Rjas

Vol 53, No 4 (2021)

USING BIOSTIMULANT TO IMPROVE TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY DURING THE AUTUMN-WINTER SEASON. pag. 3-8

Alessio TALLARITA1, Lorenzo VECCHIETTI2, Eugenio COZZOLINO3, Agnieszka SEKARA4, Massimo MIRABELLA5, Antonio CUCINIELLO3, Roberto MAIELLO1, Vincenzo CENVINZO1, Vincenzo LEONE3, Gianluca CARUSO1.

Protein hydrolysates appear to be promising among biostimulants because they include large amounts of components including amino acids, short peptides, and osmoactive substances (proline, glycine betaine) that are advantageous for plant productivity under adverse environmental conditions (Van Oosten et al., 2017). Plant-based biostimulants can boost growth, yield, quality, and bioactive chemical content in a variety of crops. Current study examines the effects of an enzymatic hydrolysate product (Activeg) applied three times (3, 6, or 9 times) and a non-treated control on the production and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Miniplum’ (Proxy F1) plant fruits grown in a greenhouse during the autumn and winter seasons. This study was carried out at the University of Federico II, department of agriculture (40°49' N, 14°20' E). Split plot design was used to distribute experimental treatments on the field; the resulting data were analyzed using ANOVA and the SPSS software after angular transformation. The usage of the biostimulant at 3 and 6 irrorations led to higher yield, while 6 times improved fruit firmness and soluble solid content accumulation. The biostimulants were found to be responsible for higher yields and better-quality tomato fruits, during autumn-winter season in this study, and could be used to cut down on the use of chemical fertilizers.

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protein hydrolisate; antioxidant; miniplum; abiotic stress.

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CONTRIBUTION TO THE MORPHOMETRIC AND SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L. IN THE REGION OF TLEMCEN (CASE OF BENI SNOUS - EXTREME NORTHWEST ALGERIA) pag. 9-15

Mohamed AMARA 1 , Mohamed METRI 2 and Mohannad G. AL-Saghir 3

The Pistacia terebinthus L., is a species belonging to the family Anacardiaceae; a deciduous plant growing in the matorrals, common throughout the Mediterranean basin. The region of Tlemcen, an integral part of Mediterranean ecosystems, is characterized by several climatic and anthropic constraints that can influence the morphology of plant species. Following these constraints and recordings of some phenotypic variations in the station of Beni Snous, it seemed to us that there could be a new species or variety.The sampling adopted is of subjective type by taking into account the floristic homogeneity and the ecological homogeneity of the station.The choice of the station of Beni Snous was justified by the presence of good subjects of Pistacia terebinthus L.the most representative of the study area.In order to meet our objective, the morphometric analysis was performed on the leaves of 16 individuals, that is to say a total of 1126 leaves and 7837 leaflets measured.The statistical analysis of linear correlation, showed us the types of relationships that exist between the measured parameters.According to our results the length of the leaflets is between 3.3 cm and 4.93 cm and the width between 1.38 cm and 2.43 cm; and the number of leaflets in a leaf is on average between 5 and 11 leaflets.In conclusion, according to the analysis and the synthesis of our results of measurements on the one hand, and the comapraison with the bibliography on the other hand, we confirmed that it is the same species.

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Pistacia terebinthus L., Beni Snous, Tlemcen, Morphometry, linear correlation, leaves, leaflets

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ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA IN MODERN CONDITIONS pag. 16-23

Anna BAROIAN 1 , Irina MINAKOVA 2 , Lucrețiu DANCEA 3

Food security is an integral part of the country's national security. In Russia, as in most countries of the world, ensuring food security is the most important direction of state policy. The aim of the work was a complex economic assessment of the current food security state in Russia. The methodological basis of the study is the general scientific cognition methods - deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, which allow to reveal genesis and current state of the country's food security. The theoretical source of the research was the scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists and specialists on the problems of citizen’s food supply, food independence of the state, rational and optimal human nutrition, and the system of consumption of high-quality and safe food for health. The study showed that food deficit and famine in Russia, caused by both unfavorable natural and climatic factors, by wars, by irrational government policies, have serious socio-economic consequences and threats to the country's development. As a result, assessment of the Russian Federation food security level established that the target indicators of food self-sufficiency were achieved and exceeded for grain, meat and meat products, eggs, potatoes, however, for the rest of the products there is an insufficient level of self-sufficiency. The most critical situation is with self-sufficiency in fruits and berries. The volumes of food consumption demonstrate positive growth dynamics in all major groups, except for bread products and potatoes. Scientifically grounded consumption norms for potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries, milk and dairy products, eggs have not been reached, and for the rest there is an excess of the norm. The main reason for the underconsumption of food by the population is low income of the population.

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Keywords: food security, self-sufficiency, actual and standard consumption, underconsumption, food deficit

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APHID POPULATION AND THE PATHOSYSTEM BARLEY YELLOWS DWARF VIRUS (BYDV)-BARLEY pag. 24-29

A. F. CĂRĂBEȚ, Ramona STEF, Ioana GROZEA, Ana-Maria VÂRTEIU, M. LEVENTE, D. MANEA

Small cereals such us wheat, barley, oat, and other grasses are very much influenced when talking about crop production and various pathogens which can infect them during growth stages. Among these pathogens like downy mildew, tan spot, Septoria disease and other fungi also the viruses contribute to the yield decreasing and loses. Barley Yellows Dwarf Virus is well known as a pathogen strong related to its carrier (vector) being distributed and transmitted by a whole range of aphid species. The aim of this paper is to compare the relationship between aphids and the pathosystem BYDV- barley under certain treatments with different active ingredients used to control the virus vector. To achieve that we assessed the symptoms like leaf discoloration (lose of green colour) turning in bright yellow and trough influence on tillering, linked to the treatments applied and dosage used. The trial setup consists in 7 treatment including untreated laid in four replicates using randomised blocks. Three assessments were performed, to establish the aphid population, followed by assessment of leaves presenting symptoms of viral infection. We observe that, in the variants where a high density of Rhopalosiphum padi was present, the symptom like yellowing was better exerted compared to the plots where other aphid species were observed and build the aphid population.

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BYDV, virus vector, Rhopalosiphum padi, symptomes

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REALIZATION AND INCREASE DENSITY OF POINTS FOR THE GEODETIC NETWORK BY G.N.S.S. MEASUREMENTS IN THE U.A.T. ZARAND pag. 30-37

Traian CARȚIȘ, Adrian SMULEAC, Mihai SIMON

The Administrative-Territorial Unit (UAT) Zarand is located in the North-East part of Arad municipality. Zarand village is made up of the localities Zarand and Cintei, having the locality of Zarand as a village residence, county Arad, region Crisana, România country. Zarand Village is located at 37 km from the Center of Arad Municipality. The present study aims to increase density of points for the geodetic network by G.N.S.S. measurements in order to prepare the topographic and cadastral documentation in analogous and digital format for „SYSTEMATIC REGISTRATION SERVICE AND INTEGRATED CADASTRE AND LAND BOOK OF PROPERTIES LOCATED IN THE U.A.T. ZARAND FROM ARAD COUNTY” The measurements were performed entirely with the help of satellite technology. To achieve this geodetic network, the following topo-geodetic works were performed: A. Global Navigation Satellite System (G.N.S.S.) measurements by the STATIC method for increase density of points for the support network; B. Global Navigation Satellite System (G.N.S.S.) measurements by the RADIO method for increase density of points for the support network; When choosing the points that will increase density of the national network and that are to be determined by G.N.S.S. measurements, we are following this criteria: 1. The conservation of the point to be ensured for a long time; 2. To be visible from 15g over the skyline; 3. G.N.S.S. receivers were set to collect data every 5 seconds; 4. Be accessible to any weather conditions; 5. The basic points that are determined to be further used in the other works; 6. There should be no high power electrical installations near stations or emission relays. The measurements were performed by the “STATIC” method with the following equipment: 2 dual frequency receivers L1 / L2 by Leica Viva GS08 G.P.S. type. Having as references the points from the ROMPOS (is a Romanian position determination system that ensures precise positioning in the European reference and coordinate system ETRS89) national geodetic network (Arad, Faget, Resita and Timisoara) and 13 new points were determined in the area of Zarand and Cintei localities Arad county points that form and increase density of points for the geodetic network. The field marking for the network was made from special plastic or concrete (FENO), where placed 4 marks for each locality, and we placed three Feno terminals outside the locality and we used two other DTM signals that could be used to cover the entire Administrative-Territorial Unit (U.A.T.). For increase density of points for the geodetic network by satellite measurements it was necessary stationing on higher order points (ground pyramids).

