Rjas

Vol 43, No 3 (2011)

FOLIAR FERTILIZATION EFFECT ON PRODUCTION AND METABOLISM OF TOMATO PLANTS pag. 3-10

Iulia ANTON, A. DORNEANU, Geanina BIREESCU, Carmen SÎRBU, Venera STROE, Adriana GRIGORE

The practice of modern agriculture, sustainable, requires a lot of professional competence, and permanent monitoring of vegetation factors, among which those of nutrition have an important role (Davidescu et al., 1992). In order to optimize the nutrient regime in soil-plant system were created in the INCDPAPM - ICPA Bucharest in collaboration with ICB – Iasi science research to test on products with foliar application for their inclusion in the list allowed to use of fertilizers in Romanian agriculture. Research was conducted in 2010, in the University of Agronomic and Veterinary Science and Medicine, Iasi, experimental field of the SDE V. Adamachi (horticultural farm Adamachi and Ezăreni ranch) the have proposed specially taste productive efficiency on four fertilizing products. The testing methodology consisted of those products by foliar application (fine spray on plants) in three treatments, as dilute solutions in concentrations of 0.1 - 1.0% and the amount (volume) of 500 liters solution / ha. The first treatment was applied 2 weeks after seedling planting and the two others at weeding at 14 days between them. The soil on which they are located the experiences are hortic antrosol and cambic chernozem from the SDE USAMV, Iasi , with a potential for high fertility. The main physical and chemical qualities of soil are presented both in unfertilized control variant, but sprinkled with water, and also for highly productive variants, foliar fertilized. For the experimental vegetable field cambic chernozem I prepared a sheet on specific ecological, with 20 major ecological factors and determinants, soil and climatic on site specific, regional and local (the steppe of the NE region) wich were enrolled in eight classes of size quantitative and six qualitative grades on environmental favorability. Following research has found that foliar fertilizers used to tomato, Izmir cultivar, during vegetation plants, provide significant production increases statistically both in solar and in field, compared with control unfertilized.

more abstract
tomato, foliar fertilizers, environmental

Presentation: oral

Download

SOIL POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN THE AREA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE ROVINARI COAL-FIRED POWER STATION pag. 11-18

Claudia-Elena I BĂLĂCEANU, M. DUMITRU, N. FLOREA

Abstract The coal-fired power station s are particularly complex, important polluting agents. The chimneys for evacuation of burning gases represent the high polluting sources on the environment, while the ash dumps – low sources. The Rovinari coal-fired power station s has an installed power of 1720 MW, including several energetic groups built in 1972-1979 period and it use as a fuel the lignite extracted by surface mining in the respective area. From the geomorphological viewpoint, this area belongs to the Câlnic-Câmpul Mare inter-hilly depression whose altitude, at the Rovinari, is 150 m. The soil forming factors causing the soil evolution have been the rock, parental material and relief, all of them determining the evolution of lithomorphic zonal soils. The soils in the analyzed area represented by the classes: luvisols, hydrisols, cambisols and protisols. The subject of this paper is dealing with the loading degree of soils in the territory affected by the emissions from the Rovinari coal-fired power station . In this, soil samples have been collected from 40 main soil profiles oriented to all the cardinal directions. These soil samples have been analyzed in order to know: pH, base saturation degree, humus, total nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium, heavy metals and sulfur. Within the zone influenced by the Rovinari coal-fired power station , the main pollutants are sulfur dioxide, coal dust and the ash which contains carbon as well as silicon dioxide, aluminium oxides, and alkaline and alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg, K). Secondary pollutants are heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd), pollution which affects the normal contents of soil, on the one hand, and the concentrations in plants and the human health, on the other hand.

more abstract

Presentation: oral

Download

INTERRELATION BETWEEN METAL AVAILABILITY, SOIL PH AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION pag. 19-22

Adina Anca BERBECEA, Isidora RADULOV, Florin SALA, Florin CRISTA, Alina LATO

S olubility and availability metals in soil are directly related with soil pH, Fe and Mn oxidesand NOM. Man y scientific studies have generated a large body of information on benefits and environmental impacts associated with land application of mineral fertilizers. For improving soil fertility, in Romania is widely used mineral fertilization (NPK). Due to its influence on soil chemical properties, especially soil reaction which represents the pre eminent factor controlling the chemical behavior of metals and other important processes in soil, the aim of this paper is to establish some relation between these factors. Field trials with the following fertilization variants: N 0 P 0 K 0 , N 100 P 0 K 0 , N 200 P 0 K 0 , N 100 P 50 K 50 , N 200 P 50 K 50 , N 100 P 100 K 100 , N 200 P 100 K 100 , N 100 P 150 K 150 , N 200 P 150 K 150 were placed in S.D. Timisoara, on a cambic chernozem soil. Soil type is cambic chernozem with following features: total density ranged between 2.43 g|cmc and 2.58 g|cmc, lower and higher;total porosity has medium values, excepting the soil surface were total porosity has highest value: 47%; soil reaction is weakly acid, pH=6.18; humus content of soil is ranged between 3.28 si 2.10%, nitroge content is ranged between 3.08 la 2.04; phosphorus soil content is low – 13.0 ppm, and potassium content of soil is medium– 184 ppm;the value of cationic exchange capacity of soil is 30.35 me/100g. S oil samples, in three replicates for each variant were analyzed in order to determine soil pH by potentiometric method (water extraction, 1:2.5 ratio) and available metals content ( Acetate - EDTA mixture extraction followed by FAAS determination). The results suggested that is a very close dependence between the level of mineral fertilization applied and soil metal availability. The increase of nitrogen doses usually leads to available metal content increasing, due to pH decrease. On the other side P and K fertilization limit the action of nitrogen fertilization on pH, but at high doses, the available metals content decrease, because of low solubility phosphate-metal compounds formed in these conditions. It is very important to know the limits, in order to avoid soil properties depletion, deficiency or excess, soil pollution and, not at least yield quality diminishing.

more abstract
mineral fertilization, soil reaction, metal availability.

Presentation: oral

Download

VARIATION OF SOIL COMPACTION IN FOREST NURSERIES pag. 23-30

Nicusor Flavius BOJA, F. BOJA

Soil compaction assumes volume compression of the soil under the action of external factors. As solid particles can not be compressed, the air pockets between them reduce and therefore through compaction the dimensions of the pores is modified, their distribution and also the soil durability. The degree of compaction of the soil can be estimated thru apparent density, total porosity and degree of settling . The ground compaction in the forestry nurseries is characterized by the increase of the apparent density, the reduction of the total porosity, of the hydraulic conductivity and of the air permeability. These modifications influence the air and water mobility in the soil. The processing of the soil can produce or avoid the soil compaction. The excessive processing can favour the pulverization of the structure of the soil with effects on the compaction at the surface. The repeated tillage with a disc harrow at the same depth can lead, on certain soils, to the formation of compacted strata under the working depth. In general, the capacity of the soil to resist to compaction reduces itself while its humidity increases. When the soil is too humid, its plasticity and adherence are high and thus, the structural aggregates can be easily deteriorated. The result is the soil compaction. The research in cause has as a purpose the identification of the technical means of optimal mechanisation used in the forest nurseries, which are meant to lead to an decrease degree of compaction, a rise of the qualitative level of the processing. The purpose of the research is scientifically motivated through the necessity of introducing new tools for the execution of the works implied for soil preparation about activity settlement . The research has been carried out in three forest nurseries Forestry Department Arad, during 2006-2008, on different soil types. In the present paper, we display the results obtained after the working of the soil in the classical tillage system and minimum tillage system on the physical and mechanical properties. The work systems applied have been: classical tillage system (plough + disc 2X) and minimum tillage system (paraplow+ harrow). The usefulness of this paper lays in the research data gathered, processed, analyzed and exploited in order to provide a pertinent study material, which could be effectively used by the specialists in the design of obtaining saplings in the forestry nurseries and the choice of the tillage system for the optimal soil.

more abstract
compaction, technical work, compression degree

Presentation: oral

Download

OPTIMISATION OF THE CHEMICAL FERTILIZER DOSE FOR PRODUCTION BENEFIT MAXIMIZATION pag. 31-34

Marius BOLDEA, Florin SALA, Florin CRISTA

The aim of the research in the present paper is to find a mathematical relation between the agricultural yield and the dose of fertilizers, on the one hand; on the other hand, it attempts to give a theoretical and graphic method for benefit optimisation. It is common knowledge that the models used in mathematizing the agricultural yield in relation to the doses of chemical fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied on experimental fields are based on non-linear functions. Of these, the ones used most often are exponential functions with negative exponent. Such an example is the one that uses the Mitscherlich function, which is given by relation (1). In the present paper, the function that gives the relation between the agricultural yield, , and the doses of fertilizers, , is given by relation: , which is a function as good for the case as the ones mentioned above, but different from them in that it uses hyperbolic functions. The constants that are involved in the expression of the above-mentioned function are determined with the least squares method, by comparison with the experimental data. By graphic representation of both function (3) and the experimental data in Table 1, we get the graph in Figure 1. The graph shows good concordance between the theoretic curve and the experimental data. The optimal solution for the dose of fertilizers is obtained by annulling the derivative in the expression of the benefit, or, just as well, by the graphic method given in Figure 2. From the point of view of the practical applications, this paper gives a method for the optimisation of use of the fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, combining theoretical method with graphic methods. The paper is of practical interest also because it studies the adequate proportions of the three active substances used in fertilizers ( ); these chemical components are never used in equal percentages, whichever the crop might be.

more abstract
fertilization, Mitscherlich, least squares, modeling

Presentation: oral

Download

MODELLING OF SOIL WATER RETENTION PROPERTIES FOR SOIL PHYSICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT pag. 35-43

Irina CALCIU, Catalin SIMOTA, Olga VIZITIU, Ioana PANOIU

Because the soil water retention curve assessment requires (in terms of standardized European methodology) long time for measuring all levels of the soil water suction applied, we have used an indirect estimation methodology (deterministic) in order to have an overview of the soil capacity to retain water at different levels, which correspond to the main soil hidrophysical indicators, particularly important in assessing soil fertility status, as characterized by the ability of soil to maintain water in soil, and release the water when there are needs and / or requirements for crop plants. In this paper we present the model of Arya - Paris, which assess the water retention curve using soil texture and bulk density data. This model is based on the analogy between the soil water retention curve and the cumulative distribution curve by soil particles size. Parameter α introduced by Arya and Paris is an effective way to assess the length of capillaries in natural soils using as a measure spherical particles associated with the class in which was divided the solid fraction of soil. Arya-Paris model with α values calculated was applied to evaluate pairs of θ (soil water content) - ψ (matric potential). The van Genuchten equation was then used to estimate the water retention curve in the analyzed soils. We used in the paper three soil types (Calcic Chernozem, Rendzic Leptosol and Calcaro-calcic Kastanozem) located in the Dobrogea area from SE of Romania. Parameters of the van Genuchten equation, θr, θs, α, n were evaluated using the pairs of values θ - ψ calculated by Arya-Paris model using the Solver tool from Microsoft Excel software package. Van Genuchten equation was then used to assess some parameters that have agronomical significance. Optimum soil water content and soil matric potential for soil workability correspond to the inflection point of the soil water retention curve and were calculated using the van Genuchten parameters. Depending on the characteristics of the soil water retention curve at the inflection point the soil physical quality index, S, was calculated.

more abstract
soil water retention curve, Arya-Paris model, van Genuchten equation, optimum soil water content, S index

Presentation: oral

Download

THE INFLUENCE OF AMELIORATION MEASURES ON THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD MAXINENI-CORBU NOU pag. 44-49

Valentina COTEŢ, Gabi Mirela MATEI, F. MATEI, Victoria MOCANU, P. IGNAT, Sorina DUMITRU, M. L. EFTENE

The main purpose of the study presented in this paper was to assess the influence of amelioration measures on the soil microbial communities and their physiological activities in experimental field from Maxineni-Corbu Nou. Since in literature there are few data and information on the relationships between the amelioration processes and soil microbiological activity in saline soils, researches aiming to highlight the changes that occur, both in their activity and qualitative and quantitative distribution of microorganisms in relation to soil desalination were developed. The concept of intensive amelioration of saline soils includes both the application of a set of agropedoameliorative measures based on drainage and irrigation, adapted to specific conditions and restoration of biological activity. To highlight the main aspects of microbiological activity in saline soils, measurements in the experimental field Maxineni-Corbu Nou from Braila county were done. This field was established in 1977 and had as primary objective the intensive improvement of saline soils. Previous researches have been carried out in this region to describe the natural peculiarities and the main physical, chemical and biological properties of the salinized soils and to apply the most appropriate measures for preventing their degradation. The present research assessed the effects of these measures by monitoring the development of bacterial and fungal communities, as well as the physiological activities, expressed by the potential level of soil respiration. This new method was recently applied to the study of these soils, instead of other methods based on the evaluation of dehydrogenase activity. The paper brings to date the information concerning the actual state of the soils from experimental field Maxineni-Corbu Nou, with respect to microbial community, important by their implication in most processes that usually take place into the soil. The research is carried out within the postdoctoral research national project PN II RU - PD Contract 192/10.08.2010.

more abstract
bacteria, fungi, soil respiration

Presentation: oral

Download

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES OF CAMBIC CHERNOZEM IN THE DIDACTIC STATION OF TIMISOARA pag. 50-55

Florin CRISTA, I BORZA, Isidora RADULOV, F. SALA, Adina BERBECEA, Alina LATO

The major objective of this paper is to study the chemical proprieties of cambic chernozem, weakly gleyed from experimental field. The experimental field is situated in the Didactic Station of Timisoara. The chemical pointers taken under consideration in this project are the following, the reaction of soil solution (pH H2O ), the carbonates content (%); the humus content (%); the total nitrogen content, the hidrolytic acidity -A H (me/100 g sol); the total capacity of cationic exchange -CEC (me/100 g sol); the degree of base saturation -V (%). The field experiments are the stationary type. Each plot is subdivided in four repetitions which are linear positioned, one next to another. Each micro-plot has 10 x 3.5 m (35 m 2 ) dimension. There are 32 micro-plots for wheat crop and also 32 micro-plots for maize crop. For the two crops taken under study we have used varieties and hybrids located in the west plain. We have chosen the Alex variety of wheat and, in this spring we will use one of the maize hybrids with the best features. The rational use of fertilizers and other chemical substances it is compulsory because we should remember that, one of the main objective of sustainable agriculture is to assure food security. The chemical substances increase harvest with approximately 40 % measure up to another technological methods. This is one issue that can not be neglected in the policy of food providing industry. Taken in consideration the dynamic of micro granulated chemical fertilizers nowadays, we can create a starting point for more ambitious studies. The interest in environment pollution has greatly increased lately for the entire population, and also for various institutions and organizations. Without soil there are no lives. The soil which is formed along millions of years can be destroyed by erosion within few days. The pollution prevention and reduction following the use of micro granulated fertilizers is one of the objectives founded in the regulations regarding the environment protections.

more abstract
micro granulated fertilizers, fertilization cambic chernozem, weakly gleyed

Presentation: oral

Download

THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE SOIL EROSION IN THE HILLY ZONES FROM MOLDAVIA AND OLTENIA pag. 56-61

Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, R. MOCANU, M. SUSINSKI

Taking account tha,t lately, the erosional process on the slope soils has intensified both by non rational exploitation of the woods and arable land and by the unproper technological system, especially on small farms, there is need to know the size of this phenomenon and to find the vulnerable zones and recovery measures. Worldwide researches on this domain are multiple, especially in Northern European countries that have large slope surfaces, e.g. Scotland, UK, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Germany who have evidentiated this phenomenon for agricultural ecosystems. In our country there have been made researches in the last years at the Research Centre for Erosion Control Perieni, District Vaslui. Having as a base the 52-149/2008 Research Project: „Researches on the soil and nutrient losses within the hilly zones of Moldavia and Oltenia” we have initiated researches in these two zones in order to quantify the soil erosion. The researching method has used standard plots for controlling runoffs on verstants from Valea Tarinei (Moldavia) and Preajba (Oltenia). The plots have been cropped as follows: soybean, beans, bromus, wheat, corn, furrow, natural and sown pasture, being fertilized by different mineral fertilizers. On the basis of collected runoffs after each rain there were made determinations of eroded soil. These researches are a novelty in this domain because it is the first time when there are determined the quantities of eroded soil on slope under different crops evidentiating the harmfulness of the erosion phenomenon. The researches have been limited by the slope of the land and by the rainfall in the two studied zones, Valea Tarinei (Vaslui) and Preajba (Gorj). These researches have a large aplicability in practice due to evidentiating for winter cereals, wide row crops and pastures the soil quantities that can be lost and warn the farmers about the most apropriate tillage on slope land. The paper is original by its researching method as well as by elaborating diagrams for each rain and for each crop emphasizing the following issues: the span of the rain (mm), liquid runoff (me/ha), the runoff coefficient and the rosion tones/ha. The paper has a special importance because it warn attention on preserving the soil according with the European Directive of Preserving Soil Quality.

