resistant, medium resistant, or tolerant and sensitive, and is also important to compare them with the aggressiveness values from the plants level. Analysed hybrids are not containing major genes (Ht1, Ht2, Ht3, and HtN), minor, or their combinations. The tolerance of PR 37D25 is genetically controlled, but not with resistance genes.

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Helminthosporium turcicum; Drechslera turcica; aggressiveness; resistance; Zea may

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GENETIC MODELS CONCERNING PLANT RESISTANCE AT DISEASES WITH SPECIAL REFERRING TO POWDERY MILDEW PRODUCED BY BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F. SPEC. TRITICI pag. 361-365

Gheorghe Popescu, Otilia Cotuna

Concerning plant resistance for diseases, respectively of the genes is activating as it follows: non-specific genes – non-specific resistance and specific genes – specific resistance, this classification being realised on the background of “genes functionality”. In this work are presented models of non-specific genetic resistance that has as models synthesis works “SA, JA, ethylene and disease resistance in plants” by XINIANG DONG and “Infection structures of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogens” by SARAH E. PERFECT, JONATHAN R. GREEN. Non-specific or conservative resistance is expressed with the help of plant phenotype with the help of a response of systemic acquired resistance – SAR and induced systemic resistance – ISR. SAR path that helps the plants to avoid diseasing with powdery mildew are: hypersensitive resistance (RH), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, calmodulin (CA ++ ) and perhydrole (H 2 O 2 ). ISR is a plant response for physiopathic factor, non-infectious and for the infectious factor. During 2003-2004 at S.C.D.A. Lovrin where implemented 27 wheat varieties in SAR and ISR and we have concluded next aspects: resistance is determined by non-specific genes and their activity are leading in time in wheat plant cells defensive proteins for pathogen factors (PR) preserved by PAMPs (Pathogen associated molecular patterns) and salvation as in case of physiopathic factors. These two variants (defending and curing) are implying to provide biological and organic wheat harvests, qualitative and quantitative.

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genes; powdery mildew; specific and non-specific resistance; ethylene; calmodulin; perhydrole

Presentation: oral

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WHEAT POWDERY MILDEW PSEUDORESISTANCE PRODUCED BY BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F. SP. TRITICI THROUGH PREEXISTENT AND POSTINFECTION STRUCTURAL MECHANISM pag. 367-370

Gheorghe Popescu, Otilia Cotuna, Floarea Adam

Biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis in wheat can produce quantitative and qualitative loses. In these condition prevention and control of this parasite fungus can be realised through the application of the modern concept of plant protection “Integrated plant protection”. This complex system provides constant qualitative and quantitative yields, and the non pollutant subsystem that is also economically is “genetic control”, respectively the genetic resistance of the wheat plants. Wheat varieties are avoiding the incidence of powdery mildew, or are diminishing the fungus aggressiveness and virulence through structural and genetic mechanisms. Structural mechanisms are imprinting a false resistance of a pseudoresistance, or non-specific that is provided by the presence in wheat varieties by pre-existent structures as is the cuticula, epidermal cells membrane and his impregnation of it with different organic substances, ectoderm and pilosity and “de novo” postinfectional structures as are apresoria – MA and haustorial MAT-EH. In fact the glycoproteins are produced by the wheat varieties genes. These structures are determined by pseudoresistance being in fact the defending responses of the wheat varieties (Dor, Falnic, Gruia, Gloria and Bercsy studied during 2003-2005) to the action of evolutionary and conservative genome of the fungus – PAMPs, and also by the activity of resistance genes Pm (powdery mildew).

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powdery mildew; wheat; pseudoresistance; genes; preexistent and postinfection structures

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES ON THE REDUCTION OF THE WEEDINESS LEVEL IN WINTER WHEAT THROUGH THE FERTILIZER APPLICATION pag. 371-374

Narcisa Babeanu, D. Marin, Gh. Budoi, O. Popa

Our paper presents the result of the researches performed during 2003-2005 period at the experimental field Moara Domnească. Has been performed an experiment bifactorial, 4x2 (fertilizers x herbicide treatments). To establish the contribution of the chemical fertilizers on weediness and on herbicide treatments reduction in wheat crop has been the main objective of the research. It has been established that the level of the weediness reduction is increasing with the fertilizers doses, and during the vegetation. The report green/dry weeds’ weight is reducing during the vegetation period.

