Vol 54, No 1 (2022)
A NOTE ABOUT THE REGRESSIVE DYNAMICS OF THE VEGETATION IN SEMI-ARID AND ARID REGIONS: CASE OF THE MAGHNIA PLAIN (ORANIE-ALGERIA pag. 3-12
Mohamed AMARA 1,2, and Mohamed BOUAZZA 2The arid and semi-arid regions of the extreme west of Algeria represent in the current state, a transitional environment between the steppes and matorrals.The current vegetation cover, largely constituted by steppe species, allows us to understand what must have been the progressive evolution of plant structures and architectures; at least until the Trara; according to climatic modifications, then most often and in a regressive way; according to a human impact more and more present. This study on the dynamics is based on the phyto-ecological approach by comparison at the scale of the ecological station..The method of Transects is used to know the effect of the modifications of the environment (exposure, slope, ground...) on the distribution of the vegetation in other words to determine to understand the dynamics The results obtained are likely to provide us with valuable information as well on the evolution as on the situation of the degraded zones.Indeed, steppe and presteppe vegetation occupy important surfaces, but also in a more limited way almost everywhere in the region.The pre-steppe vegetation with xeric determinism has remained essentially confined to the altitudes, such as Pistacia, Pinus ,Olea etc., with an extremely low development and where the grassy and therophytic cover clearly dominates. Despite the intensity of anthropogenic degradation, the irreversibility stage is not yet achieved; since the advent of a rainy period leads to a more or less rapid recovery of the vegetation.
more abstractDynamics, Phyto-ecology, Arid/semi-arid, Matorral, Presteppe formation, Therophytization, Maghnia. ( Oranie- Algeria).
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE USE OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION FOR STIMULATING SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN FLAX pag. 13-20
Claudia BALINT1, Antonia ODAGIU1,*, Cristina MOLDOVAN1, P. BURDUHOS1, I. BRAȘOVEAN1In order to emphasize the influence of microwave irradiation for stimulating some quantitative traits in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seven varieties were took into consideration. Three cultivars are used for oil, two have mixed use, and one for fiber. The cultures were developed within the Didactical and Experimental Station Jucu, of UASVM Cluj-Napoca. A bifactorial experiment (F1 – variety, with seven graduations represented by the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars; F2 – irradiation, with two graduations, irradiated and non-irradiated seed) was developed, according to randomized blocks methodology. A microwave enclosure was used to create the electromagnetic field in the laboratory, in order to irradiate the seeds, which will be used in culture. An electromagnetic field was applied, informally modulated with a frequency of 2450 MHz and 750 W with a power level of 48 %. The influence of the microwave field on some growth and productive traits in linen culture is quantified using the following indices: the emergence percentage, plant height, seed yield, and oil production. The seed irradiation has different effects on analyzed indices, function of cultivar. Majority of best performances are identified for irradiated experimental variants. The results of our study may contribute to the scientific and practical substantiation of the use in culture of an unconventional method of stimulating physiological processes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivation, which, correlated with the productive capacity of some cultivars lead to quantitative and qualitative increase of production.
more abstractcultivar, emerging percent, Linum usitatissimum L., oil, plant height, seed
Presentation: poster
DownloadEFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON MAIZE PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT NUTRIENT LEVELS pag. 21-29
Gábor BENCZEModern water management can influence the plant product in a very complex manner. Maize typically utilizes the water resources of the soil, which is also due to its extensive root stock. The optimal water requirement under the breeding time is 400-450 mm. From the point of view of maize water demand, however, the summer months are the most critical and during this period the daily water consumption varies between 4 and 6 mm. In the absence of precipitation, this amount of water should be replaced by irrigation to achieve the right quality and amount of crops. 15-20% of irrigated areas are covered by maize, which is about 20 to 25 thousand hectares. During our research, we studied the yields of maize at four nutrients level, in irrigated and not irrigated conditions. Experimental parcels size 10m x 5m. The 5 m parcel width allows you to get 6 lines with a 76 cm row spacing in each one, so this was a small parcel experiment The results clearly demonstrated that irrigation is an inevitable factor in the economical cultivation of maize, even at a vintage when it is in the most important period of maize, that is, there is an adequate amount of water in the natural precipitation at the time of flowering, but at the time of true crop training should be counted The research was carried in Szarvas, at the school experimental field of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Irrigation and Melioration, in 2021.