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Leica Viva GS08, Leica Geosystems, Leica FlexLine TS06, Leica FlexLine TS06plus, Leica TS16

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REVIEW OF THE CURRENT GLOBAL SITUATION OF HARMFUL AND USEFUL INSECT SPECIES PRESENT IN MAIZE CROPS AND POSSIBLE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THEM pag. 38-43

Maria Alina COSTEA, Ioana GROZEA

One of the most cultivated and productive cereal plants in the world was and is corn. Both globally and at European level, maize cultivation occupies important areas. Romania is one of the corn exporting countries in the world, so it is important to protect this crop from all biotic factors (which can be controlled) including harmful insects that occupy a major place in reducing production. Another perspective is the existence of useful species and their use as a method of biological control through exploitation. In this paper we intended to bring to attention the species of insects that reduce the productive capacity of this plant. As a study method, we used bibliographic and webographic analysis, so we extracted the most important documentary sources, which could be the basis for future research in doctoral training. Among the important pests worldwide and implicitly in our country are: Ostrinia nubilalis (corn borer), Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte (western worm of corn roots), Helicoverpa armigera (cob worm) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (aphid. From the literature we extracted the potential ones to appear in the culture /experimental plots: Coccinella sp, Trichogramma ostriniae, Argiope sp. and Chrysopa carnea. Knowledge of the current situation is essential in the correct identification of target species and in the adequacy of measures focusing on non-polluting ones.

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Insect, harmful, useful, corn, global situation, interactions.

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CASE STUDY UPON A FAMILY FARMING SYSTEM LOCATED IN TORMAC LOCALITY, TIMIȘ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 44-48

Eremi Ovidiu, Laichici Daniel, Ienciu Anișoara, Okros Adalbert, Duma Copcea Anișoara

The entire social sphere in the world is constantly changing and an aiding factor is agriculture, directly influencing the economic field but also other fields with a strong impact on the social environment. All around the world, agriculture is influenced by natural and technical factors, factors that goes beyond human control. Through this paper we intend to present a case study on a family farming system located in Tormac. The area of this locality offers an conducive environment to a diverse range of crops due to the plain area in which it is located, with a continental temperate climate and high fertility soils. The presented data was collected from two plots from different areas for a period of 4 to 5 years. For the first plot the data colecting period was between 2015 and 2020 and for a period of 4 years for the second plot, between the years 2016-2020. The first plot extends on an area of approximately 272 ha and the second plot covers an area of 210 ha. In the first exploatation, sunflower, soybean, corn, wheat, alfalfa and rapeseed crops were established and in the second exploatation, the planted crops were sugarcane, oats, alfalfa, wheat, sunflower, corn, soybeans and vegetables, placed on different surfaces each year to respect the process of crop rotation.

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diverse crops, family farming, systems, multiannual data

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THE SOIL SUITABILITY FOR FRUIT TREES FROM CARANI LOCALITY, TIMIȘ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 49-54

Eremi Ovidiu², Marian Flavius, Nozim Aliev, Okros Adalbert, Borcean Adrian, Mircov Vlad

Agriculture has been a vital area of human activity since ancient times, a thing that can be observed even today, representing both the only source of food and an important supplier of raw materials for different industries. The importance of agriculture differs from country to country, but it continues to be the main economic branch in all nations, including the highly developed ones. In this paper we want to present the suitability level of the soils in Carani, for the establishment of fruit trees in this area. The suitability of the soils is checked for the following varieties of fruit trees: apple (MR), pear (PR), plum (PR), plum (PR), cherry-cherry (CV), apricot (CS), peach (PC). In order to determine this suitability, a series of soil types and subtypes were chosen, namely: typical endocalcaric preluvosoil (7.50 ha), typical preluvosoil (29.13 ha), stagnant preluvosoil (4.15 ha) and molic preluvosoil (6, 30 ha). Following the analysis performed on the characteristics of the soil they are distributed within one of the four classes of suitability. The rating notes offered to the soils being the main indicator for classifying them. The total area considered for this study is 47.08 ha. A number of recommendations will also be made regarding possible improving the suitability of the if that is possible.

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fruit trees, soil, suitability, improvements

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CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE SEGETAL FLORA PRESENT IN MAIZE CROP pag. 55-61

Andra FULGA1, Denis DRĂGHICI, Iasmina BOSICA 1, Ramona ȘTEF1, Anișoara IENCIU1, Dan MANEA1

Porumbul (Zea mays) este cea de a treia cultură cerealieră cu importanţă internaţională. Un rol deosebit de important în creşterea si dezvoltarea plantelor de porumb îl reprezintă protecţia împotriva buruienilor. Studiul a avut ca obiectiv testarea de noi erbicide în combaterea buruienilor prezente în agroecosistemul de porumb. Cercetările s-au desfăşurat pe parcursul anului 2020 în localitatea Ciclova Română din județul Caraș - Severin. Câmpul experimental a prezentat 4 variante care s-au diferențiat prin combinația de erbicide. Sau aplicat câte două erbicide pe fiecare variantă, deoarece în lotul experimental au fost prezente atât buruieni monocotiledonate cât și dicotiledonate (Nicogan + Dicopur, Nicogan +Ceredin, Nicogan +Cliophar). Gradul de îmburuienare a fost ridicat, cartarea cantitativ numerică a evidențiat un număr de 92,95 plante/m2. În variantele experimentale au fost prezente specii de buruieni problemă (Sorghum halepense, Cirsium arvense, Rubus caesius etc.). La 14 zile de la aplicarea tratamentelor s-a înregistrat cea mai mare eficacitate a produselor de uz fitosanitar. Eficacitatea acestora a scăzut la patru luni de la aplicare, deoarece unele specii, fie au regenerat, fie s-a realizat o nouă îmburuienare, datorată germinării eșalonate a speciilor segetale. Speciile segetale, prezente în cultura de porumb, au fost controlate foarte bine prin aplicarea asociată a erbicidului Nicogan și Cliophar, asigurând protecție culturii până la recoltare.

