Vol 51, No 2 (2019)
THE ASSESSMENT OF PENDIMETHALIN CYTOTOXITY BY ALLIUM ASSAY pag. 3-10
Adelina-Maria ANGHEL, Andreea Gabriela Georgia SÎRBU, Samuel OSTAN, Cornelia IANĂŞ, Mihaela CORNEANUPesticides have made huge contributions to mankind by reducing the number of diseases and pests typical of each crop, as well as weeds and increasing production widespread use of herbicides, despite their beneficial effects on agricultural production, may constitute a threat to the environment. The accumulation of active substances in soil, depending on their half-time life, can affect not only the target species but also non-target ones. Pendimethalin is an extensively used pre-emergent herbicide in vegetable crops, including for onion or garlic. The aim of the study is the assessment of the potential cytotoxic effect using the Allium assay. Allium sp. are very sensitive to different potential harmful elements for the environment. As biologic material were used 10 healthy Allium cepa L. same size bulbs (4.4 ± 0.3 g) for each experimental variant. For 4 days all bulbs were grown in tap water in tanks (10/20/10 cm). After this period the bulbs were placed in 5 experimental variants: Control – tap water; E1-E4 - increasing concentrations of the herbicide solution (1.365 – 4.550 g l-1 pendimethalin). The solutions in tanks were renewed at each 24 h. After 48, when the length of the root was 15- 20 mm were harvested 3 roots from each plant for cytological investigations. The roots were placed in Carnoy fixing solution for 24 hours, in the refrigerator. The hydrolysis was performed with HCl 1N for 7 minutes at 60°C. The staining was performed with Carr solution. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the mitotic index (MI), as well as by aberrant divisions counting. All data were processed statistically with STATISTICA 10 software (Basic statistics, 2 way -ANOVA, Duncan test, Correlations). The results show that pendimethalin induces a mitodepressive effect depending on dose correlated with a significant percent of genomic mutations. The frequency of aberrant cells increased significantly with the herbicide concentration. The accumulation of pesticides in the soil can represent an environmental hazard.
more abstractcytotoxicity, Pendimethalin, Allium test
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESPONSE OF SOME VARIETIES AND GENOTYPES OF TRITICALE (TRITICOSECALE WITTM.) TO THE ATTACK OF PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS WEST. FUNGUS IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 11-18
Otilia COTUNA1,2, Marinel HORABLAGA1,2, Cristian BOSTAN1, Veronica SĂRĂȚEANU1, Alina Laura AGAPIE2Nowadays the species Triticosecale has started to gain ground in Banatului Plain and in Romania, mainly due to the increased yields of biomass and grains in comparison with other cereals and due to the high adaptability to different climate and soil conditions. Triticale is interesting for inbreeding due to its features mainly as fodder plant. Triticale proved during time that it is sensitive to the attack of the cereals pathogens. In Banatului Plain triticale is sensitive to the attack of the fungi Puccinia striiformis (yellow stripe rust) and Drechslera tritici repentis (tan spot). In Banatului Plain tan spot appears in every year, but yellow stripe rust isn’t appearing yearly due to its demand for special conditions of temperature and moisture. This research is a case study developed in the spring of year 2018 when climate conditions were favourable to the development of the fungus Puccinia striiformis. Thus, there was monitored an experimental filed comprising nine lines and one variety of triticale in conditions of natural infection. There was evaluated the resistance to this dangerous pathogen of the cereals. The biological material used was: KT 1430 - 10, KWT 13069, 202.567, KT 390, 10T70126, 08TF01, 141 TRICAL, WINTER MAX and TM 01. Attack severity was comprised between 10% (line 10 T 70126) and 90% in line 202.567 that had proved to be the most sensitive from entire experimental field. Frequency of the plants with symptoms was maximal in five triticale lines from experience (F = 100%). Winter Max variety was highlighted by a low attack frequency of 5% plants with symptoms, the lowest from the experiment. All the analysed genotypes were reacted differently to the pathogen attack. Five triticale lines have manifested high sensitivity (FS) to the attack of Puccinia striiformis. Triticale lines 08TF01 and 141Trical and the variety Winter Max have manifested a reaction of sensitivity to the pathogen (S). Moderate resistance was noticed in only one triticale line from experimental field, respectively the line 10T70126.