more abstract
erosion, standard plots, fertilizer doses, rain diagram, liquid runoff, eroded soil

Presentation: oral

Download

THE EVOLUTION OF SOME NUTRIENTS OF STAGNIC LUVOSOIL FROM HILLY ZONE OF OLTENIA pag. 62-65

Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, R. MOCANU, M. SUSINSKI

The researches have been carried out at Experimental Centre for Pastures Gorj with the aim of observing the effect of different fertilizer doses on the nutrient content of soil under several crops. There researches are in the first year in this hilly area of Oltenia and they are part of COST European Researching Program 869 regarding the ways of reducing nutrient and soil losses from soil and mitigation of ground water and surface water pollution. This paper is a novelty for this area and for our country due to the researching during two years of the evolution of the nutrient content from the soil, N, P, K, slope soil reaction in order to diminish erosion losses. The researching method has consisted of researching the evolution of soil reaction and total nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium contents of a slope soil within 2009-2010 period with the following experimental variants: not fertilized control; N162P81K100 with corn; N138 with corn; not fertilized control with sown pasture; N162P81K100 with sown pasture; N138 with sown pasture; not fertilized control with natural pasture; N162P81K100 with natural pasture; N138 with natural pasture. The determinations have been made using the most advanced researching methods in Europe, according with I.C.P.A. regulations and the European Directive on soil quality. The practical implications have consisted in giving the most appropriate solutions for fertilizer applying to corn, sown pasture and natural pasture as well as for mitigation the soil and nutrient losses. The paper is original because it uses a new researching method in soil quality appreciation namely, the evolution of soil nutrient content. Thus, the paper has, both a theoretical scientifical importance in establishing the dynamics of soil nutrients in correlation with the fertilizer doses and a practical importance in order to elaborate solutions for fertilizing these crops within slope area of Gorj District. The paper is part of the Researching Project T.E. 103 nr. 118/2010.

more abstract
stagnic luvosoil, agrochemical features, soil acidity, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, NPK, natural pasture, sown pasture

Presentation: oral

Download

QUALITY CONTROL OF FERTILISERS - VALIDATION OF THE MICRO-NUTRIENTS ANALYSIS FROM THE INORGANIC FERTILISERS pag. 66-69

Adriana Elena GRIGORE, Carmen SÎRBU, T. CIOROIANU, Ioana OPRICĂ, Daniela MIHALACHE, Iulia ANTON

Romania’s accession to the European Union imposed the alignment of national legislation concerning the fertilisers with the European legislation. Thus, the internal normative acts regulating the trading of fertilisers and their quality control have been harmonized with the European ones by taking-up the full EC Regulation No 2003/2003. The official control of the conformity of the fertilizers to the requirements of the EC Regulation regarding the quality and composition is regulated by law no 238 from 07.12.2010 and performed by laboratories operating under SR EN ISO 17025:2005 standard, accredited by the national accreditation body – RENAR and notified to the European Commission. Thus, laboratories are required to appropriate measures to ensure that they are able to deliver the expected quality of the results, demonstrating their competence. This paper presents the validation of the iron analysis from inorganic fertilisers. Extraction and determination of iron by atomic absorption spectrometry are made under the methods 9.1. and 9.4. from Annex III of the EC Regulation No 2003/2003in the Laboratory for Testing and Quality Control of Fertilizers (accreditation certificate LI 673/2008) within the National Research and Development Institute for Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Environment Protection – RISSA Bucharest. The values obtained from the laboratory experiments, estimated by statistical calculation show that the results are within the confidence limits for the probability of 95%, both in terms of repeatability and exactness, thus the method is validated.

more abstract
fertilisers, micro-nutrients, method, validation

Presentation: oral

Download

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION AND THE YIELD OF FIBRE HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) pag. 70-76

Ildikó IVÁNYI

This study was conducted to determine the optimum time for plant analysis, which can provide useful indications of nutrient deficiencies in plants, and to establish limit values for nutrient supplies to fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). The effect of nutrient supplies on the nutritional status of fibre hemp was estimated by leaf analysis in a long-term field fertilisation experiment at four NPK levels on chernozem meadow soil in Szarvas, Hungary in 1999 (good water supplies) and 2003 (dry). The optimum time for the diagnostic analysis of fibre hemp was found to be late May or early June, when plants in the 5–7-leaf stage are 70–100 cm in height, with a biomass of 2–5 t ha –1 dry matter, depending on water and nutrient supplies, variety and production condition. Nutrient supplies to hemp can be considered satisfactory if plant analysis reveals 5–6 % N, 0.5–0.6 % P and 2.7–3.3 % K in the youngest fully developed leaves in late May. A stem yield (10 % moisture content) of 12–17 t ha –1 was achieved when rainfall supplies were adequate (1999), while in the dry year (2003) the lower nutrient concentrations in the uppermost leaves, indicating nutrient deficiency, resulted in a maximum stem yield of only 6–8 t ha –1 . The low, satisfactory and high values for the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu reported in the paper could be used to elaborate a fertiliser recommendation system for hemp.

more abstract
fibre hemp, soil analysis, plant analysis, nutrient deficiencies, nutrient limit values, dry matter yield

Presentation: oral

Download

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NMIN CONTENT OF THE SOIL AND THE QUALITY OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) KERNELS pag. 77-86

Zoltán IZSÁKI

In a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment with 64 treatments representing all possible combinations of four rates each of N, P and K, set up on chernozem meadow soil in Szarvas in 1989. The following N fertiliser rates were applied: 0, 80, 160, 240 kgha -1 year -1 . The protein and oil contents and the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of the maize grain yield were analysed between 1997 and 2004. The protein content of the maize kernels increased by 1.1–1.5 percentage points up to a NO 3 -N level of 80–100 kg ha –1 in the 0–60 cm soil layer prior to sowing. The year had a greater influence on the protein content than the N supplies. In the present experiment it was found that in years with high yields (8,5 tha -1 <) the protein content, averaged over the N treatments, was lower (8.3-10.0 %) than in years with poorer yields (7.5 tha -1 >), when it ranged from 11.2-12.3 %. No consistent effect of N on the amino acid composition, detectable as a change in the ratio of any amino acid in the majority of experimental years, was observed. The N supplies had no effect on the ratio of isoleucine, theonine, alanine, cysteine, glutamic acid or proline in the protein. Of the seven years investigated, the leucine ratio increased in three years, while that of lysine declined at higher N suppli levels. In two experimental years there was a significant increase in phenylalanine, but a decrease in the glycine ratio as the result of increasing N supplies. Arginine, methionine, valine, aspartic acid, serine acid and tyrosine exhibited significant but inconsistent increases or decreases in two or three years as a function of N supplies. The ratio of essential amino acids exhibited a slight increase in most years up to the 80-100 kgha -1 NO 3 -N supply level. The oil content and fatty acid composition of maize kernels was extremely stable, and was very little affected by the nutrient supplies or the year. During the experimental period excessive N supplies were only found to reduce the oil content and modify the fatty acid composition on one occasion.

more abstract
maize, protein and oil content, amino and fatty acid composition, N fertiliser response

Presentation: oral

Download

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SOIL TYPES WITH DIFFERENT PROPERTIES pag. 87-94

János KÁTAI, Ágnes OLÁH ZSUPOSNÉ, Imre VÁGÓ

The aim of research work was to determine the most important physical, chemical and microbiological properties of five different soil types - erubase, rendzina, solonchak, meadow solonetz, and calcareous chernozems - located in Hungary and make a comparison among the properties. The first four soil types have extreme physical and chemical properties, all was natural grassland, the fifth one was a cultivated chernozem soil from a fertilization experiment, and the control and two different dosages of fertilizer treatments were used for investigation. In order to measure the effect of relief on soil properties, two soil samples were taken from every soil type, one from a higher, one from the deeper exposure, except the calcareous chernozem. Results were evaluated and among the soil parameters significant differences were measured at 5%-level in the majority of the cases. Large differences were experienced among the properties, especially in the texture, pH, humus and nutrient content. The texture was measured from sandy loam to heavy clay; pH-values were from acidic to alkaline. Microelement content generally was higher in the natural soil, than in the cultivated ones, especially the zinc and manganese content. Regarding the microbiological properties of soils, the quantity of soil microorganisms (total number of bacteria and microscopic fungi) was higher in soils with native vegetation, than in the cultivated soils. Parallel with it, the measured enzymes activities – phosphatase, saccharase, urease and catalase - also were generally higher in the natural soils, than in the cultivated ones, one exception is the salt effected solonchak soil. In contrast with it, the numbers of two important physiological groups of bacteria - cellulose decomposing and nitrifying bacteria - were higher in the cultivated soils. When we compared the different results within one soil type, higher number of microorganisms and more intensive microbial activity was measured in the soil from higher exposure, than in soil from deeper exposure. It means that the microrelief has great importance in the occurrence and activity of living organisms of soil. The soil properties restrict hardly the possibilities of plant production, grassland or forests could be found in those places, where some soil physical and chemical properties are extreme, but at the same time these soils have high microbiological activity.

more abstract
Physical and chemical features of soils, plant covering, micro- and mezorelief, occurrence of soil microorganisms, microbial activity of soils, soil enzymes.

Presentation: oral

Download

COMPLEX INDICATOR FOR ASSESSING SOIL FERTILITY pag. 95-101

Radu LACATUSU, Anca-Rovena LACATUSU

The need to define more comprehensive the concept of soil fertility, but also to offer a practical tool to measure it, both for natural and agricultural soils without penalty interdictions and for soils affected by anthropogenesis processes, respectively urban soils, has led to elaboration of a complex indicator for assessing fertility (CIF). In order to quantify fertility, major soil features were grouped into two categories: potentiating and penalty indicators. The first category includes: climatic indicators (precipitation, temperature), indicators to characterize the nutritive space, also for water and air regime (edaphic volume, and the level of gleyzation and pseudo - gleyzation), physical indicators (texture, bulk density), chemical indicators (pH, humus content and the content of macro elements). The second category includes levels of salinization, alkalization, carbonation, pollution and artifacts content. Analytical values and morphological observations of each of the indicators mentioned above, are appreciated by giving points (notes) from 1-5, depending on their role in increasing soil fertility. The difference between the sum of notes granted to potentiating indicators and the sum of notes accorded to penalty indicators represents the value of complex indicator for assessing fertility (CIF). CIF values are interpreted according to a scale of values which separates soils into classes, from those with low fertility to high fertility. The calculation procedure and interpretation of CIF values for four soil types contrasting in terms of fertility level are exemplified. Three soil types, contrasting in terms of fertility, and an urban soil were selected. For each soil type, on the genetic horizons up to a depth of 60 cm, notes for each potentiating or penalty features were calculated.By summing the potentiating notes and, eventually, subtracting the amount of penalty notes was obtained the value for complex index of fertility. The results showed that: the Cambic Chernozems from Sârca has high fertility, with CIF value by 39, Fragic Alisol 1 and Gleyc Salic Vertic Cambisol have an average fertility, and with CIF value of 33, 25 respectively, and finally, Urbic Regosol has a low fertility, CIF value being only 21.

more abstract
soil fertility, evaluation, complex indicator

Presentation: oral

Download

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE MAIN TYPES OF SOILS OF NEW MOLDOVA PERIMETER LOCALITY FOR WHEAT AND CORN CROPS pag. 102-108

Iaroslav LAŢO, Lucian Dumitru NIŢĂ, ALINA LAŢO, CASIANA MIHUŢ

Studying in detail the topography of the territory, we see that a large surface area is characteristic of the last branches Locvei Mountains, the rest area with a very specific relief. The relief to be characterized more easily have divided it into two areas: the eastern part of Moldova and Moldova New Old West, north-west. This paper represents an economic study of the main types of soil from the perimeter of the village Moldova Noua, Caras-Severin wheat and corn crops. Studying the economic efficiency of land is very important because according to it we can draw conclusions about the effectiveness and profitability of agricultural crops. The main types of soils from the area studied, suitable for agricultural crops are: aluviosol, and eutricambosolul preluvosolul. Land evaluation is a complex operation and characterization naturalstică down the land, that the totality of conditions and environmental factors that occur on a given land area, through a system of indicators and techniques of evaluation and determination of grades production capacity of such land defined for different uses and cultures, if a certain technology in order to characterize its quality and value. To do a proper economic analysis were calculated first notes of evaluation of soil for crops under study. Evaluation marks have been calculated according to the Elaboration soil studies for the two cultures under study. Knowing evaluation notes I could find natural productive potential of these soils for wheat and maize crops by multiplying the score of evaluation of 60 kg / point for wheat and 75 kg / point to the corn crop. Productive potential was then compared with yields obtained by farmers in the area. Economic comparison was obtained by multiplying production by 0.5 lei / kg for wheat crop by 0.7 lei / kg for maize, these sums representing the price per kg charged in the summer of 2010. The study conducted in Moldova Noua village perimeter showed that wheat yields obtained are lower than the natural potential of land and where maize is grown have obtained higher yields than the natural potential of soils.

more abstract
economic efficiency, soil types, the grade of evaluation

Presentation: oral

Download

TIME VARIATION OF SOME CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL OIL POLLUTED SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER BIO-REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY ACCELERATED BY BACTERIAL INOCULUM pag. 109-117

Mihaela LUNGU, R. LĂCĂTUŞU, O. ANICĂI, C. ANA, Rodica Doina LAZĂR, Nineta RIZEA, Mihaela Monica ALDEA, Venera Mihaela STROE, Tatiana PASCU PASCU

Researches have been carried on in order to elaborate a platform for oil pollution risk assessment, in the framework of the PN 2 Project No.11036/2007 BIOREGIS. a bio-remediation technology accelerated by bacterial inoculum has been applied on a former petroleum park, at Sfinţii Voievozi, Dâmboviţa County. The experiment mainly approaches bio-electro-kinetic remediation techniques to extract organic pollutants from soil by stimulating the direct movement of the contaminants and of the bacteria towards the carbon source pollutants. The technology is insufficiently investigated, especially as in situ real experiments, due to the complexity of the physical and chemical changes undergone by soil and by the contaminants.Some chemical and micro-biological changes are studied in the present paper, in order to asses the soil evolution under the bio-electro-kinetic remediation techniques impact. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the soil properties, as follows: the organic carbon by the Walkley-Black method modified by Gogoaşă, total nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, nitrates – potentiometric determination with electron-selective electrode, mobile phosphorus and potassium contents, extracted in ammonium acetate-lactate and colorimetric respectively flamphotometric determinations, soil reaction (pH), potentiometric determination in 1:2,5 aqueous suspension and soluble salts contents, conductometric determination in aqueous extract. Microbiological analyses were performed as well, namely quantitative and taxonomic determinations of bacterial micro flora, using Topping growing medium.The evolution of the soil chemical and microbiological properties has been studied, by sampling and laboratory analyses carried out at different time intervals. Under these circumstances the variation of the soil macro-elements contents had a generally increasing tendency and strong fluctuations, especially influenced by the groundwater level variation due to rainfall. The nitrates content is alarming as it reaches over 900 mg·kg -1 , more than 15 times higher than the normal content in vegetable growing soils. The reaction remained slightly alkaline throughout the experiment, with a slight decreasing tendency in the control samples due to ammonium nitrate fertilization. The pH values at the end of the experiment were smaller than the initial ones in all three sampling points.All the samples present slight and moderate salinisation; chlorides predominate. The salinisation intensity alternates between slight and moderate. Sodium chlorine clearly predominates in the soluble salts composition.An increase of the total microorganisms number is noticed, respectively bacteria, reported per gram of dry soil, towards the end of the monitoring period.

more abstract
organic contaminants, bio-electro-kinetic remediation, soil chemical properties, soil micro-biological properties