more abstractmaize, irrigation, yield, long term experiment
Presentation: poster
DownloadFACTORS INFLUENCING THE PRICE OF ARABLE LAND IN HUNGARY pag. 30-36
Karoly, BODNAR, Zoltan Istvan, PRIVOCZKIIn this study, we looked for the answer to the question of what factors influence the development of the price of arable land with the help of Hungarian statistical data. Regular meeting with agricultural entrepreneurs also was source of actual information. The price of land in Hungary is rising by 5-10% on average every year. The average market price of arable land per hectare increased to HUF 1,969 million in 2021, which is a 14% increase compared to the previous year (HUF 1,727 million / ha) compared to last year. The average rent for arable land last year was HUF 81,957. The elimination of undivided areas has been preceded by huge expectations, but market experience shows that, despite the opportunity, the complicated administrative process is likely to deter many. Among the factors examined, natural factors (such as land quality, soil type, location, topography, natural waters) and economic and social factors (e.g. infrastructure, markets, labour supply, subsidies) are important. Prices are significantly affected by the irrigability of the area, for the development of which significant subsidies are currently available. It can also be considered a value-preserving investment for capital-intensive companies. The demand-supply relationship is modified by the fact that the pre-emption system in the current land trade legislation (Act CXXII of 2013 on the turnover of agricultural and forestry land) pursues the objective that land ownership should be acquired primarily by local farmers.
more abstractland trade, land price, regional differences, arable land
Presentation: poster
DownloadCHANGE DETECTION OF THE GRASSLAND SURFACES IN HUNEDOARA COUNTY BY LAND CHANGE MODELER pag. 37-46
Luminiţa COJOCARIU1, Loredana COPĂCEAN1,*, M. HORABLAGA1, C. BOSTAN1, Monica SFÎRCOCI1At the level of Hunedoara County, according to the National Institute of Statistics, deciduous forests (approx. 50%), grasslands (approx. 18%) and arable lands (approx. 10%) predominate in the structure of the land fund.. In the case of grasslands, the monitoring of their dynamics is of particular importance, in this process being identified the directions and behavior of grassland areas in relation to other components of the environment. One of the most effective land use monitoring procedures is that involving geospatial data and GIS and remote sensing methods. In the case of this study, the Corine Land Cover databases from 1990 and 2018 were used to highlight the changes in land use in Hunedoara County, in the mentioned time interval, and the main objective referred to the trends in "mobility" of grassland areas. Change analysis was performed by comparing geospatial data in Land Change Modeler, a tool implemented in TerrSet software. From 1990 to 2018, the area of pastures decreased by 13071 ha, and the area of natural grasslands increased by 17845 ha. In the “pasture” class, in addition to the changes produced by the inclusion of “natural grasslands”, 10776 ha were transformed into deciduous forests and 2763 ha were included in the category “agricultural land with natural vegetation”. The pastures gained areas by transforming the use classes of “complex crops” (6960 ha), fruit tree plantations (4990 ha) and as a result of the restriction of the built space (2840 ha). In the case of natural grasslands, the decrease of surface was due to their transition to the category of deciduous forests (1366 ha) and as a result of the expansion of non-agricultural areas (612 ha), and the increase of surface comes from the categories of pastures (14819 ha), complex crops (4323 ha) and shrub vegetation (1418 ha). The changes produced have been "spatialized" by maps of the changes through which different territorial analyzes can be made.
more abstractland use, grasslands, Land Change Modeler, change detection
Presentation: poster
DownloadLOWLAND ACCUMULATIONS IN TIMIȘ COUNTY FOR FLOOD PROTECTION pag. 47-54
Mihaela Ivona GURAN (COJOCINESCU)1, T. E. MAN1, R. BEILICCI1, Daniela STOICA (UNTARU)1, M. ILCA1, Elena Mariana CÎMPEAN (ARNĂUTU)2The paper presents the lowland accumulations in Timiș County and the purpose for which they were executed. As a result of heavy rains and runoff on the slopes, in Timis County, dozens of settlements were affected by floods, people were evacuated, homes, yards, cellars, streets, roads and even agricultural land were flooded. In order to ensure better protection against floods, in order to be able to cope with the consequences of floods, both on agricultural lands and for settlements related to watercourses, lowland accumulations have been set up. The accumulations are non-permanent and are arranged on poorly productive land with the capacity to retain large volumes of water. Floods are a natural phenomenon, nowhere in the world is there a zero risk of flooding. Land improvement works, including those for flood protection and drainage, began about 150 years ago in the surrounding area of Timisoara and its rivers, which was mostly swampy and muddy. Starting with the 18th century, impressive hydrotechnical works were started for sanitation, dams (creation of lowland accumulations) and even drainage. In parallel with the flood protection works, activities were also conducted to improve navigation, to supply the city of Timisoara with drinking water, as well as for industrial purposes. Many of these hydrotechnical works were modern in their time, in which he collaborated with famous specialists of the time, including the Dutchman Maximilian Emmanuel de Fremaut. In the 1970s, a number of hydrotechnical structures were designed, consisting of low-lying accumulations to accumulate water during floods, lowering the level of flooding downstream, and thus reducing the destructive effects of flooding. The paper presents a part of the hydrotechnical structures from the Timiş County river basin, which includes the following structures: 9 permanent accumulations, 12 non-permanent accumulations, 3 transfer channels in the nearby basins, 970 km of dams of which: 824 km on Timiş and 146 km on Bega (as part of the Timiş - Bega interconnection), 4 polders, 1 hydrotechnical node (water distribution structure). Starting with the area from Lugoj, the character of Timiş changes from a steep slope river to a river with plain characteristics, also from here begins the dammed part of the river considerable damage is avoided.