more abstractPuccinia striiformis, resistance, triticale, lines, yellow stripe rust, triticosecale, varieties
Presentation: poster
DownloadWHEAT HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY pag. 19-25
Anișoara DUMA-COPCEA, Casiana MIHUȚ, R. ILEA, Corina SÎRBU, Daniela Nicoleta SCEDEI, Valer POP, Feidi AnuțaThe purpose of this paper is to show the mechanization technology for wheat harvesting with self-propelled grain harvester. The objectives are well organising the harvesting of grain cereals using the full working time, avoiding unnecessary stalling and empty driving, using the machines at their maximum working rate and fitting into the specific fuel consumption, which requires working properly on plots by choosing the most appropriate method. The recommendation is that for optimal working time use, it will be considered to correlate the number of combines according to the area of the plot to be harvested taking into account the productivity of the combines and the production per hectare. This is of particular importance in shortening the harvesting period because it avoids the movement of combines from one plot to another during the day when conditions permit harvesting The technological process of harvesting cereal grains is generally conditioned by a series of agrobiological factors characteristic of cereal crops such as crop variety, grain and stem maturity, grain-to-stem ratio, grain and stem humidity, stem fall rate, weeding rate, etc . All these factors have made it necessary in time to find suitable constructive solutions so that the mechanized harvesting of the basic product (grains) and of secondary products (straw and chaff) are done in the best conditions, observing the modern agrotechnical requirements, thus avoiding grain loss and damage, while ensuring a high degree of purity of the harvested product . The harvesting of the cereal grains can be done in one phase (full harvesting) or divided into several phases (two or three phases). At present, harvesting of grain cereals is, in most cases, done in a single phase using the combine. But there are situations, especially in damp crops, when they cannot be harvested with a single pass in the optimal period. In these cases, two-phase split harvesting is used, which allows the harvest to be prolonged by 5-8 days, but this harvesting technology requires additional work and equipment. It is recommended that, while operating, the engine should work at maximum speed to work properly the organs of the combine
more abstractmechanization technology, wheat harvest, self-propelled combine
Presentation: poster
DownloadQUANTIFICATION OF HIGH NATURAL VALUE GRASSLANDS IN THE ROMANIAN BANAT, A NORMATIVE AND PRACTICAL TOOL FOR BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION pag. 26-35
Lia HOANCEA1, Loredana COPĂCEAN1, P. RAIN1, Luminiţa COJOCARIU1The importance of biodiversity conservation, and also the underlining of the support mechanisms in the sustainable development of the Romanian rural area were the two premises in the elaboration of the present study. Consequently, its purpose was, in the first stage, the identification and quantification of High Natural Value grasslands and in the second stage, their multicriteria analysis, in accordance with other environmental factors. The area analyzed in the present paper is superimposed on the Romanian Banat, consisting of 199 administrative - territorial units, from five counties, totally or partially included (Timiş, Caraş-Severin, Arad, Mehedinţi and Hunedoara); historical-geographical and administrative criterion were considered for the delimitation of the study area. The working methodology comprises five stages: delimiting the area of interest, identifying the grassland surfaces, identifying the administrative-territorial units with High Natural Value lands, identifying the High Natural Value grasslands and finally, the regional, multicriteria analysis of the High Natural Value grasslands. Statistical analysis, interpretation of results and generation of cartographic materials was done by techniques and methods specific to Geographic Information Systems. The researches have shown that: in the territory of 46.23% of the ATUs from Banat we may find HNV lands, areas characterized by a high degree of biodiversity; from the total area of the Banat grasslands, 61% are HNV grasslands; the HNV grasslands represent 53.23% of the mountain area, although in their case the degree of biodiversity is very high, a series of physical-geographical factors (relief, climate) act upon them and become economic and organizational restrictions. Out of the total area of HNV grasslands, 40.98% are "unrestricted", located in areas with favorable physical-geographical conditions, in hilly or high plains and can be considered "balanced" with both high biodiversity and optimal conditions of exploitation and recovery. The largest areas are located in the administrative territories Fârliug, Oraviţa, Bogda, Secaş etc.
more abstractgrasslands, High Natural Value, biodiversity, funding, Banat
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE INVENTORY AND GIS MAPPING OF HERITAGE OBJECTIVES FROM TIMISOARA pag. 36-44
Lavinia POPESCU1, Andreea STULEANEC1, O. TIMBOTA2, R. BERTICIU1, M.V. HERBEI1The city of Timisoara is the city that has registered in the last years an upward trend of development, from an economic and demographic point of view. The city of Timisoara has a long history that begins with ancient human settlements on the present hearth of the city and then with the appearance of the first fortified city, around the century. XII. Thus, Timisoara has a vast cultural heritage that, unfortunately, at the moment is not fully exploited, those interested (city dwellers or tourists) not having available easy mechanisms to obtain information on local heritage and access to these objectives. Timisoara is located at an altitude of approximately 90m in the south east of Banat Plain, which is part of the Panonia Plain due to the divergence between the Bega and Timiș rivers, which make this land a marshy and frequently flooded area. These rivers were a natural protection for the fortress of Timișoara for a long period of time, but they also contributed to the humid and unsanitary climate, to the spread of the diseases of that period having a relatively small number of citizens. During the time these rivers were drained and diverted, during the eighteenth century, so Timisoara was no longer on the river Timis but on the Bega Canal, due to the construction of the Bega Canal - 1728 and due to the complete drainage of the marshes in that area. The land of the city of Timisoara is located above a groundwater at a depth of only 0.5 - 5 m, a factor that prevents the construction of high objectives in safe conditions. However, due to these aspects, the soil in this region is of a higher quality so this region is considered a very fertile agricultural region. An important initiative to enhance the local cultural heritage was to obtain the status of European Cultural Capital 2021, one of the findings of this step being the need for a better correlation between the IT&C sector, which is in full swing in the last year of economic development of the city and the sector. cultural through the use of modern IT&C solutions, easy to promote the culture and the local cultural heritage at the level of the interested inhabitants and tourists. In this context, through this paper we propose the creation of digital maps in a GIS environment, through which any interested user can access information regarding the location and description of a total number of 118 monuments of local cultural heritage (type A and B, cf. Ord. 2314/2004 and 2385/2008). An important initiative to enhance the local cultural heritage was to obtain the status of European Cultural Capital 2021, one of the findings of this step being the need for a better correlation between the IT&C sector, which is in full swing in the last year of economic development of the city and the sector. cultural through the use of modern IT&C solutions, easy to promote the culture and the local cultural heritage at the level of the interested inhabitants and tourists. In this context, through this paper we propose the creation of digital maps in a GIS environment, through which any interested user can access information regarding the location and description of a total number of 118 monuments of local cultural heritage (type A and B, cf. Ord. 2314/2004 and 2385/2008).