Presentation: oral

Download

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COPPER CONTENT IN SOIL FROM ZLATNA AREA pag. 118-124

Alexandrina MANEA, M. DUMITRU, Nicoleta VRANCEANU, Sorina DUMITRU, I. ISNOVEANU

Activity of non-ferrous metallurgical plant from Zlatna were released directly to atmosphere high levels of heavy metal, most of them were deposited on soil. The object of this study is to asses the distribution of copper along the different soil profile at specific distance from the pollution sources and under different land use. The vertical distribution of copper was investigated in the main soils from this area: Dystric Cambisols, Eutric Cambisols, Haplic Luvisols, Luvisols, Regosols, Fluvisols, strogly eroded soils. The total copper was measured with flame atomic absortion by a mixture of strong acids (hydrochloric, sulphuric and perchloric acid-5:10:1 ratio). In the examined soils, generaly, the copper soil profile distribution show a maximum value in the top soil and then decrease with depth. Between soil copper content and soil organic matter of studied soil was established a very significant correlation. The highest values of total copper were determined in the litter, followed by pasture and arable land. The distribution of the copeer on soil profile presented less variation with soil type, but rather with distance from pollution source and land use. The human impact of metal accumulation in top soil was confirmed by the fact that concentrations of copper decreased with depth

more abstract
Copper, vertical distribution, soil, Zlatna

Presentation: oral

Download

THE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL POLLUTION ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL pag. 125-129

Mariana MARINESCU, M. TOTI, Veronica TANASE, Georgiana PLOPEANU, Irina CALCIU, M. MARINESCU

Pollution caused by crude oil is the most prevalent problem in the environment. The release of crude oil into the environment by oil spills is receiving worldwide attention. Crude oil products represent the one of the most common environmental contaminant / pollutant. Most oil pollution sources are anthropogenic, but there are also some natural sources. Common sources of these products are motor fuel station underground storage tanks, home and commercial heating oil storage tanks, fuel distribution centers, refineries, crude oil production sites and accidental spills. There is evidenced that some organisms, such as high-class plants are able to degrade hydrocarbons and can penetrate the soil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. It includes an aliphatic fraction, an aromatic fraction, asphaltenes, and resins. The effect of crude oil pollution on physical and chemical characteristics of soil was investigated by achieving a case study in Perisoru, Braila County. It has been achieved a profile until 120 cm and 3 soundings until 60 cm from where soil samples were collected according to the methodology and analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics point of view. In case of physical analysis, the values obtained for granulometric fractions were not influenced by the presence of crude oil. Results obtained showed variation in chemical properties of soil. Organic carbon increased from 2.23% for an unpolluted soil to 5.51% in polluted soil. C/N ratios increased from 13 for an unpolluted soil to 21 in polluted soil. Mobile phosphorous and potassium registered in polluted soil similar values with the one characteristic for unpolluted soil. Crude oil at high pollution levels inhibited the growth of crops. Because high concentrations (>1%) of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil have demonstrated phytotoxic properties, as well as the uncertainty about the fate and transport of high concentrations of petroleum in soils and upon human health, the specific fuel nondefault closure levels have maximum limits applied. It is generally recognized that the toxicity, (human and environmental), of petroleum products increases as the molecular weights of the compounds decrease.

more abstract
crude oil, pollution, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, Braila County.

Presentation: oral

Download

THE RESEARCH ON SUPPLY OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM IN THE CHERNOZEM CAMBIC PLANTATION RESORT TIMISOARA TEACHING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION pag. 130-133

Casiana MIHUŢ, Lucian NIŢĂ, Olimpia IORDĂNESCU, Iaroslav LATO

The research was carried out plantation Didactic Station Timisoara, during the three years, respectively 2008, 2009 and 2010. Fertilizers applied were both nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium in different doses and organic fertilizers, manure respectively. Manure was applied in quantities of 30 t/ha in autumn 2007. The results showed different contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, depending on the vegetation of trees, respectively in April, the content is higher in comparison with September, this is due to consumption of tree nutrients during the growing consumption of otherwise normal, because in this period, the trees need fertilizer application in order to take advantage. Determination of Total Nitrogen - Kjeldahl method was (mineralization of soil is made by boiling with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of catalyst). Mobile Phosphorus - was determined by the Egner-Domingo-Rhiem a spectrophotometer UV - VIS. Potassium assimilated - was extracted in ammonium acetate and lactate was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In this direction have been made both their research and by other researchers in the field, but concrete results in this sense can be seen only after a greater number of years because the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil amended continuously due to consumption by the trees. In Romania, research in this field as complex, are limited, the main cause is the relatively high cost of fertilizers, and lack of financial resources to continue research and present the results obtained. The work is original, both in terms of information it provides those interested in fertility status of soils occupied by trees, and because it offers both practical solutions in soil conditions and the orchards. Following these investigations, it may occur through the application of mineral and organic fertilizers in appropriate doses, without involving large expenditure, to pollute the soil or fertilize with amounts too low which would reduce production and to obtain low-quality fruit, which would remain sufficiently so high crop loss and financial resources. The book has great practical importance, because without new and needed both of fertility status of land occupied by trees and in the achievement of steady production and good quality.

more abstract
soil, fertilizers, total nitrogen, phosphorus dynamics, potassium assimilated

Presentation: oral

Download

THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS ON OILSEED RAPE IN KASTANIOZIOM SOIL CONDITIONS FROM CERNA – TULCEA pag. 134-138

Romulus MOCANU, S. TOMA, Ana Maria DODOCIOIU

The latest increasing interest on oilseed rape (III rd oil producing crop in the world) crop impose the better knowing of its technology, especially the fertilizer use. Taking account the lack of research results on this issue in our country and worldwide on kastanioziom soil type from Dobrogea we have initiated experiments on the effect of several potassium fertilizer doses on this type of soil from Cerna commune, District Tulcea. The researches have been made on a stationary experiment with two factors: the A factor – the potassium dose as potassium chlorure and the B factor – the nitrogen dose, using ammonium nitrate with 34.5% N. The cropkind was Triangle, with 50-70 germinable seeds/s.m., at 25 cm between rows, using 2.8 kg seeds/ha. The surface of an experimental plot was 35 s.m. (3.5 m x 10 m). The novelty of these researches has been the using of several doses of potassium as potassium clorure, both alone and along with nitrogen in the conditions of assuring phosphorus needs from soil reserves due to a good soil supplying degree in this element (51-67 ppm P). The researches have been focused on the following aspects: - the determination of some productivity element as: nr of plants per s.m. after emerging, begining of winter, begining of spring, average number of branches and flowers per plant and average number of pods and seeds per plant, average yield per plant; - the average yield per hectare and its quality by determining: the hectolitric mass, the mass of 1000 seeds, the oil content in %; The researches have been carried out within 2008-2010 period and are the first for their kind in this area having a high importance for loco growers who crop the land without an agrochemical study of the soil and without applying potassium fertilizers whose content in soil is scarce and that is absolutelly necessary in the metabolism of fats, respectivelly, in the increasing of the oil content used as biodiesel. From this point of view, the paper is original because there were not published such researching results so far. The importance of the paper is given by the fact that it responds to problems related to the rational use of fertilizers to oilseed rape, contributing to the improving of technology of this crop

more abstract
oilseed rape, kastanioziom, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, productivity elements, pods

Presentation: oral

Download

ISSUES CONCERNING THE DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS THROUGH COMBUSTION pag. 139-141

Lavinia MOLDOVAN, Marilena MĂRGHITAŞ, Mihaela MIHAI, C. TOADER

In agrochemical methodology for the determination of the determination of the organic-C content, an implicitly the humus content, several procedures have been acknowledged. These procedures involve dry or wet combustion, followed by a titrimetrical, or rather a gravimetrical dosage of the humified organic matter. Based on the capacity for dry or wet combustion (employing acid oxidizing mixtures) it is thus obvious to come to differentiated results in methods (procedures) related to the humus (organic-C) quantity and quality, to the level of evolution-humification and destruction of the organic matter. These differences may be caused by the fertilizing organic resources (wich are to be found in the soil and prove active during the process of the humification). The paper and determinations conducted on different soils, in terms of humus supply and agrochemical treatments, regularly show that differences appear in favor of the results obtained through dry combustion, with a more energetic oxidizing-destruction in soils that are well-supplied with organic-C. In these cases, the mentioned fraction is more stable as a consequence of superficial nitrogen bioaccumulation. In soil samples containing humus in a predominantly pozitive evolution and also humic fractions (of the organic-C) in stabilization (destruction and synthesis), the determined values are variable and are not always subject to clear differention rules.Therefore, out of the organic-C values determined throgh dry, respectively wet combustion, the establishment of certain correlations appears necessary for the interpretation of the global carbon cycle . The purpose of this research resides in setting an interpretation methid that would certify the comparison of methods obtained in determining organic carbon (dry and wet combustion). In this respect, the interpretation at hand shows varied and comparable possibilities in assessing average and long-term evolution of organic-C soil reserves.

more abstract
carbon, humus, dry combustion

Presentation: oral

Download

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GLEY STAGNIC PHAEOZEM WITH REGARD TO THE ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT AIMING AT THE SETTING OF A TREE PLANTATION pag. 142-145

Lavinia MOLDOVAN, Marilena MĂRGHITAŞ, Mihaela MIHAI, C. TOADER

The study of the organic matter content in the soil has always played an important part in agricultural science. At present, the practical matters revolving around this issue have become of a global nature. The seriousness of the problem resides in a tendency towards the diminishing of the organic matter content in processed arable soils. The purpose of the research is to pursue the distribution in processed genetic horizons of the organic carbon content in order to create a tree plantation on a gely-stagnic phaeozem in the locality of Uila –Batoş. Soil analyses were conducted according to the certified RENAR methodology of the SOIL-PLANT ANALYSIS LABORATORY within the department of Agrochemistry of the UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE CLUJ-NAPOCA. This method relies on the oxidation principle of the soil carbon into carbon dioxide through the warming up of the soil to 900 0 C in an oxygen gas flow devoid of carbon dioxide. This procedure is based on the dry combustion process. When the soil is heated to a temperature of 900 0 C, the total carbonate quantity present is entirely decomposed. In order to determine the organic carbon content, the carbonates present are discarded. The organic carbon and humus supply reveals average representations of this organic soil component (the determined humus values fall within 2-4% limits), while de real domain of humus content variation is 2.1 to3.1%. In order to maintain the humus content that preponderantly falls within the average representation domain (2-4%), periodical organic fertilization is recommended with organic resources (semi-fermented stable manure or/and poultry manure). The introduction of the organic material in any form in the soil leads to an available energetic input in othe forms and thus increases the heterogeneity and decreases the entropy. Furthermore, a long-term support of humification and the humus content occurs, as well as the increase of soil quality, fertility and productivity. Organic fertilization that incorporates humiferos resources in the soil plays an important part in increasing qualitative and quantitative productivity per surface unit. No other mineral fertlizer, either simple or composed, can make up for the specific and complex effects of organic fertilizers on soils and crops. Stable manure incorporated in the soil, as a complete organic fertilizer that contains all nutritive elements, makes a contribution at improving the structural state, increasing caloric capacity, accessible water resources and exerts a beneficial action on the activity of soil macro and microorganisms, stimulating their activity and development.

more abstract
carbon, humus, dry combustion

Presentation: oral

Download

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL RESOURCES OF THE TERRITORY OF THE VILLAGE DUDEŞTI VECHI, TIMIS COUNTY pag. 146-149

Lucian Dumitru NITA, Casiana MIHUŢ, K. LAŢO, Simona NIŢĂ

In this document, the team of authors present some issues related to the characterization of existing soil cover common territory Dudesti Vechi Timis. This work was conducted as thorough knowledge of soil resources in the region, knowledge is absolutely necessary to practice a sustainable and efficient agriculture. Studied area is part of the great physical and geographical unity;Banato-Crisana; taking place in the relief stage intermediate between the Western Carpathians and Pannonian depressions the sea. Different types and groups of genetic soil types existing today are the result of the actions investigated the perimeter in time and space complex pedogenetical factors (underlying rock, terrain, climate, vegetation, hydrography, hydrology, fauna) plus influences caused by human actions from drainage and drainage works to intensive agriculture today. Located in north-western county of Timis, the border with Serbia and Hungary, DJ 682, town Dudeştii Vechi (formerly BesenovaVeche), resident of the village with the same name, lies at a distance of 77.6 kilometers of the City and 13 Sânnicolau 8 km Great nearest town. Dudeştii Vechi village covers an area of 19,158 ha, of which 18,483 ha is agricultural. As a result of the pedo-genetic processes was a mosaic of soil cover, which is also seen in the main soil types identified in the study area. The grouping of land units (UT) of soils results in the following types according to dominant SRTS 2003. The first part is presented explaining the natural phenomena and processes taking place in the ground and how these phenomena and processes can be influenced by man in agricultural activity. In the work conducted on the territory of Dudesti Vechi, Timis, was intended to provide a fund of information on climatic resources and the existing soil cover administrative territory, based on documentation existrente soil. The paper will describe the natural formation and evolution of soils from the area studied, pedogenesis factors involved, the limiting factors of soil fertility and classification of the main classes, types and subtypes.

more abstract
soil, soil cover, chernozem, clime, hydrography

Presentation: oral

Download

THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZER WITH ORGANIC SUBSTANCES ON PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN MAIZE PLANT pag. 150-153

Ioana Dumitrita OPRICĂ, Carmen SIRBU, T. CIOROIANU, Maria SOARE, Adriana GRIGORE, Nicoleta MARIN

Paper presents the experimental results obtained by applying a new foliar fertilizer with organic substances and the influence of the foliar fertilization on the phosphorus content in maize plant. Research was carried out in the green house by INCDPAPM-ICPA Bucharest (2010) and the soil from experiment was Vermic Chernozems. The experiment was organized in Mitscherlich pots with 20 kg of soil. The tested inbred maize line from experience was: PR38A24. According to the methodology of testing for each variant of treatment a number of three replicates were provided. All the variants received soil fertilization with 50 mg N/kg soil, 50 mg P 2 O 5 /kg soil and 50 mg K 2 O/kg soil, excepting the control unfertilized in soil. In these conditions, the application of new foliar fertilizer assured positive increases of phosphorus content in dry matter of maize plant as compared to controls.

more abstract
foliar fertilization, maize, phosphorus

Presentation: oral

Download

LEAD PHYTOEXTRACTION. EXPERIMENTS IN GREENHOUSE pag. 154-159

Iuliana Georgiana PLOPEANU, Eugenia GAMENŢ, M. DUMITRU, Vera CARABULEA, Nicoleta VRÎNCEANU, Mariana MARINESCU, Mihaela ULMANU

Soil contamination can destroy the delicate equilibria between physical, chemical and biological processes, which influences soil fertility. The effects of soil contamination with heavy metals are already found in many zones of the entire world. In recent years increase the number of research focusing on the study of soil pollution with heavy metals due to various anthropogenic sources. Phytoremediation by phytoextraction is an extraction process and accumulation of contaminants / pollutants in plant tissues considered hiperaccumulators , including roots and aerial part. This paper presents experiments in Greenhouse to establish the effect that it has lead and treatment with EDTA ( ethylene diamine acetic acid ) on the capacity of lead translocation in maize plants. There are presented two cycles of vegetation on a Cambic chernozem soil polluted with two concentrations of Pb ( 1000 mg Pb∙kg -1 , 2000 mg Pb∙kg -1 ) and different contents of EDTA. Treatment with EDTA on a chernozem loaded with 1000 mg Pb/kg soil ( experiment I) did not affect plant growth and soil reaction in a molar ratio EDTA/Pb between 0.2 and 0.3 . Lower concentrations of EDTA are not typical for phytoextraction and higher concentrations had negative effects on plants . Treatment with EDTA on a chernozem loaded with 2000 mg Pb/kg soil ( experiment I I ) did not affect plant growth and soil reaction molar ratio of EDTA/Pb = 0.1 . Higher concentrations of EDTA had negative affects plants and high soil acidification after cycle after cycle II. EDTA capacity to increase the lead solubility in soil (chernozem) in the phytoextraction process without negative effects on maize, can be implemented as a practical solution only low and moderate polluted soils with lead (total lead concentration <1000 mg Pb/kg) EDTA can be applied every two years in a concentration expressed in molar ratio EDTA/Lead between 0.2 and 0.3. Phytoextraction method is not suitable for soils heavily polluted with lead, with a total lead content >1100 mg Pb/kg.

more abstract
soil pollution, lead, phytoextraction, Green House experiment.

