Vol 41, No 1 (2009)
QUICK WHEAT CONDITIONING pag. 3-7
Gabriel Bujancă, Paul Pîrşan, Florin Imbrea, Lucian BotoşThe research showed that by quick conditioning, the external layers of the grain get better moisture than the internal ones and this type of proportion is being kept in a certain amount until the end of the grinding. The maximum heating of the wheat is determined by the temperature action upon the protean complex. For the wheat with a poor amount of gluten a more powerful heating must be used and for the wheat with normal amount of gluten and mostly for the one with a rich amount the heating must be more reduced. The heating temperature must be established according to the wheat quality and the degree of improvement of the baking features followed by the action of heat when applying the quick conditioningmethod. Steam treatment of the wheat grains is the main composing element of the quick conditioning process that exerts the most intense act on the milling proprieties and wheat baking.
more abstractwheat; conditioning; schrot
Presentation: oral
DownloadHYGROSCOPIC PROPRIETIES OF OLEAGINOUS CATTLE CAKES pag. 8-11
Gabriel Bujancă, Paul Pîrşan, Gheorghe David, Florin Imbrea, Lucian BotoşFrom the research made on the hygroscopic proprieties of cattle cakes we can say that these absorb vapors from the surrounding atmosphere and the quantity of absorbed vapors is bigger if the relative air humidity is bigger.The oleaginous cattle cakes not only have the ability to absorb water but they can also give it away when surrounding atmosphere humidity goes down. It was shown that at the hydrating and dehydrating process of the cattle cakes in an environment with different relative humidity the balance values of the water content do not coincide - the hysteresis phenomenon. It was shown that cattle cakes with the water content above 11 – 13% kept a longer period of time at relative air humidity above 71% had fungus growth.
more abstracthumidity; cattle cakes
Presentation: oral
DownloadPLANT POULATION EFFECTS ON FEW YIELD PARAMETERS IN SOME "TURDA" MAIZE HYBRIDS pag. 12-15
Sorin Vasile Câmpean, Voichiţa Haş, Ioan HaşGenerally the maize yield per unit area responds to density changes. Optimum plant density for maximum grain yield per unit area may differ from hybrid to hybrid. Objective of the study was: to estimate the optimum density for maximum grain yield per unit area to seven hybrids, the density impact on stand uniformity, to evaluate how some hybrids, important yield parameters (yield per plant, ear length and kernel row number) respond to density changes. Experimentation was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Turda, Romania, during the 2006 and 2007 seasons under natural conditions, without irrigation. Seven single-cross hybrids (FAO 320 - 450) were grown at three densities (2.5, 4.2, 8.4 pl/m 2 ).Comparison of means was conducted by least significance difference (LSD) after analysis of variance for a two-factor split-plot design. In maize culture should take the necessary measures to achieve the optimum density for the chosen hybrids and the most uniform stand possible.
more abstractyield per plant, ear length; kernel row number; plant population
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING BARLEY AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION DURING GROWING PERIOD pag. 16-21
Eva Candráková, N. Szombathová, Jozef Smatanapring barley malting varieties (Ebson, Malz, Nitran) and their response to environmental conditions, year and fertilization were investigated in 3-years experiment (2005 – 2007). Treatments of fertilization: 1. control, 2. LAV (ammonium nitrate with limestone) 20 kg ha -1 of net nitrogen, 3 . LAV for grain yield level of 5 t ha -1 applied at the end of shooting, 4. DAM 390 (ammonium nitrate with urea) in rate 20 kg ha -1 of net nutrient N applied at the end of shooting. The highest yields of grain were achieved in 2005 and the lowest in 2007, which demonstrated the statistically significant influence of year. The lowest yield was at control variant – 5.09 t ha -1 . The average yields of grain in 3-years period were: Ebson – 6.82 t ha -1 , Nitran – 5.74 t ha -1 and Malz – 5.46 t ha -1 . Following parameters of grain quality were evaluated: thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernels bulk density and proportion of grain over the sieve 2.5 mm.
more abstractspring barley; varieties; fertilization; yield; quality
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCHES REGARDING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF OAT-LENTIL INTERCROPPING IN THE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE SYSTEM pag. 22-26
Elena Mirela Duşa, Gheorghe Valentin RomanThe paper present a research on the productivity of oat-lentil intercropping, for evaluating his adaptability on natural conditions of South Romania and ecological cultivation. The experiment was carried out in the spring of 2008, in Moara Domneasca Experimental Field, on reddish preluvosoil, in randomized variants, in 4 replications. The seeds used for experiments were ecological. Oat and lentil were sown in alternating rows, in 12.5 cm distance between rows, at a 3-4 cm depth. Oat had a density of 200 seeds/m 2 and lentil of 150 germinable seeds/m 2 . It was determined productivity elements, land equivalent ratio and yields. Average grain yield for oat in monoculture was of 2386.5 kg/ha and in intercropping with lentil was of 1767.5 kg/ha. In monoculture, lentil yield was of 1403.3 kg/ha and in intercropping with oat, it was obtained 780.4 kg/ha. The value of the land equivalent ratio (LER) in the oat-lentil intercropping was 1.29, which means that it is a real advantage of this type of crop system comparatively with oat and lentil raised in monoculture.
more abstractintercropping; organic agriculture; oat; pea
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INLUENCE OF THE FERTILIZATION UPON THE OIL CONTENT AND PRODUCTION ON ONE ASSORTMENT OF THE RAPE VARIETIES pag. 27-30
Daniel GroszThe research was made with the purpose of establishing the varieties on which, in the favorable pedoclimatic conditions for rape from the Vest Plain in our country, can be obtained the highest oil productions. In this way, was studied to the influence of the fertilization upon the oil content, at an assortment of seven rape varieties. The researched biological material was formed of seven rape varieties new for the reference area, as follows: Valesca, Orkane, Ader, Potomac, LG, Belini, Milena. To point the negative effect of the nitrogen fertilization, to optimize the doses upon the oil content, was accounted the agrofond dose, in domain N0-N150. The research was made on a fund of P80 K80, so that varieties can expose their productive potential and the specific oil content. The results obtained accentuated the fact that the seven rape varieties studied, in the fertilization domain N0-N150, the oil content varied between 43,1% and 47,7%. The highest oil content was registered on Milena variety. The oil production was calculated on the base of the determined oil content and the seeds production. Fertilizers with nitrogen, negatively influenced the oil content, at all the studied varieties, the oil content being inferior on the agrofond fertilized with nitrogen, towards the agrofond that wasn’t fertilized with nitrogen. The researches results are important for the growers, because they increase the possibility to obtain oil productions higher than 1t/ha.
more abstractbehaviour; varieties; fertilization; rape autumn
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDY UPON THE MAIN MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERS ON SEVEN RAPE VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION CONDITIONS pag. 31-34
Daniel GroszThe researches were made in Banat’s Plain, on a chernozem soil type gleic. The purpose of these researches is to bring a contribution to the improvement of the rape varieties structure, with high production potential and high oil content. There were researched seven rape varieties, cultivated on four nitrogen fertilization levels, on a constant fund of P80 K80. The varieties studied were: Valesca, Orkane, Ader, Potomac, LG, Belini, Milena. The nitrogen fertilization levels that were between N0-N75-N150-N225, aimed the doses optimization under the productive and economic aspect. The studied characters were: the variation of the plants height, the variation of the ramification degree, the variation of the siliqua number/plant, the variation of the seeds number/siliqua. The results had accentuated the possibility of obtaining crops of over 3000kg/ha, in the condition on which the medium production in the west part of Romania oscillates between 1200-1600kg/ha. From the varieties were remarked Valesca, Milena, and Potomac, that can be recommended to be cultivated in the reference area. The nitrogen fertilizers had favorable influenced in the researched domain, the plants height, the ramification degree, the siliqua number per plant and the seeds number per siliqua, the maximum values being registered in domain N150-N225.
more abstractcharacters; varieties; fertilization; rape autumn
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDIES ON MULTIPLICATION OF POTATO PLANTING MATERIAL FROM SUPERIOR CATEGORIES UNDER FREE CONDITIONS OF VIROSES pag. 35-38
Pompilica Iagăru, Gligor Ciortea, Romulus IagăruBecause the production of potato planting material can not practically ensure the entire material required for seed of an area or a country from economic considerations – a very large volume of specific works influence the cost of production of seed tubers up to unprofitable values - the only acceptable way of an economic perspective for high maintaining of production potential and phyto-sanitary standard is the re-propagation of planting material in a number of years with respect to specific technical and organizational measures to prevent the virus infections.
more abstractpotato; seed; potentially productive; standard; phyto-sanitary; re-propagation
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH REGARDING BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L. SPECIES UNDER THE CENTRAL PART OF ROUMANIAN PLAIN CONDITIONS pag. 39-43
Alina Maria Ionescu, Gheorghe Valentin RomanThe main objective of the research was to study the biology, ecology and productivity of a less common species of agricultural crops – safflower (Carhtamus tinctorius L.), with the aim to evaluate the adaptability of the species on natural conditions of the Southern part of Romania and to the organic agriculture conditions. The experiment was organized in the Moara Domneasca Experimental Field, situated in reddish preluvosoil area from central part of Romanian Plain; it was organized based on the multi-stage block method with randomized variants in 4 replications. Sowing took place on 10 th of April 2008 and the sowing parameters were: 50 cm spacing between rows, with a density of 22 plants/m²; the sowing depth was of 3-4 cm. Carthamus tinctorius plants emerged 7 days after sowing, the beginning of inflorescences apparition was at 11 th of June, 56 days after emergence, the first seeds formed 77 days after emergence, and full maturity was attainig at 112 days after emergence. Upon harvest, the plants had a height of 75.8 cm and a number of 18 capitulum per plants, that contained around 293.17 seeds, which means an average of 15.43 seeds/capitula. The average value of the 1000‑seed weight was of 32.71 gand the yield was of 1917.91 kg/ha.
more abstractCarthamus tinctorius; morphology; biology
Presentation: oral
DownloadCLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCES ON MAIZE YIELDS IN SERBIA AND CROATIA pag. 44-48
Miodrag Jelić, Vlado Kovačević, Ivica Djalović, Milan BiberdžićMaize is the first-ranged field crop in Serbia and Croatia (harvested area status in the 1996-2007 decade period: 1264000 ha and 296000 ha, for Serbia and Croatia, respectively). Aim of this study was testing maize yield variations over the years in Serbia (Kragujevac and Zajecar regions = KGr and ZJr) and Croatia (Osijek–Barannya and Zagreb Counties = OBc and ZGc) with emphasis on precipitation and temperature regime impacts. Weather characteristics of two growing seasons (2000 as less favourable year or LFY and 2005 and more favourable year or MFY: comparison data of Kragujevac = KG and Osijek = OS Weather Bureaus) could be used as a typical examples of precipitation and temperature regime influences on maize yields under middle and eastern European environmental conditions. Precipitation for three months (June–August) period of LFY 2000 was in KG 71 mm or only 35% of long-term mean (LTM) and in OS 78 mm or 37% of LTM. At the same time, air–temperatures were 22.9 0 C (KG) and 22.6 0 C (OS) or 2.5 0 C (KG) and 2.3 0 C (OS) higher in comparison with LTM. As result of water shortage and high temperatures stresses, maize yields in tested areas were only 1.78 t/ha (KGr) and 3.96 t/ha (OBc). However, under MFY 2005 conditions, precipitation in three summer months in KG were 255 mm (or 25% higher than LTM) and in OS even 521 mm (or 1.5 times more than LTM), while air–temperatures were in level of LTM. As results of favorable weather conditions were maize yields 4.27 t/ha (KGr) and 6.98 t/ha (OBc) or 140% higher (KGr) and 76% higher (OBc) compared to yields in these areas under LFY conditions.
more abstractprecipitation; air-temperature; yield; maize; Serbia; Croatia
Presentation: oral
DownloadPRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE REGIME IMPACTS ON MAIZE YIELDS IN EASTERN CROATIA pag. 49-53
Vlado Kovačević, Jasna Sostaric, Marko Josipovic, Dario Iljkic, Monika MarkovicIn the decade period 1998-2007 maize harvested area in Croatia was, depending on year, from 288380 ha to 407272 ha while annual yield variation was in range from 3.93 t/ha to 6.92 t/ha. The region eastern Croatia represents 22 % of the state territory, it participating in maize harvested area near to 50 % and maize yield in this region is near to 20% higher compared to the state level. Mean air-temperature in Osijek for May-August period (the decade 1998-2007) was 20.7 o C or for 1.5 o C higher compared to 30-year (1961-1990) mean. At the same time, precipitation was for 9% higher. Depending on year, precipitation in May-Aug. period were in range from 104 mm to 567 mm and air-temperatures from 19.1 o C to 22.5 o C or from –61% to +110% (precipitation) and from -2 % to +17% (air-temperature) deviation from 30-year means. The growing seasons 2000, 2003 and 2007 were less favourable for maize because of drought and the higher air-temperatures. For example, in the period May-August precipitation in Osijek were for 61 % (2000), 39 % (2003) and 40 % (2007) lower (2003) in comparison with 30-year mean. At the same time, air-temperatures were for 2.3 o C, (2000 and 2007) and for 3.2 o C (2003) higher. Under these conditions, maize yields in the region were lower for 28% (2000), 25% (2003) and 18% (2007) compared to the decade mean (6.01 t/ha).
more abstractprecipitation; air-temperature; yield; maize; Croatia
Presentation: oral
DownloadEXPERIMENTAL RESULTS REGARDING MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AN YIELD QUALITY OF AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS L. SPECIES UNDER THE CENTRAL PART OF ROMANIAN PLAIN CONDITIONS pag. 54-57
Maria Toader, Gheorghe Valentin RomanThe paper presents the results of research made in 2007 year at the Biobasis within USAMV-Bucharest Campus regarding morphological and biological characteristics, chemical composition and yield quality of Amaranthus hypochodriacus species. It worked with 5 different cultivars, coming from the world collection: Manna de Montana, Rio san Lorentzo, Nepal, Guarijio and New-Mexico. The duration of the vegetation period was of 130-147 days, the late cultivar was Manna de Montana, with a vegetation period of 147 days, and most early proved to the Rio San Lorentzo cultivar with 135 days of vegetation. The height of Amaranthus hypochodriacus plants varied between 132.8 cm for New-Mexico cultivar and 75.3 cm for Nepal cultivar. The productivity of Amaranthus hypochondriacus cultivars was illustrated by grains yields of 11.1-25.3 q/ha, data which mirror an important adjustment capacity to the cropping condition in the area and resistance to drought and high temperatures. The chemical composition of grains was following: 16.95% proteins; 62.02% starch; 5.56% lipids; 4.68% fibres and 3.67% ash.