more abstractaccumulations, dams, floods, flood waves, river basin, flooding
Presentation: poster
DownloadDROUGHT CONDITIONS IN THE LAST TWO DECADES IN SZARVAS TOWN REGION, HUNGARY pag. 55-63
Erzsébet, CSENGERI1, Ildikó, SZALÓKINÉ ZIMA1, Béla, GOMBOS1Agriculture is a significant economic sector in Hungary. As a result of climate change, farmers can face extreme weather situations and their consequences (inland excess water, water shortage, drought, extremely high or low temperatures, yield loss) more often than before. Focusing on drought conditions in Szarvas town area (South-Eastern region of Hungary) we analysed temperature, precipitation and groundwater table level data of 4 monitoring wells between 2002 and 2021. In our study we used mainly the yearly average values. The Mann Kendall test was used to evaluate the data. Palfai Drought Index was calculated to quantify the level of drought. We found increasing trend in yearly average temperature, decreasing trend in groundwater level at most part of the area, no significant trend in yearly sum of precipitation and Palfai Drought Index. According to our data, the relative frequency of drought-free years in the Szarvas region is 30%, moderate and stronger droughts occurred in 50% of years, and the relative frequency of severe droughts was 10%. Severe droughts (PaDI 10-15) occurred twice in the 20 years studied, in 2003 and 2012. These data show the probability of a future drought or drought-free year. Our results hint to the importance of irrigation and irrigation development in the region
more abstract: drought, Palfai Drought Index, precipitation, groundwater level
Presentation: poster
DownloadSOIL WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION WATER DEMAND CALCULATION POSSIBILITIES pag. 64-72
Zoltán FUTÓ, Gábor BENCZEWater management has a predominant role in soil structure and fertility. Water acts as a solvent, as a reagent and as a transport medium. It participates in the physical, chemical and biological processes of the soil. Soils can be characterized as having different water balance depending on structure, location and environmental factors which gives information regarding the water supply of the area and the quantity of water provided for plants. Certain elements of cultivation practice are all important factors of improving the effectiveness of water consumption. The water uptake mechanism through the roots is discussed. Modern irrigation systems are used to prevent water shortage (water stress) to avoid yield loss, and it is advisable to start irrigation before the onset of the visible symptoms of water deficiency, before the moisture content of the soil falls below 50% of its water capacity. Calculation methods are given to determine the irrigation water requirement. A case study on effects of an up-to-date irrigation system on sweet corn, maize and sunflower yields is presented. A tape drip irrigation method was tested on the level of yields and yielding elements of maize. Irrigation satisfying the 100% water requirement of the crop was supplemented with complex water-soluble fertilizer (N-P-K). The results show that the yields of sweet corn could be significantly increased in the very favourable water supply.
more abstractsoil, water management, irrigation
Presentation: poster
DownloadCURRENT SITUATION AND EVOLUTION OF MAIZE PEST DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LE CONTE IN ROMANIA pag. 73-79
Ioana GROZEA, Alina Maria COSTEAThe status of the harmful Chrysomelidae species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (1831), also known as the western corn rootworm (WCR) or "Colorado" corn beetle, has changed during the 30 years since its installation in Europe and almost 26 years since its first report in Romania. In the first years after entering the territory of the European Union and implicitly in Romania, the insect was included in the category of quarantine species, then in 2013 it was removed from the list. Thus, the attention of specialists, responsible bodies at national level and farmers regarding the tracking and monitoring of the species has decreased or been diminished. However, isolated studies have shown that the species continues to appear frequently, although not officially reported, even in large populations in maize crops and experimental plots, especially in western Romania. At the same time, being a pest with a double attack on plants, the focus on the species required an analysis in a different way on the two active stages (larvae, adults) and in different phenophases. Thus, we set out to bring to attention the importance of the species through an up-to-date analysis of the country's presence and economic importance from personal observations of other researchers or owners of maize crops and relevant press articles. From our results we found that it is still present in considerable populations with aggressive manifestations on plant organs, being reported (on traps, direct or accidental observations) since installation (1996) and until now (2021) with continuity in western crops. country and not only. An updated map of the pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera is provided through this study so that the scientific and academic world as well as farmers or other interested bodies can get an idea of the status and evolution of the species in Romania.