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Chemical control, segetal flora, maize,

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POLLUTED WATER IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTHCARE IN ROMANIA pag. 62-74

Alin Efraim GHIMAN, Laura ȘMULEAC, Alina LAȚO

Reduced water quantity, represents a danger for existence of live cells, organisms and flora and fauna in general. Water has an essential importance, representing the structural and functional base for the living beings. In addition, water, is also an essential constituent of living matter, having a special role in vital processes development. Given the fact that 2/3 of global surface is covered with water, it is estimated that the planet Earth has 1,4 km3 of water. As a result of water use by consumers, it changes its composition, suffering natural quality changes, so it cannot be used for the same purposes as previous to the pollution. Substances and agents that cause the change of the initial composition of the natural waters are called pollutants. Considering U.N.O. definition of water pollution means a direct or indirect modification of water normal composition, in a measure that hardens upon all uses to which it may serve in its natural state. Pollution may be the consequence of some natural phenomena, but most frequently is strongly related to human activities. This article presents a synthesis of some analyzed water parameters in total of 1,683,561 determined in 2019 (this number is composed of analyzes performed in the way of audit monitoring as well as control monitoring for the quality parameters of potable water included in Annex no. 1 of Law nr. 458/2002 regarding water quality for human consumption, republish with subsequent amendments and completions) and also how polluted water influences the environment and human health.

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water, pollution, pollutant, purification, causes of pollution

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EFFECT OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION WITH DIFFERENT N:K RATIOS ON THE YIELD OF CLAUDIUS F1 SWEET PEPPER IN CONTAINER CULTIVATION pag. 75-82

I. M. GYALAI – F. LANTOS

Abstract Today, there is a growing trend towards growing peppers in foil or glasshouse, rather than in the open field. The advantage of these over open field cultivation is that they can increase the yield, improve the quality of the crop and the timing of the production, which in turn gives a much higher yield security. The most popular and least expensive investment for growing under foil is container growing. The aim of my research was to study the yield of the pepper variety Claudius under different nutrient solution formulations. I applied four treatments, which consisted of four different nutrient solution compositions. The first treatment had a nitrogen to potassium ratio of 1:1, the second treatment 1:1.3, the third treatment 1:1.6 and the fourth treatment a N:K ratio of 1:2. Each treatment was repeated four times. Each treatment involved 80 plants, which is 20 plants per replicate. During the experiment, I found that the different nitrogen/potassium ratios of the nutrient solution affected not only the weight of the harvested fruits, but also the number of fruits. Most of the fruit harvested in all the harvests was from the second treatment, where the potassium to nitrogen ratio was 1.3 to 1. On the other hand, plants treated with N:K 1:2 showed a large reduction in the number of fruits. The results indicate that increasing the potassium content of the nutrient solution in relation to N at a higher dose than 1:1.3 increases the number of fruits but changes the total harvested fruit weight in a negative direction

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Keywords: pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nutrient solution, yield

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SOIL RESOURCES AND THEIR FAVORABILITY FOR VARIOUS CROPS IN THE AREA OF IANOVA COMMUNE, TIMIȘ COUNTRY, ROMANIA pag. 83-90

Laichici Daniel, Pizmas Ariana, Okros Adalbert, Vlad Marazan, Cozma Antoanela

Since ancient times, agriculture has been the basis of the state economy, being the only source of healthy food, and within the reach of every human being. Through this paper we want to encourage as many people as possible to get involved in this field in order to lead a balanced life in terms of profit but also health, but also to know the soil, resources and how they favor certain plants such as would be: wheat, corn, sugar beet, soybeans, peas, beans, potatoes, sunflower, barley. The object of study of the paper will take place in Remetea Mare. The researched perimeter is part of the great physical-geographical unit “Banato-Crișană” (Geography of Romania, vol. I, chap. 10., I. Berindei, E. Nedelcu, 1983). This is one of the three pericarp units being arranged on the western side of the Western Carpathians and includes distinct subunits, but closely linked by the genesis, evolution and use of the territory: Banato-Crișene Hills, Banato-Crișana Plain. The studied area presents the following categories of use: arable 7,256.08 ha, pastures 1,221.17 ha, hayfields 198.63 ha, orchards 14, 38 ha (Agricultural total = 8,691.08), forests 906.51 ha, waters 203.45 ha, unproductive 39.33 ha, roads 147.05 ha, constructions 137.32 ha, (TOTAL = 10,124.74 ha). In this work we will find: the description of the types of soils in the locality (Alluviol gleic, Eutricambosol gleic, Preluvosol molic-stagnic, Luvosol stagnic, Vertosol gleic) with the surface that each soil occupies, the horizons that make it up, the spread, etc; but also their favorability for various crops for the farmer to adapt for each soil with the plant that best folds on that type of soil.

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agriculture, systems, farmer, soil resources, culture

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN CARROTS AND JUICE CARROTS pag. 91-96

V. Mărăzan1,2, Anghel Iasmina Madalina3, Adina Berbecea2, Lia Rotariu2, Velciov Ariana2, Antoanela Cozma2*

The paper is a comparative study on the distribution of some essential mineral elements in carrots and carrot juice. The total concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu from the carrot samples sold in markets in Timisoara and from the juices obtained by processing them in laboratory conditions were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. The obtained results show that the carrot samples taken in the experiment contain different amounts of essential macro and microelements, depending on their origin and the nature of the analyzed element: 2710 - 3560 mg/kg K, 235 - 282 mg/kg Ca, 81.5 - 142 mg/kg Mg, 2.12- 3.52 mg/kg Fe, 3.12 - 4.68 mg/kg Mn, 1.87 - 3.06 mg/kg Zn and 0.31 - 0.56 mg/kg Cu. Lower concentrations, but significant enough to be considered in terms of mineral intake were determined in carrot juice: 1890 - 2425 mg/kg K, 65.8 - 80.2 mg/kg Ca, 118 - 156 mg/kg Mg, 2.86 - 3.72 mg/kg Fe, 0.53 - 1.36 mg/kg Mn, 1.78 -2.91 mg/kg Zn and 0.45 - 1.10 mg/kg Cu. The obtained results show that fresh carrots and their juices contain important and appreciable quantities of mineral essential elements for the normal functioning of the human body. Adequate consumption of fresh carrots or carrot juice could cover a significant part of the daily mineral requirement and could be considered as sources of essential minerals.

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carrot and carrot juice, essential minerals element, mineral intake.

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CASE STUDY OF AN INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM LOCATED IN GĂTAIA, TIMIȘ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 97-104

Marian Flavius, Eremi Ovidiu, Casiana Mihuț, Okros Adalbert, Anisoara Duma Copcea

Agriculture is one of the main drivers, which pushes a society for change, showing influences in both the economic and social environment. Agriculture in turn is influenced by various factors that get out of human control, such as natural and technical factors. Some of the main natural factors are the shape of the land and the type of soil, and the technical factors are represented by mechanization, irrigation, chemicalization, etc. The increase in large-scale agricultural production has led to the emergence of intensive agriculture. A system that is based on the concentration and specialization of production. The different components of the technological system are intensively applied. There are issues that are in favour of this type of agriculture and others against it, because the use of chemicals to accelerate crop production pollutes the waters and soils. Through this paper we want to present a case study on an intensive agricultural system located in Gataia. The area of this locality offers an ideal environment for crop diversity due to the plain area in which it is located, with a temperate continental climate and soils of high fertility. The data presented are collected from a farm for a period of 3 years, more precisely for the years 2018, 2019, 2020 with a total area of 4.160.21 ha. The main agricultural crops within the farm being wheat and corn and the rest of the crops are intended as a feed base for the livestock sector that the farm owns and to carry out a judicious crop rotation.