more abstractAmaranthus hypochondriacus, morphology; biology; cultivars; chemical composition
Presentation: oral
DownloadCLIMATE CHANGE IN THE FUNCTION OF SUGARBEET YIELD pag. 58-63
Branko Marinković, Jovan Crnobarac, Goran Jaćimović, Dragana Latković, Jelena Marinković, Dragoslav Vlad Mircov, Miroslav HabánTwo data sets have been used in this analysis of climatic conditions and their effects on sugarbeet yield. The first is a period from 1963 to 2007; the second is a period 1988 - 2007. Both periods were as analyzed for the same parameters. A comparison of the two data sets indicated that the average temperature for the growing season was increased by 0.4 0 C (2.2%), the precipitation by 13 lm -2 (3.5%), ETR (actual evapotranspiration) by 4 lm -2 (1%), and the precipitation deficit by 10 lm -2 (5.6%). However, the overall picture changed when the climatic data were partitioned into three sub-periods, the dry sub-period (25% of the analyzed years), the average sub-period (50% of the years) and the humid sub-period (25% of the years). When the data were analyzed in that fashion, the drought became pronounced in the dry years, slightly increased in the average years and practically insignificant in the humid years. Unfortunately, yield performance did not follow this trend in climatic conditions, particularly not in the humid years.
more abstractsugarbeet; yield; climatic conditions
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE STRONG WINDS - CLIMATIC HAZARDS TO THE AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN DOBRUDJA pag. 64-67
Marius Lungu, Liliana Panaitescu, Anca Nicoleta Albu, Simona NiţăThe knowledge of strong wind climatology is important for the precise forecast of their occurrence and also for the elaboration of efficient protection methods against their harmful effects. In meteorology, strong winds are defined as atmospheric phenomena characterized by air currents with a speed of ≥ 15m/s (calculated for a time period of 2'). In the synoptic activity, the average wind speed of ≥ 10m/s (calculated for a time period of 10') is included in the category of “warning messages”, characteristic to the dangerous meteorological phenomena. The strong winds represent one of the risk hydrometeors with particular impact on the agricultural activities (especially on the tree and vine culture). The well-known marine breezes are formed close to the sea (up to 15-20 km inside the province) and they influence positively the relative air humidity but also contribute to a decrease in the rain regime. Thus, Dobroudja has been known as the land of winds since Antiquity. The wind speed is between 18-90 km/h, while the frequency is up to 85%, the dominant directions being north, north-west and north-east (43.8%), then south and south-east (30.4%).
more abstractstrong wind; distribution; climatic risk; agricultural crops
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF ROTATION AND FERTILIZATION TO THE YIELD AND HER QUALITY ON MAIZE CULTIVATED ON IRRIGATED SANDY SOIL FROM SOUTH-WEST OF OLTENIA pag. 68-73
Gheorghe Matei, D. Gheorghe, Elena Roşculete, F. Imbrea, Ileana CojocaruIn our country, the problem of the structure crops has an important place, since the proportion of large grains which required by the national economy and the decreased number of agricultural species grown since 1990 at the country level. This requires systemic thinking and a complex view from the experts and practitioners, as regards the rational crop rotation respecting the principles of modern and efficient agriculture. Regarding maize, the data obtained in 9 years of testing shows that have a better behavior in monoculture than wheat. Borcean I., (1992) show that in the extended monoculture of corn reduces humus content, the structure degrades, a progressive acidification of the soil, the soil is exhausted in the macro and micro elements recommending the use of rotation for 4-6 years. Results from the world shows that fertilization contributes 30-50% to increase yields per unit area, the most cultivated plants and products from various countries of the world are closely correlated with the types and doses of fertilizers used.
more abstractmaize; fertilization; yields
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCHES REGARDING THE REINSERTION OF COTTON CULTURE IN DOBROGEA (GOSSIPIUM HIRSUTUM L.), CONSIDERING THE CLIMATE CHANGES, WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE pag. 74-79
Liliana Panaitescu, Marius Lungu, Simona Niţă, Anca Nicoleta AlbuCotton is a thermophile plant, whose geographical area does not exceed the 45° parallel to the north. However, at this latitude, it does not always mature. The sum of temperature degrees needed by this plant to mature is 3200-2800°C. The minimal temperature for germination is 12°C, while the sunlight duration must be at least 1 500 hours. Even though water consumption is high, cotton can withstand drought (a frequent phenomenon in Dobrogea) better than other plants such as certain cereals, for example. The fertilized cultures can withstand drought better than the unfertilized ones. Cotton vegetates normally at a rain regime of 400-500 mm yearly, if at least 200 mm and at most 300 mm fall between May-August (the rain excess during summer is harmful because the heat and light are reduced during rain, causing thus a delay in ripening and consequently a diminished production). In regards to the soil, cotton needs fertile soil with good drainage that allows air, heat and water to enter the layers explored by the roots. Currently, there are no cotton cultures in Romania, but the Dobrogea plateau offers proper soil and climate conditions in certain regions.
more abstractcotton; marine aquatorium; favorable climate; fertile soils; drought resistance
Presentation: oral
DownloadAMINO ACIDS CONTENT OF ZEA MAYS EVERTA PERLAT 625 IN IRRIGATED AND NOT IRRIGATED SYSTEM pag. 80-83
Olimpia Pandia, Ion SaracinThe importance of capitalization of corn grains Zea Mays Everta Perlat 625 and their commercialization, led to detailed research of the content of amino acids at corn hybrid Perlat 625. Taking into account the genetic dowry of that hybrid, in the two systems irrigated and not irrigated the quantity and quality of amino acids and essential amino acids and their connection in the two systems. As in proteins can be found 23 different amino acids which plays important role in obtaining qualitative production at corn grains, it will be imposed getting more significant results, to improve their quality: protein substances.
more abstractamino acids; hybrid; qualitative production
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF THE NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES ON THE PRODUCTION AND THE QUALITY AT THE ZEA MAYS EVERTA PERLAT 625 pag. 84-89
Olimpia Pandia, Ion SaracinThe use of the popcorn at large scale determined us to study the Zea Mays hybrid Everta Perlat 625. There were administered various nitrogen and phosphorus doses in order to obtain significant results on the quantity and quality of the corn varieties used for popcorn and of course its grains expanding properties. In this paper there will be presented a series of significant results obtained through the use of various nitrogen and phosphorus in two important development stages, in two systems – irrigated and in natural conditions, cultivated on a silt-sandy soil determining as well its cultivation possibilities.
more abstracthybrid; doze de azot si fosfor; parameters; irrigation system; non-irrigated system
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH ON TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL SPECIES IN TERMS OF BANAT PEDOCLIMATICE pag. 90-93
Paul Pîrşan, Marcel M. Duda, Valeriu Tabără, Gheorghe David, Florin Imbrea, Georgeta Pop, Simona Niţă, Ilinca Imbrea, Daniela Mucete, Sorin Bungescu, Lucian Botoş, Adela JurjescuMedicinal and aromatic plants in our country is a great natural wealth and an important factor that can contribute to the restructuring of rural space by creating opportunities for jobs in the new non-farm rural economy and increase competitiveness of the sector. Capitalization as a complement to the natural resources as an added value involves making greater research on the field for each of medicinal and aromatic plants from local flora. The paper presents the results of Calendula sp. and Tagetes sp. During 2006-2008, plants that have been object of study in a research type CEEX.
more abstractcommon marygold; French marigold active principles
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INTERACTION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE PRODUCTION OF THE DROPIA AUTUMN WHEAT CULTIVAR pag. 94-98
Mariana Popovici, Eva BucureanThe study of the interaction of several factors, in the case of wheat yield technology, lead to the elaboration of various and more precise conclusions, than in the case of a single factor experiences. Due to the previously mentioned information, I have analyzed the interaction of the technological factors used in the yield process of the Dropia autumn wheat cultivar seeds, in order to deal with a more precise interpretation of the overall effects of these factors. In order to obtain a bigger and constant production per hectare, efficient under the economical aspect, the appliance of the nitrogen fertilizers must take into account the necessities of the wheat implied for this element and the level of supplies present in the soil. Due to this fact, the appliance of the chemical nitrogen fertilizers becomes necessary and compulsory in order to ensure the continuous nourishment of the plants with this element, essential for their natural evolution. To emphasize the favorable effect of the use of the nitrogen fertilizers, the interaction between the fertilization level with nitrogen and the sowing period, the interaction between the fertilization level and the sowing density were analysed. The interaction between the sowing period and the sowing density was analysed too.
more abstractwheat; fertilization; relative yield; sowing period; sowing density
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF CROP ROTATION OVER THE YIELD AND THE QUALITY OF THE SEEDS FOR THE DROPIA AUTUMN WHEAT CULTIVAR pag. 99-102
Mariana Popovici, Eva BucureanThe crop rotation has slow effects, which show their results in time, influencing the fertility through their structure and the alternant crops, mainly due to the effect of the precursory plant. Its action has a biological nature, which manifests itself in the quantity of the organic remains left in the soil, the root secretions, biological processes of discomposure and synthesis, all finally reflected over the yield. The precursory plants for the autumn wheat must respond to the following requirements: they have to clear the area as soon as possible during the summer, so there is left enough time to prepare the soil in the best conditions and for the realization of the sowing in time; they have to leave the area clear from weeds, with improved physical and chemical characteristics and with a high content of organic matter and nutritive substances. In order to emphasize the importance of crop rotation the quantitative and qualitative production of the Dropia autumn wheat cultivar has been analysed in the conditions of monoculture sowing, wheat – corn rotation and wheat – corn – pea rotation.
more abstractcrop rotation; precursory plants; monoculture; proteins; gluten
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION AND SOIL TILLAGE ON THE DYNAMICS OF AMMONIACAL NITROGEN FROM THE CHERNOZEM CULIVATED WITH WHEAT AT SCDA CARACAL pag. 103-107
Elena Roşculete, Gheorghe Matei, Ana Maria Dodocioiu, Mihail SusinskiThis paper presents the results of researches from SCDA Caracal, regarding the dynamic of ammoniacal nitrogen on chernozem in condition of irrigation function of the method of soil tillage and fertilization. The experiment took place over a period of three years and regarded the following factors: A factor – irrigation, B factor – the method of soil tillage with 3 phases, C factor – nitrogen fertilization on constant fund of phosphorus with 4 phases. The content of ammoniacal nitrogen is presented on the dates it was taken as sample during the vegetation period at 0-20 cm depth. The dates for samples were: November 1, before applying the first dose of nitrogen, December 8, after 30 days from the first dose, April 25 after 30 days from the second dose and July 28 when the plants were mature. The determinations regarding the dynamic of ammoniacal nitrogen in the soil for wheat culture, highlight important aspects, but also the effect of soil tillage, creating new situations nitrogen supply for the plants. The analyses regarding the content of ammoniacal nitrogen were made in the last year of experiments. Analyzing the content of ammoniacal nitrogen function of the soil tillage, we recorded values almost similar at the sample dates after using different machines. There are differences between the normal plough at 18-23 cm (6.23 ppm N-NH 4 + ) and chisel at the same depth (6.94 ppmN-NH 4 + ) or at 8-10 cm depth (6.46 ppm N-NH 4 + ).
more abstractnitrogen doses; wheat culture; fertilization; irrigation; tillage
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON WHEAT YIELDS, CULTIVATED ON A LUVOSOL FROM ORADEA, CONTROLATED POLLUTED WITH OIL pag. 108-117
Nicu Cornel Sabău, Maria Şandor, Cornel Domuţa, Radu Brejea, Cristian DomuţaThe paper presents the results of the researches carried out at the Agricultural Research Station Oradea, between 1996 and 2002, regarding agricultural yield of spring wheat, cultivated on a luvosoil polluted under control with oil brought from the exploitation site at Suplacu de Barcău, Bihor County. The experimental device was made out of micro parcels of 1 m², set up in a randomized manner, in a Latin square, polluted with a concentration of: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 % (0, 3, 9, 15, and 30 l/m²), oil in the ploughed layer, in 4 repetitions. The experience was than cultivated with in the first three years with millet, a plant that is considered to be resistant to pollution, and than until 2002 with spring wheat. The analysis of the yield losses from the parcels polluted with oil in various concentrations, have shown that these decreases in time, becoming insignificant after 7 years in the concentration of 1 %, 8 years in the concentrations of 3 - 5 %, and 9 years for 10 %. This shows the biodegradation of the oil without any sort of agropedomeliorative measures. By analyzing the correlations between the wheat yields in the last 7 years of research and the climate factors (rainfall and air temperature) registered in the vegetation period, very significant square, spatial polynomial correlations were established for each oil concentration. The fact that correlation report decreases from 0.7458, for the parcels unpolluted (0 % oil), to 0,4170 for the parcels polluted 10 % oil points out the influence of the increase of the pollutive agent.
more abstractoil pollution; luvosoil; biodegradation
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENTIATED FERTILISATION IN THE FLOODING VALLEY OF THE MUREŞ RIVER pag. 118-123
Cornel Şorhenţ, Ioan BorceanResearch was carried out in an area that is very favourable to bread-making winter wheat and aimed at improving cultivar structure and fertiliser response with effect on yield and quality features. We set comparative crops with 10 cultivars developed in România, Serbia, and Hungary. The studied cultivars were Alex, Ciprian, Dropia, Flamura 85, Faur, Krystina, Lilijana, Mina, Mv Marsall, and M.V. Palma. Fertilisation levels were N 0 P 80 K 80 , N 80 P 80 K 80 and N 100 P 80 K 80 . Experiments were of the bi-factorial type and organised after the sub-divided plot method with 3 replications. The soil type on which research was carried out was carbonatic, gleyed aluvisoil. Soy was the pre-emergent crop. Upon harvesting, we measured hectolitre volume, protein content, moist gluten content, deformation index, gluten quality index, and fall index. Results contribute to the establishment of a cultivar structure for the mentioned area and of fertilisation improvement with a view to obtain high yields with superior bread-making features.
more abstractwheat; comparative cultivar crops; fertilisation; quality
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF THE NITROGEN FERTILIZING ON THE SPROUTING AND GROWING VIGOU UNIFORMITY IN THE MAIN MAIZE SEEDS HYBRIDS CULTIVATED IN TRANSILVANIA pag. 124-128
Camelia Todoran, G. Morar, Marcel M. Duda, Cristina Maria NeagThe study of the nitrogen fertilizing influence during maize seeding on the sprouting and growing vigor uniformity in the main hybrids cultivated in Transylvania, using different calibers seeds, is presented in this paper. This study was performed starting from the assumption that ammonium nitrate dissolution near maize seeds is an endothermic process and this could influence the germination processes and manifestation of their vigor. Experimental results obtained shows that nitrogen application on the sowing line may have contradictory effects. Nitrogen large seed induced a reduction in the rate of sprout vigor and growth, and seed size smaller growing stimulates growth and vigor of plants.