Presentation: oral

Download

MINERAL FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE ON SOIL PH, CATIONIC EXCHANGE CAPACITY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT pag. 160-165

Isidora RADULOV, Adina BERBECEA, F. SALA, F. CRISTA, Alina LATO

Abstract Crop production capacity is greatly influenced by soil quality. Soil quality is determined by physical and chemical characteristics, some of which may or may not be economically controlled. Chemical characteristics that influenced soil quality are: soil reaction, exchange capacity, organic matter and essential plant nutrients content. In general if physical characteristics are satisfactory, chemical properties can be modify by adequate use of mineral fertilizers, manure, green manure plow downs and other organic additives. Improper fertilization contributes to soil infertility. Over-fertilization increases salinity in the soil and inhibits plant uptake for some nutrients. Under-fertilization fails to replace macro- and micro-nutrients previously removed by plants and environmental actions. A special importance should be given to the type of fertilizer to be applied . The aim of this paper is to monitories the changes of soil chemical properties like soil reaction, cationic exchange capacity, humus and N,P,K content after mineral fertilization. Researches in this area showed a significant correlations between the type and quantity of applied fertilizer and modification of main soil chemical features. Our research was made on cambic chernozem, with six fertilizer treatments (different N, P, K doses). In plots with nitrogen fertilization only nitrogen was applied as calcium ammonium nitrate, in plots with NPK fertilization complex fertilizer was used. After soil sample analysis the effect of treatments on soil pH, CEC and N,P,K content were tested using ANOVA method, and the significance of their correlations was made by Pearson correlation matrix. Results does not shows a decrease of pH value as shown by researches when nitrogen is applied as ammonium nitrate. The increase of the CEC value is not strongly influenced by soil pH and total nitrogen, being significantly influenced by phosphorus and potassium content of soil. To maintain a certain level of soil fertility is important to monitor the continuous changes that suffer its chemical properties after application of mineral fertilizers.

more abstract
: soil quality, fertility, soil chemical properties, fertilizers

Presentation: oral

Download

SOLUTE TRANSPORT, SWELLING AND SHRINKING IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS pag. 166-173

Gheorghe ROGOBETE, Adia GROZAV, Dorin ŢĂRĂU

Soil containing high concentrations of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium frequently produce distinct agricultural and management problems. Soluble salts in the Low Plain Aranca arise from the upward movement by capillarity from a high saline water table. Three mechanisms operate to transport solutes in soils: advection, diffusion and dispersion. Flow through the vadose zone requires study of saturated and unsaturated flow through variably saturated media. Solutes can interact strongly with soil surfaces and their transport can be appreciably slowed in a process known as retardation. Soils with high smectite content may also swell considerably more in the presence of high sodium and/or low salt concentrations. The study is based on a detailed soil survey effectuated in the hydrographical basin Aranca in order to achieve soil map and to take soil samples for the laboratory studies about solute transport and swelling-shrinking in salt-affected soils. There were studied 79 main soil profiles, from which 36 profiles are Fluvisols, 31 profiles are Vertisols, 8 profiles are Chernozems and Phaeozems, 2 profiles are Solonetz and 2 profiles are Gleysols. Because of their coarse or medium texture, in the case of Fluvisols, Chernozems, Phaeozems and Gleysols, solute transport was easily and the soluble salts are concentrated in the upper part of soil profile. A different situation is in Vertisols, which is a deep clayey soils, dominated by clay minerals such as smectites, that expand upon wetting and shrink upon drying. They form wide cracks from the soil surface when drying out. The water potential Φ in swelling systems is the sum of the gravitational potential with capillary and overburden potential. The overburden potential is related to the civil engineers' effective stress. Soil-solution-soil-matrix physicochemical interactions enhanced by dilute soil solution with relatively high sodium to calcium ratios, can affect the flow parameters considerably. The retardation caused by Na/Ca exchange increases with increasing SAR and decreasing C and h, especially in relatively fine-textured soils.

more abstract
soluble salt; clay; water; soil; transport

Presentation: oral

Download

METHODS FOR ASSESMENT OF SOIL EROSION pag. 174-179

Gheorghe ROGOBETE, Adia GROZAV

Excessive erosion can threaten the production of agricultural and forest products. Erosion may also have a negative impact of water streams and lakes. The main objectives of the study were to develop the methods for assessment of soil erosion, with an application in three territories from catchment area Bârzava. The first method is based on the detachment model and estimates the soil erosion with Trott’s equation, modified by Rogobete and Grozav. The new equation was obtained using a soil pan in order to study the effect of row-sideslope shape, rain energy, and rain intensity on interrill runoff and erosion. Left plot has uniform 20 % slope; right plot has curved complex-shaped surface. Soil detachment represents a major improvement in erosion modeling compared with that used in the Universal Soil Loss equation. A more rigorous framework is needed for studying and making further advances in predicting the detachment process. The theoretical framework is presented in a generalized form where assumptions can be challenged and the relationship modified and improved by future research. The amount of sediment production were calculated for 6 soil profiles, based on particle size analyses, humus content and Kaolinite and Smectite content. The greatest values were of Vertic Luvisols from Berzovia (18,53 t/ha) and Vertic Planosols (11,88 t/ha). The smallest values of sediment production was of Gleyic Fluvisols (5,05 t/ha) and of Eutric Gleysols (5,46 t/ha), soils which have had a great quantity of humus. Soil profile reconstitution was the second method used in order to establish the soil erosion phase. The values of the depth of horizons which were eroded varies between 2 cm and 45 cm with an amount of soil lost between 238 t/ha to 6435 t/ha. Maximum value was at Luvisols –eroded phase. Conservation measures in order to reduce soil erosion include contouring, strip cropping, conservation tillage, terraces, buffer strips, and use of polyacrylamide. One of the most effective means of reducing erosion is to maintain a vegetative or residue cover on the soil surface.

more abstract
erosion; predict; equation; soil; reconstitution

Presentation: oral

Download

ELEMENTS OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY WITH NITROGEN FERTILISATION IN WINTER WHET pag. 180-187

Florin SALA, Isidora RADULOV, M. BOLDEA, F. CRISTA, Adina BERBECEA

ABSTRACT. To calculate economically and technically optimal fertiliser rates, we frequently use the Mitscherlich-Baule function as a response of the crop to increasing fertiliser rates. Fertilisation has different thresholds of efficiency depending on a number of factors: in agricultural practice, there are situations in which, for economic or technical considerations, we cannot reach optimal fertiliser rates and fertilisation is sometimes even deficitary. Worldwide and in Romania, they are carrying on research in the field of optimising plant nutrition correlated with specific technical and economic factors. Relatively recently, there have also been researches aiming at establishing economically minimal fertiliser rates. Within the research we have carried out, we have taken into account the impact of the factor nitrogen on yield and on some technical and economic optimal elements in winter wheat. This approach is motivated by the fact that they frequently fertilise based on a single nutritious element – nitrogen – as a result of financial constraints. Previous research has allowed us to design a mathematical model for the establishment of the share of microelements of fertilisation of different crops. Unilateral nitrogen fertilisation is justified scientifically and efficient up to a certain level of consumption of nutritious elements as a specific plant nutrition requirement. Using as a mathematical instrument the monofactorial function (2 nd degree parabolic function) we have assessed the interdependence between fertiliser rates and yield, the correlation coefficient, maximum fertiliser rate technically and economically, maximum production, and optimal production. We have also assessed a few economic elements generated by the use of fertilisers, cost increase, income increase, benefit increase, as well as maximum benefit. With the fertiliser price of 0.8 Euro/kg of active substance nitrogen (present price), nitrogen fertilisation is profitable up to fertiliser rates of 65-70 kg/ha, a fertiliser rate at which the benefit is annulated by the cost increase. This level of fertilisation can be met frequently on many an agricultural exploitation. With the technical and economic conditions in which we have processed experimental data, optimal yield is 4,010.65 kg/ha that corresponds to a fertiliser rate of 151.24 kg of active substance nitrogen, while the maximum fertiliser rate is of 186.09 kg/ha of active substance nitrogen.

more abstract
nitrogen fertiliser, economic aspects, optimal fertiliser rates, economic optimum, provisional model

Presentation: oral

Download

YIELD PERFORMANCE, ECONOMICS AND SOIL FERTILITY THROUGH DIRECT AND RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NITROGEN AS SUBSTITUTE TO CHEMICAL FERTILIZER IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM pag. 188-192

Sanjay KOUSHAL, A. K. SHARMA, Amarjit Singh SODHI

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2006-07 and 2007-08 respectively at Jammu, (J&K) to study the direct and residual effects of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen in rice-wheat cropping system on yield performance, economics and soil fertility in sandy clay loam soil. Application of 100 % recommended dose of nitrogen from urea significantly influenced the yield and economics of rice in 1 st year of experiment. Whereas during the 2 nd year of experiment application of 50 % recommended dose of nitrogen from vermicompost and rest through chemical fertilizer (urea) produced significantly highest grain and straw yield of rice. However, gross return, net return and B: C ratio values were significantly highest in the plot which received 25 % N through vermicompost and rest through chemical fertilizer. During wheat season the plots received 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer produced significantly highest yield, gross return net return and B: C ratio which is significantly at par with 75 % of the recommended dose of fertilizer applied to wheat. So, substitution of chemical fertilizers through organic sources likes vermicompost and FYM by 50 % of recommended dose of nitrogen would be better proposition towards reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers in rice and 25 % in wheat. As for as soil fertility is concerned organic sources of nutrients applied to previous crop have edge over chemical fertilization in fertility build up, particularly organic carbon, total and available NPK. The application of 100 per cent nitrogen through vermicompost significantly increased the available N, P, K status of surface soil which was closely followed by that obtained with 100 per cent nitrogen through FYM. There was a buildup of organic carbon and reduction in bulk density in soil where 100 per cent organic sources of nutrients followed by 50 per cent were applied.

more abstract
rice, wheat, Vermicompost, FYM, inorganic fertilizer, econmics, yield

Presentation: oral

Download

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED USE OF FERTILIZER, FYM AND BIOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE ON SOYABEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L) MERILL) pag. 193-197

Sanjay KOUSHAL, Parbjeet SINGH, Amarjit Singh SODHI

A field experiment was conducted during 2006 – 2007 at Agriculture College Farm, Amritsar to study the impact of integrated nutrient management in soybean on residual fertility status of soil. It was observed that the maximum plant height of 16.89cm,65.78cm, and 73.37 cm at 30,60 and 90 DAS,the highest number of pods per plant (80.40) and heighest test weight(17.02g) was recorded in the treatment where 50 per cent recommended N applied through urea + 50 per cent Nthrough FYM +PSB and the lowest of these were found in the control treatment.

more abstract
Key words : Soybean, Integrated Nutrient Management, Residual fertility

Presentation: oral

Download

CONCENTRATION OF MAGNESIUM AND ITS UPTAKE BY ABOVEGROUND PHYTOMASS OF SPRING BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) GROWN UNDER DROUGHT STRESS CONDITION. pag. 198-205

Pavol SLAMKA, Martin KRČEK, Andrea GOLISOVÁ

Abstract : Effect of nitrogen rates (1.0 g, 2.0 g N per pot) on magnesium concentration and uptake of Mg by aboveground phytomass of spring barley (variety Kompakt) and grain yield was investigated in 3-year pot experiment. Plants were grown under optimum moisture regime and drought stress was induced during growth stage of tillering, shooting and earing, respectively. Before and after respective stress period the plants were grown under optimal water regime.Ageing of the plant cover caused a decrease of Mg concentration in dry matter of aboveground phytomass. Fertilization of barley by nitrogen reduced the magnesium concentration in dry matter in all investigated growth stages (except 1 g N at tillering) at optimum water regime in comparison with unfertilized control treatment. Under stress conditions the situation was quite different when N fertilization tended to increase Mg concentration in DM. In oposition to Mg concentration, uptake of Mg by aboveground phytomass was increasing by ageing of plant cover in both fertilized and unfertilized treatments with maximum in growth stage of earing. Fertilization with nitrogen increased amount of up-taken magnesium several times comparing to control treatment under optimum water regime. Drought stress adversaly influenced Mg uptake, especially in fertilized treatment, where it decreased by 25-50% in comparison to uptake by plants grown under optimal water regime.

more abstract
Key words: drought stress, nitrogen nutrition, growth stages, magnesium concentration, uptake of magnesium

Presentation: oral

Download

TILLAGE PRACTICES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SOUTH-WEST OF SLOVAKIA pag. 206-211

Jozef SMATANA, Milan MACÁK, Eva DEMJANOVÁ, Nora SMATANOVÁ

The field experiments was carried out over the period of 2004 - 2007 at the experimental farm Kalná nad Hronom in south-western Slovakia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of conventional and reduced tillage and management of organic matter on the soil physical characteristics . The sugar beet - spring barley – sunflower - winter wheat crop sequence was evaluated. The soil tillage treatments as follows: T1 - conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure application to sugar beet and incorporation of post harvested residues of spring barley and sunflower; T2 - convnentional mould board ploughing; T3 - no-till Horsch CONCORD CO 9. During June soil samples were taken from 0.05 - 0.10 m, 0.10 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.30 m. Total porosity, soil bulk density and soil moisture was evaluated. The differences between soil layer and crops growing in different years were ascertained. Evaluated tillage treatments have no statistical influence on total porosity and soil bulk density in an average of four years. No till treatment (T3) influenced the less infiltration rate of soil profile with comparison to mouldboard ploughing treatments. The soil bulk density was highly significantly influenced by weather condition, growing crops and residue management and significantly influenced by soil layer. The positive effect of FYM on total porosity was evaluated in 2004 during sugar beet phase of rotation in first and second soil layers 0.05 - 0.10 m (T1 47.47 %) and 0.10 - 0.20 m (46.93 %) which is in relationship with soil bulk density 1.266 t.m 3 and 1.279 t.m 3 in topsoil layers 0.5 - 0.20 m. Soil bulk density range from 1.361 - 1.52 t.m 3 , in an average. Average data of total porosity revealed the significant less total porosity in deeper soil layer 0.2 - 0.3 m (41.65 %) with comparison to top layer 0.05 - 0.10 m (44.5 %). Significantly less total porosity was created under canopy of sunflower (39.9 %) with comparison to sugar beet (43.3 %), spring barley (43.8 %) and winter wheat (45.1 %). In four year average results, the conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure form the most suitable soil environment (soil bulk density, total porosity and soil humidity retention), but we also recommended no-till for this specific area of Slovak region.

more abstract
conventional tillage, no-till, soil bulk density, total porosity, soil moisture, crop rotation

Presentation: oral

Download

RESEARCHES ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF MODERATE CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE REGARDING THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A RED PRELUVOSOL FROM BANU MĂRĂCINE AREA pag. 212-221

Venera Mihaela STROE, Monica STANCIU BURILEANU, Irina CALCIU, Iulia DAMIAN

Conservation tillage or moderat conservativ tillage, which leaves some or all of the residue from the previous crop on the soil surface, effectively protects the soil against erosion. Use of conservation tillage has other environmental implications as well, particularly for water quality, as the reduction in sediment and sediment-associated chemical losses; runoff is also less with conservation tillage, which can reduce losses of soluble or nonadsorbed chemical. This study presents influence of moderat conservativ agricultural technology, on physical and chemical soil properties, in Banu Mărăcine agricultural area, technologies that can protect and increase the soil fertility. The soil on which the expeditionary trials were conducted is a red preluvosol decarbonated, formed on loess deposits consisting of fine materials, clay, loam-clay. Over time (2000-2005), in the stationary perimeter were the study is conducted, were applied a conventional tillage; from 2006 were applied a moderately intensive technology, which led to satisfactory results of production, due to application of mineral fertilization, moderate to high doses of nitrogen and phosphorus and the optimal time of application to work. The soil samples were taken from the four soil profiles, from stationary perimeter, in two stages, in 2006, freshly worked field, after winter wheat crop emergence and after harvesting wheat crop in 2007. Were performed phisical and chemical laboratory analyses wich conducted to the conclusion that after moderat conservative technology were apllied , c ompactness, one of phisical indicator of the soil assessed by two parameters, density and degree of compaction, highlights the immediate negative residual effects of soil tillage, numerical values have been high in both stages, exceeding 18% v / v for compaction degree. This shows that anthropogenic compaction, induce by the conventional system, that were applied for many years in past, in the soil profile is present and very intense, so that makes it necessary to improve the physical conditions of the soil by applying scarification, as an immediate solution and also applying a moderat conservative tillage in the future. Water storage capacity, particularly those available is reduced, due to high fractions, determinated by the content of inactive fraction, by intense soil compactness, by low organic matter content in soil, therefore, measures are needed to improve agrotehnical measures, for physical properties improve and reserve storage capacity of water, especially those accessible to crops, not only by mechanical action, but also conservative tillage.