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soil, intensive agriculture, factors, multiannual data

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STUDY OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN MEHEDINŢI COUNTY pag. 105-112

MARIAN (ILIE) Virginia-Simona, ȘMULEAC Laura, TULBURE Cristina

Groundwater accounts for 97% of the world's freshwater resources, with the exception of glaciers and ice caps, making it the world's largest supplier of freshwater. The other 3% is represented by lakes, rivers, swamps, ie surface waters, and soil moisture. The notion of groundwater must thus be seen as a valuable resource for the environment, not only as a source of drinking water supply, thus imposing the protection of groundwater, being particularly important for the environment. The case study presented in this paper, has as main objective of the research, the monitoring of quality parameters regarding groundwater in the southwestern part of the country, respectively Devesel commune and Chilia village, belonging to Devesel commune. The water samples used in this case study were taken from the wells of these two rural areas, from Mehedinți county, Devesel commune and Chilia village, belonging to Devesel commune. In zone 1 D (Devesel commune) we took water samples from the wells of 4 families, having a well in the yard, a clayey area (which we noted well 1, 2, 3, 4), located at a distance of about 200 meters and water samples from 4 fountains, located outside the courtyards of the inhabitants of Devesel commune, located at a distance of 1km from each other, (which we noted fountain 5, 6, 7, 8). In area 2 C (Chilia village) we took water samples from 4 wells located outside the people's yards. Two of the fountains are at a distance of about 200 meters and we noted fountain 1 and fountain 2. And we also took two water samples from two fountains located along the road, which we noted well 3 and well 4, the distance between the two wells being about 300 meters. For the analysis of the water in the wells, the following quality parameters were observed: nitrogen ion content, nitrite ion content, phosphate ion content, ion content ammonium, chloride content, iron content, manganese content, sodium content, potassium content, CCO-Mn, pH, hardness. The quality parameters we followed were analyzed, according to standardized methods.

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groundwater quality, rural wells, water samples, quality parameters, groundwater quality in rural areas.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS IN PERIAM COMMUNE, TIMIȘ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 113-123

Marian Flavius, Eremi Ovidiu, Casiana Mihuț, Okros Adalbert, Borcean Adrian

Agriculture has been around since ancient times and continues to be a vital area of human activity today. It remains the only source of food, an important supplier of raw materials for industry and also a significant market for its production. Agriculture is a branch of material production, in which, with the help of green plants and under the guiding action of man, takes place the transformation of the kinetic energy of the sun into potential energy - organic matter - the only form of energy accessible to humans and animals. The development of agriculture is influenced by natural, technical and socio-economic factors. Technical factors have an important role in increasing production, through mechanization, chemicalization, irrigation, etc. and the socio-economic ones through the capacity and the degree of training of the labor force and the entire economic context in which this branch of the economy develops. Among the natural factors, the climate has an essential role, it conditions the spread and structure of agricultural crops through the regime of temperature, humidity and light. The relief influences the distribution of crops by altitude, the exposure of the slopes, the inclination of the slopes. The genetic type of soil contributes through its main feature, fertility, to which is added the ability to drain and retain water. In this paper we want to present the characterization of soils in Periam commune, Timiș county. The soils encountered within the area are those of the chernozem type. Within this type of soil, several subtypes can be separated, among which wet groundwater chernozems predominate. Due to the good physical, chemical and biological properties they have, chernozems have a high natural fertility. Grains, technical plants and fodder give very good yields on this type of soil. Gleiosoils appear in the lower areas due to the high level of groundwater rich in potassium.

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agriculture, soil, factors, soil analysis

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IMPORTANT ORNAMENTAL HOST PLANTS FOR MEALYBUGS (COCCOMORPHA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) IN GREENHOUSES pag. 124-130

Cristina Elena MAROCICO, Andreea Sorina SAMAN, Codruța CHIȘ, Ioana GROZEA, Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) include economically important insect pests, especially for woody and herbaceous ornamental plants. These species of insects cause direct damage to ornamental plants when insert their mouthparts like needles into host and sap plants; but also indirectly by transmitting plant viruses. During the last twenty years, several pseudococcidae mealybugs species have been established in western Romania after introduction as a result of international trade. This family compries world – wide a 2032 species belonging to 258 genera. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main pest species to ornamental plant in terms of taxonomic hierarchy, morphological characteristics, geographical distribution, quantitative ratio and preferred host plants. The paper is mainly based on sampled taken by the authors, useing direct observation method, from a private greenhouses, located in Timisoara. Specimens of mealybugs were collected during 2020 – 2021 from the aerial parts of different ornamental plant species. The specimens and parts of the infestated plants were collected and placed in labeled plastic bags. Biological material was identified at species level; after this operation the specimen were preserved in 70% alcohol. Each specimen was labeled by the recorded information of host plant and collecting date. This study highlighted the presence of three mealybug species infesting various ornamental host plants in western Romania greenhouses. Pseudococcus longispinus is the only species that can be regarded as native. Planococcus citri and Planococcus ficus are introduced species, established on indoor ornamental plants. The host plants preferred by these species, in relation to the number of specimens, were: Olea europaea; Cycas revoluta and Ficus benjamina.

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ornamental host plants, Pseudococcus longispinus, Planococcus citri, Planococcus ficus, greenhouses

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SOIL RESOURCES FROM THE PERIMETER OF BANLOC LOCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE USE pag. 131-135

MOISE A., MIHUȚ A.C., BOCA Cosmina, MIHUȚ Casiana, OKROS A.

The soil resources of Banloc locality are presented, namely: the identification and characterization from an ecopedological point of view of the territorial administrative unit (ATU) within the researched space; studying natural conditions: relief, lithology, climate, hydrography and hydrology, vegetation and fauna, soils; studying the cosmic-atmospheric offer specific to the researched area; identification, study of soil types and subtypes and their morphological, chemical, physical and hydrophysical properties; characterization of the soil cover, determination of the quality class for the arable use category and establishment of the favorability for the main categories of cultivated plants. The main object of study is the lands belonging to this territorial administrative unit, respectively the soils identified in the mentioned perimeter. As a general presentation of the soil resources within the Bîrzava-Timiș interfluve, it can be stated that, except for soils such as chernozems and those on hail, all other soils create a series of difficulties for agriculture in the area. During the vegetation period (in the summer months), a large part of the soil resources are successively affected by excess and moisture deficit, both factors having as effect the decrease of production. The researched territory is characterized by a temperate continental climate, characterized by shorter and milder winters. The average annual rainfall is 604.7 mm.

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soil resources, sustainable use, ecological conditions

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EVALUATION OF THE ATTACK OF YELLOW RUST (PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS WEST.) IN TIMIŞ COUNTY IN 2020 pag. 136-140

L. MOLNAR, Ramona ŞTEF, Ioana GROZEA, Ana-Maria VÎRTEIU, Snejana DAMIANOV, A. F.CĂRĂBEŢ

The low temperatures from 2020, which registered large differences compared to the multiannual averages, and with a low water regime inspired us to follow the dynamics of several diseases in Timiș County, including localities from all existing relief areas in the county, from the areas from meadow to mountainous mountainous areas. Among the winter wheat diseases studied was yellow rust produced by Puccinia striiformis West.At the entrance to the autumn wheat field, observations were made in seven localities, in each locality in three different fields determinations were made of the frequency and intensity of the attack of the fungus from 5 metric frames, to the standard leaf (F) and to the third leaf below the standard (F-3) on the diagonal of the fields. The degree of attack was calculated at the office and the resulting data were interpreted statistically. The comparisons were made with the average degree of attack in all localities.In order to be able to collect as much data as possible in the chosen localities, observations were made on several diseases. The localities were: Foieni, Clopodia Ştiuca, Poieni, Bethausen, Murani and Beba veche Unlike Septoria tritici Rob. and Desm. which is a great lover of cold climate, the fungus Puccinia striiformis West. which produces the yellow rust of winter wheat is thermophilic, so that the degree of attack on the F-3 leaf was low, and on the standard leaf it was almost non-existent.