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weediness reduction; green and dry weights

Presentation: oral

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PRESENT POSSIBILITIES FOR DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LE CONTE CONTROL WITHIN THE NEW CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE pag. 375-380

Cornelia Ciobanu

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte, a pest of corn, relative recently penetrated in Romania (1996) from west part of country, created in a short time a very numerous and dangerous population. The research made in 2005 – 2006 period at Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, furnish evidence of agrophytotechnical and chemical measures role in limiting of wide-spread area in new zones and for diminishing of caused losses by this pest.

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degree attack of larvae and adults; crop rotation; density and seeding period; efficacy of insecticides

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RESEARCH RESULTS CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME PEAR TREE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS UNDER THE ATTACK OF THE MAIN DISEASES AND PESTS IN THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AT LUGOJ HERDINESTI pag. 381-387

Gheorghe Simeria, N. Nicorici, Snejana Damianov, Ramona Chiriţă, Ioana Grozea, Măriuţa Băncilă

The objective of our researches was to get to know the new hybrid elites and also the new pear tree varieties, with regards to their behaviour under the attack of the main diseases (Venturia pirina, Mycosphaerella sentina) and pests (Psylla piri), in the climatic and soil conditions from Lugoj area. Similar researches in pear tree have never been carried out so far in Banat; actually this is the first pear tree collection founded in 1998. A part of the hybrids studied were homologated per periods of research as new pear tree varieties (72-32-62-Virgiliu hibernal; 58-12-55-Milenium). Our researches have supervised two diseases (Venturia pirina and Mycosphaerella sentina) and one pest (Psylla piricola), specific as presence in young pear tree orchards. The practical implications have consisted in the introduction of some new pear tree varieties in the variety range from Banat, namely Euras, Milenium and Virgiliu hibernal.

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pear; hybrid elite; variety; diseases

Presentation: oral

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CIRSIUM ARVENSE (L.) SCOP.: AN UNWANTED PRESENCE IN WINTER WHEAT CROPS pag. 387-392

Dan Nicolae Manea, Gheorghe Cârciu, Aurel Lăzureanu, Simion Alda

Research was carried out over two years (2004-2005 and 2005-2006) on the trial field of the Department of Agricultural technology and Weed Science of the Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat in Timişoara, Romania, on a slightly salified vertosoil. The trial was mono-factorial. We monitored the efficiency of weed control, in particular of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. using ten different post-emergent herbicides. The best results in diminishing weeding degree (over 92.00%) compared to the control treated with the classical product SDMA Super 1 l/ha, concerning both total weeding and horse thistle were the result of applying the herbicide Dialen Super 0.90 l/ha and Premiant 1 l/ha, respectively. On all the trial plots, 30 days after application, and particularly 60 days after application, there was a regeneration trend in horse thistle shoots. All the herbicides we tested were very selective for the winter wheat cultivar we cultivated (Lovrin 49), with no symptoms of phyto-toxicity.

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winter wheat; weeds; Cirsium arvense (LL.) Scop.; control; post-emergent herbicides

Presentation: oral

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STRATEGIES OF CHEMICAL CONTROL IN THE SPECIES XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. IN MAIZE CROPS pag. 393-398

Dan Nicolae Manea, Simion Alda, Aurel Lăzureanu, Gheorghe Cârciu

Maize, the most widespread tillage crop in Romania, is known as being very sensible to weeding, particularly during the first stages of vegetation. A problem-weed in maize crops is the species Xanhium strumarium L., popularly called mouse ear or thistle. In this paper we aim at establishing some of the most efficient pre-emergent herbicides in the control of this species in the grain maize crops. Research was carried out during the years 2005 and 2006, at the Didactic Station of the Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat in Timişoara (România) on a cambic chernozem. The trial was mono-factorial with four replications. The best results in the control of the species Xanhium strumarium L. were ensured by the herbicide Cambio-2.5 l/ha (96.80% in 2005 and 95.20% in 2006), closely followed by the herbicide Premiant-1l/ha. None of the tested products resulted in phyto-toxicity symptoms in the cultivated maize hybrid, Florencia (P 3573 ). Grain maize yields were visibly influenced on one hand by some of the performances of the herbicides in the control of the mouse ear and on the other hand by the climate conditions of the two years, the year 2006 being more favourable for maize crop.