more abstractGIS, Maps, Database, Digital
Presentation: oral
DownloadMANAGEMENT OF GRASSLANDS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE BIRD SPECIES LANIUS MINOR AND FALCO VESPERTINUS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY, IN ROMANIA. CASE STUDY pag. 45-56
P. RAIN1, C. BOSTAN1, Loredana COPĂCEAN1, Lia HOANCEA1, Luminiţa COJOCARIU1,2*The researches presented in this work were located in the hilly area of the East of Timis County, with altitudes between 351 - 489 m, on a total area of 43062.84 ha and an area occupied by grasslands of 11292 ha, divided into four administrative-territorial units (Ohaba Lungă, Făget, Mănăştiur and Margina). The main purpose of this study is to establish the sustainable management of grasslands and the opportunities for financial support, in order to protect and conserve the bird species Lanius minor and Falco vespertinus. In this context, three main objectives were pursued: (1) identification of grasslands in the study area and their "trajectory" over time; (2) creation of a map showing the presence of the two species of grassland birds, of community importance, Lanius minor and Falco vespertinus, in the study area (according to PNDR 2014-2020) and (3) based on the possible threats, to create integrated grassland management measures, in the study area, in accordance with EU CAP policies, aimed at the actions of protection and conservation of the birds of community importance. The work methodology, supported by geomatics techniques, statistical analyses and field observations, followed five stages: selecting the study area, drawing up the thematic maps, identifying the grassland surfaces - evolutionary trends, analyzing the EU CAP policies to subsidize important grassland for birds and identifying threats to the species Lanius minor and Falco vespertinus, in the area of interest. Through the five stages of work, the measures of sustainable grassland management have been established. Following the spatial analyses, a slight variation of the meadow surfaces was demonstrated, the main "support" of the studied bird species, produced in particular, by demographic mechanisms, in the first period favorable to the exploitation of agricultural lands, and in the second part of the analyzed range, unfavorable, with adverse consequences in the mode of agricultural exploitation, as well as for biodiversity. In order to mitigate these phenomena, the EU CAP policies, implemented in Romania by the PNDR (2014-2020) through the agri-environment and climate measure, stimulate through subsidies the measures of "good practices" in the grasslands of the analyzed area. In order to protect and conserve bird species, a set of general, but also specific measures to grassland habitats has been proposed.
more abstractanalysis, biodiversity, protection, grasslands, management
Presentation: poster
DownloadCONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF SLUDGE IN AGRICULTURE pag. 57-63
Cornel SAVA1, Elena Maria PICĂ, Marius-Daniel ROMAN2Water is undoubtedly a source of life, but almost equally it is an essential source for comfort. The use of water for activities that provide the comfort of a civilized life, implies a marked degradation of the natural qualities of the water can occur due to the introduction of pollutants into water, transforming it into wastewater. Wastewater is collected through complex sewage systems and transported to areas outside human settlements. For a long time this huge source of pollution was dumped into the flowing waters, into lakes and artificial ponds created for this purpose. The numerical increase of the human settlements has highlighted the high pollution capacity of the wastewater. People have realized that wastewater needs to be treated. The cost of treating wastewater is about twice the cost of drinking water. The expansion and modernization of wastewater treatment plants is the only way to reduce pollution and avoid infestation of surface water with wastewater. The current treatment technology involves obtaining significant quantities of sludge. The sludge collected from wastewater treatment is an important source of pollution. This may result in additional processing and storage costs. The present paper proposes a method of responsible management of the sludge can be obtained. Following dehydration, the sludge remains with a significant amount of water, about 70%, which makes it difficult to use. For the preparation of the sludge for use, the proposed method involves the use of a machine that will continue drying the sludge after the mechanical dehydration operation, until it is brought to 50% solid substance (SS). Dry sludge becomes much more attractive for use. If the treatment plant is well sized, it manages to eliminate those substances contained in the wastewater, which are harmful when their concentration is high. The use of dehydrated and dry sludge as fertilizer in agriculture can only be carried out with careful supervision of the process of collecting and purifying wastewater and drying properly. Those interested should be properly informed about the qualities of dehydrated sludge. The sludge contains nitrogen and phosphorus, chemical elements that recommend its use on agricultural land as fertilizer. The sludge resulting from the treatment of wastewater contains organic matter and nutrients, which can contribute to increasing soil fertility. The paper will present pictures of dried sludge to highlight the advantages of dry sludge. Laboratory determinations will show that, by drying, the substances contained in dehydrated sludge do not destroy. Also will be presented modern methods used in the European Union to illustrate how dry sludge can be disposal in agriculture.
more abstractsludge, dry sludge, agricultural, land, fertilizer
Presentation: poster
DownloadRESEARCH ON THE USE OF BACTERIAL BIOPREPARATES IN TOMATO AND PEPPER CROPS IN ROMANIA pag. 63-71
G. TOADER 4,1, Valentina FILIP1, C. CHIURCIU 1, Viorica CHIURCIU 1, Valentina FILIP 1, N. MAIEREAN 1 , P. SEVCIUC 1, P. CHIȚONU 1, Elena-Violeta TOADER5, Floarea BURNICHI 2, E. MIREA 2, Ana-Maria NECHITA3, Nelly FÎNARU3, L. ILIEThe paper has the role to promote certain sustainable production systems, diversified and balanced, in order to prevent pollution of agricultural crops, the environment, the conversion of agri-food waste (whey) into veterinary medical products as well as the implementation of green, non-polluting technologies in the agricultural sector. The purpose of this work is to present and use the newest innovative technologies into the agricultural field and replace the traditional polluting products (chemical fertilizers), so that the farmers can reaches a much greater potential over the recorded productions. The alternative to the chemical fertilizers is fertilizer based on bacterial cultures. In agriculture, the main source of nutrition is the nutrients. These are the basis for the growth and development of cultural plants, and they are indispensable to any form of life. On the other hand, the amount of nutrients at some point in time may decrease or increase depending on certain pedoclimatic factors, soil typology, the ability of plants to return some of the nutrients consumed (by the decomposition of crop residues) and so on. Food safety, a normal objective for any man, farm and enterprise, is aimed to producing sufficient, varied and cheap food, corresponding to the physiological requirements and purchasing power of any person. In the developed countries, this objective has been achieved and often exceeded substantially by promoting intensive systems for both land cultivation, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, as well as modern methods of processing and marketing agricultural products. Mechanization, chemization, animal husbandry technologies, technologies for applying treatments, growing plants and raising more and more productive animals, and modernizing processing and marketing systems have contributed, first and foremost, to improving human living conditions, as much as volume. and diversity of agri-food products, as well as accessible to buyers. In order to protect the environment and the agri-food health and safety of humans and animals, the company Romvac Company S.A has developed a series of innovative technologies with the help of the farmer have obtained certain ecological products for their use in the agro-zoo-veterinary field.