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Autumn wheat, Puccinia striiformis, yellow rust, Timiş county

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EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGEN AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS ATTACK ON SOME APPLE VARIETIES pag. 141-148

Mihaela NECREALĂ1, Alexandra ROTARU1, Raul CHIFAN1, Ana-Maria VÎRTEIU1, Alin CĂRĂBEȚ1, Ramona ȘTEF1

Agrobacterium tumefaciens produce pagube severe, cauzând adesea pierderea plantelor infectate. Patogenul este polivor, având o agresivitate ridicată, atacă peste 140 de specii ierboase și lemnoase. În ultimele decenii, diseminarea bolii a crescut foarte mult datorită schimbului intensiv și comercializării materialului de înmulțire, latent infectat. Obiectivul studiului a fost de a determina agresivitatea, virulența și gradul de atac al bacteriei Agrobacterium tumefaciensis precum și de a observa soiurile sensibile și tolerante la atacul acestui patogen, în condițiile climatice ale anului 202. În perioada martie – mai 2021 au fost efectuate observații privind prezența și atacul bacteriei Agrobacterium tumefaciens la soiurile de măr: Generos, Delicios de Voinești și Florina din plantația Stațiunii Didactice și Experimentale Lugoj Herindești. Atacul bacteriei Agrobacterium tumefaciens a fost semnalat cu ușurință datorită hipetrofiilor vizibile. Observațiile efectuate au evidențiat că patogenul Agrobacterium tumefaciens a atacat cele trei soiuri de măr, luate în studiu. Soiul Florina a fost cel mai sensibil la atacul cancerului bacterian, prezentând cele mai ridicate valori ale agresivității, virulenței și gradului de atac. Frecvența de atac (40%), cea mai scăzută, s-a înregistrat la soiul Delicios de Voinești, dar intensitatea atacului a fost mai mare comparativ cu cea manifestată la soiul Generos. Ca urmare a studiului efectuat, soiul Generos a reieșit, ca fiind cel mai rezistent la această bacterie, gradul de atac fiind semnificativ mai mic în comparație cu martorul (media soiurilor).

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens, attack, apple varieties

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USE OF SPECIFIC ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE FIELDS OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT pag. 149-153

A.- G. OACHIȘ1, Laura Iosefina ȘMULEAC1, R. PAȘCALĂU1

adaptation to maintain its attractiveness and legitimacy, in a changing environment. It has diversified, both in terms of the audiences welcomed and the training provided, while consolidating the assets and specificities that underpin its success. In the academic field, within HEIs, the future professionals, actual students need to possess and adequate English language, in all relevant areas of study, especially in those registering a faster evolution, agriculture itself, environment, climate change. We might ask ourselves why and how come that these areas need English language. Well, in a more modernized era and fulminant evolution, new terms and vocabulary have been introduced within these areas, new European and worldwide policies have been issued and in order to be updated one must possess good English knowledge to be a true professional and to increase the chances with a competitive labour marked after graduation. In addition to his, more and more equipment and gear, fertilizers and all tools and substances come from abroad, thus it is compulsory to have good level of English language and appropriate terms. It is important not only to have the appropriate vocabulary but also to use correct grammar rules, consequently starting with the first years of study, not only basic English language rules must be thought but also ESP and specific vocabulary from several fields of interest. One may notice that the evolution of the above-mentioned fields of Agriculture is a worldwide one and being updated and informed must be done from worldwide sources and most of them are in English.

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English, agriculture, environment, students, language

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THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN IMPLEMENTING NEW TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGES pag. 154-158

Ligia Lavinia OLARIU1, Laura Iosefina ȘMULEAC1, R. PAȘCALĂU1

Agriculture and climate change are areas currently registering a very high evolution and progress, and in all the new trends in the last years, the English language has become imperative in developing all the activities, in the day by day activities, within all domains, from production, to research, to customer and providers, from where all the fertilizers, products, technologies, equipment, are brought into the local, national and regional market, but also regarding all the regulations and provisions issued by the European competent authorities in the fields. Consequently, the knowledge of an appropriate English language has become highly required at all levels, from private companies and employees to public ones, especially Higher education institutions and vocation centres for perfection within these areas. For the agricultural and food sector, the priority is therefore the agroecological transition to continue to feed people by taking into account climate change, fighting against the erosion of the biodiversity and meeting societal expectations. This transition will allow us to implement the new trends in agriculture and climate changes as possible solutions for a sustainable development in several related areas, but not without a higher level of English language, overpassing the basic one, a specific language also, even a B2 level for an ESP. To achieve these objectives, we need more knowledge and training more adapted to the needs of the students but also of the economic actors, from the qualified students in the specific fields, to the farmers that we may train and teach.

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English, agriculture, climate change, trends, language

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TOPOGRAPHIC LIFTING OF THE ROAD LOCATED IN THE EXTRAVILAN LOCATION BRETEA ROMANA,HUNEDOARA COUNTY pag. 159-164

Rares Cristian PETRESCU, Adrian ȘMULEAC

Bretea Română is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, consisting of the villages of Bățălar, Bercu, Bretea Română (residence), Bretea Streiului, Covragiu, Gânțaga, Măceu, Ocolișu Mare, Plopi, Ruși, Vâlcelele Bune, Vâlcele and Vâlcele. of the work is to draw up a topographic road survey, for the rehabilitation of the road outside the town of Bretea Română Hunedoara county, road with a length of 2005 m and a width of 6 - 16 m. topographic, topographic plans at a scale of 1: 2000, in STEREOGRAPHIC system 1970, reference level Black Sea. In order to carry out the work, a topographic survey of the site was necessary at a scale of 1: 2000, and for the radiated points the rectangular coordinates were calculated in STEREOGRAPHIC 1970 system, and then with their help the plan and analytical calculation of the surface were drafted. Specialized programs were used to calculate the rectangular coordinates and the analytical calculation of the surfaces, and the data will be loaded and then processed in AutoCAD. AutoCAD is a CAD program used in the design of construction plans in two dimensions (2D), less in three dimensions (3D), developed and marketed by the American company Autodesk. The system-specific ('native') files are the dwg type, as well as the dxf (Drawing eXchange Format) files, which are extremely widespread. Although it was originally created to run on platforms such as Unix and Macintosh, its development was abandoned in favor of the Windows operating system. AutoCAD - computer aided design - is the most common environment for computer aided graphics and design, successfully used in fields such as architecture, geography, medicine, astronomy, technology, etc. The Hi-Target V30 GPS was used to make the measurements, angles and distances.

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AutoCAD, Autodesk, dwg, dwf, GPS Hi - Target V30

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ESTABLISHMENT OF A VEGETAL AGRICULTURAL EXPLOITATION IN CARANI LOCALITY, TIMIȘ COUNTY, ROMANIAN pag. 165-170

Pizmaș Ariana-Maria, Laichici Daniel Emanuel,Mihuț Casiana, Okros Adalbert, Mircov Vlad

Agriculture is one of the oldest activities specific to man, with the aim of obtaining raw materials and food products necessary for human nutrition and in certain economic sectors. It is also an important engine for the economic development of a society, developed agriculture being a factor that attests to the degree of development of a society. The agricultural process takes place in units whose integration in the ecological, technical, economic and social environments is carried out specifically. This process ensures the transformation of various forms of substance and energy under the action of labor and natural factors, as well as through living organisms, into products and services designed to meet the agri-food and other requirements of society. In this paper we present a business plan for setting up a vegetable farm in Carani, Timiș County for accessing funds from PNDR 2014-2021, sub-measure 6.1, carried out between 2014-2021, as well as physical-geographical conditions of the territory of ATU Sânandrei, of which the locality in question is also part of it. The total cultivated area is 6.75 ha, the plants cultivated throughout the project are: sunflower, wheat, zucchini, corn, melons and strawberries; making crop rotations every year. Also, without a business plan, non-reimbursable support for setting up a farm could not be obtained. The production of each plant cultivated for the period 2019-2020-2021 was also monitored.