more abstractDiabrotica, pest, maize, situation, Romania
Presentation: poster
DownloadSPATIAL INHOMOGENEITY OF PRECIPITATION ON SETTLEMENT LEVEL pag. 80-89
Roland Hudák, Béla GombosWhen it comes to climate change, the very first thing comes to most of our mind is the rising temperature, even though climate change is having a significant impact on the water cycle. Spatial variability of precipitation is becoming more and more extreme year after year. Our research focused on the spatial distribution of precipitation on horizontal scale up to 1-2 km. We established a low cost rain gauge network in Csabacsűd located on the Great Hungarian Plain (N46.49°, E20.39°, 85 m above sea level) with 18 plastic rain gauges which is widely used in the Hungarian private sphere. We examined the qualitative and quantitative correlations of the data with the help of the ESRI ArcGIS software. Spatial variance, deviation, an CV values of precipitation were calculated using Microsoft Office Excel. The results show significant areal differences in daily amount of precipitation within the small (1.5 km x 0.8 km) study area. The largest absolute difference in the small settlement reached 17 mm on 12th July 2018. The smallest value was 25 mm, the largest value was 42 mm and the distance between these stations is 1.4 km Precipitation shows a large spatial inhomogeneity especially in daily or shorter timescales. Especially in case of rain showers the operational meteorological/hydrometeorological networks are not dense enough to give the precipitation information that suits to needs of the agricultural sector. So, on-site measurements are needed in the growing season for practical agrometeorological purposes such as irrigation scheduling.
more abstractprecipitation, spatial distribution, rain gauge network
Presentation: poster
DownloadMATHEMATICAL MODEL CONSTRUCTION OF THE ISOTROPIC FILTRATION PROCESS BASED ON DARCY'S LAW pag. 90-95
I. KALANDARBEKOV1., Laura SMULEAC2., R. JURAKHONZODA1., U. RASULOV1Filtration is one of the main impacts on hydraulic structures. This phenomenon causes consequences such as loss of water from reservoirs, force impact on the structure in the form of filtration back pressure or volumetric hydrodynamic filtration forces. In practice, isotropic filtration is more often considered, characterized by the same conductivity of materials in all directions [1]: Under the influence of the pressure created by the dam, water is filtered through the body of the dam from the upstream to the downstream. The upper limit of the filtering will be a line called the depression curve. If the depression curve tapers out on the downstream slope of the dam, then there is water filtration under some residual pressure. In this case, the wedged out water begins to flow in streams down the slope surface. The water wedged out on the slope washes soil particles out of the body of the dam. This disturbance of the stability of soil particles, called suffusion, leads to increased filtration, and then to slumping and failure of the downstream slope, which poses a direct threat to the entire dam. The article considers the review problems of mathematical modeling of plane-parallel isotropic fluid filtration. hydraulic engineering construction, mathematical modeling, plane-parallel filtration, incompressible fluid, isotropic, earth dam, homogeneous
more abstracthydraulic engineering construction, mathematical modeling, plane-parallel filtration, incompressible fluid, isotropic, earth dam, homogeneous
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DownloadTHE NEGATIV EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON DIFFERENT MAIZE HYBRIDS pag. 96-102
Ádám Komlósi, Zoltán FutóThe aim of the research is to investigate the effects of salt and drought stress on different maize hybrids. In the course of the research, we measured the photosynthetic activity and different phenological parameters of different maize hybrids in a pot experiment. During the experiment, drought-sensitive and tolerant hybrids were tested under saline and non-saline conditions. The experiment was set up in a foil housing in an environment closed from external precipitation. During the experiment, plant height, leaf area (LAI) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) were measured every 2 weeks after a certain phenological state, and total biomass weight, root weight and tube weight were measured on the plants at harvest. In today’s climate-burdened world, we are increasingly confronted with the negative effects of drought and salt stress, but if we can prepare for and counter them, we can simply have a positive impact on our crop results. The experiment sheds light on how much a simple hybrid choice can affect our yield in a drought or normal year, or even on a saline soil. The novelty of the topic lies in the hybrids and field irrigation / water management results can be further refined for hybrids and soil hybrid and soil-specific irrigation adapted can be use.
more abstractsalt, irrigation, maize, drought
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DownloadDIFFERENT NUTRIENT LEVELS' INVESTIGATION IN THE SELF-ROOTED AND GRAFTED WATERMELON PRODUCTION pag. 103-112
Patrik Krizsán, Gábor BalázsMy work in the form of water-soluble fertilizers for self-rooted and grafted watermelon cultivation, applied simultaneously with irrigation, it concentrates on examining different nutrient levels during the growing season. Within that, I focused on the application of macronutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Therefore, I set up 4 different nutrient levels for both types of seedlings, in two replicates, of which I developed a phosphorus, a nitrogen, and a potassium overweight nutrient level, and a nutrient level in which all three nutrients were in equal proportions. The latter formed the control. In the case of both self-rooted and grafted seedlings, I was curious as to whether changes in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium affect the yield in a positive or negative direction. I performed the cost calculations in order to determine whether the increased cultivation cost caused by the applied additional fertilizers may result in such an additional yield, and hence an increase in sales revenue that is worth increasing the amount of applied nutrients. My experiment showed that the yield of grafted plants at the beginning of the growing season, after planting, before or during the first flowering period, applied at the same time as irrigation amount of phosphorus has a positive effect, while for self-rooted plants the high potassium active ingredient applied during ripening results in the highest yield. As a result, these nutrient levels have proven to be the most profitable. In addition, the experiment demonstrated the importance of the nutrients applied through the drip tape.