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maize; weeds; Xanhium strumarium L., control; herbicide; crop

Presentation: oral

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ON THE BEHAVIOR OF A SUNFLOWER ASSORTMENT TO THE ATTACK BY MAIN PATHOGENS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIDACTIC STATION OF THE USAMVB TIMIŞOARA pag. 399-402

Adrian Borcean, Dan Nicolae Manea, Lucian Botoş, Levente Molnar

In the present paper are presented results for the year 2006 concerning the behaviour of an assortment of 25 sunflower hybrids from Monsanto to pathogen attack, in the natural conditions of the Didactic Station of the Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Timişoara.

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sunflower; pathogens; natural conditions

Presentation: oral

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OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOUR OF A CONVARIETY OF MAIZE TO THE ATTACK BY USTILAGO MAYDIS UNDER THE WEATHER CONDITIONS IN 2002 OF THE DIDACTIC STATION OF THE U.S.A.M.V.B. IN TIMIŞOARA pag. 403-406

Adrian Borcean, Gheorghe David, Levente Molnar

On the common field conditions and climatic conditions from the year 2002, at Didactic Station of USAMVB, a number of convarieties and hybrids of have a different behaviour to the attack of common smut caused by fungus Ustilago maydis. Both, field readings and statistic results of the attack are in the tables 1 and 2 and could be a source of information for researchers which have to choose a gene source for pathogens resistance breeding.

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Ustilago maydis; maize convarieties

Presentation: oral

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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL TRIALS OF INVASIVE SPECIES FROM MAIZE AGROECOSYSTEMS BY EXPLOITATION OF INDIGENOUS NATURAL ENEMIES pag. 407-410

Ioana Grozea, Alin Cărăbeţ, Ramona Chiriţă, Ana Maria Badea, Florin Prunar, Floarea Adam

Current trends in control regard this method because high efficiency and non-pollutants effects of course. In this way, it follows protection of useful scale from agroecosystems and their exploitation in control of invasive population. Incidence of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera in Europe and Romania attract the specialist’s attention and European organisms regarding substantial changes, which save the yield. For distinguish the frequency zones of invasive species accomplished a statistics for establish research locations from abundant zones of Diabrotica species dependent on last years monitoring. The results distinguish the follow zones: Timişoara (783 – 900 adults), Jimbolia (603 – 4030 adults), Deta (712 – 1901 adults), Lovrin (656 – 1975 adults), Peciul Nou (898 – 1481 adults), and Şag – Arad (903 - 2000 adults). It were take the soil and surface samples for establish the presence of control biological agents. The maximum appearance period of invasive species is very important in establishing the analogy with appearance of predator’s species. From natural enemies of Diabrotica v. can be notice spiders: Theridion impressum (Araneae: Theriidae), Agriope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae) Speira diademata (Araneae: Araneidae), Pseudophomus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae). In specialty literature from our country there not information or research results regarding the biological control of pests, so we intend to make known to all interested persons in health plants some ecological alternatives by pest reduction and damage level, too.

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biological control; natural enemies; Diabrotica v.

Presentation: oral

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DIVERSITY OF INSECT PESTS FROM COLZA CROPS IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 411-416

Ioana Grozea, Georgeta Pop, Alin Cărăbeţ, Snejana Damianov, Otilia Cotuna, Silvia Mureşan