more abstract
fertility, soil, tillage, agriculture, conservative

Presentation: oral

Download

MULTIANNUAL EVOLUTION OF THE NUTRITION INDEX IN RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ANNUAL BALANCES pag. 222-225

Ciprian STROIA, Claire JOUANY, E. LECLOUX, Veronica SĂRĂŢEANU, M. STROIA, G.–G. ARSENE, Alina NEACŞU, Ramona ŞTEF

Nutrition index are used on a wide scale for the diagnsosis of the mineral nutrition of the grasslands and to facilitate the decisions regarding their fertilisation mode.In literature are available few data regarding the inter-annual evolution of the nutrition indexes in relationship with the cumulated mineral balances. The problems that are coming from are to find out the measure in that those indexes are able to provide piece of information on the evolution of the N and P supplies level in the case that the mineral balance is positive or in the case in that the mineral balance is negative. The experimental fields were set by the Orphée team (INRA Toulouse) on two grassland types different from the pedological and climatic point of view, placed in Ercé in Central Pyrenees in 1999 (0° east, 43° north) and in Gramond in Massif Central in 1998 (2° east, 44° north). There were applied four treatments: N 0 P 0 , N 0 P 1 , N 1 P 0 et N 1 P 1 ; where 0 is correaponding to a treatment wihout N or P input; 1 is correasponding to a variable input depending by year and P correasponds to a unique annual dose of 50 kg ha –1 . On the ensemble of the plots was provided an input of 400 kg ha –1 year –1 of K as KCl applied in every year to provide a non-limited potassium level. The results are showing that IN are able to provide pieces of information regarding the finish the nitrogen supply level under the influence of the balance cumulated in time. When the available P level is low, the IP nutrition indexes measured for P 0 treatments show that the level of the available P supplies are finishing when the cumulated balance I–O becomes negative. In some situations the cumulative effects haven’t diminished significantly the available P level from soil, the IP nutrition indexes being sensitive to the evolutions of P balance during time.

more abstract
nitrogen and phosphorus balance, nutrition index, grasslands fertilization

Presentation: oral

Download

RESEARCH ON ECOPEDOLOGICAL BASES OF SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE LOWER BASIN OF THE MURES RIVER pag. 226-234

Dorin ŢĂRĂU, L. NIŢĂ, D. DICU, Isidora RADULOV

The purpose of research is accumulating scientific data on the physical, chemical and microbiological soil characteristics, needed to develop a methodology for assessing the soil quality through a comprehensive approach of physical, geographical, climatical conditions from Aranca Plain. Between soil characteristics and the main cultivated or wild species can establish a diverse and complex relations of reciprocity. Thus soil characteristics can exert an influence on the development of root systems, mineral nutrition, insurance of water and temperature regime for the main physiological processes necessary to carry the plants, in turn acts both directly and indirectly on the state of soil fertility. Research on the main physical and chemical properties of soil were taken by many scientists in this country and abroad since the beginning of last century and the German classification system was designed mainly based on soil texture in phase of its evolution . As part of the soil, clay plays a role in the relations established between certain physical and chemical soil properties and between them and the activities of organisms that inhabit it. The research undertaken in recent years, by this group in collaboration with specialists from the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary, is a test of some aspects of establishing the link between physical-chemical components and microbiological activity for development of methodologies for analyzing soil microbial diversity in relation to its functions and quality or soil health. Physico-chemical properties of soil samples (texture, pH, humus and N,P,K content) and biochemical and microbial diversity of the samples were analyzed in the OSPA-USAMVB Timisoara Research Laboratory according with national norms and standards and in the laboratories of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged (the microbial activities diversity was evaluated by PCR-based of analysis of rRNA spacer intergenic-RISA). Knowledge of these special features of the soil presents a theoretical and practical importance. Theoretical, because it provides to expert the posibility to interpret the phenomena that occur in soil and to predict soil evolution in particular and environment in terms of present and future health and practicaly because warns as what action should be taken to bring optimum soil conditions for growth and development of plants. The importance, originality and timeliness of the paper is the necessity for protection of soil and environment and objectives of the project CBC HURO Development and evaluation through a comprehensive approach to the chemical - physical - microbiological of soil quality are: the accumulation of scientific data necessary to support the consevative technology of soils and sustainable management of soil and water resources and implementation of the conservative tillages and sustainable management of physical and geographical conditions of the Aranca Plain.

more abstract
biodiversity, cooperation;cohesion; durability; monitoring;

Presentation: oral

Download

RAPID DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN SOIL USING AN X-RAY FLUORESCENCE PORTABLE INSTRUMENT pag. 235-241

Mihaela ULMANU, Ildiko ANGER, Eugenia GAMENŢ, M. MIHALACHE, Georgiana PLOPEANU, L. ILIE

Contaminated soils present a major global health problem especially in urban areas with dense population. The common contaminants of soil are heavy metals. Research investigating the risk assessment procedures adopted in different EU member states, suggests that there needs to be greater standardization in the methods of assessing risks from contaminated soils. For risk-assessment studies and follow-up remediation projects is necessary to perform numerous analyses to determine the concentration of metal contaminants. To minimize the need for laboratory analysis of soil samples, the XRF - technology can be used for screening the metal contamination in soil, with significant advantages. This method provided significant accuracy and well documented to support field decision making with reduced overall costs. The new generation of portable XRF instruments is equipped with miniatures X-ray tubes in order to reduce the regulatory demands encountered with radioactive isotopes.The goal of this experiment was to complete the data obtained in the preliminary tests, by observing the correlation between XRF results and laboratory analysis data in heavy metal determination. Soil samples were collected from an old metallurgical industrial area, situated in the vicinity of Bucharest, Romania. The X-ray tube based sources offer a faster analytical time because the X-ray flux can be higher than most isotope based sources. They can also be used over a wider range of excitation energies, eliminating the need for multiple isotope sources to produce X-ray over the entire excitation spectrum. The collected samples were XRF measured, then dried in air, XRF measured, sieved through the 2 mm sieve to remove non-soil particles and XRF measured again. The samples were homogenized and passed through the 200 microns sieve and XRF measured. After XRF determination, these fine samples were laboratory analized (XRF analysis being nondestructive). The XRF results are presented comparatively with laboratory analysis data. From these results is evident that the soil particle size have no important influence upon the XRF data, an important factor appears to be the metal concentration in soil. The results confirm the influence of metal concentration in soil upon the XRF data, smaller is metal concentration in soil sample, higher are the difference between XRF and laboratory analysis results. In all samples laboratory results are many times smaller than XRF data, in chromium and cobalt determination. Best correlation was obtained in lead and manganese determination.

more abstract
heavy metals, soil, portable X-ray fluorescence instrument

Presentation: oral

Download

CONTENTS AND PROPORTIONS OF DIFFERENT CARBON AND NITROGEN FORMS IN SOME SOIL TYPES OF HUNGARY pag. 242-248

Imre VÁGÓ, Ágnes OLÁH ZSUPOSNÉ, Bettina EICHLER-LÖBERMANN, János KÁTAI

A considerable proportion of the soil’s carbon and nitrogen content can be found in the form of organic materials. But, by evaluating the nutrient supply of plants, the directly available inorganic nutrients are of primary importance. As a result of the decomposition and mineralization of different organic compounds, nutrients become available for the plants. The amount of carbon and nitrogen forms in the soils changes considerably during the decomposition of organic compounds. The transformation of the two elements is closely related, since the decomposition of organic materials has a significant effect on both. To get a better knowledge on the nutrient supply of the different soils, the amount of some carbon and nitrogen forms were examined in 12 extremely different soil types collected from different sites of eastern part of Hungary. The analysis of the soils’ carbon content and the amount of specific carbon forms is necessary because the transformation of carbon compounds is related to the nitrogen cycle, which has primary importance in the nutrient supply of plants. That is why we have to measure the different forms of carbon and nitrogen in soils. The total carbon and total nitrogen content of the soils examined was measured by an ELEMENTAR VARIO EL CNS analyser (Hanau, FRG). The organic carbon content was measured according to Tyurin with destruction method. The amounts of organic compounds, which potentially can be easily decomposed, and two of the most important nitrogen containing ions were measured also after an extraction by 0.01 M/dm 3 CaCl 2 solution. After our research hypothesis they may correspond to the part of the total amount of organic compounds which potentially easily mineralise. Therefore, they may play an important role in the available nutrient supply of the different soil types as well as in plant nutrition.

more abstract
carbon and nitrogen forms of soils, plant nutrition

Presentation: oral

Download

SOIL PHYSICAL QUALITY AS QUANTIFIED BY S INDEX AND HIDROPHYSICAL INDICES OF SOME SOILS FROM ARGEŞ HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN pag. 249-256

Olga Petruta VIZITIU, Irina CALCIU, Ioana PĂNOIU, Catalin SIMOTA

This paper presents the soil water retention curves determined on two soil types from hydrographic basin of Arges River: P1 - Eutricambisol tipic, P2 - Vertisol stagni-pellic. Undisturbed soil cylinders were sampled on the genetic horizon depths characteristic for each soil type. The soil water retention curves were measured in the laboratory using standard equipment for retention measurements supplied by the Dutch Eijkelkamp company. The principle of the method is based on the determination of the soil water content corresponding to a certain level of water suction applied. By applying the Solver Microsoft Office Excel program the measured values of the water content from soil water retention curves were used to estimate the parameters of the van Genuchten equation which were later used to estimate the soil water retention curves and the main hidrophysical indices: field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and plant available water (PAW). The obtained results have illustrated the evident similitude between the estimated soil water retention curves from the van Genuchten equation and the measured soil water retention curves in the laboratory. Then the S index for agricultural soil physical quality was estimated using also the parameters of the van Genuchten equation. The S index is defined, in terms of the van Genuchten parameters, as the slope of the water retention curve in its inflection point. The estimated values of S have showed that the soil with more equilibrate medium texture (soil profile P1) has higher values of the S index for estimation of the soil physical quality as compared with the clayey heavy textured soil (soil profile P2). Consequently, the soil Eutricambisol tipic (P1) has a higher soil physical quality then the soil Vertisol stagni-pellic (P2). The good physical condition of the medium textured soil (soil profile P1) as quantified by S index is associated with an increase of the water storage capacity of the investigated soils. Moreover, the shape of the soil water retention curves of the soil Vertisol stagni-pellic (P2) illustrates that this soil presents the degradation processes of its physical condition.

more abstract
soil water retention curve, soil physical quality, S index, van Genuchten equation, hidrophysical indices

Presentation: oral

Download

RESEARCH ON THE BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, SPREAD AND ECONOMIC ROLE OF THE SPECIES CASTANEA SATIVA IN THE MID-NORTH-EAST OF (TIMIS DEPARTMENT) pag. 259-268

Simion Daniel BISTREAN, I. BORZA, G.-G. ARSENE, Adriana AVRAM

In this paper we approach an issue of importance in ecological caracteristics related to the dynamics of plant species Castanea sativa in the Gladna Română, Tomeşti, Coşteiul de Sus şi Sinteşti area (Timis County). The area under study covers 225 km 2 if we take into account all the 4 stage by species Castanea sativa. In the study of the flora we used the two steps – field and lab – and phyto-coenologic research in the area are based on the principles of the Central-European floristic school with broad application in the study of the vegetal cover in Europe and applied for the first time in Romania by Borza (1984). As a result of the study on the sampling areas we managed to inventory the superior plant species on the areas and the characteristics of the flora and vegetation (number of families, number of species, height of the vegetal cover, stratification, and mosaic-like configuration), and phyto-geographical, biological, ecological, and economic indices. In this paper we also refer to the evolving trends of the phyto-coenoses, the changes it undergoes, its dynamics, and man-made activities

more abstract
Valorising fallows in the Gladna Română, Tomeşti, Coşteiul de Sus şi Sinteşti, specific biodiversity, the ecology restauration, flora and vegetation.

Presentation: oral

Download

MONITORING OF THE SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SUSTENABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 269-274

Floarea Maria BREBU, Alina Corina BĂLĂ

Strong economy has resulted in the construction of imposing constructions. Many of special buildings (cooling towers, dams, nuclear, etc.) require special attention in terms of data quality service without danger, through time, monitoring the movements and deformations of buildings or their components. In the context of urban development registered in Romania over the past 10 years, with the realisation of some of power construction as volume and design, we can affirm the great importance that it is necessary to done at the track of the behaviour in time of these buildings. Through continuous collaboration of the engineering branches of, the construction activity it is correlated and completed very often completed with the adoption and application of some geodetic methods and technologies that are coming to record, to process and to represent the behaviour of the buildings subject to different perturbation factors. The progresses made in the last years in geodesy and topography fields have seen a giant step by implementing modern surveying technology and surveying methods adapted in the civil engineering at the to track of the behaviour in time some objectives importance . Engineering structures (such as dams, bridges, high rise buildings, etc.) are subject to deformation due to factors such as changes of ground water level, tidal phenomena, tectonic phenomena, etc. Cost is more than offset by savings and by improvements in safety both during and after constructions. As a result, the design, execution and analysis of such surveys are a matter of considerable practical importance. Deformation refers to the changes of a deformable body (natural or man-made objects) undergoes in its shapes, dimension and position. Therefore it is important to measure this movements for the purpose of safety assessment and as well as preventing any disaster in the future. The advantage of a real prognosis determination is the fact that in time the investments in these types of areas can be made on time and with maximum efficiency. Practice has demonstrated that by using 3D modeling and the analysis of the movements of the areas located in mining areas, the experts in the field have better tools to perform a good prognosis in time and a good monitoring in time of the techniques used for land protection and for the protection of the existing constructions in the affected areas

more abstract
monitoring, construction, 3D modeling, leveling, movement, deformation, laser scanning

Presentation: oral

Download

PROCESSES OF SOIL DEGRADATION AND LIMITATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE UPPER BASIN OF BEGA RIVER pag. 275-282

Loredana COPĂCEAN, Iacob BORZA

In the context of conserving and enhancing soil fertility, a detailed analysis of their degradation processes is required, one that must identified the limiting and restrictive factors of the agricultural productivity, their level of intensity and the area of land affected by their action . This analysis provides an overview of soil degradation processes, and also provides the details necessary to intervene later, using preventive or ameliorative measures. Based on soil studies, prepared by the Office for Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, there was calculated the agricultural surface in the upper basin of the river Bega, To identify soil degradation processes in the upper basin of Bega river, ecopedological indicator included in the Elaboration Methodology of Pedological Studies (Vol. III), were used. Based on these indicators, soil characteristics have been established and also the environmental factors leading to land degradation and low production capacity.The soils that were identified in the upper basin of Bega river represents the result of the joint action of pedogenetical factors (climate, relief, lithology, vegetation, hydrology) . The variety of these factors, at the scale of the researched area, led to a number of peculiarities in the processes of soil formation and evolution. In a wetter climate, under deciduous forest vegetation, on different parental materials and mineralogical composition, on a generally waved relief, soil formation took on different aspects . The production capacity of the land from Bega Upper Basin is diminished by the degradation processes caused either by some of their properties or by environmental factors. Due to the natural conditions of the studied perimeter - mountain and piedmont areas - areas of land are affected in varying proportions by the limiting factors, Soils are subjected to the action of one or more limiting factors. In Bega Upper Basin, the largest land areas are affected by low reserves of humus, unevenness of the terrain, slope and soil reaction. The studied area studied is located in the mountains and foothills of this basin.

more abstract
soil, degradation, productivitty

Presentation: oral

Download

POSIBILITIES OF REALISATION OF THE MINOR CONTROL NETWORK WITH GNSS TEHNOLOGY IN THE OCCUPYED AREAS WITH FOREST VEGETATION IN MOUNTAIN AREAS pag. 283-291