more abstractwatermelon, drip irrigation, water-soluble fertilizer, grafted plant
Presentation: poster
DownloadEFFECT OF PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS AND VIVIANITE POWDER ON THE GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP. pag. 113-124
A. MAIMOUNA1, L. TCHUENTEU TATCHUM1, A. DJONGMO DJONGRE1, C. STROIA2*, Clautilde MEGUENI1This study aimed to evaluate the growth and production parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)) through Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) associated with vivianite powder used as Rock Phosphate (RP). A randomized complete block design with Sixty (16) treatments (control (no treated plants): C; RKB5 isolate: R0; SSJ7: S0; BNBH2: B0; control with 10 g of vivianite: C10; isolate RKB5 + 10 g vivianite: R10; SSJ7 isolate + 10 g vivianite: S10; BNBH2 isolate + 10 g vivianite : B10; control with 20 g vivianite: C20; RKB5 isolate + 20 g vivianite: R20; SSJ7 isolate + 20 g vivianite: S20; BNBH2 isolate + 20 g vivianite: B20; control with 30 g vivianite: C30; RKB5 isolate + 30 g vivianite: R30; SSJ7 isolate + 30 g vivianite: S30 and BNBH2 isolate + 30 g of vivianite: B30) were used. Each treatment was repeated 20 times and 320 pots were used. The seedling emergence rate, growth (plant height, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area), and production parameters (nodulation and seeds yields) were assessed. Results revealed that S20 fertilizer significantly increased (P <0.05) the dry biomass (23.06 ± 1.97 g) of cowpea plants compared to C20 fertilizer and C plant. The lowest values of studied parameters were from no treated plants. S10 fertilizer increased the plant height by 30.30% compared to BNBH2, SSJ7, and RKB5 fertilizers. Globally, inoculated cowpea plants by S10 fertilizer exhibited the highest seed yields (654.62 ± 19.16 kg/ha). S10 fertilizer increased the cowpea seeds yield by 53.62% and 151.90% respectively compared to C10 fertilizer and no treated plants. According to the results obtained in this study, the combination of SSJ7 isolate + 10 g of vivianite powder per hole is recommended for cowpea grown in Bini-Dang (Adamawa-Cameroon.
more abstractVigna unguiculata, Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms, vivianite, yield, growth, Dang (Adamawa, Cameroon).
Presentation: poster
DownloadTESTING THE MACRONUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF SOME WILD BERRY SPECIES IN RELATIONSHIP WITH CLIMATIC CONDITIONS pag. 125-132
Antonia ODAGIU, Claudia BALINT*, P. BURDUHOS1, C. IEDERAN1, I. BRAȘOVEAN1It is well known that wild berries are valuable sources of nutrients, and their consumption has positive effects on human health status. They are considered as sources of phytonutrients that are thought to have, mainly to their antioxidant activity, both curative and preventive effects against a wide range of diseases. This study was conducted for quantifying the macronutrients content of four species of wild berries: Rubus idaeus L., Ribes nigrum L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L., and for identifying the influence of specific climatic conditions of the harvesting area on their dry matter content. Fruits were colected from Sovata area, Cluj County, Romania, and analysis were performed in the Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Engineering and Protection, of UASVM Cluj-Napoca. Our study shows that in concerned area black currant and bilberry have the highest nutritional content in crude protein (1.18% and 1.22%, respectively), non-nitrogen compounds (15.06%, and 8.06%, respectively), and dry matter content (17.24%, and 14.9%, respectively). The multivariate analysis show that only environmental temperature and precipitation has an influence upon fruits dry matter. The above-mentioned climatic factors influence in different extent the dry matter. Thus, in black currant (R = 0.395), raspberry (R = 0.635), and bilberry (R = 0.671) their influence is lower compared with lingonberry (R = 0.940). Our study also suggests that black currant and bilberry species emphasize strong nutritional potential, and they are less influenced by the climatic conditions compared with other wild berry species.