more abstractmaize; hybrid; calibration and nitrogen fertilizing
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF BIOSTIMULATORS AT SOME FODDER pag. 131-136
Luminiţa Cojocariu, Tiberiu Iancu, Marinel Horablaga, Adrian Cojocariu, Adina HorablagaThe introduction and generalization in production of the latest technologies for fodder cultivation must also rely on the calculation of the economic efficiency. The purpose of these calculations is to give an opportunity to each producer for choosing the optimum technological variants, with great productions on the surface unit, of high quality and low costs. In general, in the classical intensive technologies of fodder cultivation, there isn’t always a direct correlation between the level of the achieved productions and the size of the economical indicators, because the economic efficiency is very much influenced by the value of the expenditures made. In a zootechnical farm the fodder is to be found through the animals and respectively through the products obtained from the animals and subsequently the economical efficiency is not directly related to the profit rate. Moreover some fodder is not bought/ sold. Some fodder is only cultivated in specialized zootechnical farms for feeding herbivores, which daily consume significant quantities of biomass (1UVM- daily consumes 50-60 kg of green mass). We have calculated the economic efficiency of the Alfalfa and English Ryegrass because of the fact that the hay of leguminous plants and gramineae are commercialized on a large scale in the Banat area. The average selling price of Alfalfa hay is 0,078 €/kg, and that of the English Ryegrass is 0.065 €/kg. The application of the bio-stimulators for growth in the case of Alfalfa and English Ryegrass cultivation led to an increase of the hay production per hectare, which also led to an increase of the revenue obtained per surface unit.
more abstractAlfalfa; Lolium perenne; economic efficiency; hay
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF MANGEL-WURZEL -BET UNDER THE CONDITIONS IN TIMISOARA pag. 137-141
Luminiţa Cojocariu, Alexandru Moisuc, Ionel Samfira, Marinel Horablaga, Florina Radu, Cristian Bostan, Marian Florinn order to increase the production of the mangel-wurzel-beet, the improvement of the quality of the crops is expected, which will be achieved using genetic engineering techniques and modern technologies, such as the usage of vegetal bio-stimulators with the purpose of influencing the growth and the development of the plants. Nowadays the bio-stimulators are very often used in biological agriculture not only for lawns, but also for fodder cultivation, successfully replacing some polluting products. The agro fond and the crop-rotation have had a direct influence on the level of production of the studied mangel-wurzel genotypes in Timisoara (2007-2008). To the two factors mentioned above, the positive influence of the products with a bio-stimulating role was added. The beet capitalizes on manure. At all doses of manure applied, increases of production are obtained in comparison with the untreated sample. The greatest increases of production are obtained at the mangel-wurzel breed Kyros, at a dose of 80 t manure/ha. (132,9 kg/ha). Analyzing these measurements from the point of view of the increase in production for 1 kg of used manure, one can notice that at the doses of 40 and 60 t/ha, the increases in production are higher than at the maximum dose for the mangel-wurzel.
more abstractsfecla furajeră; producţie; biostimulatori; îngrăşăminte organice
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE DYNAMICS OF THE SPECIES FROM THE VEGETATION CARPET OF SOME SANDY-LAND GRASSLAND FROM VALEA LUI MIHAI - BIHOR COUNTY pag. 142-146
Ştefania Anica Derşidan, Alexandru MoisucIn this work is presented the evolution of the vegetation carpet from some sandy land grassland under the influence of exploitation intensity. The purpose of these researches is to analyse the dynamics of the vegetation in the condition of the improper management, because this is the condition of most of the Romanian grasslands. Also, this research is concerned by the botanical composition of the vegetation carpet, the structure of the vegetation from the point of view of the main plant types (grasses, leguminous, Cyperaceae and Juncaceae, and species from other botanical families) species number, and aspects concerning the biodiversity. The data were collected from 4 grassland surfaces (Lenfin – hayfield, Fürkó, Dihenes and Urkuta – pastures) from the land surface of Valea lui Mihai locality during 2007-2008. The research methods used in this work are the vegetation analysis with square meter method (Daget et Poissonet, 1971) this type of data collecting offering data that can be used in the detailed calculus of biodiversity (Shannon-Weaver) and dominance (Simpson) indexes. The results obtained shows that the greatest biodiversity is found in the case of Lenfin hayfield, and in the case of the pastures the obtained indexes have similar values they showing a medium biodiversity index. For the improvement of the botanical composition of the grasslands from the area of Valea lui Mihai are needed some immediate measures as are: mowing the non-consumed plants to reduce the weed proliferation on the grazed land surfaces (Fürkó, Dihenes and Urkuta); fertilization of the hayfield and of the pastures; the use of the grassland only for grazing (not for deposition of wastes); the elimination of water excess in the case of Urkuta pasture there being present in a great amount hydrophytes plants species.
more abstractsandy-land grassland; dynamics; hayfield; pasture; vegetation
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCHES CONCERNING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME SANDY-LAND GRASSLAND FROM VALEA LUI MIHAI - BIHOR COUNTY pag. 147-151
Ştefania Anica Derşidan, Alexandru MoisucGrasslands are an important resource of Valea lui Mihai (Bihor County) they representing more then 22 % form the total agricultural land of the locality. Most of the grasslands are used under their natural capacity, because most of the times the lack of the maintenance works and the overexploitation or under exploitation are determining the reduction of the biomass yield. Usually the grassland surfaces that are closer to the settlements are overexploited and those that are farther are underexploited. The topic of this work is the productivity of some sandy land grassland from Valea lui Mihai (Bihor County). The purpose of this research is to reach pieces of information about the productivity of the analysed grasslands. Another aspect taken in account in this work is the pastoral value of the grasslands and the carrying capacity of the surfaces that are used for grazing. The data were collected from 4 grassland surfaces (Lenfin – hayfield, Fürkó, Dihenes and Urkuta – pastures) during 2007-2008. The research methods used in this work are measurement of the yield with the direct method respectively the method of the repeated mowing, and the determining of the carrying capacity per hectare of the grassland surfaces used for grazing. The harvests were grouped in three cycles and from every of the grassland were collected samples of fresh fodder from six plots. The results obtained in this research show that the grassland vegetation from the studied area has a great stability from the point of view of yield, and carrying capacity. The differences consist in the yield distribution on harvests, these being influenced by the repartition of the rainfall during the vegetation period. The number of the animals that are using the grassland is greater then the carrying capacity of the pastures used, and the forage deficit must to be provided from forage crops cultivated in arable land.
more abstractsandy-land grassland; productivity; carrying capacity; pasture; harvests
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF ALFALFA BACTERIAL INOCULATION WITH SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI STRAINS ON FORAGE YIELD pag. 152-155
Carmen DragomirBacterial inoculation in alfalfa represents an important technological measure to increase the dry matter yield. The bacterial strains used determined an increase of the forage yield with 32.7% in the first year of vegetation, with 32.5% in the second and 36.7% in the third year of vegetation. At the same time, in the variants with bacterial inoculation, the dry matter yield was 9.3-91.5%-fold bigger than in the variant fertilized with N50.
more abstractalfalfa; bacterial strains; bacterial inoculation; dry matter
Presentation: oral
DownloadQUANTIFICATION OF THE BIOLOGICALLY-FIXED NITROGEN IN TEMPORARY PASTURES, WITH THE METHOD OF NITROGEN BALANCE pag. 156-160
Carmen Dragomir, Alexandru Moisuc, N. Dragomir, S. TothThe simple associations of Festuca pratensis and some of the legume species (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus) fix biological nitrogen between 57-133 kg/ha, in the first year of vegetation, and between 175-242 kg/ha, in the second year of vegetation. The amount of fixed nitrogen for 1% participation of legume species in the floristic structure was 2.36 kg/ha/year, and the amount of fixed nitrogen that remained in the soil ranged between 54-102 kg/ha.
more abstractgraminaceous; legume; fixed nitrogen; floristic structure
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE PLS-CV MODEL FOR DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT IN FORAGES FROM A PERMANENT MEADOW (GRĂDINARI; CARAS-SEVERIN) USING NIR SPECTROSCOPY (1100-2200 NM) pag. 161-165
Monica Hărmănescu, Alexandru MoisucIn this paper are presented our researches regarding the determination of total crude protein content (%) of forages samples, harvested in March 31 st , 2008, from a permanent meadow situated near Grădinari (Caraş Severin), using the obtained spectra between 1100-2200 nm of NIR Spectroscopy. The permanent meadow was organized in ten trials with different doses of organic and mineral fertilizations, and five replicates for each trial. The mathematical model (PLS-Cross Validation model) for total crude protein content (%) determination by NIRS method was created with the values obtained using wet chemical Kjeldahl method and those for reflectance from NIR spectra (1100-2200nm). For the statistical interpretation of obtained results was used UNSCRAMBLE software. The external calibration was made using samples harvested from the same permanent meadow, but in October, 2007.
more abstractNIR Spectroscopy; PLS-Cross Validation; total crude protein content; forages
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM CONTENT IN THE FORAGES FROM A PERMANENT MEADOW (GRĂDINARI; CARAŞ-SEVERIN) pag. 166-169
Monica Hărmănescu, Alexandru MoisucIn this paper are presented our results regarding the influence of mineral and organic fertilization on the Na, K, Ca and Mg contents in forages harvested from a permanent meadow situated in a hill region of Banat County (Grădinari; Caraş-Severin). Mineral fertilizers used were NPK complex, ammonium nitrate, super phosphate and potassium salt. Fermented manure sheep was used like organic fertilizer. The mineral fertilization was made yearly, whereas the sheep manure was applied at each two years. The Na, K, Ca and Mg contents have been analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The correlations between analyzed minerals contents in forages and mineral or organic fertilizers are discussed. Both fertilizers influenced the Na, K, Ca and Mg contents of the forages, but in different manner.
more abstractminerals; mineral fertilization; organic fertilization; forages; permanent meadow
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION STAGES ON PRODUCTION PER PLANT AT SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH pag. 170-174
Marinel Horablaga, Luminiţa Cojocariu, Alexandru Moisuc, Marian Florin, Cristian Bostan, Valentin LeneschiCultivated in forager purpose, Sorghum bicolor can be utilized in feeding animals in green fodder form, or after a preparation and conservation through silo – as pickled forage. Starting from these considerate in this paper we proposed to approach a serial of quantitative aspects which determine the green fodder production/plant and the interdependence between those, in 3 phenophases: 4 – Flag leaf visible in whorl, 6 – Mid - Bloom, 7 – Soft dough, at Sorghum bicolor for forage. The knowing of agrobiologic particularities in relation with environmental factors, in different stages of vegetation at Sorghum bicolor for silo, offers practical information’s especially in espouse some culture technologies.
more abstractperennial graminaes; allelopathy; lolinici acizi; crude protein
Presentation: oral
DownloadISSUES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGOFUND ON THE PRODUCTION EARMARKING ON SCYTHE AT LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM L. IN TIMISOARA ENVIRONMENT pag. 175-178
Marinel Horablaga, Luminiţa Cojocariu, Alexandru Moisuc, Adina Horablaga, Marian Florin, Mihaela CorcheşLolium multiflorum presents a number of qualities that can successfully integrate into the structure of fodder crops in a modern animal husbandry. Starting from these considerations, in this paper we aimed at addressing a number of issues that determine the production of dry matter and intake of scythe I and II to achieve it. The experience has been located in Timisoara, for three consecutive years (2006-2008), on an agrofund on the N50 P50 K50 (at the starting of the culture) and N50 after first scythe. As biological material we used a Wesley variety of Lolium multiflorum var. Westervoldicum. The year’s influence was decisive on the culture of Lolium multiflorum, so the scythe production was very high (4,5-5,1 t / ha) and of good quality. Because of drought in June-July with scythe II very low yields have been obtained (0,6-1,05 t / he SU). As such, on the specific conditions of culture in Timisoara we recommend only scythe I for Lollium multiflorum, after following a successive crop.
more abstractLolium multiflorum; DM production; earmarking on scythe
Presentation: oral
DownloadCOMPARATIVE RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE FERTILISATION EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF A ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LAND GRASSLAND AND A PERMANENT GRASSLAND FROM GRĂDINARI (CARAŞ SEVERIN COUNTY) pag. 179-184
Doru George Laieş, Alexandru MoisucGrădinari (Caraş Severin County) grasslands are representing about 33 % from the total agricultural land of the locality being important natural resource from this point of view, they being the topic of this research. Some of the grassland surfaces are coming from the abandoned agricultural land. One of the most important maintenance works needed in grasslands is represented by fertilisation. Every type of grasslands has different fertilisation needs, so the importance of this research is to set the optimal fertilisation rate with for different types of fertilising (chemical, organic and mixed). The purpose of this work is to find the optimal fertiliser rate for the grassland from Grădinari. The experimental plots were set in Grădinari (Caraş-Severin County), in 2004. The experimental plots comprise three fertilisation experiences: organic, chemical and mixed. Every fertilisation experience is organized in ten variants and five replicates. These were set after the blocks method. The surface of one plot is 20 m 2 (4m x 5m). The data were collected during 2004-2007 period. Thus, there was measured the total yield of fresh fodder and hay for every fertilisation variant from the abandoned arable land grassland and from the permanent grassland. After the analysis of the production results obtained can be noticed that the fertilisation of an abandoned agricultural land that is in succession to the grassland vegetation, the effect of the fertilisers is most powerful from the point of view of the yield starting with the second year from the fertiliser application. In comparison with the abandoned agricultural land in succession, the permanent grassland is visibly influenced by fertilisation starting with the first year from the fertiliser application.
more abstractgrassland; fertilisation; permanent grassland; abandoned agricultural land
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS AND CRIMSOM CLOVER MIXTURE ON THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN TIMISOARA CONDITIONS pag. 185-188
Marian Florin, Alexandru Moisuc, Luminiţa Cojocariu, Marinel HorablagaThe study of these annual forage mixtures of Crimsom clover with Italian ryegrass has the purpose to establish the best percentages in mixture, from the point of view of dry matter, taking in consideration the number of scythes and production per scythes, knowing the feeble resistance of Italian ryegrass in drought conditions from West Plain. It was observed that the production capacity of crimson clover and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is different, in mixture, in function of total production of each cut, the number of realised cuts and climatic conditions from each year.