In the last time the colza crops is attack by numerous insect coleopterans: (Meligethes aeneus – blossom beetle, Ceutourhychus napi Gyll. – rape stem weevil), hymenopterans (Athalia rosae – colossed sawfly) and heteropteres (Euryderma ornata L – red cabbage bug). The damages caused by these various between 25 and 50%. The failing information at national and local level can be another raison for importance of colza cropping. The success of this crop through quantitative and qualitative yields depends of theoretically and practical knowledge in plant protection field. The observations were made in Experimental Field from BUASCVMT, during 2005 and 2006 years. The studied breeds were following: Ontario, Savannah, Belini, Potomac, Ader, Culvert, Tennessee, Milena, Attila and L.G (for 2005) and supplementary: Remy, Rodeo, Triangle, Ader, Alure (for 2006). It were organized varieties with different sowing densities especially of Alaska breed (8-9 IX-d 1 12.5 cm, d 2 25 cm, d 3 37.5 cm; 21 IX-d 1 12.5 cm, d 2 25 cm, d 3 37.5 cm and 2X-d 1 12.5 cm, d 2 25 cm, d 3 37.5 cm). For Attila breed were studied the presence of insects in different sowing time (I – 1- 10 IX; II – 10 – 20 IX and III – 20 – 30 IX). A great variability was observed at Milena, Ontario and L.G (Eurydema ornata, Psylliodes crysocephala, Calocoris norvegicus, Meligethes aeneus, Athalia rosae, Ceuthorrynchus quadridens, and Epicometis hirta). The breeds L.G and Potomac were the most affected by the pests, while Ader, Culvert, and Tennessee were more repellent to them. The presence of insect pests in great number in varieties LG and Savannah caused significantly yield diminution 000 (-277; -1755).

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insect pests; diversity; colza crop; varieties

Presentation: oral

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THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME APPLE TREE VARIETIES UNDER THE ATTACK OF THE LEAF BLISTER MOTH LEUCOPTERA SCITELLA IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF 2006 AT THE S.D.E. TIMIŞOARA pag. 417-420

Snejana Damianov, Gheorghe Simeria, Doru Ion Petanec, Ioana Grozea, Olimpia Iordănescu, Ciprian George Fora

The objective of our researches was to identify the varieties with associated resistance to diseases and pests – an important objective for the rationalizing and reduction of the chemical treatments, production expenses and, implicitly, of the environmental pollution. We have observed a significant presence of the pest Leucoptera scitella Zell in the apple orchard belonging to the Didactic Station Timisoara, in 2006. This has determined us to begin the researches upon the apple tree behaviour. The observations carried out during the last decade of August, when the attack was maximal, have led to the conclusions that: the varieties Florina and Pionier were slightly attacked, proving a good resistance (RB) towards the attack of this pest, the varieties Generos and Romus were moderately attacked (RM), and the variety Ionathan was strongly attacked (RS).

more abstract
pear; hybrid elite; variety; diseases

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF PAEONIA SUFFRUTICOSA AND HEDERA HELIX EXTRACTS ON PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS AND PSEUDOPERONOSPORA CUBENSIS ZOOSPORE RELEASE AND GERMINATION pag. 421-424

Alin Cărăbeţ, Karl Fritz Lauer

In this paper, we studied the influence of some plant extracts upon Phytophthora infestans and Pseudoperonospora cubensis zoospores releasing and germination. We have tested the extracts obtained from Paeonia suffruticosa and Hedera helix macerated in acetone in different concentrations. There was observed the inhibition of zoospores releasing and germination.

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plant extracts downy mildew of tomatoes and cucurbits; zoospore releasing; zoospore germination

Presentation: oral

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THE SPRUCE PROTECTION AGAINST THE PEST IPS TYPOGRAPHUS L. (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) THROUGH STEM INJECTION WITH BIOLOGIC INSECTICIDE NEEMAZAL –T/S pag. 425-430

Ciprian George Fora, Karl Fritz Lauer

The effectiveness of NeemAzal-T/S insecticide used against Ips typographus L. bark beetle was assessed by using the method based on solution injection with 4% concentra-tion in spruce tree trunks. The method is nonpolluting both concerning the insecticide as well as the way of solution administration (the solution does not get in contact with the environment).The effectiveness on pest larva control was of 90% at 2-2.5 m trunk height, 87% at 4.5 – 5 m, 79% at 7 -7.5 m, 82% at 9.5-10 m, 85% at 12 -12.5 m, 62% at 14.5- 15 m and 75% at 17- 17.5 m. Considering that none of the individuals managed to undergo pupa stage it has been assessed that the insecticide efficacy on pupae was of 100% for all samples. Nevertheless, such studies are still in their initial stage and are the first to be performed in the country the method is still requiring improvement. Our studies clearly demonstrate that spruce trees may be protected against Ips typographus L. beetle by means of such methods.