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agriculture, climat, legume, farmer;

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AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOIL RESOURCES IN ȘEPREUȘ LOCALITY, ARAD COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 171-179

Pizmaș Ariana-Maria, Marian Flavius, Borcean Adrian, Okros Adalbert, Simona Niță

Agriculture is a traditional branch in the Romanian economy that has as the means of production agricultural land (all land located within the borders of a country, including those under water), which provides food for the population, raw materials for industries and products for export. It has been practiced in our country since prehistoric times, for a longtime predominating pastoralism, practiced in several forms including transhumant (the permutation of the herds depending on the season from high to low areas). Through this research we want to highlight the agrochemical characteristics of the soil resources in Şepreuş, Arad County, Romania. In order to highlight these characteristics, six plots with different surfaces were chosen: Ceichi (1ha), Jidovi (20ha), Armata (7ha), Cabana (5ha), Ciobanu (7ha), Goldis (14ha), from which soil samples were taken, on which a series of analyzes were performed. Among the characteristics sought to find out we can find the pH value, the supply of humus, phosphorus, potassium, and the calcium carbonate content, and the texture of the soil, were monitored, on all the six plots, mentioned above. For each plot, the recommended fertilizer requirement (NPK) was calculated, depending on the crop to be established but also taking into consideration the previous crop. The main crops present on these plots are corn, autumn wheat and autumn barley.

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soil, agrochemistry, soil supply, fertilization

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THE EVALUATION OF SOME BIOELEMENTS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF HERBAL TEAS pag. 180-186

Georgeta - Sofia POPESCU1, Ariana - Bianca VELCIOV1, Anisoara IENCIU2, Nicoleta NEBANCEA3, Florina RADU1, Lia Sanda ROTARIU4, D. MANEA2

Herbal teas are a popular beverage and are used as therapeutic vehicles in many forms of traditional medicine. As tea is a popular drink and its preparation is remarkably simple (pour hot water on various dry herbs), it is very important to monitor and develop a screening methodology for detecting metals content in herbal tea. The number of articles exploring the efficacy and clinical safety of teas and herbal teas is small, even though herbal materials are the basis of the discovery of medicines and teas are some of the most popular drinks. This research was aimed to estimate the distribution of some bioelements in different types of herbal teas used in diet therapy. We used atomic absorption spectrometry in order to determine the concentration of Ca, Mg (macroelements), Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu (trance elements) in various indigenous herbal teas. In our work we collected herbal teas from county Gorj. These herbals are chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), peppermint (Mentha piperita), marigold (Calendula officinalis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), and Plantain (Plantago lanceolata). Preliminary results of this study reveal an uneven distribution of the concentrations of these bioelements. Bioelements distribution in analysed herbal teas presents generally, the following trend: Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. The study aimed at the determination of the mineral composition of medicinal herbs for evaluation of the coverage of the recommended daily intake of mineral elements by tea. The concentration of these bio-elements in herbal teas shows significant variations determined by the nature and type of herbal tea and bio-elements investigated.

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biominerals, atomic absorption spectrometry, herbs, herbal tea

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MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMATION OF SYSTEMATIC LAND REGISTRATION IN LIEBLING’S ADMINISTRATIVE TERRITORIAL UNIT pag. 187-197

Andana RUS, Adrian SMULEAC, Mihai SIMON

The solutions identified so far in the field of Cadastre and land registration require a careful analysis of the practical way of collecting and integrating data, especially when it comes to the steps necessary for the proper running of the systematic land registration process, the purpose of which is to have complete evidence of lands and buildings in Romania. For these reasons, this paper, respectively, the systematic land registration in Liebling’s Administrative-Territorial Unit, located in Timis County, outlines an overall analysis of the techniques and methods used to automate this process, from the perspective of cadastre specialists who actively participate in the systematic land registration of lands and buildings. Within this type of project, 75-80% of the total work volume represents the topographic measurements and data acquisition, as well as processing, respectively integrating this data into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Due to the fact that this share amount is so high, for the operability and shortening of these stages, in the Systematic Land Registration of Liebling’s Administrative-Territorial Unit, new modern means, superior to those used in the previous projects of this type, were implemented. For the data acquisition stage, Pegasus Backpack (mobile LiDAR scanning equipment - Mobile Mapping System) and Phantom 4 Pro Drone (UAV) were integrated, in order to obtain a higher performance and precision and as for data manipulation and generating deliverables of Systematic Cadastre projects, GIS software Mapsys 10.0 with CG 3.0, as a relational geographic database manageable in MapSys were correlated. The use of these modern techniques of data acquisition and processing had as main objective to increase the efficiency and simplification of this real estate systematic registration process within reasonable terms while still maintaining a high-quality level. A first beneficial impact due to the short time of data acquisition, was obtained from the first stages of the project such as having a better overview regarding property limits and ownership, but also by having an efficient data management system, that helped make faster and better decisions while being in the documents collecting phase. Due to the fact that this process is of national importance and in a continuous change, the paper is structured around two major concerns, namely, the presentation of the current modern state of the systematic land registration activity while taking into consideration the degree of novelty and also identifying improvement proposals based on the results obtained from this case study. The main purpose of this research is to increase public awareness of the continuous automation in which the Systematic Land Registration System is currently in, while having a strong and beneficial impact, regarding costs, time and professional staff required for a high-level project like this, but also sustain the fact that even though this system has not yet reached its full potential it is definitely ready for "Cadastre" and "Registration of the whole country".

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Systematic Land Registration, Automation, Process, Modern techniques, Data, GIS, Analyze

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IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTION SOURCES OF THE BÂC RIVER pag. 198-207

MSc stud. Sîli Nicolae, Assist.dr.eng. Apostu Izabela-Maria, Lect.dr.eng. Faur Florin

Accessible and indispensible freshwater resources for ecosystems and humans represent only 0.26% of total freshwater resources and are found in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers (the rest being confined to glaciers, permanent snow, groundwater, and in the form of vapors). Unfortunately, water pollution is a phenomenon as undesirable as it is frequent and widespread, being for the most part the result of anthropogenic (human) activities. As a result of pollution, water can undergo both physical and chemical changes that can lead to the degradation or destruction of aquatic ecosystems and limit the possibilities of use for various socio-economic purposes. This paper presents a preliminary study on the quality assessment of one of the most important rivers in the Republic of Moldova - the Bâc River, which crosses the capital Chisinau. Bâc River has an extremely high degree of pollution, as a result of poor management of water resources and lack of measures to protect its quality. The aim of the paper is to identify the main sources of pollution of the Bâc River and to identify the impact generated by them on the studied watercourse and surroundings. The identification of the pollution sources was done step by step, through satellite observations, from the source to the discharge point, completed with field observations. The impact generated by the identified pollution sources was highlighted by applying the method of impact networks. Thus, taking into account the identified pollution sources, we made recommendations to eliminate/reduce pollution and implicitly its effects, by identifying practical solutions and prevention measures, and considering that these actions will ensure the protection of the aquatic ecosystem and the overall environment.