more abstractcrimson clover; Italian ryegrass; mixtures; production
Presentation: oral
DownloadCHARACTERISATION OF THE PASTORAL VALUE OF SOME GRASSLAND FLOODED IN 2005 FROM TIMIŞ COUNTY pag. 189-192
Valeria Pavel, Alexandru Moisuche effects produces by flooding on the ecosystems are the followings: injuries on the biodiversity; reducing and degrading the natural habitat; the lack of drinking water for wild animals; the appearance of the epidemics in plants and animals; the appearance of the phenomena of migration and forced concentration of some species; the increase of the extinction risk of some endangered species; the modifying of the soil salinity; the increase of the soil erosion risk; the modifying of the water quality; landscape modifying. The present work represents a study of the flora and vegetation from the area set under the influence of the flooding in the Timiş – Bega inter-river. Thus were realized researches on the changes appeared in the vegetation cover of some grassland flooded for different intervals of time. The study was realized on three grasslands from the perimeter of Grăniceri locality and three from Foieni locality, Timiş County. All surfaces were flooded in April 2005. The researches were developed during a period of three years, respectively 2005-2007. This work is looking to define aspects concerning the influence of the flooding duration on the features of the vegetation cover from the studied areas, respectively the pastoral value. After the analysis of the data obtained we can conclude the followings: the pastoral value of the analyzed grasslands is evolving ascendant from a year to another showing that these vegetation communities have a great capacity of recovery after disturbing factors, in this case the flooding; the increase of the pastoral value of the grasslands in the years following the flooding can be assumed on the contribution of the nutritive elements brought by alluviums on these surfaces; the pastoral value with ascendant sense is determined by the increase of the participation in the vegetation carpet of the species with forager value better from a year to another.
more abstractgrassland; flooding; pastoral value; vegetation
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDY OF MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN APUSENI MOUNTAINS (GÂRDA DE SUS COMMUNITY) pag. 193-196
Ioan Rotar, Nicoleta Teodora Gârda, Florin Păcurar, Roxana VidicanThere are cases when long-term human activities and their interaction with nature have created agro ecosystems with high conservative value of flora and fauna. Such agro ecosystems are among others, old grasslands and meadows, specific forms of traditionally managed forests, or even mosaics of grasslands, cultivated fields and forests. These land mosaics, formed usually by traditional land use systems of low intensity, result of handwork with simple apparatus and animals, are known as traditional (or historical) cultural landscapes or shortly cultural landscapes (Ewald, 1994; Meeus, 1995; Phillips, 2001; Konold, 1996; Müller, 2005; Konold et al. 2001; Farina, 2007; Forman and Gordon, 1986). In our country, a precious landscape from cultural and pastoral point of views is constituted by the one in Apuseni Mountains, where, in time, traditional human activities marked the mountain landscape making it unique in Romania and in the world. With a high degree of novelty and originality, the study of mountain landscape elements brings forward some specific peculiarities to Apuseni, as well as their shaping and maintenance, but also the possibility of loosing them once new exploitation and building technologies are introduced or due to abandonment. The study was performed with the help of satellite images. The management practices of land, in time, have generated a mosaic landscape dominated by landscape elements which individualizes it. Among these, the following distinguish themselves: enclosures, rocks piles, isolated trees, lopped spruces, Fagus with contorted trunk, houses with roof made of spruce and fir branches, hay piles, fallowed terraces, enclosed arable land patches, forest grazing, meadows with plum trees, permanent and seasonal houses traditionally built, houses built at high altitude etc.
more abstractgrassland; cultural landscape; traditional exploitation; anthropic activity
Presentation: oral
DownloadPERENNIAL GRASSES SPONTANEOUS IN THE GRASSLANDS FROM WESTERN ROMANIA WITH POTENTIAL FOR THEIR USE FOR TURF pag. 197-200
Veronica Sărăţeanu, Alexandru MoisucPerennial grasses are important mainly for forage and for turf. The purpose of this work is to highlight grass species that are growing spontaneously in our geographic area, which have features that make these species suitable for their use in turf mixtures. There are valuable populations that are best adapted to the ecological conditions of our country, they being resistant to a series of factors that are recommending them for the use in turf mixture. The features that make the grasses suitable for this purpose are: resistance to treading, fast recovery after mowing, resistance to drought, resistance to shading, resistance to diseases and pests, resistance to repeated mowing, turf density, the finesse of the leaves, facile setting, etc. The grass species considered in this research is Festuca valesiaca. In Romania weren’t created yet autochthon turf grass varieties, all the seeds coming from import or being foreign varieties multiplied in our country. This type of research is very important because the turf has started to capture the interest of the municipalities and private owners from our country, they being interested to have turf covers with high esthetic and functional qualities. Also is important for them to have varieties adapted to the ecological conditions of the area where the turf will be set. This study is only a first step in the selection of germplasm resources for the creation of new turf grass varieties because in our country are created some small grass varieties, but they are suitable for forage.
more abstractturf; perennial grasses; spontaneous; grassland; vegetation
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EVOLUTION OF THE COMPOSITION OF AN ORNAMENTAL TURF UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAINTENANCE WORKS pag. 201-204
Veronica Sărăţeanu, Alexandru MoisucThe purpose of this work is to show the evolution of an ornamental turf seeded by the municipality in the Opera’s Plaza in Timişoara (Timiş County). The turf was seeded at the end of March 2006 after the former vegetation carpet was totally removed with the first 10 cm from the topsoil. After the soil preparation and the primary fertilization phase there was seeded a turf seed mixture of Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra. The analyzed aspects of that turf were the NTEP quality ratings of turf. These are evaluated on a 0-9 scale where 9 is best and 1 poorest. An average rating of 6 or above is characterizing an acceptable turf. The rating value of 9 is characterizing generally a perfect or ideal turf grass, but sometimes this rating can characterize a best managed turf that is in perfect accordance with the ecological conditions of the site where is placed. The quality ratings are important for taking into account in a measurable way the aesthetic and functional aspects of the turf. These determinations are based on the evaluation of color, density, uniformity, texture, and resistance to diseases and pests and environmental stress. Some of the features can be important for one turf type and less important for other. For example, color is an important feature for the ornamental turf while traffic tolerance is important for a sport turf. Even the turf was totally renovated there appear problems concerning the density in some points and the weeds starting from the first year of vegetation. There are present both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, and their number is growing from a year to another. The proliferation of weeds in turf is favored by the defective management of the turf, especially by the irregular mowing and fertilization. This type of study is important because there are only few researches on turf in this part of the country, most of them being realized in experimental conditions, that may differ powerfully especially from the point of view of frequency maintenance works.
more abstractornamental turf; maintenance works; weeds; mowing; fertilisation
Presentation: oral
DownloadPOSSIBILITY OF WEED KILLING IN MAIZE BY HERBICIDES APPLIED AFTER SOWING AND BEFORE SPROUTING pag. 207-201
Milan Biberdžić, Nebojša Deletić, Saša Barać, Slaviša Stojković, Miodrag JelićWeeds represent one of the limiting factors for reaching high grain yields in maize production. Observation of weed species emergence, as well as proper choice of herbicides and term of their application, can significantly decrease negative effects to maize crops caused by weeds. So the aim of this paper was to explore the effect of weed killers, applied after sowing but before sprouting, on decrease of weed species presence and weed plants number in maize crops. The field trial carried out during 2005 in the vicinity of Leskovac (southern Serbia) was set to observe efficiency of four herbicides (S-metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor + linuron, and alachlor), applied after sowing but before sprouting, in preventing weeds of maize crops. The trial was set in RCB design with three replications. Number of weed species and plants was counted per m 2 , and efficiency coefficient of herbicides was calculated according to Dodell et al. (Stanković, 1969). There were seven weed species in the maize crop with the average number of individuals per m 2 of 123. The highest number of individuals was shown by Setaria ssp. (42 plants/m 2 ) and Chenopodium album (35 plants/m 2 ). The highest coefficient of weed killing efficiency was given by acetochlor and amounted 71.54, and the lowest one by s-metolachlor where it was 63.41. All these weed killers expressed a weak effect to Abutilon theophrasti, Convolvulus arvensis, and Sorghum halepense. All the herbicides had a highly significant effect on grain yield value. Maize grain yield ranged between 7.235-8.943 kg/ha.
more abstractherbicides; weeds; maize; coefficient of efficiency; grain yield
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE BEHAVIOR OF A SUNFLOWER ASSORTMENT AT THE ATTACK OF THE MAIN PATHOGENS UNDER CONDITIONS FROM DIDACTIC STATION OF U.S.A.M.V.B. TIMIŞOARA pag. 211-216
Adrian Borcean, Dan Nicolae Manea, Simona NiţăIn the present paper are presented results for the year 2008 concerning behavior of an assortment of 32 sunflower lines from Monsanto on pathogen attack, in natural conditions at Didactic Station of Banat's University Of Agricultural Sciences And Veterinary Medicine Timişoara. It is well-known that the area where the experimental field was implemented is the target of a few sunflower endemic pathogens which produce crop losses every year, two of this are Phomopsis helianthi and Phoma macdonaldi. By the present paper we try to draw the attention to the lack of genetic material at the present hybrids assortment with vertical resistance to these pathogens. All this underline the importance of a new technology for sunflower, a technology which must bring some efficient measures to fight against these sunflower endemic pathogens.
more abstractsunflower; pathogens; natural conditions
Presentation: oral
DownloadOBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE MAIN PATHOGENS OF THE WINTER WHEAT STEM BASE BETWEEN 2006-2008 AT DIDACTIC STATION OF U.S.A.M.V.B. TIMIŞOARA pag. 217-222
Adrian Borcean, Molnar Levente, Simona NiţăIn the present paper are presented results for the interval between 2006-2008 concerning behavior of an assortment of 8 winter wheat varieties on stem base pathogens attack, in natural conditions at Didactic Station of Banat's University Of Agricultural Sciences And Veterinary Medicine Timişoara. In this paper from the main technological measures it is analyzed only the influence of the sowing density over two of the main steam base pathogens Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) Deighton and Gäeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.). Also, in this paper it can be observed the behavior of an assortment of the most cultivated varieties of winter wheat from the Western Plain of Romania, varieties which was created in some Agricultural Research Stations from Romania and Serbia, and due to this, the varieties have different degrees of soil and climate accommodation.
more abstractwinter wheat; stem base pathogens; natural conditions
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF CORONA DISCHARGES IN THE CONTROL OF GRANARY WEEVIL (SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS L.), MAJOR PEST OF STORED CEREALS pag. 223-227
Adrian Dinuţă, Horia Bunescu, Marian Proorocu, Ilonka BodişTalking into consideration that chemical control is generally pollutant, its use to protect the stored cereal seeds is accepted in the main for the stocks but at the same time strictly limited in case of stocks destined for human and animal consumption. The paper presents some laboratory results of the tests concerning the effect of corona discharges as a possible non-pollutant mean to control the granary weevil adults (Sitophilus granarius L.). The corona discharges were generated between a superior brush–type and a ground flat electrode, connected to a fully adjustable high–voltage electric source. The testing method is the direct exposure of the infested cereal seeds by granary weevil adults to the corona field. The effect of corona field was studied at different level of voltage and exposure time against the infested stock in the Laboratory of Entomology at the Faculty of Agriculture of USAMV Cluj-Napoca and at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, during 2002-2008. The recorded results after the tests in different corona discharges concluded that in the future these could be an unpolluted and low energophagous technology to protect the agricultural stored products.
more abstractcorona discharges; granary weevil; pest; stored cereals
Presentation: oral
DownloadPRELIMINARY STUDIES REGARDING THE USEFUL AND PEST ANIMAL SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF MAIZE IN TIMIS, CALARASI AND BRAILA COUNTIES pag. 228-234
Ioana Grozea, Ramona Ştef, Alin Cărăbeţ, Ana Maria Vîrteiu, Marcela Badea, Levente Molnar, Otilia CotunaIn last time the attention of specialists is trended on finding of solutions in plant protection against pest species and protecting of useful species. The pro-against opinions existent actually on genetically modified plants convinced us to make studies regarding the effect of Bt maize on animal species who lives in maize crops. So, it were studied number of useful species and pest from soil, on plant and on traps, in comparative variant- conventionally maize and Bt maize, in some counties (Timiş, Călăraşi şi Brăila) from our country. During 2008 year we obtained some preliminaries data. These studies are needed to follow in next years (2 at least). The structure and composition of invertebrate’s fauna from the three pedoclimatically zones were analyzed by using specifically methods, detailed in lab and studies direct observations in crop maize. The representative species in the samples were follow classes: Nematoda, Arachnida, Miriapoda, Insecta. In soil samples in Bt maize and in conventionally maize, too the most of species were useful (Carabidae). Among pest species, dominants were nematodes, especially in conventionally maize. Following the directly observations, a great percent of the attack of plants was registered at species from Phyllotreta genus, especially in conventionally maize (56.3%). Following the readings of the traps (Timiş) we can mentioned that in conventionally maizeDiabrotica adults were greater (398,3ad.) than in Bt maize (146,33ad.). The results were obtained by financially and material support of international research Project MADR/MAKIS, 2008-2010.
more abstractuseful and pest animal species; maize; Timis; Calarasi; Braila
Presentation: oral
DownloadDEVELOPMENT OF APHIDINEA VECTOR OF VIROSES BY THE SEED POTATO WITHIN THE AGRO-ECO SYSTEM pag. 235-239
Pompilica Iagăru, Gligor Ciortea, Romulus IagăruPlants and animals associated in biocenosis live within the biotope and develop directly influenced by effective or useful temperatures. The speed with which biochemical processes are carried out (t n -t o ) is dependent on the air temperature (t n ) and is limited by the biological threshold (t o ). Between reaction speed of biochemical processes characteristic of each species and temperature (processes underlying growth, development and multiplication of species) there is a close correlation, which allowed the formulation of mathematical equations very different from one species to another. Among these, the thermal constant equation can contribute fully to explain the processes of growth, development, propagation, biological spreading of species.