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NeemAzal; stem injection; Ips typographus; spruce protection

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE BIOLOGY OF THE PEST PITYOGENES CHALCOGRAPHUS L. (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE NĂDRAG - PADEŞ AREA (TIMIŞ COUNTY) pag. 431-438

Ciprian George Fora, Karl Fritz Lauer, Snejana Damianov

To establish the flight phenology of the insect Pityogenes chalcographus L. and the development of descendence on the year 205, were been delimited experimental points in representative forest stands with spruce from Nădrag-Padeş area. After recorded captures at pheromonal traps baited with aggregative synthetic pheromones we establish that the insect has two flights on year. The first flight is in April, May and June (76-94% from the flight on all growing season), and the second flight is in July and August (6-24% from the flight on all growing season). Has been established the length of each flight and the top of flight. Has been established the populations level. After periodically bark the trap stakes, as favourable place of oviposition, has been established the date of first entering of parents beetles, the date of appearance of first eggs, the length of egg, larval, pupal stadium, the date of appearance of first young adults and first mature adults, in forest stands al different altitude. Has been established that the insect have two generation on year.

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Pityogenes chalcographus; biology; Nădrag-Padeş

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STATISTIC ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC FACTORS INFLUENCE ON BLUMERIA GRAMINIS (D.C.) SPEER FUNGUS – POWDERY MILDEW, WITH ANOVA AND MULTIFACTORIAL CORRELATION pag. 439-444

Otilia Cotuna, Irina Oriol, Gheorghe Popescu

Air temperature, rainfalls, air relative humidity, dew, nebulosity and wind are climatic factors that are acting on powdery mildew-wheat tandem. Literature offers pieces of information only for the relationship with temperature and rainfalls. They have proposed a detailed research on mentioned climatic factors on fungus virulence during 2003-2005 with the help of a complete statistic interpretation with the help of SPSS programme. For statistic analysis they have introduced the data of those six climatic parameters and the fungus virulence data on 27 winter wheat varieties cultivated in the experimental plots from S.C.D.A. – Lovrin. Realised researches are allowing studies concerning the elaboration of a prognosis and warning programme for wheat powdery mildew control. They have worked with decade averages for all analysed variables. In model correlation determining they have used the exclusion of analysed factors. There have resulted five regression models that demonstrate the existence of interrelations among studied variables. For all the models the correlation coefficient is greater then 0.7 that shows the existence of interdependence among those analysed variables. Conclusions were next: the greatest influence on the increase of Blumeria graminis f. spec. tritici attack intensity, in conformity with the data obtained after the recording of empiric data is due to the next factors: relative humidity, rainfalls and temperature. The factor that cannot be excluded from the attack intensity analysis and influences conidia dispersal of the fungus is the wind.

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Blumeria graminis; temperature; rainfalls; wind; relative humidity; dew; nebulosity; virulence; statistics

Presentation: oral

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FUNGICIDE APPLYING EFFECT ON BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F. SP. TRITICI AND WINTER WHEAT YIELD, WITH DIFFERENT REACTION FOR POWDERY MILDEW pag. 445-448