more abstractbiofertilisers, azospirillium lipoferum, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, Rom-Agrobiofertil NP, sustainable agriculture, Romvac Company S.A
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE BEHAVIOR OF SEVERAL FACULTATIVE WHEAT GENOTYPES SOWN IN SPRING pag. 72-79
Diana MUREȘAN1, 2, Adina VARADI1, 2, Ionuţ RACZ1, 2, Rozalia KADAR2, Marcel M. DUDA1Facultative wheat can be sown both autumn and spring and it can easily adapt to climate change because of its intermediate requirements for vernalization. These requirements for vernalization are satisfied in 5 - 30 days to 5 - 10°C, compared to typical winter wheats (witch need low temperatures, 1-3 °C, for approx. 30 - 60 days) or typical spring wheats (witch need a few days of exposure to temperatures of 5 - 20°C). In 2018, for the first time, at ARDS Turda, the researchers started a study on the behavior of several facultative wheat genotypes sown in spring. Using the subdivided plots method, into three replication, there were studied six genotypes of wheat (Taisa, Ciprian and Lennox – facultative wheat; Pădureni, Granny and Triso – spring wheat) in terms of production and quality. The influence of the sowing date (E), the row spacing (D) and the applied fertilizer dose (F) were the main technological elements pursued in this experience. The aim was to establish an optimal sowing date for facultative wheat in spring and to see the difference of yield and grain protein content of facultative wheat in comparison with spring wheat. The interaction E x S has significantly influenced (p > 0.1%) yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and test weight (TW). The grain protein content, the gluten content and Zeleny test (sedimentation index) were significantly influenced by the genotype, row spacing and fertilization. The sowing date had a significantly influence on TW, while the fertilization had no statistical influence on this parameter. Sown in 15 of March, Taisa (the new facultative wheat cultivar created at ARDS Turda) exceeded Pădureni (a typical spring cultivar) with 419 kg/ha, which means an important progress in wheat breeding. The research is on the beginning, but is useful and very important in order to improve the cultivation technology of facultative wheat in Transylvania Plain.
more abstractfacultative wheat, quality, sowing date, spring wheat, yield
Presentation: oral
DownloadAGRICULTURAL SYSTEM OF BRETEA ROMÂNĂ COMMUNE, HUNEDOARA COUNTY pag. 80-85
Petruța Rodica CIOBANU, Florina Nicoleta BOJINESCU, Adalbert OKROS, Casiana MIHUȚWithin this paperwork will be presented the harvested areas, the productions obtained during two years 2016-2017 for the main crop plants (cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fodder plants) in the commune Bretea Română, Hunedoara County as well as fertilizers, amendments and pesticides applied. The economic and social importance of agriculture as the sole source for meeting basic needs of people - food and clothing - and without which there is no talk of social peace and normal economic development, is recognized by all countries of the world. The significant potential of the Romanian agriculture, as well as the increase of prices for agricultural products internationally, could keep the interest of foreign investors in this sector high. This is one of the conclusions of economic analysts with interest in the field of agriculture. They argue that Romania has the highest level of use of unpaid family workers in agriculture in the EU-27. Also, low investment rates have increased the vulnerability of Romanian agriculture to weather conditions and have induced this sector to be highly volatile.The Bretea Română commune is located in the south-central part of Hunedoara County, at a distance of: • 38 km from the municipality of Deva - county residence • 20 km from the municipality of Hunedoara The administrative territory of the Bretea Română commune is 10096 ha (100.96 km²), representing 1.42% of the county's surface.. The relief of the Bretea Română commune is made up of mountainous peaks, hills and the meadow area, located in the immediate vicinity of the Streiului Valley. - The hills on the right side of the Strei - The hills on the left side of Strei The pedographic characteristics of the studied area (Bretea Română commune), reflect the genetic conditions related to the rock, the marne, the altitude, the slope, the exposure of the slopes. Streiului meadow with its alluvial soils is the best agricultural area of the commune. Here the inhabitants of the villages: Poplar, Bretea Streiului, Bretea Română, Rusi, Batalar, cultivate cereals, vegetables, potatoes, technical plants, etc., the crop yields obtained here are larger than in the other areas of the commune
more abstractagricultural systems, soil, Bretea Română, crops, areas
Presentation: poster
DownloadVISION ON AGRICULTURE IN REMETEA MARE COMMUNE, TIMIS COUNTY pag. 86-95
Andreea Giorgiana RĂBONȚU, GeorgianA Adina STOIAN, Adalbert OKROS, Iasmina SAVESCUAgriculture is one of the oldest occupations of mankind, being intrinsically linked to the sedentary life, since the people, from the nomads, became plant cultivators and animal breeders. Currently it is considered that 42% of the world's population deals with agriculture, making it by far the most widespread human occupation. Unfortunately, agricultural products account for only 4.4% of the world's gross product.The purpose of this work is to study agriculture within the communal territory of Remetea Mare, Timis County, with the purpose of obtaining an information fund on the agricultural system practiced, the crops and the productions obtained during the three years of study, the natural environment.The territory of Remetea Mare commune is located in the eastern part of Timişoara Municipality at approx. 17 km from it and has the following neighbors: - north west - Pişchia communal territory - to the east - the communal territory Recaş - to the south - Chevereşu Mare communal territory (Timişului course) - to the southwest - the communal territory of Moşniţa - to the west - the communal territory of Giarmata and Ghiroda The total area of the surveyed territory is 10,124.74 ha. The investigated perimeter is part of the large physical-geographical unit Banato-Crişană. This is one of the three pericarpal units being disposed on the western side of the Western Carpathians and comprises distinct subunits, but closely linked by genesis, evolution and land use: - Banato-Crişene hills - Banato-Crişana Plain The territory of Remetea Mare is part of the group of South-Western hydrographic systems, the Timiş-Bega river basin. The old manure cone of Mureş was fragmented and divided by a series of erosion valleys, torrential elements in the incipient phase today mostly stabilized and corrected. The most important watercourses are the Timiş and Bega rivers. The microclimatic peculiarities of the investigated area are determined by its geographical position, so that it is characterized by a temperate continental climate with shorter and milder winters, being frequently under the influence of cyclones and air masses that cross the Mediterranean and Adriatic. . Its general features are marked by the diversity and irregularity of the atmospheric processes. There are 9 types and 127 subtypes of soil in the investigated perimeter as follows: 1. Aluviosoluri 370.10 ha. 2. Eutricambosoluri: 2406.79 ha. 3. Pruvuvosols: 3089.90 ha. 4. Luvosols: 360.44 ha. 5. Pelosoluri: 1244.89 ha. 6. Vertioluri: 454.27 ha. 7. Gleiosols: 372.83 ha 8. Ponds: 346.42 ha. 9. Erosols: pelices 47.43. The main crops grown in the studied area are: cereals, technical plants, oilseeds, legumes and vegetables.