more abstractpotato; seed; potentially productive; aphide; development; biological propagation
Presentation: oral
DownloadGRAPEVINE VARIETIES BEHAVIOR ON MAINE PATHOGENS ATTACK IN 2008 FROM THE AMPELOGRAPHICAL COLLECTION OF U.S.A.M.V. IASI pag. 240-244
Nicoleta Irimia, E. Ulea, Andreea Mihaela BălăuOne of the reasons for lower grapes production is the pathogens attack in the vineyards. The grapevine mildew together with the powdery mildew and the grape grey mould are considered the most damaging diseases of the grapevine. The mildew and powdery mildew attack all aerial parts of the grapevine plants, while grape gray mould is frequently encountered on the mature berries, close to harvest. The study of these three pathogens was due to the fact that, they are present every year in the vineyards and producing attacks materialized in significant economic losses. The data regarding pathogens attack to the vines was conducted through surveys. The biological material was represented by different varieties of grapes, table grapes and wine grapes. The field observation was correlated with yearly phonological and ecological elements which lead to prognoses and control of main pathogenic agents. Depending on degree of attack recorded for each variety was established the expression of varietals and resistance of analyzed sorts (by OIV 459). The grape varieties which were taken in study showed different reactions under the same environmental conditions, materialized by different attack degrees to grapevine mildew, powdery mildew and grape grey mould. This paper contains results regarding the epidemiology and evolution of the main pathogens that attack the analyzed grapevine varieties.
more abstractgrapevine disease; frequency; intensity; attack level
Presentation: oral
DownloadAPERA SPICA VENTI: A PROBLEM WEED IN STRAW CEREALS IN THE BANAT HILL AREA pag. 245-250
Dan Nicolae Manea, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Gheorghe Cârciu, Simion AldaExperiments were carried out over two years (2007 and 2008) in Pirdea, in the Banat hill area, on a typical luvosoil with 34.5% argyle content, 2.19% humus, and a pH of 5.5. In 2007, winter wheat weeding reached 136 weeds/m 2 , of which 38.5% Apera spica venti and 61.5% dicot species such as Viola arvensis, Raphanus raphanistrum, Matricaria inodora, Cirsium arvense, and Convolvulus arvensis. In 2008, we identified 162 weeds/m 2 , of which 45.7% monocots (particularly Apera spica venti) and 54.3% annual and perennial dicots. Anti-graminaceae herbicides applied during vegetation were selective in winter wheat and had good results in controlling Apera spica venti: Puma super (95-92%), Assert 250 C (93-89%) and Grasp 25 SP (90-85%). Taking into account the relatively large number of dicot weeds, it is necessary to complete the treatment during vegetation with an anti-dicot herbicide (e.g. Icedin Super). In these variants we also obtained the highest yield increases (356-613 kg/ha in 2007 and 534-815 kg/ha in 2008). Among herbicides applied pre-emergently, the best results in controlling weeding degree in winter wheat (91-88%) was with Dicuran Forte, while Cougar and particularly Treflan 48 were less efficient, their effect being impacted by the precipitations during the period following treatment application. Yield increase ensured by Dicuran Forte was 384 kg/ha in 2007 and 508 kg/ha in 2008.
more abstractwinter wheat; weed control; Apera spica venti; herbicides; selectivity; eficiency
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH REGARDING CHANGES IN LIPIDS AND FATTY ACIDS IN THE WHEAT GRAIN AFTER INFESTATION BY RHIZOPERTA DOMINICA pag. 251-254
Lavinia Mădălina Micu, Doru Ion PetanecInsects are one of the main causes of the losses produced in stored cereals and seeds. Rhizoperta dominica F. infests cereals and develops inside the grains thus producing the ‘hidden infestation’ of the cereals and increases of temperature and moisture in the produce. The grains look healthy and undamaged, even if the embryo, the endosperm or both of them are partially eaten. In wheat grains, lipids are rather low (1,5 - 2%), being stored mainly in the embryo and aleuronic layer. Seeds contain rather active anti-oxidants and fats in intact seeds are pretty well protected against the action of the aerial oxygen. Changes related to seed fat degradation can have either an oxidating nature leading to the appearance of rancid taste and smell, or hydrolytic leading to free fat acid production. The goal of the research was to monitor the changes in the lipids and fat acids in wheat grains infested by Rhizoperta dominica F. Results of bio-chemical analyses with eteroclorhidric method shall be supplied to all interested farmers, to milling and bread-making enterprises. Quantitative changes the lipids and fat acids were monitored on a number of 5 sample variants infested with 25, 50, 75, and 100 insects of Rhizoperta dominica, respectively. Contents in fat acids extracted and determined among the total general lipids was low compared to the control, except for the palmitic, oleic and stearic acid which were much more degraded. As a result, a month after the attack by Rhizoperta dominica F., degradation of lipids and fat acids in the wheat grain was significant.
more abstractgrain; infestation; Rhizoperta dominica; modifications; lipids; fatty acids
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ANALYSIS OF THE RAIN GANGE SYSTEM AT THE MAIN METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS FROM TIMIS AND CARAS SEVERIN COUNTRIES pag. 255-258
Dragoslav Vlad Mircov, Z. Fekete, Antoanela CozmaFor Banat, from all the rain gauge risks, the must important are those possible during the whole year, namely the humidity excess and the drought and dryness. To these phenomena we can add torrential rains, acid rains and the storms with hail, phenomena that have a great impact over the environment degradation. From the 30 years old data, there were spotted rain gauge stations and posts from Timis and Caras-Severin contries which showed extreme yearly (annual) obvions values during the period of 1970-2000.
more abstracthumidity excess rain gange station; drought; dryness; multiannual media; minimum temperatures
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCHES CONCERNING THE TOXICITY OF SOME INSECTICIDES TOWARDS THE POLINATING BEES FROM ALFAALFA CULTIVATIONS pag. 259-262
Dina Monica Moise, Ioan PălăgeşiuResearches were carried out for the determination of some insecticides toxicity used actually on large scale in the agricultural practice, towards the pollinating bees from the alfalfa cultivation, under the condition from the South-Western part of Romania. The previous researches in our country were performed by Cârnu, Ciurdărescu, Paulian et al., Bura et all. The researches were made under field conditions, in the alfaalfa from the experimental field of the Didactic Station Timişoara, during 2007-2008. There were used insulators with an area of 1 m 2 . Sprayings with insecticides were performed; 50 bees were introduced in each insulator and the mortality was supervised after 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours. The following insecticides were used: Fastac 10 EC (alfa-cypermethrin) - 0.15 l/ha, Sinoratox 35 CE (dimethoate) 1.5 l/ha, Decis 2.5 EC (deltamethrin)- 0.3 l/ha. Each variant was performed in three replications and compared with the untreated control variant. A moderate toxicity presented Fastac 10 EC. The researches on the toxicity of some insecticides to alfalfa pollinators have not been subject to such investigations in the South-Western part of Romania. The results achieved represent original contributions to the knowledge regarding the pollinating insects and their protection for obtaining an increased alfalfa qualitative and quantitative seed yield.
more abstracttoxicity; insecticides; bees alfaalfa
Presentation: oral
DownloadON THE RESPONSE OF SOME APPLE-TREE CULTIVARS TO THE ATTACK BY PODOSPHAERA LEUCOTRICHA (ELL ET EV.) SOLOMON IN THE CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE D.E.S. IN TIMIŞOARA IN 2008 pag. 263-266
Molnar Levente, Adrian Borcean, Daniela BăluţăIn this paper we present the response of 5 apple-tree cultivars (Romus 2, Pionier, Jonathan, Delicios de Voineşti and Florina) to the attack by Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell et Ev.) Solomon in the climate conditions of the year 2003. Measurements were made on the intensive plantation of the D.E.S. in Timişoara. From a climate point of view, the year was very favourable to the development of the fungus.
more abstractapple; Podosphaera leucotricha
Presentation: oral
DownloadIMPROVING SAMPLE PREPARATION AND DNA EXTRACTION METHOD IN APHIDS pag. 267-270
Antonia Odagiu, Ioan Oroian, Valentin Bâlteanu, Cristian Iederan, Ioan Braşovean, Claudia BalintImproving the sample preparation, testing and improving DNA extraction methods in aphids were the aims of our paper. In this field, few researches were developed at national level, and relatively few titles are found in literature, too. Traditional sampling methods, in collection bottles were used. Sample preparation and DNA extraction were performed according to literature methodology, but technical improvements were also tested. The molecular approach of this field is relatively new and it has been developed in last decade. The improved methods obtained in aphid sample preparation and DNA extraction will facilitate the development of PCR based methods of genotyping the plant predators, globally, and development of screening methods for several interesting species, simultaneously. The importance of implementing these techniques at large scale is revealed by the accuracy of results, and also by the possibility of suitable selection of the products used for fighting against aphids.
more abstractaphids; DNA; sampling; extraction; improvement
Presentation: oral
DownloadFIGHTING AGAINST ADODXOPHYES ORANA PEEL MOTH OF FRUITS THRU „ATTRACT AND KILL” METHOD pag. 271-276
Ion Oltean, Lucia Gânscǎ, Teodora Florian, Horia Bunescu, Ilonka Bodiş, Mircea VargaUsing these products, from the biopesticides category, will allow the obtaining of a healthy fruit production, without pesticides residues. There using will not affect the ecological balance, these biopesticides being selected for the useful entomofauna from fruit-growing ecosystems. For evaluating the efficiency of every experimental variant in the abatement of the fruit peel moth was proceed at establishing the intensity of attack produced by both generations’ grubs. At the hibernating generation was followed the attack produces by the grubs at the inflorescences, sprout and leafs level and for the summer generation was followed the attack at the leaf level. The high biological hibernating relay of this pest, in the 2008 spring affected and destroyed up to 37 % from the buds, leafs and growing top of apple-trees. Using the sexual attractants pheromones can decrease the attack produce at fruits up to 76.92 %. Applying the pheromone through „attract and kill„ method can increase the efficiency up to 15.38 %.
more abstractPresentation: oral
DownloadTHE CONTROL AND MONITORING OF THE ORCHARD PESTS IN TRANSYLVANIA pag. 277-283
Ioan Oroian, Ioan Oltean, Antonia Odagiu, Laura Paulette, Cristian Iederan, Ioan BraşoveanMonitoring the biological supply of nine orchard mite species with special economical importance in middle Transylvania, was the aim of our paper. Besides usually monitored species (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Anthomus pomorum, Hoplocampa testudinea, Hoplocampa minuta, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana şi Rhagoletis cerasi), other two were also considered (Janus compressus şi Eurytoma schreineri) because in last years were identified within tree plantations, and their population is in continuous increase and in several plantations became key mites. The classical monitoring method was used. The monitoring activity revealed the presence of the Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, phytosanitary quarantine specie was encountered in more than 80% of tree plantations, but biological supply was maintained on marginal rows or points difficult to access for chemical works. Paper originality consists in emphasizing the presence of Janus compressus in apple and pear trees and Eurytoma schreineri in plum tree. The practical aspects revealed by this paper underline the importance of this kind of approach for the warning campaign against orchard mites and performing chemical treatments .
more abstractmites; orchard; phytophagous species; monitoring
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCHES CONCERNING THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE FLOE – TREE CATERPILLAR (ORGYIA ANTIQUA L.) pag. 284-289
Ioan Pălăgeşiu, Eugen CojocaruThe paper presents the results about the life cycle peculiarities of the Orgyia antiqua L. (Lymantriidae, Lepidoptera) species, from 2005-2007 in the Mehedinti County. In Romanian specialised literature investigations concerning this defoliator caterpillar are scarce and incomplete. The investigations were carried out in field conditions using the entomological insulators for obtaining the data for the biological card and then for the synthesis table, which will be associated with climatic data for the presentation of this pest life cycle. It results that during three years the pest had one generation per year and hibernated as egg. The larvae appears generally in the first or second decade of May at a main sum of effective temperatures Σ = (t n -t 0 ) = 1507,10ºC. For the investigated zone the researches are absolutely new and also it completes the data about the defoliator caterpillars from our country. Because there are scarce data in Romania the researches can be extended, the pest being one of the most damaging defoliators. The paper contributes with its new data to the completion of the knowledge concerning the sloe-tree caterpillar (Orgyia antiqua L.).
more abstractfloe-tree; caterpillar; Orgyia antiqua L.; apple; orchards; defoliator; life cycle
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH CONCERNING THE ATTACK BY CYDIA POMONELLA L. ON APPLE IN THE TIMIŞOARA AREA IN 2008 pag. 290-294
Doru Ion Petanec, Lavinia Mădălina MicuIn Romania, the attack of Cydia pomonella on apple trees results in a high percentage of wormy fruit that can reach up to 70% in certain years, which diminishes yield with the same percentage. Fruit attacked are damaged qualitatively, fall earlier than normal and rot because of the infection by Monilia fructigena. Research aimed at establishing the intensity of Cydia pomonella butterfly flight in the Timişoara area in 2008. The biological threshold in Cydia pomonella was established at 9ºC. To determine flight curve in butterflies, we set pheromone ATRA POM traps starting with May 1 st , 2008, 2-3 weeks before the supposed appearance of the butterflies, taking into account that the first generation appears around May-June, and the second one about July-August. We recorded captures 3 times a week to develop flight curve. After each monitoring, the butterflies were removed from gluey the traps. When temperature went below 15 0 C and precipitations were above 10 mm, we made no observations and recorded no data. Results of observations will be supplied to the farmers, if required. In 2008, on May 20, we collected the largest number of Cydia pomonella from the pheromone traps set in the orchard. The lowest number of captures was in the first days of May. We lanced the warning three days after recording the maximum number of 28 individuals. For second generation, maximum captures recorded in 2008 on July 17, and the lowest number of captures was in the first days of July. The warning for second generation we lanced in 2008 on July 20, after recording the maximum number of 99 individuals.
more abstractapples; atack; Cydia pomonella; flight curve
Presentation: oral
DownloadTAGETES: NEMATODE UNFRIENDLY MEDICINAL, ORNAMENTAL PLANT pag. 295-302
Ionică Prohab, Ioan BorceanTagetes patula (common name marigold) has been cultivated for its receptacleless flower (Tagetes flos sine receptaculis) containing volatile oil (0.5-1.5%) helenine, a substance used in medicine for the quick adaptation of the eye to different light intensities. In Germany, they pay a lot of attention to this plant for the nematode control properties of the roots. In this paper the authors present the results of their research carried out between 2006 and 2008 on a gleyed aluvisoil in the Timişului Plain located in Western România. The goal of the research was to control nematodes in vegetable gardens by cultivating Tagetes patula and Tagetes erecta species in alternation with vegetables. Results are original and particularly important in Pratylencus nematode control in vegetable gardens within ecological technologies (no insecticides). Results point out the possibility of controlling Pratylencus nematodes (40-70%) depending on the Tagetes species used.