Gheorghe CRAINIC, Vasilica Laura DAMIAN, Mihaela SPILCA

Posibilities of realisation of the minor control network with GNSS tehnology in the occupyed areas with forest vegetation in mountain areas is characterized by a number of issues, due to the same technologies as the configuration of land and work. Lack of mutual visibility between control points or loss related signals geodetic points placed in areas with forest vegetation cover in mountain areas, make it impossible or significantly reduce the possibility of realisation the minor control point, using conventional technology for this purpose only. For minor control networks realisation of the mountain forest sector can use GNSS technology to register their observations using the geodetic receivers with single or dual frequency (L1, L1L2), and for processing, specialized computer systems, which allow you to obtain final coordinate in the national reference system and a report complex data processing. In relation to existing facilities can apply various methods of registering data, adapted working conditions of the particular mountain area. Working method for achieving network dedicated with GNSS technology is relatively static and can be done and fast static version, if vector length does not exceed 4-5 km. To obtain the final coordinates in the national reference system transformation parameters are required. Usually these are used to obtain common geodetic points (points known in both coordinate reference systems) found in the work area to obtain results with high precision. In the mountains geodesic points are located at a density appropriate, taking account of the geometric triangulation related networks, is relatively well preserved, presenting normal the technical conditions. Determination of transformation parameters is usually done using traditional static positioning method and positioning points of the minor control network is done by fast static method. Considering the practical needs that commercial forestry in the mountain area of forest management activities, is essential for complex Topo-Cadastral works, which is based on the existence of a complex minor cotrol network of the details. To streamline these activities in the sector terrestrial measurements, is it necessary to implement modern technologies for collecting and processing data and that proper management of various final products obtained.

more abstract
forestry vegetation, mountain area, GNSS technology, calculation system, coordinate transformation, geodetic points, dense network, detail point

Presentation: oral

Download

ISSUES RELATING TO THE PROCESSING OF GPS VECTOR AS A NETWORK TRILATERATION USING COMPUTER SYSTEMS TRIMBLE TOTAL CONTROL AND TOPOSYS pag. 292-300

Gheorghe CRAINIC, Vasilica Laura DAMIAN, Mihaela SPILCA

Using modern technology dense works currently trigonometrical control network, offers several advantages, because data collection methods and respectively their processing systems. The work explores the possibility of GPS vector processing, register with the network trilateration GNSS technology, thus representing an alternative process, verification of those registration and the results obtained by other methods of calculation. Working methods are based on the use of GNSS technology for registration data and systems Trimble Total Control and TopoSys for processing those in order to simulate two variants of determining the points spacial positioned. Getting the final details in the national reference system for the processed points as trilateration network is realised through indirect measurements method. To analyze the differences of coordinates corresponding processed points as trilateration network and respectively as vector network was used a statistical test Dwass Steel. Using two different types of data processing registered with GNSS technology offers the possibility to optimize work process and respectively checking the solutions obtained. Processing data recorded as network trilateration needs a minimum of four control points from the trigonometrical control network related work area, determined in both reference systems, which will be used to produce elements of transformation and implicitly to obtain the final coordinates, in the national reference system. As a practical importance, this method does not require advance knowledge of national transformation parameters, area or local issue that has direct implications on the positioning accuracy spatial determinated points. The accuracy of determining the vectors and implicitly the points position can be analyzed efficiently if the GPS vector processing trilateration network of data processing report where they are presented in detail. Data processing computer systems specialist, offers the opportunity to efficiency the work process, the results obtained by different variants of calculation can be compared, some processing errors in this situation can be detected relatively easy. Because this calculation possibility involves the existence of efficient logistics, there is currently a restraint regarding the use in parallel of some computing system performance to ensure verification solutions obtained.

more abstract
triangulation, calcul systems, primary coordinate, final coordinate, coordinate transformation, transformation parameters, coordinate differences

Presentation: oral

Download

EVOLUTION OF THE ECOPEDOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CAMBIC CHERNOZEM FROM VINGA HIGH PLAIN IN CONSERVATIVE AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SYSTEMS pag. 301-308

Daniel Dorin DICU, Dorin ŢĂRAU, Iacob BORZA

The research made is falling on the line to develop an sustainable agricultural system, responding to local requirements for establishing a scientific database necessary for the development of technology and measures of agroecosystems integrated management. Conservative systems are based on less intensive loosening soil through different methods without return and only furrow the soil surface while maintaining a certain amount of plant debris, often seen as environmental protection strategies. The system of soil conservation means any soil work that lets you keep debris on the soil surface or near surface and / or maintenance of granular soil surface to reduce soil erosion and improved water relations with soil. The passing to no-till cultivation system radically changes the content of technological elements, that simplifies the technology by the suppression of soil work, so the impact on the agricultural ecosystem is different from that of conventional technology, first decreases the pressure on agricultural ecosystem and on the other apear new interactions, new disrupt the new balance or imbalances. The research made in the world concerning no-till technology get some information about the implications of this system of agricultural cultivation on the environment, showed that the impact varies from one area to another, depending on climatic and soil conditions encountered, agricultural management. The researches regarding the evolution of the agro-ecosystems quality and productivity from the Vinga High Plain in the no-till crop system tries to highlight the quality and quantity changes emerged in the agricultural ecosystem. The aim of the research carried out has its origins in the current scientific and practical concerns increasingly to identify and put in place of a system of tillage, agronomic efficient, low energy and financial cost, environmental and soil conservation, to replace the classic system. There are presented some aspects regarding the physical-geographical characterization necessary for the experimental field localization. Here are briefly introduced the geology and lithology of surface materials, clime conditions, land drainage etc., as defining elements for edaphic resources’ main characteristics. To determine physical, chemical and biological properties of cambic chernozem from Aradul Nou more samples were collected in both natural settlement (to determine the bulk density, total porosity, compactation degree) and in disturbed settlement (to determine other propertie s). Also, regarding the soil conditions have been determined the defining characteristics for the ecosystems productivity, granulated structure and humus content. In close relation with the first two aspects have been established the main physical, chemical and biological properties of the cambic chernozem from Aradul Nou. In order to determine the complex relation that take place between different soil characteristics and agro-ecosystems components, the researches were conducted both on field and laboratory.

more abstract
physical, chemical, conservative, conventional, tillage

Presentation: oral

Download

DESIGN OF BIO-ORGANIC FARMS pag. 309-314

Ana Mariana DINCU, L. SAMBOTIN, Ramona CIOLAC, R. GHERMAN, Dana SAMBOTIN

Although organic farming is still an industry shortage, its importance in the agricultural sector has grown into a large number of countries with different development levels. In some developed countries, organic agriculture is an important segment of the agro-food (such as 10% in Austria and 7.8% in Switzerland), and in many other countries organic agriculture is growing more than 20% annually (the example in the USA, France, Japan, Singapore). A number of developing countries within small markets organic products (Egypt) and others have begun to explore the export opportunities offered by organic agriculture (eg exports of Mexican coffee and cotton in Uganda). In villages, where peasants from their land when they know the country, agriculture is still poorly integrated market economy. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), the country's agricultural area is 14.7 million hectares, representing 61.7% of Romania. Each incumbent Romanian 0.42 hectares of arable land, which is almost double the European average. Therefore, Romania is among countries with high agricultural potential. However in many regions, however, people cultivate land just to have something put on the table. In recent years, people have been talking about organic farming, a new trend in plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Organic farming does not make good home with the conventional, but differs fundamentally from the latter. The role of agriculture practiced in organic food production is clean, suitable for human metabolism and in full accord with nature. Many people complain that tomatoes and apples they buy from the market no longer have the taste of old and sometimes does not taste at all. Organic farming comes practically to solve this problem: to give the world food with authentic taste and quality. Pesticides are totally banned and genetically modified organisms are boycotted from the start. Bio-organic agriculture does not exclude, but requires the use of advanced equipment and technology, modern. To obtain bio-organic agricultural products, equipment and technologies must be more sophisticated, more developed and more adapted to the requirements of environmental protection and that of obtaining healthy products. A bio-organic farm will have a better chance to become sustainable if it will become multifunctional. In addition work will be to develop production and the processing and marketing is not. But equally important is it to develop and agro-tourism, so as to obtain additional income.

more abstract
bio-organic farm, producers, agriculture, products, design

Presentation: oral

Download

STUDIES ON THE DYNAMICS OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN WEST REGION 5 pag. 315-319

Ana Mariana DINCU, Ioana BĂLAN, Ramona CIOLAC, R. GHERMAN, Silvia BOBAN

Specific agricultural production showed very different dynamics, both sector (plant and animal) and the regional profile, depending on the diversity of agro-climatic suitability, and the utilization of production factors. The structure of cultivated areas is a technical indicator of the major influences on economic performance and reflect the share that each culture deals with arable land. It does not take random values, but must be directed strictly according to the demand for food products shown on the agricultural products market. Lowland area of Timis county is occupied by the Western Plain. This is the second largest pool of grain production after the Romanian Plain and the Lower Danube. The structure of grain growing areas have 70-75% share, well above normal values. Typically grain must not exceed the maximum weight of two thirds of the arable land. Among cereal grains, namely wheat, barley, barley, rye and oats together have 40-50% share. Local climatic conditions offer many possibilities for agricultural development. Natural landscape is favorable most types of specific crops and continental temperate zone as a consequence of the West region has extensive agricultural land, Arad and Timis counties topping, in this respect among the first in the country. Cereals is one of the oldest and most important agricultural activity in Arad and Timis counties, which have the largest areas of arable. Romanian agricultural production in general, including the west of the country, turned to grain production, not to put too much problem recovery products. Farmer has no means of production, so that technological support has been achieved and is still performed in the services system. In 2008, global agricultural production calculated in current prices was 2,415,821 thousand. Of that total global production plant is 1,708,457 thousand, which meant 70, 7% of total world production was 674 351 Animal thousand, respectively 27, 9%, and the difference, ie 1.4% is represented by various services of the agriculture holdings. Structure of gross agricultural production in an angrarian economy healthy, normally should take the following value: 48-55% global production plant, animal production 45-52% overall, Romania is still far from these value. We could say that we have developed an agricultural production sector in the Western states of Europe, wehre animal production will exceed the overall 50% share of total gross agricultural production structure.

more abstract
crop production, area, dynamic, culture, agriculture, surface

Presentation: oral

Download

EFFICACY OF LIQUID ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS WITH HUMATES EXTRACTED FROM LIGNITE ON LEAF FERTILIZATION OF CROPS IN THE VEGETATION PERIOD pag. 320-326

Aurel DORNEANU, Mihail DUMITRU, Constantin PREDA, Iulia ANTON, Lazar BIREESCU, Iacob BORZA, Mihai RUSU

Knowledge achieved on properties of humic acids and their importance in defining the multiple features of soils and plant nutrition, for a long time ago, to the idea of using the low-grade coals (lignite, leonardite) which contain high amounts of humic acids as organo-mineral fertilizers. Currently, in many countries like United States, Japan, China, Israel, Spain, Russia, there are many units which produce humic fertilizers at an industrial level. Taking into consideration the fact that these fertilizers are applied on increasing areas using technologies developed for improving plant nutrition under environmental protection conditions, it is possible to estimate that fertilization with humic fertilizers develops as a new strategy with global features. The production of humic fertilizers with humic acids extracted from lignite is justified because in Romania there are some large coal mining exploitations especially in the Oltenia region, which supply coal suitable for producing such fertilizers. In Romania, which available reserves on lignite a class of liquid fertilizers composed of humic acids in potassium humate form mixed with various mineral salts was developed under the generic name of FERTHUM. In this paper are presented the features of these fertilizers, their fertilizing effects on plant nutrition and soil fertility improvement, as well as the estimation of their usage on large areas in Romanian agriculture.

more abstract
potassium lignite, humic acids, lignite, liquid Fertilizers

Presentation: oral

Download

CONSIDERATION UPON INCREMENT OF SESSILE OAK AND EUROPEAN BEECH MIXED STAND FROM THE MIDDLE WATERSHED OF CRISUL REPEDE RIVER pag. 327-335

Sorin DOROG

With regards to growths a high variability of trunk distribution is observed due mainly to the factors which act on the cambial tissue. The factors which decisive influence formation of annual rings are: stational and climatic factors, phytocenotic position of the tree, development possibilities of the crown and last but not least the applied sylvotechnical measures. The variability of height growths is mainly due to trees competition towards light precisely the high frequency of trees with superior growths in heights. This way a height growths distribution appears with an asymmetry on the right side which becomes more present as the light competition grows. The variation coefficients of height growths have inferior values to the ones of diameter growths, a fact which can be explained because of the correlative connections between diameter and height growth. Volume growth variability is higher than radial and height growth variability. Growths in volume, if the whole stand is taken into account, are mainly determined by trees with a diameter above the medium value, which are well established in the stand and their coenotic positions allow them to accumulate the most. The work presents interesting information about the conversion of the increment cores extracted with Pressler`s borer and obtaining the size of the annual rings. The research purpose is subordinated to a larger theme which pursued biometrical and auxological determinations in order to establish growth and productivity of mixed sessile oak and European beech stands from the middle basin of Crisul Repede river. Concerning the research stages, there are medium results at national level regarding growths and productivity of the stands comprised in production charts elaborated for pure and even-aged stands, values which most of the times do not correspond to field facts, these having a purely orientative character. The counting which takes place in tested areas of 2500 sqrt was used as a method and the studied stands and computer software’s used for the conversion of data were used as material of study. The work has innovative character because it shows new results concerning wood quantity accumulations and also the variations of these volumes in ratio with exhibitions and species proportions from the mixture of trees, which can be successfully used by the forest department for the increasing of stand productivity.

more abstract
increment, stands, productivity, sessile oak, European beech

Presentation: oral

Download

LAND USE DYNAMICS AND PLANNING IN THE CENTRAL ALBANIA USING GIS APPLICATION pag. 336-342

Lefteri DUSHAJ, Fatbardh SALLAKU, Etleva JOJIC, Bujar HUQI, Shkelqim FORTUZI, Majlinda BELEKU

Upon the demise of socialism in 1991 Albania implanted a radical land reform, redistributing formerly collective land on an equal per capita basis, leading to drastic changes in land use. The consequences of this transition for the post socialist rural landscapes in Albania are examined in this paper. A village-level survey was conducted to analyze household resources and constraints. The survey was then integrated with data derived from satellite image interpretation and geographic information systems to develop a statistical model of two key land use changes of interest: the abandonment of cropland and forest-cover loss. Findings indicate that cropland is more likely to be abandoned further away from populated places, the national road network, and in villages with a lower household density. Land fragmentation is associated with greater abandonment in the later stages of transition. Forest loss occurs predominantly around the populated places in the period immediately following the collapse of socialism, and occurred in more remote areas within the last decade. New spatio-social partitions are emerging in the landscape, as land users abandon land to seek new opportunities, shift to more profitable market-oriented agriculture, or revert to subsistence strategies in the most marginal areas. Land-use and land-cover change are research aspects that are of global, regional as well as local importance. Examples for global significance are the carbon sequestration potential of soils and the biomass. Regional importance has, for example, the vegetation cover of particularly sloping land due to potential downstream damages caused by sedimentation of upstream topsoil erosion. Locally important are the income generating possibilities of the land, most importantly in rural areas from crop and livestock production. This paper assesses the recent developments in land-cover modifications and land-cover changes in Southeastern Albania with an emphasis on regional and local determinants of land-cover changes including a qualitative discussion of the potential impacts on environmental and socioeconomic development. To derive the state of and the changes in land cover changes satellite images area interpreted for three points in time. The spatially explicit land-cover data is linked to village data derived from a quantitative village survey, and to various indicators derived from geographic information systems (GIS).

more abstract
Land use planning, land suitability, land use, land use change

Presentation: oral

Download

DETERMINATION OF THE RADIATION FROM THE WASTE OF RAW MATERIAL IN SOME INDUSTRIAL COMPOUNDS IN KOSOVO pag. 343-350

Fadil HASANI, Fatbardh SALLAKU, Mustafë BYTYÇI, Konstadin DOLLANI, Sehad KADIRI, Mira KARAJANI