more abstractRemetea Mare, yields, agriculture, areas, agricultural systems
Presentation: poster
DownloadPOSSIBILITIES OF USING THE UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE REALIZATION OF THE TOPO-CADASTRAL DOCUMENTATION pag. 96-106
Alexandru CASIAN1, Adrian ȘMULEAC1,2, Mihai SIMON1The research presented in this paper took place in Resita City, Caras-Severin County, on an area of approximately 80 hectares for the realization of the graphic updating documentation in the Land Book. To accomplish this, a DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV device was used together with a Leica Viva GS16 GNSS equipment. If initially the drones (UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) were manufactured and used exclusively in the field of defense, their cost amounting to several millions of dollars, today there are many variants on the market, including small and cheap drones, which can be controlled with the smartphone and can be successfully used in photogrammetry. In the last decade, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has become increasingly popular for a wide range of disciplines and scientific applications, given that drones can be technical means for: surveillance of high-speed areas; monitoring of forests and natural phenomena that occur in them; damage assessment after certain natural disasters; observing and alerting the authorities about the victims of unfortunate events; observing and evaluating the growth and harvesting of agricultural products in the field of agriculture; filming and observing certain races and artistic or sporting events, etc. Currently, many photogrammetric mapping methods have used drones to retrieve and record data about objects on earth. This is because the drone use the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for air metering and is more efficient and cheaper compared to the chartering of a plane, it also allows flying over difficult areas and significantly reduces the execution time of the work. From a technical and technological point of view, in the cadastral domain, in the last decades, there has been a remarkable progress. From theodolite, used to measure horizontal and vertical angular directions, to the total station, at present, the ground surface can be "scanned" and measured with non-pilot aircraft, commonly referred to as drones. The use of UAV in geospatial science is currently in high demand due to its relatively easy operation and relatively affordable cost compared to satellite systems, especially high resolution images. One of the benefits of using drones is to take aerial photos that are then processed for mapping so that they can be used to support spatial data acquisition.
more abstractUAV, GNSS, Photogrammetry, Land Book, Caras-Severin County
Presentation: poster
DownloadUSE OF MODERN TOPOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES TO CREATE A BICYCLE TRACK pag. 107-113
Georgiana BOȘNEAG1, Adrian ȘMULEAC1The cadastre has meant over time the human activity of inventorying the land resources, for the establishment of taxes. In the contemporary era, the cadastre has expanded its scope so that it represents the technical, economic and legal evidence of all goods. Topography is a branch of terrestrial measurement science. It deals with the measurement of land surfaces, cadastral units, the study of the measurement methods as well as the analysis of the instrument and the equipment required to carry out activities. The values measured in the topography are of the type of horizontal nails and the vertical angles formed by the sides of two alignments obtained between neighboring points and the distances between points, that is to say the sides of the nails. In the process of establishing the position of the topographic points, it starts from the measured values of points belonging to the geodetic networks. The total station also called the smart station is an optical instrument used in topographic measurements.They represent a new generation of devices that include cutting-edge achievements of fine mechanics, electronics and optics. The present work was performed on Cetatii Street in the city of Caransebes, Caras Severin county. The street was measured in order to create a track for cyclists. In order to take measurements, we needed to ensure the execution documents, checking the special conditions, training the personnel in executing the works and equipping them with tools and devices necessary to perform the work. The documents required for carrying out the drawing procedure are: the execution project, the drawing plan, the specifications.For the measurement of the street the total station was used, which has its own memory center and an external memory, as well as a series of calculation programs specific to the topo-geodesic measurements.The measured data and calculations are measured and then transferred to the memory of the computer, where by means of processing programs the graphic components are determined, which are drawn in the automated system with plots attached to the computer.After performing the measurements obtained from the field it was started to download the total station and to process the data on the computer. The AutoCAD program was used to process the obtained data. AutoCad is a program that is used in designing two-dimensional (2D) and less three-dimensional (3D) construction plans developed by the American company Autodesk. The first version called MicroCad appeared in 1982, reaching the version of AutoCAD 2014. AutoCad is the most widespread computer-aided design and graphics environment, successfully used in fields such as architecture, geography, medicine, astronomy, etc.
more abstractROMPOS, RTK, GNSS, LAND BOOK, LEICA, GPS, DWG, DXF, GSM.