more abstractTagetes sp.; nematode hostile plants
Presentation: oral
DownloadWEED CONTROL IN CANOPY OF SUGAR BEET pag. 299-303
Jozef Smatana, Milan Macák, Eva Demjanová, Eva Candráková, Ivica DjalovićA three year field study (2005-2007) was conducted in south-western Slovakia to investigate the effect of herbicides control on weed density, diversity and herbicide efficiency in sugar beet fields. An actual weed infestation was evaluated before herbicides application and 3-4 week after application of herbicides with concordance to International scales of EWRS. Screening of each field was made on the quadrant of 1 m 2 area with four replications. Weed infestations in general was high, 105 pieces weeds per square meter. Weed diversity varied from 19 to 23 species each year of evaluation. On the base of three years field assessment we can conclude: The evaluated herbicides control is very effective strategy for weed control in sugar beet. After herbicides control the significant changes in weed flora were noted in term of abundance and share of some weed species on total weed community. After herbicide control Polygonum spp., Chenopodium spp. and Echinochloa crus-galli remained the dominant weed species in canopy of sugar beet. In late summer and autumn Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense and Atriplex spp. also rise as a problem weeds.
more abstractweed density; weed diversity; herbicides weed control; sugar beet
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE CHARACTERS ANALYSIS AND CREATION OF SOME REGRESSION MODELS AT SPECIES SORGHUM HALEPENSE pag. 303-307
Ramona Ştef, Ioana Grozea, Alin Cărăbeţ, Ana Maria Vîrteiu, Daniela Băluţă, Otilia CotunaIn year 2008, Sorghum halepense samples were gathered from 16 localities in Timis County in order to initiate a study of plant height, number of internodes, length of the last internodes, panicle length, and number of branches. The data statistical interpretation was realized throughout SPSS. Length of the last internodes and panicle length are proved to be, after statistical interpretation, the factors with the higher influence on plant height. We observed that the length of the last internodes and panicle length exerted a major influence on plant height achieving a correlation coefficient between 0.481 and 0.865. Correlation is significant at 0,05 level.
more abstractSorghum halepense; plant height; number of internodes; length of the last internodes; panicle length; number of branches
Presentation: oral
DownloadOBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE BIODIVERSITY OF ENTOMOFAUNA IN SOME COLZA CULTURES pag. 308-313
Nela Tălmaciu, M. Tălmaciu, Monica HereaCollection of material was made with entomological fillet on colza crops research institute belonging to the cultivation of potatoes and sugar beet for Brasov and its surroundings kidnapped "rapeseed cultivation". Were made a number of five scythes to the two variants, in June the following date: 2.06, 6.06, 16.06, 26.06 and 30.06.2008. The material thus collected was then cleaned of scrap plant then was kept in a solution in alcohol concentration of about 20%, where they were kept for a period of time. Following determination of material was present in material collected of species of insects helpful and harmful. In some situations, especially if coleopterelor determination was made to species level, in other cases the determination was made to family or genus, less to species. Finally there was a greater presence as a species are harmful to the order Coleoptera species Meligethes aeneus, Phyllotreta nemorum and Ceuthorrynchus assimilis. Fauna is especially useful order Hymenoptera with several families: Braconidae, Calcididae, Ichneumonidae and Formicidae. Fauna density useful, harmful and total / m², had different values depending on the variant and the time of collection. The variant trated rape cultivated percentage of useful fauna was 5.36% while the spontaneous variant kidnapped, the percentage of useful fauna was 16.98%.
more abstracttreatment; pests; fauna useful
Presentation: oral
DownloadOBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE SPREADING AND CONTROL THE INVASIVE WEEDS FROM A NATURAL PASTURE pag. 314-319
Nela Tălmaciu, Ramona HumaFodder production and grazing represents an important activity in zootechny, especially for cattle taking into account, that from production expense, thouse for animal food represents the greatest weight. In majority pasture ecosystems exploited by grazing, it is happening a transformation of flora composition, frequently through adaptation in this surfaces with desirable species with low economic value. The control of invasive plants, known with generic name weeds, comunne in all agroecosystems, require height costs, determinating a major cost of production, correlated with a low work productivities in this economyc sector with major importance. Our preliminary research performed in pastures from central region of Moldavia which were exploited in a non-rational and inadequare mode have showed that some plants with small fodder qualities or which have the capacity to synthesize some toxic substances for animals, has been multiplied very much becoming invasive weeds (Lepidium draba, Euphorbia cyparissias, Artemisia sp., etc), wich decrease dramatically the productivity of the ecosystems. The observations were made in year 2008 in a natural pasture from the department of Iassy, norteast of Romania. This paper presents the observations regarding the biological control agents which can limitate the Lepidium draba populations.
more abstractnatural pasture; invasive weeds; biological control agents
Presentation: oral
DownloadLOG-POLAR PHASE-ONLY CORRELATION APPLIED TO BEETLES SYSTEMS OF GALLERIES pag. 320-326
Alin Teuşdea, Ovidiu Hâruţa, Gianina Gabor, Camelia Porumbattern recognition in the present study is based on the image capture and the correlations using log-polar transform and phase-only correlation. The beetles systems galleries’ architecture is captured on digital images, further cleaned for image enhancement and finally analyzed using comparators based on natural models. The correlators extract those image segments which remain invariant despite the variations induced by biotic and abiotic factors to the architecture of galleries.
more abstractpattern recognition; beetles systems of galleries; phase-only correlation; log-polar transform
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE DYNAMICS OF APPLE SCAB ATTACK – VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WINT. IN THE ORCHARDS OF APPLE FROM SIBIU COUNTY, IN THE PERIOD 2006-2008 pag. 327-332
Ana TimarThe research presented in this paper includes the pathogenetical agents Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint, which causesthe brown maculation of the apple’s leaves and the scab attack on the fruits and sprouts of the apple Malus pumila. One has observed the action of the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint to certain environment factors (temperature, atmospheric humidity, rainfall and the phenological stages of culture. As a result of the infection, one may observe the moment of the attack. They were correlated to the apple’s phenological phases with meteorological data and the biology of the fungus (warning criteria) in order to issue warning bulletins. 'Bulletin warning' contains: the pest agent for which the warning is issued, the culture, the necessary conditions for the treatment, the recommended products for the plant protection, dose appliance (commercial substances/ ha), the optimum period of the treatment, special recommendation concerning the environmental protection, the observance of security standards and animal protection, warning the bee breeders concerning the phytosanitary treatments during the mentioned periods.
more abstractplant protection; atack; degree of attack
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE DYNAMICS OF THE ATTACS OF POWDERY MILDEW – PODOSPHAERA LEUCOTRICHA (ELL. ET EV.) SALM. IN THE APPLE ORCHARDS FROM SIBIU COUNTY DURING THE PERIOD 2006-2008 pag. 333-336
Ana Timarhe researches presented in this paper include pathogen Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. et Ev)Salm, producing „apple’s flouring” in Malus pumila fruit-growing species. The monitoring of flouring on apple orchards in the county of Sibiu, in the period 2006-2008, was realized with the purpose of establishing annual strategies to combat the endangering agent, by maintaining it under the limit of the economical threshold of danger.
more abstractPodosphaera leucotricha (Ell.et Ev.) Salm; (Ell. et Ev); monotorization; dynamics
Presentation: oral
DownloadEFFICACY OF HERBICIDES CONTROL OF COMMON RAGWEED (AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L.) IN MAIZE pag. 337-340
Štefan Týr, Tomáš Vereš, Magdaléna Lacko-BartošováIn the year 2008 was conducted field trials in the south-west region of Slovak Republic. Our aim was to detect the efficacy of five herbicides to control common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in canopy of maize for grain. In field trial 5 active materials (dimethenamid, mesotrione, rimsulfuron, dicamba, fluorochloridon) were used. Estimation of actual weed infestation and assessment efficiency of applicable herbicides was made according to EWRS score. The most effective preemergence herbicides were fluorochloridon (Racer 25 EC) with efficacy 1-2 and dimethenamid (Spectrum) with efficacy 2-3 after 30 days from application. Less effective were postemergence herbicides with efficacy from 3-4 after 30 days from application according to EWRS score. The recommendation of practical usage of herbicide control of common ragweed for praxis has been elaborated.
more abstractAmbrosia artemisiifolia; herbicides efficacy; maize
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE MOST PROBLEMATIC WEEDS IN THE PEA FOR GRAIN (PISUM SATIVUM L.) IN ECOLOGICAL FARMING pag. 341-344
Štefan Týr, Tomáš Vereš, Magdaléna Lacko-BartošováIn the years 2005-2007 was conducted weed survey on the farms in conversion to ecological farming system. The aim was to detect the most harmful weeds, as important biotic, environmental stress factor, on the farms in the canopies of pea for grain in all production region of the Slovak Republic. The actual weed infestation was evaluated by standard methods common used by EWRS a numerous method per square. In the pea for grain 6 weed species were detected, the most problematic were: perennial weed (Cirsium arvense), annual weeds (Persicaria spp., Tripleurospermum perforatum, Avena fatua, Chenopodium spp., Atriplex spp.).
more abstractweed infestation; conversion; ecological farming system; pea for grain
Presentation: oral
DownloadDYNAMICS OF APPEARANCE AND EVOLUTION TO THE WATER MELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS L.), OF DOWNY MILDEW [PSEUDOPERONOSPORA CUBENSIS (BERK. ET CURT.) ROSTOW.], IN THE RAINY YEARS 2004, 2005, IN BARAGAN FIELD, (BRAILA AREA) pag. 345-350
Eugen VelichiDuring some rainy years, water melons can be affected by a series of pathogenic agents that might produce, in some situations, some important damages. One of these pathogenic agents is the downy mildew produced by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostov. The aim of the research was to establish the moments of disease apparition, favouring factors for starting the attack, as well as the possibilities of prevention and fight. Downy mildew was the subject of some thorough studies of the cucumbers, both in the field and in protected spaces (green houses, solariums). Nowadays, unlike the cucumber, the level of the researchers in this domain, in the proper area, both to the water melon and to the yellow melon, is practically inexistent. For making the notices, there have been organized experiences that respected the requests of an experimental technique. The experimented methods included different schemes of treatment + the witness method – 0 treatments. For interpretation of the results, there has been used the statistic analysis, according to the experimental technique. For the respective area, research has a great practical importance, as in some certain years, the pathogenic agents can cause great damages, being for many times the decisive factor for obtaining some good productions in quantity and especially in quality. During observations, more attention for the meteorological factors has been paid: the average temperature, precipitations, relative humidity of air and humidity on leaves (the dew).
more abstractmildew; watermelon; pathogenous agent
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCHES CONCERNING THE EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE BIRD'S – FOOT TREFOIL THRIPS (ODONTOTHRIPS LOTI HAL) LARVAE IN THE WEST PLAIN CONDITIONS pag. 351-356
Ana Maria VîrteiuThe importance of bird’s – foot trefoil consists firstly in the fact that can replace alfalfa and trefoil, on the places where other forage plants can't be cultivated and also because has the biggest resistance at the pests and disease attack. In the production case of the bird's – foot trefoil seed, one of the insects that produces the greatest damages, about 80% from the total production, is the bird's – foot trefoil trips. Even if it was mentioned in the special literature from the country and abroad, that pest was studied a little and that because this paper proposed to emphasize some experimental data concerning of its biology, specially some aspects regarding the biometrical measurements effectuated on the second install larvae of Odontothrips loti Hal. For the investigations accomplishing the experimental field was placed at Didactical Station Timisoara. The experiences location was realized after the standard method of the experiences location, in three repetitions, each parcel with a length of 2m and latitude of 1m. In realizing the biometrical measurements it built an insulator with metallic skeleton and covered with gauze. For studying the second install larvae of bird's – foot trefoil thrips, the samples taking were accomplished during a period of 20 days, with a periodicity of taking at each 48 hours. After the biometrical measurements it established that the length of second install larvae body of Odontothrips loti Hal. was of 1,230 mm ± 0,19 mm.The length of cephalic capsule were of 0,080 mm ± 0,02 mm. The cephalic capsule latitude was of 0,120 mm ±0,02 mm.
more abstractbirds - foot trefoil; Odontothrips loti; larvae; biometrical measurements
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDIES ABOUT SOME ASPECTS CONCERNING THE EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE ODONTOTHRIPS LOTI HAL. ADULT IN THE WEST ROMANIAN CONDITIONS pag. 357-362
Ana Maria Vîrteiu, Ioana Grozea, Ioan PălăgeşiuThe Lotus corniculatus has a great capability of autoinsemination, even in the conditions of a depasturage of a long time. Concurrently, the rusticity assures great qualities to the Lotus corniculatus, comparative with the other leguminouses such as, the lack of meteorisations production during the consumption under green table shape (Zamfirescu, 1965). The entomofauna knowledge of this crop plants represents one of the most important stage in realizing a integrated protection to obtain a production of superior quality and great quantity. Odontothrips loti Hal. is one of the most important pest of this crop, mekeing damage of 80% of the total yield production. The paper propose is to emphasize some experimental data concerning the effected investigations results wich deffine the influence of different parts of the body, upon the development of the adults of Odontothrips loti Hal. In realizing this porpoise the experimental fields was placed at S.D. Timisoara, after the standard method of location of the experiences, every lot had the length of 2 m and a latitude of 1 m. After the biometrical measurements it established that the head lenght is aproximately equal with his latitude, being a few broader (+0,07). The protorax lenght broader then long and the head and prothorax lenght excels the latitude of those two regions. The head and prothorax lenght represent cca 1/3 from the abdomen lenght. The abdomen represents 6/3 from the body lenght, and the prothorax and head lenght reported to the body lenght represents 2/8.
more abstractbirds - foot trefoil; Odontothrips loti; external morphology
Presentation: oral
DownloadCOSAVA – A BANATEAN WIND pag. 365-371
Silvia Barbu, Carmen Moisa, Dragoslav Vlad MircovCoşava is a very intense wind (which sometimes touches 25-30m/s), with a foehn character (the direction of air is perpendicular to the massive mountainous orientation), that blows in the south of the country, along the Danube to the Cazane, and in the south of the Banat region. It direction is generally from south-east toward north-west, and sometimes just the east. This wind appears in the situation which across Romania there is a maximum baric and across Hungarian and Serbia activates a depression, the conditions of a prevailing southern circulation. Coşava is a warm and dry wind which causes the melt of snow in a few days, and maintain, nights after nights minimum temperatures higher then in other regions. The distinguish intensity of the winds frequently produce frost on the ground and the rime early in autumn or late in spring, and seldom fogs.
more abstractCosava; intense wind; early rime; late rime; foehn
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONTROLLED DRAINAGE AND SUBIRRIGATION - THE REVERSIBLE FACILITIES pag. 372-378
Marinela Bodog, Eugen Teodor ManThe purpose of this publication is to provide the reader with a general understanding of how agricultural drainage waters can be managed to help balance production and environmental goal. This publication was designed to help persons who have a good understanding of agricultural drainage extend beyond their current knowledge of drainage water management.