more abstractcrude chemical composition, multiple correlations, precipitations, temperature
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DownloadTRANSLATING FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES pag. 133-138
R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, S. M. STANCIU1, F. IMBREA1, Andrea Ana FEHER1, C. SĂLĂȘAN1 , Gianina Daniela SABĂU2Agriculture had a definitory role in human lives since the beginning of mankind because it was the first area from where people could feed and produce food for daily subsistence. Since those times, through images and signs, marked on wood or stone plates, there has been the first representation of the translations in agriculture. Taken from ancient times, the drawings, figures, images, had to be interpreted and translated so that the main purpose, their use accordingly, was reached. Both agriculture and translation evolved and developed in the same time. It used the first types of translations, very important ones, to cultivate, to crop, to irrigate, interpreting and translating the symbols, the signs, the images for different operations. All the innovation technologies present in agriculture, from the very beginning to nowadays, went hand in hand with the evolution of translation and methods, tools and diversification of services, according to the needs on the labor market. The value of the agriculture and especially of the traditional agriculture and the one of the translations within one of the most important areas with a higher impact on the level of living, including the transition to a modern agriculture nowadays, with high tech tools, equipment and machinery, CAT tools and digital devices, is given by the output across time and by the results in the society, by the level of living and by the increase and development of the local, regional, national, international trade.
more abstracttranslation, agriculture, language, evolution, English language, translator, agriculturists
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DownloadSPECIFIC CADASTRAL REGULATIONS TO OBTAIN CONSTRUCTION PERMIT pag. 139-148
A. ŞMULEAC1, C. Mărgelu1, R. PAȘCALĂU1, N. Mărgelu1, Laura Iosefina ȘMULEAC1The object of the present cadastral work is the realization of the documentation necessary for the preparation of the Documentation for obtaining the Building Permit (CA) regarding the investment objective in accordance with the provisions of the design theme approved by the beneficiary. The documentation is elaborated in accordance with law 50 republished, amended and completed and the elements arising from the study of the related legislation in the field. The building in which it is to be built is located in bucovat commune, BUCOVAT village – jud. TIMIS according to the land registry extract no. 401937 with no. topo 401937. After performing topographic surveys in the field with the Total Trimble S5 Station, where for data collection, it uses the Trimble TCU control unit optimized for the Robot and Autolock versions, together with the Trimble Access software, using simple and user-friendly operations under any conditions. On the basis of the calculation roundup, the calculation of the foundations was drawn up according to the Geotechnical Study for CF 401937, Bucovăt, jud. Timis where the basic conventional pressure for Df=2.00m and B=1.00m we have pconv.=294kPa the corrected pressure for Df=0.90m and B=0.50m is pconv.corrected =205kPa. Also, the list of the quantities of excavation and concrete was drawn up, as well as the conditions of foundation, strength and stability. The data processing was carried out with Terramodel Design Software, which is a package of programs with different applications, intended for design works in the field of civil engineering and includes modules for generating the digital model of the terrain and contours, for the design of communication ways, computer-aided design (CAD) and various calculations (COGO). Each module contains sets of commands, which add specific functionalities to the basic possibilities of FDM. Terramodel contains a macrolimbage (TML) that also allows the creation of custom commands.
more abstractTrimble TCU, AC, CAD, COGO, Terramodel, TLM
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DownloadTOMATO PRODUCTION OF A HUNGARIAN SMALLHOLDER FARMER: CASE STUDY pag. 149-156
Adam Szabo, Karoly BodnarThe study took place on the farm of a small producer in Kiskunfélegyháza. Production takes place under block system plastic tents. The sensitive points of local technology, the types and quantities of tomatoes produced were examined. In assessing the situation of the producer, special emphasis was placed on the examination of sales opportunities. Data were collected from the documentation of the farm and by an interview with the farmer. Based on the experience, a SWOT analysis was performed. Round, truss and cherry tomato varieties are produced at the farm. The season of their production lasts from April to the middle of December. Most of the tomato sold at the Wlosale Market at Budapest and the the local farmers’ market. A short supply chain could create more livable, less polluting areas where there is a direct link between producer and consumer. The huge margin created by retailers and wholesalers can be eliminated. A much fresher product can get on the table of consumers, as the product can be purchased locally. Although selling to direct customers requires more time and effort than selling the goods in larger batches, this is offset by the higher available price. Direct contact with consumers provides immediate feedback on how customer needs change, making it easier to adapt to local demand.
more abstracttomato production, varieties, smallholder, horticulture, logistics
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DownloadEFFECT OF THE PERIPARTUM WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND REPRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS pag. 157-166
Kata Szombathelyi – A. Ribács – Adrienn Zsanett KrajcsovicsThe performance of Holstein-Friesian cows calved in winter and summer was compared on two farms. The milk yield in early lactation (in first 100 days) differed; the cows calved in winter produced more milk (0-10%) than the cows calved in summer. The difference is mainly expected for multiparous cows. The maximum daily milk yield and the standard lactation performance (kg/305 days) differed only in the multiparous cows, the production of cows calved in winter was higher. No significant difference in FCM performance (kg/305 days, corrected for 4% fat) was detected. In the first 100 days, the protein content of the milk may also be more favourable after winter calving, but this does not apply to total lactation. No clear difference was found in the somatic cell count of milk. The time of calving (winter or summer) affected also the reproductive performance of the cows, particularly the length of the service period. There were significant differences in the frequency of the service period shorter than 60 days (very good), and longer than 120 days (unfavourable), both in case of primiparous and multiparous cows. After winter calving, the favourable service period and after summer calving, the unfavourable service period occurred in more cows. The results confirm the importance of protecting of dairy cows from summer heat stress, even under the temperate climate.