Otilia Cotuna, Gheorghe Popescu, Ioana Grozea

Fungicides effect on powdery mildew and wheat yield is studied in an experience placed at S.C.D.A. Lovrin. The purpose of this study is to register if the yield differences among treated variant and tester (no treated) are significant. In this experience are investigated and treated 25 winter wheat varieties with different reaction in case of Blumeria graminis f. spec. tritici attack (R – resistant, MR – medium resistant, S – sensitive). Because in experience are used some fungicides those 25 winter wheat varieties are divided in four groups: three groups with six varieties and a group with seven varieties. There is tested the fungicides efficiency on the background of natural infection. All the data are statistically analysed. The treatment with fungicides (fenpropimorph and epoxyconazole, triflumizol and clorotalonil, ciproconazol and propiconazol, azoxystrobin) from this experience is executed at 49-50 growth stage (after Zadocks scale – ear emergence). The disease where present in experimental field during treatment applying. Fungicides efficiency is appreciated as: very good for fenpropimorph and epoxyconayole in case of Arieşan sensitive variety and very good for medium resistant varieties from first varieties group; very good for triflumizol and clorotalonil (Boema sensitive variety) and totally efficient for the other varieties from second group; very good and totally effective for ciproconazol and propiconazol (Izvor, Turda 2000, and Ciprian sensitive varieties); satisfying and good action for azostrobin case of Partizanka and Bezostaia sensitive varieties. The yields obtained in the case of treatment experience are superior in comparison with non-treated variant; these proving that the fungicides from mixtures are biologically compatible and are influencing positively plants biochemistry in a positive way.

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fungicides; Blumeria graminis; varieties; powdery mildew; yield; virulence

Presentation: oral

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THE DYNAMICS OF THE BIRDS’FOOT TREFOIL THRIPS (ODONTOTHRIPS LOTI HAL.) POPULATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE S.D. TIMIŞOARA pag. 449-454

Ana Maria Badea, Ioan Pălăgeşiu, Ioana Grozea

An important aspect at the production of birds – foot trefoil seed, besides the insurance of favourable pedo-climatic conditions was the resistance of that plant to the diseases and pests. One of the most important pests, which produced the biggest damage is the birds’foot trefoil thrips (Odontothrips loti Hal.). Although mentioned in the specific literature, that pest was a little studied in our country and in that context, the paper emphasized the ones experimental data concerning the dynamics of the birds – foot trefoil thrips, adults and larvae. The entomological material, which constituted the object of this study, was collected from one agro ecosystem, at the Didactic Station from Timişoara. The experimentation was placed after the standard method according to the specific literature indications, and the samples were collected with the help of metrical frame of 0.5/0.5 m. The collected insects were prepared, determined and preserved in the Entomology Laboratory of the Agricultural University from Timişoara. Through the monitorizations, which tacked place from 48 hours to 48 hours, resulted that the first adults signal was registered in the second decade of the June month. The biggest number of the catch adults was registered in the date of 28.06.2006, 42 samples, and the biggest number of collected larvae was registered in the date of 10.07.2006, 13 samples. The last captures were registered in the second decade of the July month. The knowledge of the dynamics characteristics of the thrips populations contributes to the establishment of the best moment of applying the treatments concerning the integrated controlling of the mother tree birds – foot trefoil pest.

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birds’ foot trefoil; populations; dynamics; Odontothrips loti

Presentation: oral

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THE ANALYSIS OF SOME PESTICIDES IN THE BIRDS – FOOT TREFOIL THRIPS (ODONTOTHRIPS LOTI HAL.) CONTROL pag. 455-460

Ana Maria Badea, Ioan Pălăgeşiu

At the birds – foot trefoil crop one of the most important aspects is the production of seed, so for the realisation of an integrated protection of a superior quality seed and in a great quantity, is necessary to know the insects that produce the most important damages to this crop. One of these insects is the birds – foot trefoil thrips (Odontothrips loti Hal.). For realizing the chemical treatments in the years 2004 and 2005, the experimental field was placed at the Production and Investigation Station for the Fields Crop from Timişoara. The experimental field was formed from 3 repetitions, each repetition having 7 variants. The usage of pesticides was the same in the all two years of the experimentation, as follows:; V 1 – treated with Fastac 10 EC; V 2 - treated with Mospilan 20 SP; V 3 - treated with Calypso 480 SC; V 4 - treated with Confidor 70 WG; V 5 - treated with Actellic 50 EC; V 6 - treated with Decis 2,5 EC; V 7 – untreated testifier. In the year 2004 the most efficient product in controlling the birds – foot trefoil thrips is the Actellic 50 EC product, which had an efficaciousness coefficient of 90% and the lowest results were obtained after the usage of Confidor 70 WG product, with an efficaciousness coefficient, it was of 4%. In the year 2005 the best results were obtained after the usage of same product Actellic 50 EC, which had an efficaciousness coefficient of 69,5%, and the lowest results were obtained after the usage of Mospilan 20 SP product, with an efficaciousness coefficient of 43,3%