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE CONVERSION OF TOPOGRAPHIC DATA IN GIS FORMAT pag. 114-119
Florina MANCIU1, D. BEUTURA2 , O TIMBOTA ¹, R. BERTICI1, M.V. HERBEI1Due to the fact that spatial data is stored in different formats, and in order to be able to work with them many times, we have to convert them from one format to another. This paper presents the transformation of dwg files into ESRI shapefile format. Any DWG file can be considered as a database of 2D or 3D drawings designed in the CAD work environment, such as AutoCAD. These types of programs contain vector images and metadata that describe the content existing within the file. DXF files are ACII versions of DWG files. ESRI shapefile extension is a spatial data structure, based on the generation of each spatial theme in a single vector format, be it point, line or polygon format. These data are easy to manage from the point of view of adding / deleting and formatting the supported columns. Using annotation is an option in ArcGIS software in order to store text to place on the maps. In other order, the annotation can be used in order to describe a particular feature or to add some other information to the GIS map. With the annotation, the text string with the position and the display properties are record together and can be editable individually. Annotations that are feature-linked are associated with a specific features in another feature class in the geodatabase. If it is checked, when it is creating the output annotation feature class, it will be automatically generated a relationship class. This particularly relationship class it define the relationship that exist between the annotation and the features and it enables to define and customize this relationship but it won’t establish the connections and the links between features and annotation. By definitions of GIS and CAD, it can be said that a GIS software can be related to digital maps and a CAD software can be related to objects. In other words we can say that to represent a line (e.g. :road, rivers) a GIS software must be used but to design a bridge a CAD software must be used. The most important differences between a GIS and a CAD software are: a GIS software necessarily requires a spatial reference and a CAD can dispense with it; in a GIS software the scale can be change very simple, in a CAD software to change the scale can be problematic; GIS data’s are stored in multiple files (shp, prj, dbf), while a CAD data can be stored in a single file; GIS applications are using a common terminology (e.g. a layer is the same in any GIS software (QGIS, ArcGIS, Envi), but in CAD some terms may conflict. In a GIS, analaysis predominates, a CAD places greater emphasis on detail and precision (e.g. the design of town elements); any GIS software is very efficient in order to managing databases but it is not a strenght of a CAD.
more abstractGeographical Information System - GIS, DWG, Shapefile, Conversion
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DownloadTHE USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGY IN HIDROGRAPHIC MANAGEMENT pag. 120-126
Florina MANCIU1, O TIMBOTA ¹, V. BELIN¹, R. BERTICI1, M.V. HERBEI1The work represents the delimitation of a river basin from the NE side of Timis county using GIS tehnology. GIS (Geographic Information System) is a system that allows the collection, storage, management, analysis and processing of spatially distributed data through a computerized process, having it’s roots in the science of geography. A GIS has the ability to store data that has a geographic reference and can store topographic details of the terrain and their attributes. Before taking the necessary steps for the hydrographic analaysis, the DEM model was corrected, by filling in some existing gaps in the model, gaps that represent certain errors that appeared in the model creation. The hydrographic analaysis of the area was done using ArcGIS software. ArcGIS Desktop let you analayze data and generate geographic knowledge, to examine relationships, to test predictions and ultimately to make better decisions. ArcGIS Desktop includes ArcGIS Pro, ArcCatalog and ArcMap. In this work paper we used ArcMap. ArcMap is the main component of ESRI’s ArcGIS suite of geospatial processing programs an dis used primarly to view, edit, create and analyze geospatial data. ArMap allows the user to explore data within a data set, symbolize features accordingly and create maps. This is done through two distinct sections of the program, the table of contents and the data frame. It presents graphical information that indicates the spatial distribution of the studied elements as well as infromation in database form to store the attributes associated with these elements. By using Esri solutions we have estabilshed the direction of the water flow in the area. We have also identified areas where the wave can accumulate using the „flow accumulation” command. Data is the mos important but also the mos expensive component of geographical information systems. The geographic data and the associated table data can come from the internal sources of an organization or can be obtained from specialized distributors.
more abstractHidrography, GIS, Models
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DownloadINFLUENCE OF AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA EXTRACT ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS AND ZEA MAYS pag. 127-135
KLAUDIA KINCEL, ȘTEF RAMONA, CARABET ALINCommon ragweed is a species with a negative impact on: agriculture, biodiversity and human health. This plant produces a large amount of strong allergen pollen, producing allergic rhinitis and severe asthma, affecting more than 20% of the population of infested areas. In recent years, Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Romania shows the trend of invasion of agricultural crops, where it can cause high damages by decreasing the quantity and quality of yield and harvesting efficiency. Ambrosia artemisiifolia threatens the biodiversity of ecosystems by releasing into the environment some compounds of the allelopathic nature, thus eliminating other species. The research carried out by Beres revealed that this species contains phenolic and terpene compounds. The allelopathic influences of A. artemisiifolia were tested in soybean, rice and maize bioassays. The purpose of this study was to highlight the allelophatic effect of the species Ambrosia artemisiifolia on crop plants (maize) and on spontaneous plants (redroot pigweed). Research was conducted under laboratory conditions. The experience included 3 variants in 3 replicates, both for maize and for redroot pigweed. 25 g of material mixed with 800 ml of distilled water was used to prepare the extracts, they were placed on the magnetic stirrer for six hours, after which filtration was carried out. The maize and redroot pigweed seeds were placed on a filter paper in a Petri dish (10 seeds / Petri dish). The extracts used in the study differed by the three concentrations: 30%; 60% and 90%. The maize seeds were treated with 6 ml of the respective extract, 12 ml for redroot pigweed seeds. It was observed that maize seeds showed germination rates ranging from 90% to 100%. The extracts from the leaves of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the concentration of 60% and 90% reduced germination of maize seeds by 10% compared to the control. The corn root length was between 2.39 cm - 5.06 cm. The height of the maize plants, at 7 days after treatment, presented values of 1.17-3.30 cm. The studies carried out showed that the variants treated with leaf extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia 30% determined the stimulation of the root length and the "height of the plant" character. The extracts of the leaves of the common ragweed have caused very significant decrease of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds germination (2.22% - 80%).