more abstractHolstein-Friesian, heat stress, milk production, reproduction
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DownloadANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF GENETIC VARIATION IN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS POPULATIONS pag. 167-171
Ramona Loredana TOPORAN1; Marinel HORABLAGA1; Ionel SAMFIRA1;Grasslands make up about 40% of our planet's land mass and play an important role in contributing to carbon sequestration, soil bio-geochemistry and maintaining biodiversity. One of the main families that make up the plant carpet is the family Poaceae known taxonomically with over 10,000 species characterized and classified according to a variety of morphological features related to the molecular characters. Genome analysis studies have suggested that species of the subfamily Pooideae have a similar chromosomal structure, being derived from a common ancestor with 7 pairs of chromosomes. Among the species of this family, Lolium perenne stands out due to its high agronomic productivity influenced by climate and soil conditions and hereditary traits such as flowering time. Lolium perenne is a self-incompatible species pollinated by wind, and several researchers have discovered the existence of significant patterns of geographical variation in terms of diversity indices and allele frequencies. The natural variation at phenotypic and genotypic level is ensured by a reproduction system that requires cross-pollination, producing pronounced genetic variations in the morphological and molecular characteristics of and among its many varieties. Analysis of the frequency and distribution of genetic variation in natural perennial ryegrass populations has supported the view that its center of origin is the Middle East, and its distribution has expanded following a clinical geographic model, most of which is in Europe. At present it is considered that due to its excessive nature and recent domestication the genetic diversity of the varieties is very high. Reproduction programs generate extensive phenotypic data covering the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the germplasm used annually to select the best performing plants or populations. We consider in the light of these scientific results obtained globally that the species Lolium perenne through genetic diversity is a potential resource for the development of reference populations specific to genomic selection. The genetic improvement of perennial ryegrass provides an inexhaustible source of increasingly diverse genetic diversity in the world in terms of the challenges of environmental factors.
more abstractLolium perenne, productivity, genetic diversity, reproduction
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DownloadMORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND PRODUCTIVITY ASPECTS OF RAPESEED GENOTYPES (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) IN THE PEDO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CRIȘURILOR PLAIN pag. 172-183
O. C. UNGUREANU*1, I. O. STANA1, Elena UNGUREANU2, Doina Carmenica JITĂREANU2, Viviane Beatrice BOTA*1,3,4, Violeta TURCUȘ1,4Considering that rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has a high use potential and its complex exploitation is an extremely topical research field in the context of diversification of raw material and energy sources, the present study tests the behavior of the main rapeseed genotypes recommended by specialists under temperature, humidity, and soil conditions of The Crișurilor Plain (Romania). The aim is to find optimal solutions to extend the cultivation area and increase the production capacity of this source rich in vegetable fats and proteins. A single-factor experiment with 5 varieties and hybrids of autumn rapeseed was carried out under optimal technical conditions in 4 repetitions. The following genotypes of autumn rapeseed were used as experimental variants: V1 - PR46W29 4; V2 - Maximus PT225; V3 - Maximus PT234; V4 - Sherpa; V5 - Perla. We evaluated the plants’ height, number of branches per plant, the height of insertion of the first siliquae, number of siliquae per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, hectolitre mass, seed yield, the percentage content of protein, fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid and glucosinolates in the seeds. The recorded data recommend the Crișurilor Plain for the successful cultivation of four genotypes of autumn rapeseed under optimal and highly efficient conditions.
more abstractRapeseed, genotype, hybrid, Romania
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DownloadTHE ECOSEMIOTIC PERSPECTIVE ON COMMUNICATIVE TEACHING/LEARNING pag. 184-189
Alina Andreea Urlica, Iosim Iasmina, Marius LunguThis paper introduces some fundamental issues relevant to designing ecological education curricula by means of semiotic and communicational practices which can be conveyed successfully in language classes, as well as psychological and pedagogical training. Teaching these subjects across domains related to the life sciences and natural sciences affords the suitable occasion to expose learners to relevant concepts promoting ethical relationships and healthy attitudes towards our shared habitat and the community of life. The paper focuses on the importance of ecoliteracy and learning to communicate and behave in sustainable, ecological ways which take into account the interrelatedness among all forms of life. In designing long-term ecological thinking, the question raised is how to overcome the unsustainable tendencies of dominant systems in place today, including education. We discuss the relevance of the ecosemiotic framework as an applied model for developing sustainable communication in the language class. The communicative semiotic approach targets linguistic and conceptual enrichment by means of open dialogue and human interaction, while emphasizing participative meaning-making on complexity theoretical bases. Numerous disciplines have addressed these issues in what is now understood as Complex Systems theory, from ecology, biology, and life sciences to humanist psychology, sociology, and other fields which are striving to find interconnections from a holistic and transdisciplinary point of view.