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pesticides; birds – foot trefoil thrips; control

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE OF POTATO APHID FAUNA STRUCTURE FROM S.D TIMIŞOARA pag. 461-466

Liana Mihaela Fericean, Ioan Pălăgeşiu

Paper presents data referring to the abundance and dominance of aphid species from potato cultivations, for a period of two years 2005-2006, from Didactic Station Timisoara. The potato aphid fauna are not studied in West Plain of Romania. The knowlege of potato aphid fauna structure constitute a basic element of the integrated potato pests control.

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potato; aphids; fauna; abundance; dominance

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOME INSECTICIDE USED IN THE POTATO APHID CONTROL pag. 467-472

Liana Mihaela Fericean, Ioan Pălăgeşiu

The researches, carried out during 2005-2006 in potato field at Didactic Station (STN) Timişoara revealed the fact that the most efficient products in aphids control were: Mospilan 20 SP and Regent 200 SC Were tested two insecticides for treatment of tubercles and four insecticides for treatment during the vegetation.

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control; insecticides efficiency; aphids; potato

Presentation: oral

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PEST CONTROL OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA HÜBNER IN MAIZE IN THE WESTERN PLAIN (ROMANIA) pag. 473-476

Narcisa Crista, Ioan Pălăgeşiu

In this paper, we present results of a study on the pest Helicoverpa armigera Hb. in maize at the Didactic Station in Timişoara in 2006. We made observations concerning the behaviour of the pest and we tested the efficiency of some insecticides in order to control it.

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Helicoverpa armigera; maize; behaviour of the pest; pest management

Presentation: oral

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AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L.: A SEGETAL SPECIES WITH A TENDENCY TO EXPANSION IN THE TIMIS COUNTY pag. 477-482

Alina Fărcăşescu, Karl Fritz Lauer

The anthropic activity determines the expansion or reduction of the habitats of plant species. The commercial exchanges of seeds and the acclimatization ability of the segetal species to various pedoclimatic conditions, may determine the exceeding of adventive species level and move towards species with a wider habitat, often cosmopolite species. Under this aspect, it is chronologically and ecologically analyzed the species Ambrosia artemisiifolia which can become problematic in the Western Plains of Romania in the years to come, considering its tendency to develop from a ruderal into a segetal species.

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Ambrosia artemisiifolia; invasive plants; allergies; Banat

Presentation: oral

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ERIOCHLOA VILLOSA (THUNB.) KUNTH: A NEW SPECIES FOR THE BANAT FLORA pag. 483-488

Alina Fărcăşescu, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Alina Georgeta Neacşu

We notify the presence of Eriochloa villosa in Timis County, which was encountered in maize, soybean and on neighbouring abandoned fields. There is presented: chorology, distribution of woolly cupgrass, its morphological, biological and ecological characteristics and the new and efficient management practices regarding Eriochloa control.

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Eriochloa villosa; weeds; adventive; root crops; Banat

Presentation: oral

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SETTING ATTACK FREQUENCY PRODUCED BY THE LARVAE OF DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LE CONTE IN THE ARAD AREA pag. 489-494

Floarea Adam, Ioana Grozea, Gheorghe Popescu, Dorin Jurca

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm) is certainly the most damaging pest among the pest species found in corn crops from the western part of Romania. Attack frequency of this pest is analyzed in an experience placed near Şagu locality – S.C. Agrogil, Arad County area. The purpose of this work is to establish the damages produced by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera pest larvae on corn plants. In this way, during 2006 there were studied eight corn hybrids from different maturity groups with American origin. These researches will allow us to establish the role of this pest on the amplifying of corn pathological systems under epidemic view (Zea mays - Fusarium roseum, Zea mays - Ustilago maydis, Zea mays - Helminthosporium turcicum, pathogens monitored during 2006). After the result analysis we can conclude the next: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae attack amplitude varies between 5.17% and 13.78%, values registered in case of PR 36K67 and PR 39D81 hybrids. Control variant is represented by PR 37D25 a half-early hybrid and it has shown a 5.45% attack percentage. Statistically are registered very distinctively significant and distinctively significant attacks in case of PR 39D81, PR 38R92 and PR 37M34 hybrids in comparison with the tester. The other hybrids show small differences in comparison with the tester, not statistically provided, but these differences are important from practical point of view.