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Bâc River, water pollution, pollution sources

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THE USE OF CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE PRODUCTIVE RECOVERY WORKS OF THE LANDS AFFECTED BY DESERTIFICATION. AN OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS FOR DOLJ COUNTY pag. 208-217

Stud. Șuleru Elena, MSc Stud. Sîli Nicolae, Lect.dr.eng. Faur Florin, Assist.dr.eng. Apostu Izabela-Maria

At present, larger and larger areas of land within the Romanian Plain are affected by the desertification phenomenon (in various stages, up to real deserts with dunes, for example in the southwest of Dolj County). This phenomenon, resulting from a combination of factors, such as poor management of agricultural land, intensification of erosion (especially wind erosion) on the background of deforestation of protective belts installed in the 60s - 80s of last century, and with an increasing contribution of climate changes (reduction of precipitation in general, prolonged intervals with high temperatures and lack of precipitations, high and sudden variations of temperatures, etc.), since it affects the main agricultural area of the country, is able to threaten the food security of Romania. In this context, it is necessary to identify solutions that are as fast as possible and at the same time technically and economically viable for the reintroduction of these lands in the productive circuits. Based on these considerations, but also taking into account some present realities (related to the abrupt rise of energy and fuel prices, as well as a much discussed and expected food crisis), in this paper we set out to analyze, at a conceptual level, the possibility and the opportunity to use the central pivot irrigation systems as the main solution within the complex of works necessary for the reintroduction of the lands affected by desertification in the agricultural productive circuits. Also, we specify that the present study was restricted to the southwestern part of the Romanaților Plain (a subdivision of the Romanian Plain), located in Dolj County, without excluding the possibility for this solution to be adopted in other regions affected by desertification in the country.

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desertification, irrigation systems, agricultural recovery

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WINTER WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY IN EASTER CROATIA pag. 218-223

Zvonimir Špoljar, Dario Iljkić, Mirta Rastija

Wheat is one of the most important and widespread agricultural crop in the world. In Croatia, in terms of production, wheat is second dominant crop and occupies around 20% of total arable land. Furthermore, in the context of the purchase price, grain quality plays a very important role for producers. The aim of the study was to analyze the parameters of wheat grain quality (protein content, hectoliter mass, moisture content and total impurities) in eastern Croatia and to examine the role of weather conditions during the two winter wheat growing seasons (2017/2018, 2018/2019). Wheat samples from 12 different locations in the east Croatia were collected and analyzed. The protein content was determined using the Omega Analyzer G (Bruins instruments, USA), moisture and hectoliter mass were done using GAC 2100 (Dickey John, USA) while the determination of total impurities was determined by simple sieving and weighing. Based on the analysis of 17 509 samples taken over two years from the four counties of eastern Croatia (Osjecko-baranjska, Vukovarsko-srijemska, Brodsko-posavska and Pozesko-slavonska), the average values of protein content were 12.74 % with variation from 11.47 % to 14.54 %. At the same time, hectoliter weight was 76.92 kg hl-1, grain moisture 12.78 % and total impurities 4.44 %. Generally, weather conditions during 2018/2019 vegetation period were more favorable for wheat quality compared to the second tested season while differences between sites were connected probably with agrotehnics measures and cultivar.

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winter wheat, grain quality, weather characteristisc, east Croatia

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PREPARATION OF A DOCUMENTATION FOR THE FIRST REGISTRATION OF A BUILDIN LOCATED IN UAT OBÂRȘIA-COLOȘANI, MEHEDINȚI COUNTY pag. 224-233

Larisa Mileva SUHAI, Adrian ȘMULEAC

Obârşia-Coloșani commune is located in the northern part of Mehedinti county, with an area of 7,846 ha and is bordered: to the north with Padeș Gorj commune, to the south with Isverna and Ponoarele communes, to the west with Isverna village, and to the east with Baia de Aramă town. Compared to the municipality of Drobeta Turnu Severin is located at a distance of 80 km, and from the town of Baile Herculane at about. 50 km. The Mehedinti Plateau, although it is a geographical unit with heights characteristic of the hilly regions, has a petrographic composition and a geological structure specific to the mountains (it belongs from a geo-structural point of view to the Southern Carpathians, meeting here almost all their structural units: the Getic canvas, the Danubian native and the Severin cloth); 50 to 55%. The objective of the work is to draw up a documentation for the first registration of the building located in OBARȘIA-CLOȘANI Commune, extravilan, Mehedinnti County. The topo-cadastral operations existing in the area are the following: geodetic works, photogrammetric and cartographic topo, topographical plans at 1:25000 scale in STEREOGRAFIC system 1970, Black Sea reference level. In order to execute the work, it was necessary to raise the topographical site at the scale of 1:5000. For the radiated points were calculated the rectangular coordinates in the stereographic system, which used the analytical calculation of the surface to be drawn up in the plane. In order to determine the coordinates of the station points, azimuth and zenith observations were executed by the horizon tour method, and the radiated points were determined by the radiation method. For the calculation of rectangular coordinates and the analytical calculation of surfaces, specialized programs were used. The data was uploaded, then processed into the AutoCAD system, which is a CAD system, used in the design of two-dimensional (2D) design plans, less in 3 dimensions (3D), invented and marketed by the American company Autodesk. System-specific ("native") files are dwg files, as well as dxf (Drawing eXchange Format) files, which are extremely widespread. For measuring angles and distances, the total station LEICA TS 02 was used.

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AutoCAD, Autodesk, dwg, dwf, Leica TS 02

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS FROM MOȘNIȚA NOUĂ COMMUNE, TIMIȘ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 234-239

Varga Rebeca, Marian Flavius, Okros Adalbert, Borcean Adrian, Mircov Vlad

The object of the activity of mapping, credit rating and evaluation is the soil (earth), the thinnest and most fragile covering of the Earth. It is studied in relation to the environmental factors and conditions that condition its existence, together with them forming land units (habitats, biotopes, homogeneous ecological territory units, resorts, ecosystems) with specific favors for the development of different agrarian or natural phytocenoses, with specific skills for different agricultural, forestry and special uses. The territory of Moşniţa Nouă commune, from a geomorphological point of view, falls within the land of the Tisa Plain, the support of the digression plain, the distinct Timiş Plain. The geological terrain of the area of which the researched territory is part is integrated in the geological past of the great natural region: the Pannonian Plain. From a hydrographic point of view, the area to which the territory of Moşniţa Nouă commune belongs belongs to the Timişuiui basin, which borders on the south and east, the territories of Urseni and Albina villages. The Timiş River functions as a feeder (at maximum levels) of the groundwater level in the area and as a drainage role of the groundwater level in the area and as a drainage role of the groundwater level. The records from the meteorological station in Tirnişoara between 1896-1955, updated with more recent data from 1986-1995, were used to characterize the climatic conditions. From the point of view of vegetation, the territory of Moşniţa Nouă commune is characterized by a humid forest-steppe vegetation.

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Activity, temperature, biological, trataments, agriculture, vegetation

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THE THICKENING OF THE GEODETIC NETWORK BY SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS IN VINGA COMMUNE pag. 240-249

Martin VELESCU, Adrian SMULEAC, Mihai SIMON

In this paper is depicted the creation of the geodetic network of Vinga commune. Vinga is a commune in Arad County, close to the boundary with Timiș County. The commune also includes the settlements of Mănăștur and Mailat, with a total area of around 14142 acres. The following criteria were considered before selecting the points that will thicken the national network and be determined by GNSS measurements: to ensure the point's preservation for a long time, to be visible from 15 degrees above the horizon, to have GNSS receivers set to collect data every 5 seconds, and to be accessible regardless of the weather conditions. There should be no high-power electrical installations near the stations or emission relays, according to the fundamental criteria that are decided to be able to be employed in future operations. The measurements were totally carried out using satellite technology. The following activities were carried out in order to create this geodetic network: GNSS measurements using the static technique for thickening the support network, and GNSS measurements using the radio method for thickening the support network. Feno terminals were used to make field markings for the GNSS approach of thickening the network. With reference to the locations in the national geodetic network RO, two L1 / L2 dual frequency receivers, model LEICA VIVA GS08, were utilized for measurement. The geodetic thickening network is being built to meet some economic and legal administrative criteria, and it will serve as the foundation for topographic measurements for various reasons.