more abstractBiosemiotics, Ecolinguistics, communication, language learning, sustainable education
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DownloadCROPS DIVERSITY AND CROPPED YIELD EVOLUTION UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM BRAȘOV COUNTY pag. 190-197
S. VÂTCĂ1, C. HORVATH2, Ș. CHIRCAN1, Ștefania GÂDEA1,*, Anamaria VÂTCĂ3, Valentina STOIAN1,*Under the impact of climatic changes, there is an urgent need to adopt all necessary changes in the agricultural cropping system. To accomplish this main purpose, the hierarchy of crop development in a particular region must be studied to serve as a bridge for appropriate crop cluster set recommendations. Therefore, our study aimed to assess and overlap the climatic condition and crop diversity between 2016 and 2020. Over the five studied years, a set of parameters were interconnected. Climatic principal parameters such as average temperature, maximum and minimum average temperature, and precipitation quantity were extracted from meteomanz.com database. Also, the agricultural dataset was employed from the national institute of statistics, and the analyzed parameters were total cropped area, total vegetable production, total average production, and private sector average production. We have seen that overall cropped area decreased over the years, also for specific crop groups like cereals, sugar beet, potatoes, or vegetables, the only increase was seen for oily plants. The total vegetable production followed the same pattern, with the only difference for grain maize where it was a 10% increase together with oily plants of 17% in 2020 compared with 2016. The crops with decreased interest were oat and barley, peas for grain, bean for grain, soybeans, sugar beet, tomato, and onion. This lower interest could be motivated by the fact that a lower amount of precipitation was expected. All these crop diversities, respectively cropped areas with different productions, were determined by a slight increase of average maximum temperature of 0.4°C and of the average minimum temperature of almost 1°C. In Brasov's area prevail 15 principal crops, and the cropped surfaces suffer slight changes over the analyzed period.
more abstractcropped area, production, precipitation, temperature
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DownloadAN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS IN RURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN INDIA:A THEORETICAL STUDY IN CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT pag. 198-205
Vishal Singh VARMA1, R. GUPTA1, Laura ȘMULEAC2, R. PAȘCALĂU 2, R. K. GOYAL3, Kritika TEKWANI1, Mihaela Liana FERICEAN2The financial growth of the region and the whole country can be broadly indicated by the macroeconomic factors. These factors are “geopolitical, environmental or economic event” by which the monetary stability of the country and its economy is highly influenced. The economic growth of the region shows ups and down due to these macroeconomic factors and this fluctuation can be “inside and outside” of control of the government and their citizen. The events that change the financial outlook of the country including its rural areas are all described the variables known as macroeconomic factors. There is a cyclical pattern that includes economic growth and recession and the people from different professions address these factors to know the finance related policies to maintain their financial stability. The study had reviewed macroeconomic factors in rural development in India and concludes that there are many significant consequences of macroeconomy development for agriculture sector and the main factor that links this sector to global macroeconomy are “exchange rates, international trade, foreign and domestic income, employment, interest rates, and energy costs”. The macroeconomic changes at domestic and international level can bring in major shifts in the values of these indicators which in turn alter the agricultural price, production, consumption and trade of the country.
more abstractmacroeconomic factors, rural development, agricultural development, India, economic development
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DownloadNUTRIENT EXPERT MODEL: A CONNEXION BETWEEN FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION AND IMPROVED MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY pag. 206-214
Sharhabil Musa Yahaya, Aisha Abdulkadir, Bitrus Dawi Tarfa, Abdulaziz Shero Isah, Elijah Oluwaseun OgunsolaMaize as one of the staple crops in Nigeria requires an increase in yield per unit area due to the increase in the human population. This will go a long way in filling the gaps between the low farmers’ yields and the attainable yields. An experiment was carried out in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru (11°11’N 07°38’E, altitude 686m) Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria, to evaluate the yields of two maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14 and 29) under different fertilizer recommendations using Farmers recommended rate (120:60:60) and Nutrient Expert model (NE) recommendations (160:90:74). The research was achieved in Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments and three replications. The study revealed that NE V1 fertilizer recommendation and farmers recommended practice produced 300% higher yield in comparison to control (p ≤ 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the yield and growth parameters between fertilizer recommendation from the model and farmers' recommended practice rate. This is due to the assumptions of the NE model that all nutrient sources come from mineral fertilizers. The study novelty is the introduction of a new technique of fertilizer recommendation that can supplement the existing farmers’ blanket recommendation system. We conclude that different components of site-specific nutrient management can be incorporated into Nutrient Expert and can serve as an effective tool for the nutrient recommendation for Maize in Nigeria.
more abstractNutrient expert; Fertilizer recommendations; Nutrient managements; Maize
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