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Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte; hybrid; corn; larvae; frequency

Presentation: oral

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OBSERVATION CONCERNING ZEA MAYS – FUSARIUM ROSEUM AND ZEA MAYS – USTILAGO MAYDIS PATHOGENIC SYSTEM AT MAIZE HYBRIDS CREATED BY PIONEER DUPONT COMPANY pag. 495-498

Floarea Adam, Gheorghe Popescu, Dorin Jurca

Corn hybrids PR 39D81 (extra-early), PR 38R92 (early), PR 38A24 (half-early), PR 37D25 (half-early), PR 37M34 (half-early), PR 37W05 (half-early), PR 35P12 (half-late), PR 36K67 (half-late) are tested in Arad County area (Şagu – SC. Agrogil) for natural infection with Fusarium roseum and Ustilago maydis parasite fungi. The company specifies tolerance for Ustilago maydis in case of PR 38R92 and PR 37W05 hybrids, but they have any reference for Fusarium roseum, this situation influencing our decision concerning the realisation of this study. Fusarium roseum fungus aggressiveness oscillates between 4.79% and 45.0% registered in case of PR 35P12 and PR 38R92. In comparison with PR 37D25 tester variant are registered infection increases statistically provided by PR 38R92 (early), PR 37W05 (half-early) and PR 36K67 (half-late). In case of PR 35P12 is registered a decrease of infection from statistical point of view, this hybrid maintaining also the signification trend in comparison with the experience average (-25.77%). Ustilago maydis attack is extremely damaging in hybridising plots, but in our case is low except control variant – PR 37D25 where the aggressiveness is 8.54% and PR 37W05 half-early hybrid (14.5%). In the case of these two variants, the results are statistically provided as very distinctively significant in comparison with the experience average that is 7.58%. There are not registered an attack in case of PR 38A24, PR 37M34 and PR 36K67, which will be studied during the next years. There is recommended special protection measures for kernels affected by Fusarium roseum during storage and Ustilago maydis in hybridising plots and especially in case of ice drops falling down.

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Fusarium roseum; Ustilago maydis; Zea mays; pathosystem; aggressiveness

Presentation: oral

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THE SPREADING OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES COMMON RAGWEED (AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L.): A QUARANTINE WEED IN THE NORTH-WEST OF ROMANIA pag. 499-502

N. Hodişan, G. Morar

mbrosia artemisiifolia L. is an herbaceous plant annually producing seeds (terophytes), with late germination, identified in the North- West of Romania, on large areas since the year 1991. As a consequence of the invasive character of the species and the spread along the roads, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. species spread out towards the South and the centre of Romania and continues to spread. This paper presents the evolution of the species spreading in the North- West and the West of Romania in the last years.

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common ragweed; Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.; spreading; the North-West and the West of Romania

Presentation: oral

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RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF SOME TECHNOLOGICAL FACTS ON YIELD AND YIELD QUALITY OF SOME AUTUMN CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF BANAT pag. 503-506

Valeriu Tabără, Georgeta Pop, Simona Niţă, Ladislau Wagner, Iuliana Tabără (Maior), Georgiana Olteanu, Monica Prodan

In normal climate conditions and with good technology, Romania could produce yearly over 10 million t of wheat, of which about 6-7 t for bread-making (Tabara, 2004-2005). Romania has a series of very good wheat cultivars developed by the I.C.C.T. Fundulea, S.C.D.A. Lovrin, S.C.D.A. Turda, and others. The variation of bread-making quality indices from one year to another is due to a complex of factors among which the most important are climate and technology (fertilising and harvesting).

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wheat; bread-making quality indices; climatic factors; technological factors

Presentation: oral

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