more abstractdrainage; control; subirrigation; strategy; reversible
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DEEPNESS OF THE PHREATIC LEVEL AND THE HUMIDITY AT THE SOIL SURFACE, IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD FROM THE WATERWORKS IN ORADEA, BIHOR COUNTY pag. 379-384
Marinela Bodog, Eugen Teodor ManThe objective of this paper is the establishment of the correlation between the deepness of the phreatic level and the humidity at the soil surface because the rational usage of the water in the drainage, irrigation or the ones with reversible functioning drainage-irrigation systems is wanted. The reversible usage of the drainage systems and irrigations leads to: a rational usage of these, ensuring a judicious husbandry of the waterworks; reduction of the arrangement investments and saving electric energy.
more abstractcorrelation; deepness; phreatic; humidity; soil
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE VARIATION OF THE RATIO LEVEL OF THE SOIL AFTER ITS PROCESSING IN A CLASSICAL TILLAGE SYSTEM AND IN A MINIMUM TILLAGE SYSTEM pag. 385-390
Nicu Boja, Florinel Boja, Alin Teuşdea, Mihaela CarţişThis paper presents the results obtained regarding the influence of the processing method of the soil on the ratio level. In order to determine the ration level, after each technical work, an expedite, though precise method was conceived which can be used to analyse the influence of the preparing system of the soil on this physical-mechanical propriety.
more abstractratio level; clumps; minimum tillage system
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATES APPLICATION IN DIFFERENT PHOSPHATIC POTENTIAL LEVEL ON MAIZE YIELD AND IT’S CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN PRELUVOSOIL CONDITIONS FROM ORADEA pag. 391-396
Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cornelia Ciobanu, Adrian Vuşcan, Corina CosmaThe paper presents research results obtained in stationary experiments, carried out at Development Agricultural Research Station Oradea, regarding the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, on yield and soil fertility evolution. The research results obtained in long term experiments bring scientific arguments regarding necessity of rational application of nitrogen as a function of soil phosphatic potential in preluvosoil conditions. The kernel yield maize and it’s chemical composition are strong influenced by the N rates level and by the level of phosphatic potential. The higher yield level (65 – 68 q/ha) can be obtained only in the case of high potential phosphatic level (between 112 – 164 ppm). These levels can be obtained through annual P rates applied bigger than 80 kg P 2 O 5 /ha and N rates higher than 150 kg/ha. The N total (%) and protein content of maize kernel are proportional increasing, with increasing of N rates until 150 kg N /ha. The rates of 200 kg N /ha determine a decreasing of N total (%)and protein content in special in the case of low level of phosphatic potential. Because of secondary soil acidification like a consequence of systematically N application, appear nutritive unbalance which limit the yield level obtained. In these soil conditions for increasing of fertility potential is necessary cyclic lime application and for technical plants (inside of crop rotation is necessary potassium and microelements).
more abstractphosphatic potential; nitrogen rate; nutritive unbalance; protein content
Presentation: oral
DownloadPRESENTATION O THE WEAP MODEL (THE WATER EVALUATION AND PLANNING SYSTEM). CASE STUDY HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN OF THE RIVER BEGA pag. 397-402
Ioana Alina Costescu, Nicoleta NemeşWEAP was conceived in 1988 by Paul Raskin, President at Tellus Institute and developed under his supervision. The purpose was to create a flexible instrument, integrated, and transparent to sustainable evaluate the current water demand and supplying models exploring alternative and long-term scenarios. The integrated approach of water management locates the water resource in the context of a dilemma between the demand on one hand and also the problem of water quality and conservation on the other hand. This system is distinguished by the integrated approach for the water system simulation, locating the demand for the water resource, equipment efficiency, re-use, price on the same side with the source, surface and underground flow, water reserves and transfer. As data basis WEAP brings a system to maintain the information regarding the water demand and source. As a prognosis instrument WEAP simulates the water demand, source, inflow, generates pollution, treatment and water evacuation. It also evaluates a large range of options regarding water management, taking into consideration the multiple usages of water systems.
more abstracthydrographical basin; water demand; soil moisture; prognosis; soil quality
Presentation: oral
DownloadGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS FROM BRAILA PLAIN (NORTHERN BARAGAN) THEIR USE AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS pag. 403-408
Valentina Coteţ, Victoria Mocanu, Sorina DumitruNatural soil bodies are the result of climate and living organisms acting on parent material with topography or local relief exerting a modifying influence and with time required for soil forming processes to act. One of the main characteristic of the soils is their ability to support growing of living plant out-of-door. Therefore, a good knowledge of soil resources is a prerequisite condition for any good management of agricultural lands. This paper refers to an important part of the Romanian Lower Danube Plain, known as the Braila Plain or Northern Baragan. Its main goal is that to emphasize the geographical distribution of soils according to different geomorphological subunits and pedogeoclimatic microzones. For describing the studied area the Geografic Information System of the Pedogeoclimatic Microzones (GIS-MZP) was used, each microzone being characterized according to specific climate, relief and dominant soil conditions. This operation involved overlapping of soil map with that of microzones one. The use of soil cover data improved the information comprised by former microzones. So, the material elaborated earlier has been revised and up dated with new pedological and climatic information. The main limiting factor for agricultural use of soils from Braila Plain results from the persistent climatic moisture deficit that affects the whole area. Locally, risks of soil salinisation as well as wind erosion also occur. The results of this research, unequivocally underline the necessity of adequate measures for a better soil management, as well as for an improved soil and environment protection.
more abstractpedogeoclimatic microzones; Braila Plain; soil management
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE ON CROPS PRODUCTION IN THE TRIAL PLOT LACU SARAT, BRAILA pag. 409-414
Valentina Coteţ, Marius Eftene, Victoria Mocanuhe soils of the Braila Plain present a sound importance for the agriculture of this region. In this area one can find some of the most fertile soils from Romania and the most various and important crops. However, often, the soils with a good fertility are interspersed with areas of saline soils or soils with salinisation risk and low productivity. The soil ameliorative works carried out in the trial plot influenced the evolution of the soils and of the ground waters quality. The effect of this evolution has been reflected in higher yields, and in a better technical-economic ways for improving saline and alkaline soils. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the effect of the horizontal drainage, which is included into the ameliorative scheme of the Lacu Sarat trial plot, next to the deep loosening, ameliorative irrigation, ameliorative organic or/and mineral fertilization, plowing with or without soil material inverting, mulching, and amendment. The main characteristics of those works consist in that they are applied according to the specific conditions of the soil. Each ameliorative work belongs to a complex, aims to obtain amelioration of certain soil characteristics, so that, in the end the whole works set will lead to a consistent soil improvement in order to achieve favourable conditions for crops growth. The results presented here were obtained within 1998-2004 period at the Lacu Sarat trial plot in natural conditions in the frame of the ameliorative field scheme and also the crops structure. The results presented here are faced with the benchmark variant = 100, identified as the variant with the minimum ameliorative practices (only chemical fertilization, paraplaw tillage and amendation), due to the lack of a real benchmark variant (without ameliorative interventions). In order to obtain amelioration of the soil an important condition is to assure an efficient irrigation and also to maintain ground water table to a certain depth. In that case we can get a continuous descendant water flow for removing, eliminate salts prevent resalinization and to lead to a negative soluble salts balance. To help achieving the radical amelioration of the soil and to conduct to a more efficient and rational use of the land, alongside with the complex works for the amelioration of the saline and alkali soils, during amelioration and exploitation itself, agrofitotehnical and agro ameliorative measures should be applied.
more abstracthorizontal drainage; treatment of variant; crop yield
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOIL PRODUCTION CAPACITY FROM PERIAM, TIMIŞ COUNTY FOR DIFFERENT CROPS AND AGRICULTURAL USE pag. 415-419
Anişoara Duma-Copcea, Viorel Ştefan, Casiana MihuţFor soil production capacity appreciation of agricultural fields from Periam, Timiş County we selected from the entire weather conditions a number of 17 more significant indicators that can be precisely determined. Relying on these indicators and on the scales we extracted from tables, annexes 3 – 1 to 3 – 18, (in conformity with the elaboration methodology of soil studies, second part) hierarchy coefficients that express de favorability degree of an indicator for every crop and usage category of agricultural field.
more abstractsoil; physical and chemical features
Presentation: oral
DownloadDESIGNING A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING HYDROCALC IRRIGATION PLANNING pag. 420-425
Rareş Hălbac-Cotoară-ZamfirThe competitive demand of available water is more and more acute now in most parts of the world. The supplies of good water quality are declining every day. It is, therefore, necessary to find methods to improve water use efficiency in agriculture. The drip irrigation is one of the most efficient irrigation systems that are used in agriculture. HydroCalc Irrigation Planning is software for the irrigation community. It is a simple and easy calculation tool to perform some basic hydraulic computations. The use of HydroCalc allows the designer, dealer or end-user to evaluate the performance of micro irrigation in-field components, such as: Drip laterals and micro sprinklers, Sub mains and manifolds, Main lines (PVC, PE, etc.), Valves Energy calculation.
more abstractdrip irrigation; HydroCalc; software; water
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESULTS OBTAINED IN DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS DESIGN BY USING DRAINSPACE APPLICATION pag. 426-431
Rareş Hălbac-Cotoară-ZamfirRomania’s territory presents numerous areas with humidity excess from different sources and which supposes a proper water management for a durable administration of these lands with the purpose of promoting a sustainable agriculture. An efficient agriculture, taking into consideration Romania’s climatic conditions, can be practiced only with the support of land reclamation and improvement systems which are presenting technical and economical characteristics. Manual methods are becoming less used because they present risks in computing different indicators, supposes high volumes of manual work and they are considering long periods of time in reaching the targets (systems design). The software, which are modelling the hydric relations and interactions from soil active layer, present efficiency because they are taking into consideration numerous elements involved in these processes. WaSim is a computer-based training package for the teaching and demonstration of issues involved in irrigation, drainage and salinity management. WaSim simulates the soil water salinity relationships in response to different management strategies and environmental scenarios. WaSim contains 3 complementary design modules to aid sub-surface pipe drain design. Each of the 3 modules, for drain spacing, pipe sizing for field drains, and for collector drains, can be used separately from WaSim. DrainSpace module includes both Steady State (Hooghoudt) and Unsteady State (Glover-Dumm) equations are included in this module for calculating subsurface pipe drain spacing.
more abstractDrainSpace; WaSim; software; relations; pipe drain spacing
Presentation: oral
DownloadEFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON AL CONTENT OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES pag. 432-435
Miodrag Jelić, Ivica Djalović, Aleksandar Paunović, Desimir KneževićThis study examines the effect of different fertilization treatments on Al content of winter wheat at the early stem elongation stage. The investigation was conducted on vertisol soil at an experimental field of the Small Grains Institute, Kragujevac. Physical and most of the chemical properties of the soil were very unfavourable, such as low pH (pH (KCl) < 4.5) and low Ca and P 2 O 5 levels. The experiment included a control and six fertilization treatments (N 80,120 ; N 80 , 120 P 60 K 60 ; N 80 , 120 P 100 K 60 ; N 80 , 120 P 100 K 60 ; N 80 , 120 P 60 ; N 80 , 120 P 100 ; N 80 , 120 K 60 ) . Seven winter wheat cultivars were examined, including Takovčanka, Studenica, Kg–100, Matica, Lazarica, Toplica and Kg–56. Al content of young wheat plants was considerably affected by different fertilization treatments. A high Al content was reported for NK and NP treatments. The higher nitrogen application rate induced an increase in Al content of the aerial portions of plants by about 36% as compared to the lower rate used. Al accumulation in the plants differed considerably across the wheat genotypes observed in this study. The highest Al accumulation in the plants was found in cv. Lazarica (1.63 mg Al g -1 dry matter). The genotypes showed a different response to Al content of the plants.
more abstractwheat; genotypes; fertilization; Al
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION IN PLANT OF POTATOES pag. 436-441
Lirika Kupe, Nikollaq Bardhi, Alkeda Kalajnxhiu, Etleva Jojiç, Valdete Vorpsi, Magdalena Cara, Petraq BamePotatoes are plant with a high concentration of starch. It is distinguee for high nutritious and curative capacity with wide range of usage. Its productivity is influenced by: soil type, its fertility, technology of cultivation. Optimal bases of K 2 O (K2SO4) are primary depended by soil type as well as the parameters of technology of cultivation. The absence symptoms of potassium can be observed by a dark brown colour in leaf, curl of apex and the necrosis. Leaf fertilization is recommended when absences of potassium is very high and caused by a long dryness or grow of plant in alluvial argil soil. Traditional fertilization methods are applied. Potassium doses influence the altitude of plant, number of shoot, contents of plant residue starch and its productivity. Influence of potassium fertilization of plant potatoes was carried during the 2002-2004 period, near the IPPT (Institute of Vegetable-Potatoes in Tirana). Experiments were repeated four times in five different variants with different levels of fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg/ha a.s.) in soils with medium concentration of nitrogen and potassium. Was evaluated: technology of plant, penology, growth dynamics, number of shoot, number of tuber root, resistance to diseases, indication of production, economic evaluation and starch content. Based on this indication it concludes that the best recommendation doses is 150-200 kg/ha active material potassium.
more abstractpotatoes; potassium fertilizer; starch; nitrogen; technology of cultivation
Presentation: oral
DownloadEFFECT OF TILLAGE ON SOIL PHYSICAL FEATURES, WEED CONTROL AND YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT AND MAIZE pag. 442-447
Dan Nicolae Manea, Lorin Piloca, Gheorghe Cârciu, Simion AldaResearch was carried out between 2006-2008 at the Didactic Station in Timişoara, on a Haplic Chemozem with clayey texture, weak acid reaction (pH 6.7), and medium humus content (3.4%). We monitored the effect of some unconventional soil tillage works (para-plough, chisel, or simply disc) compared to classical tillage, on some physical features of the soil (bulk density, total and air porosity, structure), on weed control and on yield level of two main crops - wheat and maize. Results, show that unconventional soil tillage resulted in a considerable increase of bulk density values (6.2-13.1% in wheat and 3.9-13.2% in maize) and of air porosity. We also noticed an improvement in structural state of soil horizons. A disadvantage of unconventional soil tillage is the inefficient weed control as compared to control variant (143-174% weeding in wheat crops and 147-180% in maize). Though yields in unconventional variants are sensibly smaller as compared to control variant they are quite normal (92.7-96.3% in wheat and 94.4-96.4% in maize), however long-term benefits such as soil fertility and soil structure improvement recommend them for the both crops provided one find an efficient strategy in weed control.