more abstractAmbrosia artemisiifolia, Amaranthus retroflexus, extract, concentration, allelopathic
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DownloadCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO SATELLITE SYSTEMS IN SERVICES FOR AGRICULTURE. CASE STUDY: THE USAMVBT TEACHING AND EXPERIMENTAL RESORT pag. 136-145
A.M. Stăncescu1*, F. Sala1Monitoring crops using satellite imagery has been proven to be particularly useful in agriculture, especially in precision agriculture, crop management and agricultural production. The present study performed a comparative analysis of two satellite systems: Landsat 8 OLI (produced by the United States of America through NASA) and the Sentinel 2 MSI Constellation (produced by the European Space Agency under the European Union supervision) in the context of normalized differential indices of vegetation, soil adjusted vegetation index and differential moisture index. In order to carry out the study, satellite images were acquired from 5 different periods - January 2018 to November 2018 - from the USGS website. The 2 mentioned satellite systems offer to the general public medium resolution satellite images: 30 m for Landsat and 10 m in three visible bands and one near-infrared band, respectively 20 m in red edge band and shortwave infrared bands for Sentinel 2 MSI. Based on spectral information from the satellite images provided by the two satellite systems, 4 normalized vegetation indices were calculated: NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDBR (Normalized Burn Ratio), NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index), and SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index). Based on these indices, a characterization of an agricultural area within the USAMVBT Teaching and Experimental Resort was achieved, and it created a general analysis model to characterize the vegetation land cover. In this study the analysis was focused on one agricultural crop, the analysis of different vegetation stages and crop dynamics as well. For the accuracy assessment, the data obtained was correlated with information obtained from the land, referring to the agricultural crops that occupied the studied land. Different study models that describe the dynamics crop vegetation cover are helpful in the estimation of the biomass production and determining the optimal harvesting time corelated with the purpose of the crops.
more abstractagriculture, NDBR, NDVI, NDMI, SAVI, satellite imagery, Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel 2 MSI
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE IMPACT OF ANTHROPIC ACTIVITIES ON BEGA RIVER pag. 146-157
ŞMULEAC Laura1, TOTH Andrei1, ŞMULEAC Adrian1, PAŞCALĂU RaulWater is one of the indispensable elements of life, ensuring the living conditions of people, plants and animals at the same time, intervening in the most varied production activities, either as a source of dynamics, raw materials, working gear or transport environment, etc. Water pollution modifies the physico-chemical and biological conditions of an aquatic ecosystem, a phenomenon that can occur naturally or as a result of human activity. A particular feature of water from the rivers is the self-purification capacity. In this paper attention is paid to flowing waters (rivers), namely, to Bega river. A current issue that attracts the attention of specialists in the field is linked to water pollution caused by agricultural or industrial activities. The present paper presents the quality of the Bega River, namely on the section next to the locality SânmihaiulRomân. Sampling was made 3 times a year, respectively, in January, June and September, in 3 consecutive years, namely, year 2016, year 2017 and year 2018. The analyses were carried out by the Quality Laboratory of the Banat Water Administration and the results obtained were interpreted and compared with the physico-chemical quality standards of the Order 161,from 2006, published in the Official Gazette of Romania which allows water to be framed in a quality class from I to IV. The water samples were taken in January, June, and September for the years 2016, 2017 respectively 2018. The main quality analyzed indicators in the study are: Total chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, barrier, selenium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, total nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates As a result of the analyses it has been noticed that higher overdoses were recorded in nitrites which framed water in IIIrd class quality and cadmium only at the level of 2016. The rest of the indicators are in category I and second, still highlighting the impact of human activity on the quality of the Bega River. Measures should be taken to limit the excess use of fertilizers on farmland, with a view to reducing the amount of nitrites in the water.
more abstractwater quality, nitrogen regime, heavy metals, human impact
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DownloadSTUDY ON THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN MARU COMMUNE, CARAŞ SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 158-163
Nicoleta MĂLĂESCU, Laura ȘMULEAC, Alina LAȚO, Raul PAȘCALĂU, Ovidiu ȚIMBOTAGroundwater is the largest freshwater reservoir in the world, accounting for more than 97% of all freshwater reserves available worldwide (excluding glaciers and glaciers). The remaining 3% consists mainly of surface waters (lakes, rivers, marshes) and soil moisture. Until recently, the focus on groundwater has mainly referred to its use as drinking water (for example, about 75% of European Union citizens depend on groundwater for water supply), but it has also been recognized as an important resource for industry and agriculture (irrigation). Underground waters are regarded as future water reserves and their use and introduction into the water circuit in nature must be done with great care and caution. In relation to surface water, groundwater has many advantages: it has a much larger surface area than rivers, meaning a much better graphics; being protected from pollution by covering layers, groundwater present a better quality, its physico-chemical properties are sensitively constant, hence the significant savings in the cost of water treatment; the aquifer is a true natural reservoir, just a surface dam, but this time it's covered. However, it has become increasingly obvious that groundwater should be viewed not only as a water tank, but must be protected for their environmental value. Under these circumstances, the knowledge of its quality becomes more and more necessary. Samples were taken from two springs,in October 2018, March 2019 and October 2019 one upstream Maru commune, another downstream and one fountain in the middle of the village. The analyzes were made in the Hydrology and Hydrogeology Laboratory of USAMVBT. Nitrates, nitrites, phosphorus, ph and water hardness were analyzed. As a result of the researches carried out, it was observed that the water quality is good, with small overruns at some parameters. The research carried out has a particular importance, given that a large percentage of the population uses this groundwater as drinking water.