In the paper there are presented the outcomes of determining the radiation of some remaining of radionuclide from raw material in the technologic aspect (TENORM-Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials),in some industrial plants in Kosovo, particularly in Feronikel and Power Plant Kosova-B. On-site measurements were carried out by detectors: Gamma Spectrometer Gr-130; Inspector–EXP-Radiation Alert, Spectrometer- TA-PUG-7A as well as Gamma monitor- SGM-29-246. Samples were taken at the above-mentioned locations and they were treated in the physic-chemical aspect at the Centre for Applied Nuclear Physics in Tirana. On-site measurements, respectively at the centers: Feronikel-Drenas, Trepçë – Mitrovica and TEC (PP) – Obiliq show that the level of annual radiation is around the interval from 75.45 nSv/h to the values 289.54 nSv/h. By spectrometric analysis conducted at the Centre for Applied Nuclear Physics in Tirana, the following radionuclide and its radiation concentration, expressed in Bq/kg: Waste from the convertor of industrial compound Feronikel – Drenas. Radioactive elements and their concentration (Bq/kg) :K–40--37 + 7 Bq/kg; Ra–226--17 + 4 Bq/kg; Ra–228--6 + 1 Bq/kg; Th–228--5 + 1; Th–232--5 + 1 Bq/kg; U–238 --10 + 3Bq/kg. Waste from phosphogypsum, industrial compound Trepça –Mitrovica. K-40--10 + 3 Bq/kg; Ra–226-- 230 + 30 Bq/kg; Ra –228--5+ 1Bq/kg; Th –228--5 + 1Bq/kg; Th–232-- 5 + 1 Bq/kg; U–238-- 30 + 5Bq/kg Ash waste from the Power Plant Kosova B- Obiliq- radioactive elements and concentration (Bq/kg) K–40 -- 150 + 15 Bq/kg; Ra–226 -- 40 + 10 Bq/kg; Ra–228 -- 20 + 2Bq/kg; Th–228--20 +2;Th–232-- 20 + 2 Bq/kg; U–238-- 25 + 5 Bq/kg. Based on the outcomes of measurements, it can be concluded that in two locations Feronikel-Drenas and PP – Obiliq the level is lower than the average of the natural background (200-250 nSv/Yr). Whereas in the location of Trepça-Mitrovica there are higher values and this is an indication that it requires a further and detailed study approach. After the final assessment we will conclude whether such waste can be used in practice for various needs. It will be concluded that what is the risk introduced by such waste in the aspect of radioactive contamination of living environment.

more abstract
Radioactive, Radiation, Cconcentration, Norm, Tenorm

Presentation: oral

Download

POSSIBLE EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL ON BORDER AREAS pag. 351-357

Carmen GRECEA, S. I. HERBAN, C. C. MUŞAT

The cross-border co-operation projects - as parts of the European territorial c0-operation objective are implemented through operational programmes focusing on the European Union's internal borders, covering primarily the following areas: The development of cross-border economic, social, environmental activities through joint strategies for suatainable territorial development Strengthening of transnational co-operation through actions related to Community priorities and promoting integrated territorial development reinforcement of effectiveness of regional policy by promoting inter-regional co-operation, through exchange of experience at appropriate territorial level The eligible border area for this possible programme covers the South-Eastern part of Hungary and the Western part of Romania, implying Csongrad County in Hungary and Timis County in Romania, exhibit fairly similar economic and social situation in general. The differences in the national regulations, funding mechanisms and rates hinder a more active co-operation in this field. Given that the potential exists, we consider that it would be useful to implement a small scale project of pilot nature - for the beginning, which than could be mainstreamed and applied on a much wider basis. The area is rich in varoius natural values. With regard to the major economic sectors, agriculture and food industry play a key role in the economy of the entire area. As a result of availability of a wide range of natural resources, the Romanian side of the area is characterized by a more diversified (and industrialized) economic structure. Geospatial Information related to efficient mathematical support can provide data at different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions for agriculture and crop assesment, crop health, change detection, environment analysis, irrigated landscape mapping, yield determination and soils analysis. Once data has been collected it can be implemented into a mapping environment such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for management and control of agricultural resourses. Imagery acquired by airborne or satellite sensors provides an important source of information for mapping and monitoring the natural and manmade features on the land surface.

more abstract
border, satellite, sensor, remote sensing, spectral, geo-reference, euro-region, crop, vegetation, map, sustainable development

Presentation: oral

Download

DAM MONITORYING - A MODERN METHOD IN ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING pag. 358-361

Maria Roberta GRIDAN, Alina Corina BALA, Carmen GRECEA

Environmental protection, as a relationship of mankind with nature, has evolved in time, as on the awareness of the anthropic activities, with irreversible effects and with dramatic consequences on the modified natural environment. Nothing is static. Buildings and dams settle, bridges flex and vibrate, rock masses shift, mud slides, glaciers flow and volcanoes erupt. Whether by human activity such as mining or by natural processes such as erosion, the world in which we live is continually changing. Management of this change is essential for social and economic advancement. Failure of a bridge can isolate communities and restrict commerce. A landslide can cause financial and human loss, stop mining operations and even impact world mineral prices. Economies and our daily lives are dependent upon the health of bridges, dams, tunnels, elevated road systems, dams, mines and high-rise buildings. Engineers, geologists and other professional are trusted to prevent such disasters. Whether you monitor the movement of a volcanic slope, the structure of a long bridge or track the settlement of a dam; whether you measure, analyze and manage the structures of natural or man-made objects: the monitoring systems provide you with the right solution for every application. Advanced data processing algorithms, together with powerful event management systems ensure that maximum benefit is derived from the measurement information provided by the instruments. Topographic and cadastral measurements have a special importance in the environmental protection research, especially for monitoring the effects of nature’s geometrical modifications. Dam monitoring has special importance because through a proper monitoring can be prevented unwanted events, that can be transformed in real social, economical, ecological disasters and therewith partially the design, execution and even exploitation errors effects can be removed. The surveying measurements made at Petrimanu dam have the porpoise to determinate the horizontal and vertical displacements of the marks, regarding environment protection.

more abstract
environment, sustainability, monitoring, dam, surveying, risk.

Presentation: oral

Download

ROMANIAN ROAD NETWORK AND GIS, A NECESSITY TO ENGENDERING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT pag. 362-367

Sorin Ioan HERBAN, C. C. MUSAT, Carmen GRECEA

Making decisions based on geography is basic to human thinking. Where shall we go, what will it be like, and what shall we do when we get there are applied to the simple event of going to the store or to the major event of launching a bathysphere into the ocean's depths. By understanding geography and people's relationship to location, we can make informed decisions about the way we live on our planet. A geographic information system (GIS) is a technological tool for comprehending geography and making intelligent decisions.In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial database technology are fast spreading across the tight circles of experts, working in the fields of geodesy and geography. In the first wave, GIS functions have been built into engineering applications, which were not just GIS cantered (as for example road design, emission calculation, building site-plan, environmental management etc.). The use has been accelerated through the component technology, which simplifies the insertion of GIS components into a variety of applications-including administration. We describe the need of creating and upgrading of the information system for Romanian road administration: basic application user interfaces were enriched with a specialized GIS component, which enables a fast and clear (geo) graphical view of the data about the selected part of the road network.Sustainable development is the balance of meeting humankind's present needs while protecting the environment to ensure the fulfi llment of future generations' needs. The growing human population and its demands on the earth's resources generate a need for sustainable practices. Implementing these practices often requires collaboration between different organizations. ESRI's commitment to developing interoperable technology sets the stage for cooperation between organizations so that they can make well-informed decisions. GIS software allows users across the globe to share ideas on how to meet their resource needs, plan efficient land use, and protect the environment to guarantee the survival of future generations

more abstract
GIS, Sustainable Development, Road Network, Urbanization, Digital map

Presentation: oral

Download

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF WASTE IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 368-373

Adina HORABLAGA, Nicolae Marinel HORABLAGA

Since the beginning of 2002, European law requires selective waste collection in urban areas. The aim of the paper is to present ways of efficient waste management in urban areas according to European regulations. Data will be presented from the urban waste management (City of Timisoara) for 2008, 2009 and first half of 2010, for the following categories of waste: municipal waste, waste paper / cardboard, tires, car batteries, spent oils, waste from wood processing, plastic waste, hazardous medical waste, glass, textile waste, electrical and electronic equipment waste. Research methods used are statistical collection and interpretation of results and the materials used consist of questionnaires completed by businesses and environmental agency reports. The novelty of the paper is a presentation of the urban image of an efficient management of waste, not just those of the municipal recyclable but also the valuable recyclable, in the context of sustainable development. The research is limited to providing waste collection methods and amounts for each category of waste, without getting into the processes of recycling / recovery of waste. From a practical point of view, the research shows the degree of education with the population and with the economic agents at the urban level regarding waste collection as shown by the data regarding the amount of waste collected already. The importance of the research is mainly in respecting the principles underlying the waste management activities: the principle of primary resources protection, the principle of using the best available techniques, the principle of prevention, the polluter pays principle, the principle of substitution, the principle of subsidiarity, the principle of integration proximity and of integration. The originality of this paper is given by combining the methods of waste management conditions with the conditions that have to be complied under environmental legislation in force and interpretation of existing data on the types of waste to provide a complete picture of the urban waste management efficiency.

more abstract
urban environment, wastes, sustainable development

Presentation: oral

Download

INFLUENCE OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SOIL AND PLANT CULTURE ON EARTHWORMS (OLIGOCHAETA: LUMBRICIDAE) IN CONDITIONS OF BANAT PLAIN pag. 374-384

Mădălina IORDACHE, I. GAICA, I. BORZA

In this paper there are exposed the results of the researches aiming to establish the effect of some different systems of soil tillage on earthworms, in this case considering the classic system and the no-till system, in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine hispida (Mnch)) cultures. The research has as goal to study the earthworms under aspect of numerical and biomass dynamics in field experiments, in a cambic chernozem soil. Within the same research were made physical-chemical analysis of soil for a series of indices, like pH, total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, in order to study their influence on earthworms as numerical abundance and weight. The registered data showed that earthworm number (individuals/m 2 ) identified in the experimental variants cultivated in classic system is lower than earthworm number found in the no-till system, and the earthworm biomass (g/m 2 ) generally had the same tendency. It was found that earthworm number was higher in the soybean culture than in the maize culture for both cultivation systems. The research methodology that was used respects the actual legislation and protocols in force. The statistic connections between the researched factors were realized by statistical methods, consisting of dispersion analysis ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). For statistical calculation, the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used. This type of research was required because the Romanian scientific research in the field of soil fertility in the last decades was predominantly orientated in direction of usage of chemical fertilizers, irrigations, pesticides and other agricultural technologies as methods for fast increasing of the crops. Generally, the tendency was the same in the worldwide plain. It can be concluded that, in great measure, the scientific research from agriculture was not ready to offer solutions in order to accede from the concept of intensive agriculture to the ecological sustainable concept.

more abstract
earthworms, classic tillage, no-till system, maize, soybean, soil characteristics

Presentation: oral

Download

EXPLOITATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD SOURCES BY EARTHWORMS (OLIGOCHAETA: LUMBRICIDAE) IN CONDITIONS OF BANAT PLAIN pag. 385-391

Mădălina IORDACHE, I. GAICA, I. BORZA

The researches presented in this paper aimed to study the way how some elements of agricultural technology (chemical and organic fertilisation) influence the earthworm abundance in soil, organisms which are great bioindicators of soil fertility. The goal of the paper was rigorously observe the changes appeared in earthworm abundance in order to enunciate the effect of different agricultural technologies in the sense of their promotion or renunciation if negatively influence the life from soil. These considerations were imposed because at worldwide level the soil fertility in continuous decrease, and on the background of conventional agriculture that was practiced during last decades, it became more and more acute the problem of soil fertility. The experiments were placed within Didactic and Experimental Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat Timişoara, on a cambic chernozem in oat culture. The results showed that earthworm number (individuals/m 2 ) and weight (g/m 2 ) registered higher values in the experimental plots with organic fertilization. The research methodology that was used respects the actual legislation and protocols in force. The statistic connections between the researched factors were realized by statistical methods, consisting of dispersion analysis ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). For statistical calculation, the SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used. The objectives aimed by this research were established in order to bring a series of contributions to the sustainable regeneration of soils fertility, under aspect of its physical, chemical and biological properties, by using the biological means specific to the ecological agriculture system, and with the purpose to allow the establishment of the right directions, well scientifically argued, regarding the elimination of those sequences of agricultural technologies which negatively influence the biological activity from soil, in this present case the activity of earthworms, with the consequence of soil fertility decreasing.

more abstract
earthworms, organic fertilization, chemical fertilization, earthworm number, earthworm weight

Presentation: oral

Download

DEVELOPMENT OF A CALIBRATION MODEL TO ESTIMATE QUALITY TRAITS IN WHEAT FLOUR USING NIR (NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE) SPECTROSCOPY pag. 392-400

Fatih KAHRIMAN, Cem Ömer EGESEL

Introduction of fast, cheap and reliable methods in the analysis of agricultural products is of great importance for the breeding programs targeting to enhance quality traits. The objective of this study was to develop a NIRs (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) calibration to enable a fast evaluation of quality traits in wheat flour. We used 120 flour samples from 40 bread wheat varieties as plant material. We developed calibrations based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model for moisture, protein ratio, gluten ratio, gluten index value, sedimentation value, and modified sedimentation value. In the generated calibrations, it was found that the correlation coefficients between the reference analyses and NIR readings were higher than 0.90 for all variables (r=0.92 for moisture ratio, r=0.90 for protein ratio, r=0.94 for gluten ratio, r=0.93 for sedimentation value and r=0.92 for modified sedimentation value) except gluten index value(r=0.87). It was determined that NIR estimates of moisture, protein and gluten were in acceptable levels when the standard error of estimate (SEE), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and Root-Mean-Square Error of Cross-Validation (RMSECV) in the developed calibrations were taken into account. Relative deviation prediction (RPD) values indicated that calibration model for gluten ratio had the potential to be used for screening (RPD=3.25). The other parameters (RPD values between 2 and 3) except gluten index value (RPD=1.90) had rough screening potential. Regression coefficients (R 2 ) of calibration parameters were above 0.80, except for gluten index value. Furthermore, as a result of the correlation analysis performed to determine the relationships of the scanned interval (1200-2400 nm) with the investigated traits, it was found that the variables except gluten index value and moisture level had high correlation values in the similar absorption regions. Ten wavelength regions had similar direction of correlation coefficient between the 1200-2400 nm for these traits. General results of this study suggest that the calibration models developed here could successfully estimate most of the wheat flour quality traits, whereas better models are needed for more robust estimations on some other traits, such as gluten index value.

more abstract
Protein, Gluten, Triticum aestivum

Presentation: oral

Download

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL CONTROL AS AN IMPORTANT MANAGERIAL CONTROL INSTRUMENT IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS pag. 401-405

Srđan LALIĆ, Dražen JOVANOVIĆ, Milan NIKOLIĆ, Radmila DJAKOVIĆ

Each activity in international business is based on the decisions arising from the process of planning, establishing goals of activities. During these activities, governing bodies of international business are forced to make decisions. These decisions should be based on objective information. Establishing the internal control in international business is in the function of the effective management and risk reduction activities. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the system of the internal control is significant for the achievement of stated objectives and mission in international business. The activities used to achieve the objectives and mission, include at the same time commitment of adequate resources (material, human and financial) according to which, these activities must be economically justified.

more abstract
Control, management, accounting system, risk, international operations, control procedures, business activities

Presentation: oral

Download

INTERNAL CONTROL AND PROBLEMS OF MODERN MANAGEMENT IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT pag. 406-415

Srđan LALIĆ, Dražen JOVANOVIĆ, Milan NIKOLIĆ, Vladimir VULOVIĆ

Internal control has entered a period of extreme challenges. Internal auditors must be involved in things that are happening in the organization. They must have knowledge about the complex issues affecting the operations of their companies. Furthermore, they must identify the risks which managers may not be aware of. The factors such as business development and the history of financial disasters affect the public expectations concerning internal control and therefore its development. Although there is no method of internal control that is generally accepted throughout the world, there is a growing knowledge about what internal controls should cover. The key role of an auditor has changed from that of a detective or someone who shows what is wrong in the organization to the member of a management team that ensures that the organization continues to grow and prosper.

more abstract
Control, management, accounting system, risk, organization, business environment

Presentation: oral

Download

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC AND SOIL CONDITIONS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLUM TREES AND ON THE YIELD LEVELS ON A TYPICAL LUVOSOL AT CARANSEBES - CARAS SEVERIN COUNTY pag. 416-423