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GNSS, Leica Viva GS08, Leica TS16, Feno, network

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USE OF SENTINEL 2 IMAGES IN LAND MANAGEMENT pag. 250-257

Milena VOINOV, Adelin ISFAN, Vlad URSIC, Radu BERTICI, Mihai Valentin HERBEI

Remote sensing is the technology through which objects can be measured, identified, and analyze remotely, without the need for direct contact. For analysis of satellite images, we used the data obtained from Copernicus Sentinel-2. Sentinel-2 is used for plant growth monitoring, but it can be also used for supervision changes in the terrain, as well as forest changes. The images obtained by Sentinel-2 are given by a constellation of two identical satellites in the same orbit, with a high spatial resolution in the optical field. Sentinel-2 offers good quality high quality images as well as multispectral images, observation of changes in land. Each Sentinel-2 satellite weighs about 1.2 tons and has been built to be compatible with small launchers, as VEGA and ROCKOT. Sentinel-2 satellites are 180 degrees apart in the same orbit. Copernicus Sentinel-2 uses 13 spectral bands, and the spatial resolution depends on the particular spectral band: 4 bands at 10m: blue (480nm), green (560nm), red (665nm) and almost infrared (842nm); 6 bands at 20m: 4 narrow bands for characterizing vegetation (705nm, 740nm, 783nm and 865nm) and 2 large SWIR bands (1,610nm and 2,190nm) for applications such as snow detection, frost or moisture in vegetation; 3 bands at 60m: mainly for atmospheric corrections and cloud detection (443nm for aerosols, 945nm for water vapor and 1375nm for Cirrus cloud detection).

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Remote sensing, satellite images, Sentinel-2, satellites, spectral bands

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STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF POTATO VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT PERIOD OF VEGETATION IN PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE BANAT PLAIN pag. 258-263

Ioana Alina HÎNDA, Florin IMBREA

The study aimed at introducing and expanding new varieties in culture, which would respond to fresh consumption and industrialization. The applied technology is consistent with the current trend of introduction and expansion of soil conservation works in our country, a direction in which there is already some progress. The yield of tubers per hectare was calculated and determinations were made on the starch content, which ranged from 16% to 19.2% in the area under study. The tuber yield varied between 27,331 kg / ha and 38,645 kg / ha. The harvest of the late varieties was between 27,693 kg / ha for the Garet variety and 36,3310 for the Armonia variety, and for the semi-late varieties the harvests were between 27,331 kg / ha for the Productive variety, 38,645 kg / ha for the Albioana variety, 30,712 kg / ha for Nemere variety and 32,963 kg / ha for Red Sec. Determinations of tuber weight by variety and size ranged from 178 g for the Harmonia variety to 128 g for the Albioana variety for large tubers, from 81 g for the Nemere variety to 38 g for the Albioana variety for medium tubers and from 20 g for the variety Nemere and 31 g of the Harmonia variety in small tunnels.

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: potato varieties, production and quality

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THE IMPACT OF N, P AND K FERTILIZATION ON THE QUALITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION GROWN AT SDE TIMISOARA pag. 264-271

Pop (Kovacs) CECILIA IULIANA, Imbrea FLORIN

The quantity and composition of proteins ensure the nutritional quality of wheat grains. Cultivar, climatic conditions and fertilization are determining factors in grain protein accumulation. This paper examines the impact of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the protein content of wheat kernels. The wheat variety grown was Ciprian. The experimental field in the Experimental Didactic Station, in the soil and climatic conditions of the year 2019-2020.Through this research the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the protein component was investigated.The experimental variants had the following gradations of the experimental factors: chemical nitrogen fertilizers N0,N30,N60,N90,N120. An agrofoundation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was provided as follows: P0K0, P40K0, P80K0, P40K40 and P80K80. Of the three mucilages nitrogen plays an essential role in protein accumulation in the grain. The protein percentage was between 11.28-15.55% , under the influence of fertilization, and the highest values were recorded at the nitrogen dose levels 12.93(N30) and 15.44% (N120). The application of one-sided phosphorus and potassium fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of protein content in the grain, on all four P and K agroforests the increases are statistically insignificant. Nitrogen fertilizers resulted in statistically significant increases in protein content as follows: N30-1.65%, N60-2.98%, N90-3.80% and N120-4.16%.

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autumn wheat, climatic conditions, fertilization, production quality

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WHEAT YIELD RESULTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF N, P, K FERTILIZATION AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE 2019-2020 FROM PECICA-ARAD pag. 272-279

Pop (Kovacs) CECILIA IULIANA, Imbrea FLORIN

The aim of the work is to carry out a study on the influence of climatic conditions and fertilization with chemical fertilizers on wheat production, in the specific conditions of Pecica, county of Arad. A fundamental contribution to the increase in production per unit area is made by the level of N, P and K fertilisation and optimal soil and climatic conditions for exploiting the productive potential of the cultivated variety. The high ecological plasticity of wheat and its constant production means that farmers are still very interested in this crop. Growers are also interested in the crop with the highest yield per unit area. The aim of the paper is to highlight the production results of Ciprian wheat variety obtained in the soil and climatic conditions of the Pecica-Arad of 2019-2020, under the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization in order to determine the growers to choose the optimal wheat fertilization option. Wheat yield obtained was determined by nitrogen fertilizer application by difference from the control variant as follows: N30-485kg/ha, N60-584kg/ha, N90605kg/ha and N120kg/ha, at all four rates the differences are statistically assured as highly significant. With reference to the influence of climatic factors the greatest influence is had by the variable precipitation (Pp), followed by temperature, and N fertilizer has the greatest influence, followed by P-dose, K-dose.

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cultivars, fertilization, soil and climatic conditions, yield components

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HYBRID X MINERAL FERTILIZATION LEVEL INTERACTION ON SWEET CORN PRODUCTION pag. 280-285

Claudia Ramona AVRAM,Florinel IMBREA

The study presents the results of sweet corn production4 autochthonous hybrids (Estival, Dulcin, Prima and Deliciul Verii), depending on their interaction with the level of mineral fertilization and the specific climatic conditions of the researched area.The research was carried out on the territory of Ramna commune, located in the north-west part of Caraș Severin county,on a eutric-gleic alluvial type soil, moderately glaciated, extremely deep, medium loam/coarse sandy loam, developed on medium (clay) non-carbonate fluvial deposits.The obtained results show that the production of sweet corn has an upward trend from the Estival hybrid to the Dulcin hybrid, a downward trend from the Dulcin hybrid to the Prima hybrid and an upward trend again from the Prima hybrid to the Deliciul Verii hybrid. The production values of sweet corn varied between 14340 kg/ha and 15740 kg/ha. The lowest production of sweet corn was obtained at a1[Estival], and the highest at a2[Dulcin]. The differences between the hybrids are highly significant [p<0.001]. Depending on fertilization, the production of sweet corn has an upward trend depending on the level of fertilization. The values vary between 14074 kg/ha and 16290 kg/ha. The differences between fertilization levels are highly significant [p<0.001]. Sweet corn production increases with the level of fertilization. The highest production values are obtained on the N160P90K90 agrofund, and the lowest on the N120P90K90 agrofund, regardless of the tested hybrid. If we compare the hybrids, we can see that the highest production is obtained in hybrid 2[Dulcin], and the lowest production in hybrid 1[Estival], regardless of the level of fertilization.

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sweet corn, production, climatic conditions, mineral fertilization

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