more abstractgroundwater, quality, nitrates, nitrites, phosphorus, pH, water hardness
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DownloadTHE MAIN TYPES AND SUB-TYPES OF SOIL FROM THE FOREST ZONE OF THE PLAINS OF BANAT (TIMIȘOARA AND LUNCA TIMIȘULUI FOREST DISTRICTS) CORRELATED WITH THE STUDY OF THE FOREST SITES AND VEGETATION pag. 164-173
I. CHISĂLIȚĂ1, T.G. ZAMORA2, S.I. DEIAC2, A. CAZAN 2, C.I. IOSIVONI 2, M. MOISE 2, O.L GRIGORESCU2, C.I. CRINU2In the present paper, an analisys is made on the main soils found in the forest area of the plains of the Banat region, respectively within the range of Timișoara and Lunca Timișului forest districts. Onwards, some correlations were made between the soils and the forest sites, the natural fundamental forest types and finally the optimal forest compositions (aim compositions) from the forestry point of view. Geomorphology, geological conditions, soil and climate, generally determined by the geographical and altitudinal location of the study district, favored the development of a varied and valuable forest vegetation, corresponding to the existing vegetation floors. The lithological substrates have led to the formation, in the vast majority of the surface, of luvisols. The soils determined the existence of resorts of superior and medium quality. In some situations, as productivity limiting factors appear: the deficiency in useful mineral substances, the active acidity of the soil, the shortage of accessible water, the low temperatures in and around the soil, etc. Particularly important are the destabilizing factors that affect the trees as well as the limiting ones. In the vast majority of the territorial area under study, the natural regeneration of the main forest species in the area is done well and very well. In the studied territory are the forest species characteristic of the phytoclimatic floors in which it is located. The predominant oaks are found in the plain and low hills, on soils of the luvisol class, they are better adapted to these heavier seasonal conditions determined by the presence of relatively compact (high clay content) soils and poor rainfall regime. In the higher meadow areas the oak, ash and lime tree vegetate. First, some data was presented regarding the location of the territory, the study of the forest site, the methods of work. All these used as base the data from the forest management plans of the two forest districts.
more abstractforest soils, forest sites, fundamental forest types, forest site mapping, forest management plan.
Presentation: oral
DownloadEXAMINATION OF YIELD, LEAF AREA AND RELATIVE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT, IN MONOCULTURE LONG-TERM EXPERIMENT OF MAIZE IN 2016-2018 pag. 174-181
G. BENCZEThe development of the technology of maize production in Hungary depends largely on the genetic basis and the applied agrotechnology. Among the agrotechnical factors, the most powerful effect is provided by nutrient supply, modern and hybrid-specific plant nutrition. The experiment was carried out for three years in a small parcel set with three repetitions of double split parcels in Szarvas, at the Galambosi experimental site of the Faculty of Agricultural and Economic Sciences of Szent István University. In the experiment we examined the effect of three nutrients N, P and K, where the nutrients were released in three ascending stages. Nutrients, however, were not only tested on their own but in as many combinations as possible, so we can track the effect of each nutrient on each other. We measured the nutrients on a next levels, 4 nitrogens level (0 t/ha, 0,07 t/ha, 0,014 t/ha and 0,021 t/ha), 4 phosphoruses level (0 t/ha, 0,04 t/ha, 0,08 t/ha and 0,012 t/ha) and 4 potassiums level (0 t/ha, 0,06 t/ha, 0,012 t/ha and 0,018 t/ha). The gross, photosynthetically active size of the leaf area has a decisive influence on the size of the resulting crop, therefore, in our experiments, the leaf samples collected from the field experiments are sampled by our Eijkelkamp leaf area measuring device in the lab, and the quantified data are analyzed from several aspects. Samples are taken up to 50% of the leaf drying, so that we can track the rate and dynamics of leaf loss (drying) in stress. To measure the chlorophyll content of corn leaves, we use a portable Minolta SPAD photosynthetic pigment content meter. Using infrared light through the leaves, we can get quantifiable information (SPAD value). SPAD is a dimensionless number that can provide clear data for chlorophyll content in a letter. The result of the study is that there is a moderate positive correlation between the average yield , the relative chlorophyll content,and the leaf area, and the relationship being significant.
more abstractrelative chlorophyll content, yield, leaf area, maize, long-term experiment
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DownloadEXAMINATION OF RELATIVE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND YIELD IN SMALL-PLOT EXPERIMENT OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) IN 2019 pag. 182-188
G. BENCZE, Z. FUTÓSorghum is the fifth most popular grain in the world, with over 40 million hectares, according to 2017 FAO data. The amount of sorghum sown area in Hungary has been extremely fluctuating in the last decades. In 2018, this figure was close to 26,000 hectares. More than half of the sorghum crop in the world is present in the human diet, and therefore their importance is far from negligible. Sorghum is considered to be a drought-tolerant fodder plant and is therefore well suited for use in dry or seasonally drought-prone areas and in areas with poorer characteristics, even as an alternative to maize. In our research, we investigated the nutrient response of white grain sorghum at four nutrient supply levels in a small-plot randomized experiment in Szarvas, Hungary, at the Galambos experimental area of the Szent István University, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics. In our research, we explore the plant physiological, plant physiological and technological relationships that can serve as the basis for modern nutrient management and provide the scientific basis for the efficient development of sorghum production. The soil of the experiment is deep carbonated Chernozem meadow soil, its physical nature: clayey loam, with acidic and slightly acidic pH, its water management is characterized by poor conductivity and high water retention. The experiment investigates the effects of the 4 nutrient combinations. There were four nutrient treatments, four nitrogen levels (0 t/ha, 0,080 t/ha, 0,0120 t/ha, 0,0160 t/ha), four phosphorus (0 t/ha, 0,060 t/ha, 0,090 t/ha, 0,0120 t/ha) and four potassium levels (0 t/ha, 0,060 t/ha, 0,0120 t/ha, 0,0180 t/ha) was set. In addition to the yield results, we also measured the relative chlorophyll content several times during the growing season. For this purpose, a portable Minolta SPAD chlorophyll content meter was used to measure the chlorophyll content of the leaf, and the results were expressed as SPAD, a dimensionless number that can provide unambiguous data on the chlorophyll content of the leaf. In our experiment we investigated the nutrient response of sorghum in terms of changes in chlorophyll content and yield average. Among the nutrient combinations, the most significant positive effect was measured in the case of the 3rd treatment, while the effects of the highest nutrient levels were smaller. In the experiment yields varied between 4.9 t ha-1 and 7.11 t ha-1.
more abstractsorghum, nutrient supply relative chlorophyll content, yields
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