more abstractsoil tillage; physical features; yield; winter wheat; maize
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONSIDERATIONS ON THE CERNISOILS FROM THE CENTRAL EASTERN PART OF THE SOUTHERN BĂRĂGAN pag. 448-455
Marius PopescuThe knowing of the cernisoils characteristics from the Central-Eastern Part of the Southern Bărăgan has theoretical importance and practical one because it provide to the farmers data on the rational use of land fund. The research has been conducted on cernisoils from two administrative territorial perimeters: Dragalina and Ştefan cel Mare. In this study were identified several types of chernozem and faeozem. The soils from studied perimeters were formed exclusively on loess, under the influence of plant association grassy steppe conditions of temperature and humidity typical of continental temperate climate. With every soil unit there are presented the physic chemical features on whose basis there are made the recommendations for practiced of durable and effective agriculture.
more abstractcernisoil; loess; Southern Bărăgan
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS CONCERNING THE WATER REQUIREMENT IN VINEYARD AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS FROM SEMI-ARID AREAS FROM ROMANIA pag. 454-459
Marius Popescu, Aurora Ranca, Zoia Prefac, George Marius CracuThe aim of this paper is to emphasis the aridity conditions from South and South-Eastern Romania and to detail the relations between water and soil-plant-atmosphere system with application in vineyards agro-ecosystems. Of climatic elements by presenting the temperature and precipitations, but also the specific characteristics for drought and aridity and Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration. Also are describe the correction coefficients of agricultural crops used in irrigation technique, the optimal real consumption of water for vineyards cultures and is emphasized the territorial repartition of water necessary for these. In order to produce qualitative grapes, the vineyards cultures from semi-arid areas from south and south-eastern of Romania require a greater quantity of water, especially within the summer months, July and August.
more abstractvineyards cultures; water requirement; semi-arid areas
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE FERTILIZATION OF PRODUCTION UPON THE APPLE TREE IN DIFFERENT CULTURE SYSTEM FROM S.D. TIMISOARA pag. 460-464
Casiana Mihuţ, Viorel Ştefan, Lucian Niţă, Anişoara Duma-CopceaThe research made in the fruit trees plantation of Didactic Station in Timisoara cultivated in intensive system observed the growing of apple tree yield after mineral and organic fertilization during three years (2005, 2006 and 2007). The experience was made on the Generos de Voineşti variety grafted on M26 and planted at 2 m distance on the row and 4 m distance between the rows. M26 rootstock, used mainly in super intensive system, gives to the tree high productions and good quality fruits.
more abstractsoil; production; intensive system; super intensive system
Presentation: oral
DownloadSEVERE WEATHER COOLING CAUSED BY THE SCANDINAVIAN ANTICYCLONE pag. 465-471
Carmen Moisa, Dragoslav Vlad Mircov, Lucian NiţăThe sudden and severe weather cooling are meteorological phenomena that have a great impact on the population and negative consequences in various economic fields. One of the pressure centres that facilitate penetration of arctic air masses to the area of Romania is the Scandinavian Anticyclone. These masses of air cause sudden and spectacular changes in weather aspect, consisting of severe drop of air temperature, intense frost in winter, snowstorm, rime and frost on the ground in spring and autumn.
more abstractScandinavian Anticyclone; severe cooling; minimum temperatures; rime; frost on the ground
Presentation: oral
DownloadLAND RECLAMATION WORKS APPLIED IN THE AMELIORATION PERIMETER IN TERRITORIAL AGRARIAN FOND OTELEC-UIVAR, TIMIŞ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 472-476
Iacob NemeşThe amelioration perimeter is located in Timiş County, on Uivar locality, in the east parte of Otelec locality. The area is located in the south-east part of Timişoara, at appreciatively 35 km, the acces on the perimeter being by DN 59B.The ameliorate area has 210,0 ha and it belong to Uivar Hall, from Timiş County.In the agrarian fond office evidence, from O.C.P.I., the lands have the next uses: · Grass land = 193.0 ha; · Shrubbery = 3.0 ha; · Unproductive land = 8.8 ha; · Exploitation road = 5.2 ha.
more abstractamelioration perimeter; humidity excess; degradation process; agrarian land
Presentation: oral
DownloadUSING THE PHOSMOD MODEL FOR THE PHOSPHATES ACCESIBILITY MODELLING IN THE VEGETABLE CROPS pag. 477-482
Nicoleta Nemeş, Ioana Alina CostescuIn all the soils types of the world a phosphate deficiency was observed, especially in the poorly countries, where the fertilisation level are inadequate. On the other hand, in one of the rich countries the phosphate level in soils are much more than it is necessary for the crops needs, so the environment is polluted. The crops dependence on the soil’s phosphate level in the soils and plants growth interaction is materialized. To these, a predictive model is necessary, model in which the essential processes of plants growth being presented in equations form. One of these models is the PHOSMOD model. This model was developed by Greenwood et al. (2001a), mainly for vegetable crops. After some adjustments, the model is able to reproduce the observed responses to band placed P and starter fertilizer in plant dry matter, and to predict differences between soil types in the responses to applied fertilizer. The model calculates the effects of soil phosphates, starter fertiliser phosphates and granular fertiliser phosphates on daily crop growth, phosphates concentration in the plants, and the changes in the different forms of soil phosphates. It is considered that the fertilisers are applied immediately after the seeding and the phosphate from the soil is represented by the interaction between the soil type and their evolution. All others nutrient, including N and K, it is considered that are in sufficient quantities for the maximal plant growth. The phosphate transport in soils is by diffusion and takes account of soil type, buffer capacity and soil water content. Mass flow transport is ignored. The interchange between solution, labile and non-labile forms of phosphate are recalculated for each day in the phosphate depleted regions around each segment of root and in the fertilised and unfertilised regions of soil into which no roots have penetrated.
more abstractphosphates accessibility; fertiliser; daily crop growth
Presentation: oral
DownloadASSESSING CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION DAMAGED AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE LOVRIN AREA (TIMIS COUNTY) pag. 483-486
Lucian Niţă, Casiana Mihuţ, K. LaţoIn this paper the authors present the results of their research concerning the evolution, changes and fertility of the soils and, implicitly, of agricultural lands due to social and economic activities within the Lovrin area (Timis County). The paper aims at presenting the fertility potential of agricultural lands in the studied area and at identifying fertility limiting factors.
more abstractanthropic; agricultural land; assessment; oil
Presentation: oral
DownloadCHANGES OF SOIL MICROELEMENTS CONTENT AFTER INTESIVE MINERAL FERTILIZATION pag. 487-492
Isidora Radulov, Florin Sala, Adina Berbecea, Florin CristaIn this study contents of selected microelements were determined in cambic chernozem after intensive mineral fertilization. The studies presented in this paper concern 4 years of experiments. Soil content in Fe, Mn and Zn were determined, in the 0-20cm depth, by DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate method. Boron content of soil was also determined through HCl method. Modification of microelements content in soil resulted from intensive nitrogen fertilizers application, on different pre – fertilized plots with phosphorus and potassium, and decrease of soil pH. Soil microelements content was considered medium in all experimental plots, with exception of Zn in plots with high doses of phosphorus fertilizers.
more abstractmineral fertilization; soil; microelement
Presentation: oral
DownloadFOREST SOILS FROM CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 493-497
Gheorghe RogobeteForest soil is a general term used in several soil classifications, especially in European literature, for specific soil taxa formed in temperate climates under forest vegetation, native or introduced. Soils under forests are quite varied, but in Caraş-Severin county, dominated Eutric and Dystric Cambisols (71,21%) with Haplic and Albic Luvisols (20,60%). Other types of soils are Leptosols and Rendzic Leptosols, Entic and Haplic Podzols. A very small areas are covered with Stagnic Cambisols or Luvisols. Litter organic matter, interacting with mineral soil particles, contributes to building and maintenance of soil structure and accompanying porosity, and water- and nutrient- holding capacity. There are three broad categories of littler layers or humus forms in the forests soils: mull, moder and mor. Mulls contain what are designated as Ol (SRTS) or L, F, Oi, Oe, horizons. Mor humus types, often forming in coniferous forests is slow to decompose and be incorporated with mineral soil materials in a very thin or absent Of (SRTS) or L, F and H layers.Human activities influence in forest soils from Caraş-Severin properties and processes. Effects of acid rain and related pollutants including in some cases heavy metals have been studied.
more abstractforest; soil; litter; mull; moder; mor
Presentation: oral
DownloadFERTILISING SYSTEMS AND YIELD QUALITY IN WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DS IN TIMISOARA pag. 498-503
Florin Sala, Isidora Radulov, Florin Crista, Adina BerbeceaThe studies and research at the base of the present paper aimed at improving the fertilising system in winter wheat in the soil and climate conditions of the DS in Timisoara. For different winter wheat cultivars with different yielding potential, there are different fertilisers and new agricultural technologies; with changing economic and soil and climate conditions, we need to improve and optimise fertilisation systems. The experimental variants we applied (N 0 - 200 on PK 0-150 ) ensured considerable statistically ensured increase in yield compared to the control. Crop quality analysed from the point of view of gluten and protein content also shows the positive impact of the fertiliser rates applied.
more abstractfertilizing system; fertilizers; yield; quality; winter wheat
Presentation: oral
DownloadLIPOVEI HILLS: A STUDY OF THE ŞANOVIŢA – LUCAREŢ VOLCANIC AREA pag. 504-506
Viorel Ştefan, Anişoara Duma-Copcea, Lucian Niţă, Casiana MihuţLipovei Hills are the most extended piedmont units in the Banat area. The area covered by these hills (about 200,000 ha) are delimited by the Mureş River – north and by the Bega River – South. Eastwards and westwards the limit follows a sinuous trajectory along the Lăsău – Lăugiu de Jos – Coşteiu de Sus alignment, and by the Chesinţ – Bencec – Ianova alignment, respectively. According to different previous research, the northern-southern exposition of the fracture system played a major role at the beginning of the volcanic activity in the Quaternary in south-western Romania.
more abstractbasic eruption rocks; volcano cone; crater
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EVOLUTION OF THE NUTRITION INDEX IN RELATION TO WATER REGIME pag. 507-510
Ciprian Stroia, Claire Jouany, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Alina Georgeta Neacşu, Marius StroiaThe studies where carried out on two permanent grasslands located in France, in the Central Pyrenees (Ercé) and in the Massif-Central (Gramond). Our results show that there is an inverse relationship between the total biomass and a synthetic indicator of the water regime, namely, the number of decades with a reserve RFU=0 on the horizon 0-5 cm. easy to use. The results also revealed a marked reduction of the nitrogen nutrition index (IN) when the mineral balance becomes negative. This result suggests that the IN is able to account for the depletion of the level of reserves in nitrogen as a result of changing balances accumulated over time. However, the question arises to what extent this development does not depend on water conditions that have prevailed over the last 2 years (2003 and 2004)?
more abstractgrassland; nitrogen nutrition index (INN); water deficit
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE ON THE BEANS CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF SOME CULTIVATED HYBRIDS MAIZE IN BANAT AREA pag. 511-513
Radu Şumălan, Carmen Beinşan, Dorin Camen, Renata Şumălan, Brigitta Schmidt, Ioana Popescu, Sorin GaşparIn this paper it has been studied the influence of different culture technologies of the beans quality to the most cultivated 6 maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) in the Banat area. In this purpose we have cultivated 7of the main hybrids used in this region into the next culture versions: conventional technology (fertilization with N,P,K), organic technology and ecological technology. The nitrogen is considered to be the most important input for the increasing productivity of the cultured plants. The changes applied in optimum certain moments to the nitrogen quantities produce cost efficiency and increase productivity and quality.
more abstractmaize; quality; fertilization
Presentation: oral
DownloadORGANIC MATTER-HUMUS AND NITROGEN CYCLE IN SOME SOILS FROM BANAT AREA pag. 514-517
V. Tudor, Gheorghe Rogobete, Clara TudorMany studies on different soil types from Banat area have shown that soils may contain several tons of organic matter per hectare. Most of it can be only slowly degraded and metabolized by soil organism as a consequence of both its physical and chemical stabilization. There are three categories of microenviroments- free unprotected particles, particles occluded in an inorganic or organic microenvironment and adsorbed particles. Proportions of free particulate organic matter, humus and nitrate vary widely and are affected by land use, vegetation and soil type, climate, and other factors. For the main types of soils from Banat like Fluvisols, Chernozems, Phaeozems, Cambisols, Luvisols, Podzols, Vertisols, Gleysols, humus, nitrogen and nitrate. There are also discussed the impact of the nitrates of environment. The ecological impacts of nitrate on aquatic ecosystems can be serious so, it is important to minimize nitrate losses from agricultural soils as much as possible.
more abstractorganic matter; humus; nitrogen; nitrate; soil
Presentation: oral
DownloadANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ON MINE TAILINGS FROM THE NATIONAL PARK OF CALIMANI MOUNTAIN (EASTERN CARPATHIANS) pag. 518-522
E. Ulea, F.D. LipşaThe mining activities from Calimani Mountain for sulphur ore between 1965 and 1997 generate a large amount of waste rocks and tailings, which get deposited in four dumps (Pinu, Puturosu, Dumitrelu and Ilva) at the surface. The degraded soils, the waste dumps are often very unstable and become sources of pollution. The direct effects was the loss of forest or grazing land, and the overall loss of production from more than 200 ha during the mining exploitation. The indirect effects included air and water pollution of rivers. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the diversity of soil microbiota from targeted areas, namely Pinu, Puturosu, Dumitrelu and Ilva waste sterile deposits. At the microscopic scale, high concentration of sulphur may have negative effects on bacteria, which are the key-players of the nutrient cycles (nitrogen, carbon, sulphur) in soils of the investigated dumps. For an easy identification of different groups of micro organisms, different specifics media cultures were used. The inseminated dishes were incubated and analyzed respecting the protocol for each micro organism groups. Collecting, isolation and identifying activity of some groups of micro organisms allowed demonstrating their presence in the sterile depositions. For example, the highest number of aerobe nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum was counted on Dumitrelu Dump at 0-6 cm depth (29 x 14 6 UFC/g soil), while the lower have been evidenced in Puturosu Dump (66 x 10 3 UFC/g soil) at the same depth. The presence in the mine tailings of micro organisms, which are involved in nutrient cycles, creating the premises for an ecological reconstruction for degraded soils resulted in mining activities (vegetation cover reconstruction, waste dump stabilization).
more abstractmicrobial community; mine tailings; Calimani Mountain
Presentation: oral
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