Rodica LAZĂR, C. LAZĂR, Daniela RĂDUCU, C. MARINCA

Soil is an essential component in orchard ecosystems. For a fruit tree performance the soil is and will remain in the future, the unique place for growth and development of root system, while providing mineral elements with an essential role in nutrition of fruit trees. The paper presents an integrated and operational set of measurable criteria and indicators as a basis for a harmonized comprehensive information system used for achieving an intelligent infrastructure to create an ecologic quantified and integrated model of the climate, land and infrastructure resources, specific to fruit-trees lands and orchards. The objectives were to emphasize the monitorisation of the climatic conditions, soil fertility and biometrical measurements in some of the studied areas, in order to supplement the database. It is unanimously admitted that from all the relevant scientific indicators for fruit-tree cultivation, the thermic conditions in the air have a basic role. In this context, to highlight the climate of the area it was used a method based on the frequency of repetitiveness of thresholds and optimal climatic intervals in the last ten years. The paper, also, presents a relatively complex soil characterization, of the orchard from Research and Development Station for Fruit Tree Growing Caransebeş. For a thorough understanding of soil conditions in Caransebes orchard has been studied the typical luvosol characteristic of the territory. That soil texture is loamy-silty loam. Soil reaction is moderately acid to surface and slightly acid on the soil profile. Total cation exchange capacity is low, increasing from surface to the Bt horizon. The degree of base saturation is oligomesobasic - mesobasic. Analytical data have revealed, generally, low and very low content of organic matter and macro-elements (N, P, K) and micro-elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) supply condition is good. The influence of soil conditions on trees trunk thickness is synthesized in indicators for roots and trunk biometry. For production structure of plum fruits in Caransebes orchard , were studied three cultivars: Stanley, Vânăt de Italia and Vânăt Românesc. The main mass of roots of plum trees, although is located at 20-60 cm depth, can explore the soil profile ( ³ 100 cm) and have no significant restrictions in this regard.

more abstract
plum orchard, expert system, climatic and soil conditions

Presentation: oral

Download

CARBON BALANCE IN ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES pag. 424-428

Milan MACÁK, Štefan ŽÁK, Marta ANDREJČÍKOVÁ

The field experiment was carried out over the period 1999-2004 on Luvi-Haplic Chernozem in Borovce, Western Slovakia (E 17º75’, N 48º58’). The location has a continental climate with an average annual temperature of 9.2 ºC and an average annual precipitation of 593 mm. A split-plot design experiment with four replicates of a six-course crop rotation was designed as follows: common pea – winter wheat and catch crops – early potato and catch crops – spring barley undersown with red clover – first year red clover – winter wheat and catch crops. The aim of the study was to calculate the input and output of carbon sources and the influence of the crop management rotation on the annual carbon balance in low-input and ecological farming system. Positive balance of carboneum in range of 2.442 ton C ha -1 in organic system and 2.66 C ha-1 in low input system was noted. Yearly balance was strongly influence by growing crops and their residue management. In organic system, the full balance (B C ) of organic matter expressed as carboneum balance was negative under growing of common peas (-0.909 ton C ha -1 ) with surplus of 6.642 ton C ha -1 during growing the potatoes. Lack of residues in potatoes (Q R = 1.201 ton C ha -1 ) was compensating with FYM application with finally positive effect on yearly carboneum balance. Evaluation of crop rotation pattern productivity was expressed as production of dry matter. The winter wheat produced significantly the higher yield of dry matter from 12.74 to 14.4 followed by red clover (11.3-13.65 ton C ha -1 ) and spring barley (9.08-9.79 ton C ha -1 ).Designed crop rotation pattern growing in organic and low input system confirm sustainable use of natural resources.

more abstract
crop rotation, organic matter, carboneum balance, organic system, low-input system

Presentation: oral

Download

AGRICULTURAL IMPACT OF THE EXPOSURE TO CLIME CHANGE IN THE ROMANIAN PORTION OF TISZA RIVER BASIN pag. 429-436

Vasile MEITA, Alexandru Ionut PETRISOR, Cezar-Petre SIMION-MELINTE

Clime change represents an important issue for the scientific community regardless of the specific field of study due to the environmental effects and impacts on the economy (especially agriculture) and human communities. The environmental impacts include the loss of biodiversity (species and ecosystems), while agricultural impacts include the exposure to heat, changes of the precipitation regime, and dispersion of diseases and pests. The assessment of particular scenarios related to changes of temperature and precipitations plays a central role among clime change studies, including predicted impacts on the ecosystems. This study addresses the exposure to clime change in the Romanian part of the Tisza river basin, using a novel approach based on the Geographical Information Systems modeling in conjunction with factor analysis to pinpoint the most affected counties based on clime data reflecting the current situation and 2100 predictions by generalizing the micro-scale situation at the county level. The results suggest that the actual precipitations explain 85% of the clime variability, the counties most affected by predicted clime change (Arad and Timiş) are situated in the western part of the region, and the economic sector most affected by predicted clime changes is agriculture, provided the predominance of agricultural areas in the most affected counties. While consistent with other studies, the results benefit upon the strength of the statistical tools, and could be used by the local authorities from the territorial units at risk to elaborate strategies resulting into the mitigation of effects and diminishing the agricultural loss. The methodological limitations of the study are first of all due to the fact that it relies on predictions, which in their turn assume the climatic response to increased greenhouse gases of the National Center for Atmospheric Research climate model, CCM3, at T42 and T170 resolutions, and due to the over-generalizing effects of GIS modeling.

more abstract
clime change; agricultural impact; exposure; GIS; factor analysis; Tisza

Presentation: oral

Download

CLIMATOLOGICAL AND SYNOPTIC CHARACTERISATION DURING WINTER 2009 – 2010 pag. 437-442

Vlad D. MIRCOV, Carmen MOISA, Lucian NIŢĂ, Antoanela COZMA

Climatological characterisation for winter 2009-2010, namely the interval december 2009-february 2010, supposes analysis the evolution in space and time of the different climate parameters at meteorological stations in Banat. Meteorological parameters considered in this analysis are air temperature, rainfall and snow layer. Air temperature is a variable parameter due to the factors that influence the heating and cooling of the Earth, its lack of homogeneity and the unequal distribution of solar energy. The rainfall are a very important meteorological factor used for climatological characterisation of a region, an important link of water circulation in nature, with distinctive implications in some activities especially in agriculture. In data processing it is given a great importance for the extreme values (absolut minimum and maximum), and for monthly average. It was made an analysis on the number of frosty nights, the number of winter days, number of freezing days, and on the number of days with snow layer. For the three meteorological station from mountain we made separate references. In order to draw up the synoptical characterisation for december 2009-february 2010 we used synoptic charts with surface pressure and with height and temperature at 500 hPa level. Analyzing the deviations of average temperature in december 2009, january and february 2010 compared to normal values (1961-1990) we noted that the average air temperature overreach the normal values in december 2009 and february 2010, and it was close to normal values in january 2010. Depending on deviations of the amounts of rainfall in winter 2009-2010 compared to normal values, the rainfall were excess in most part of Banat region, which led to floods especially on lower part of the rivers from this region.

more abstract
thermal regime, rainfall regime, snow layer, frost, freezing

Presentation: oral

Download

RESEARCH ABOUT THE USE OF BACTERIAL BIOMASS OF THIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS IN THE RECOVERING OF HEAVY METALS FROM POLLUTED MEDIUM pag. 443-448

Tatiana PASCU, T. VISAN

Pollution has become along the years a serious problem, difficult to solve. Developing of the industry was lead to a rising of wastes quantities, those has been accumulated in air, water and soil, when the raw resources are fewer and fewer. Classical wastes contain a large variety of pollutant but the heavy metals, toxic for human and also for environment represent a important part. In present is wide accepted idea of using biotechnology and microbiological meaning for clearing pollution of certain ecosystems from an-organics compound of heavy metals type. This involves certain phenomenon’s, being trans-location, such bioremediation, being biological modification of those metals for forming compounds less toxics or with low mobility. Recovering of heavy metals from solution can be achieved using two big group of technique, which resides by involving of electrochemical reaction. In parallel with electrochemical treatment (electrolyses, electrodeposition, electrodialysis, electrocoagulation) exist physicochemicals based on chemical precipitation, cementation and absorption on ion exchange resins, osmoses and sticking metals to biomass. This last technique can resides by bio-absorption of metallic ions on biological surfaces dead or alive, by intercellular accumulation (living biomass) or by bio-precipitation. For studies regarding evaluation of retaining capabilities by microorganisms, presented in this work, was used two strain of bacteria’s Tf DSM583 and Tf BRGM and 3 growing mediums: 9K, 9KM si 9Opt. Was used standard solution of uSO 4 , ZnSO 4 , CdSO 4 , CrSO 4 with a concentration of 10 -3 M. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, an acidophilic, aerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, gram-negative bacterium, shows a high, natural level of resistance to heavy metals. Microbial growth has been estimated by the measurement of bacterial metabolism characterized by ferrous iron oxidation. This bacterial oxidation is characterized by the Fe 2+ / (Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ ) ration. Fe 2+ concentration has been determined by colorimetric dosing of iron on a probe (10μl) by the phenanthroline method. Quantities of metallic ions recovered by bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was determined by polarographic technique for ions of Zn (II) , Cd (II) , Cu (II) and by colorimetric technique for Cr (VI) .

more abstract
heavy metals, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, strain, biomass

Presentation: oral

Download

CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS BY SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN ARTIFICIAL WATER RESERVOIRS OF REGION BANSKÁ ŠTIAVNICA (THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC) pag. 449-456

Jana PORHAJAŠOVÁ, Jana URMINSKÁ, M. MACÁK, P. ONDRIŠÍK

Sediments are reliable indicators of environmental pollution. The territory of the Banská Štiavnica region belongs to the contaminated areas of the Slovak Republic. Among the present polluters is an aluminum manufacturing plant in the Žiar nad Hronom, whose emissions influence a wide area, while in the past it was an extensive mining activity, which had a significant adverse impact on the environment of the Banská Štiavnica and its environs. In this study, in the year 2010, the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Hg, Zn) have been studied in the sediments of the four artificial water reservoirs (the Počúvadlo, the Little Richňava, the Great Richňava, the Windsachta). In term of contamination importance is eminent of interaction vein and surface water of sediments with inappropriateness anthropogenic activity (past and present mining activities, irresponsible activity by gardening and agricultural), with diversity waste materials, which are standing in wild dumps form. Analyses samples of sediments we were carried by (certificate no. 01871/101/1/2001) flow electro chemistry methods (EcaFlow 150GLP). At present contaminants are relevant especially cadmium (concentration in the space of value from 0.996 to 5.016 mg.kg -1 Cd dry matter) and lead (18.13-57.08 mg.kg -1 dry matter). Other analyzed elements were arsenic (from 0.068 to 0.298 mg.kg -1 dry matter), copper (from 4.22 to 8.97 mg.kg -1 dry matter), mercury (from 0.086 to 0.398 mg.kg -1 dry matter), and zinc (from 25.9 to 78.64 mg.kg -1 dry matter), in the selected artificial water reservoirs. From statistical processing of data we had ascertained, that dependency of selected heavy metals were significantly correlated and strongly positive association, particularly Cd:Pb relation. Where is increase of cadmium concentration in the environment, there is spotted also high accumulation of lead contents, these connection is dependent. We had observed the expressive effect as a toxic elements to the potential increased incidence of individual affection for organisms of this monitored territory. Increasing concentration of chemical elements in the human environment can cause to origination of various disturbances and diseases. The uptake of cadmium, lead and other metals in food is one of the main exposition ways for organisms. Between the most important exposition sources for people belong roll and other root vegetables, green-stuff - vegetables products, cereals.

more abstract
artificial water reservoirs, Banská Štiavnica ,environment, heavy metals, sediment

Presentation: oral

Download

EFFECTS REGARDING THE USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE FOR SOIL FERTILITY IMPROVEMENT pag. 457-461

Hortensia RADULESCU, Adina BERBECEA, Lidia TAUBERT

The paper presents the effects of soil treatment with industrial mineral waste on some fertility characteristics of acid soils. Two industrial waste were tested by treating luvosoil, a low fertile acid soil, with different doses of waste. These two mineral sources have resulted from the magnesium products industry and contain in their composition significant contents of magnesium and calcium as well as low contents of trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Both waste types have resulted in the industrial processes of manufacturing magnesium compounds from dolomites as waste products and deposits on the industrial equipment. The difference between the two waste types lies in the double magnesium content, established for the crusts deposits. Because of their alkaline reaction and nutritive elements content, the two waste types can be revaluated in agriculture as fertilizer and amendment for acid soils. The experimental alternatives consist of treating luvosoil with four different doses from each waste, without and with adding a nitrogen supplement (ammonium nitrate) to the soil. In order to establish the effects of soil treatment with waste on soil fertility, the available content of soil nutrients and soil reaction were determined. The available nutrient soil content was analysed by using the EDTA extraction method along with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Soil reaction was determined in watery extracts by means of a pH-meter. The results show that low doses of waste increase by 14-18% the available potassium content. Nitrogen supplement rises the potassium content increase till 26 - 30%. The available calcium content rises proportional with the administered waste doses for both waste types. Nitrogen contribution increases the values by 133% for waste A and 106% for waste B. The dynamics of available magnesium content is similar to that of calcium. The increases represent 65% for waste A and 46% for waste B. Soil acidity was neutralized in all experimental alternatives. The pH values increased proportional with the added waste dose. The originality of this paper consists in the utilization of the waste resulted from the magnesium products industry in agriculture as soil amendment and also as calcium-magnesium fertilizer. The importance of this study lies in the fact that, on the basis of the obtained results, a new technology to improve acid soils fertility can be conceived by specifying the suitable dose, usage manner and application frequency of the tested waste.

more abstract
amendment, mineral waste, acid soil, available nutrient content, soil reation, soil fertility

Presentation: oral

Download

IMPACT OF WASTE REVALUATION AS FERTILIZER ON THE NUTRITIVE ELEMENTS CONTENT OF WHEAT PLANTS pag. 462-467

Hortensia RADULESCU, Isidora RADULOV, Lidia TAUBERT

The study shows the impact of soil treatment with industrial waste on the nutrient content of wheat plants. Two industrial waste were tested as fertilizer, by treating luvosoil with different doses of waste. The two mineral sources have resulted from the magnesium products industry and contain in their composition significant contents of magnesium and calcium as well as low contents of trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Both waste types result in the industrial processes of manufacturing magnesium compounds from dolomites as waste product and deposits on the industrial equipment. The difference between the two waste types lies in the double magnesium content, established for the crusts deposits. Because of their alkaline reaction and nutritive elements content, the two waste types can be revaluated in agriculture as fertilizer, mainly on acid soils. The experimental alternatives consist of four different doses from each waste, added to soil without or with nitrogen supplement (ammonium nitrate). In order to establish the impact of soil treatment with waste as fertilizer on the nutrient plant content, the total essential and trace elements content in green wheat plants were determined. The total nutrient content in plant was analysed by using the dry ash method along with atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry. The impact of soil treatment with waste as fertilizer on plant content differs depending on the pursuit nutrient element. The potassium content in green wheat plants shows an increase by 17% comparative with the control alternative only for A 2 ,, both with or without nitrogen supplement. The calcium content in plant rises proportional with the administered waste dose for both waste types. Nitrogen contribution increases the values by 33% for waste A and 22% for waste B. The dynamics of magnesium plant content is similar to that of calcium content for both alternatives with or without nitrogen contribution. The highest increases were established for the experimental alternative A 4 (63%)-without nitrogen contribution and B 4 (73%)- with nitrogen contribution. Analysing the trace elements content in plant, an increase of iron content proportional with the administered waste dose was determined. The increase of 14% was established for the experimental alternative with the highest waste doses for both waste types. The originality of this paper consists in the utilization of these waste, resulted from the magnesium products industry, in agriculture as a calcium-magnesium fertilizer. The importance of this study lies in the fact that, on the basis of the obtained results, a new fertilization technology can be conceived by specifying the suitable dose of waste, usage manner and application frequency.

more abstract
magnesium products industry, mineral waste, fertilizer, nutrient plant content

Presentation: oral

Download

THE TROPHICITY OF THE LUVISOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FORESTRY VEGETATION FROM TINCA FOREST DISTRICT, U.P. II SITITELEC, BIHOR COUNTY pag. 468-475

Nicu-Cornel SABĂU, P.T. MOŢIU

For the soil quality assessment of qualitative point of view it imposes the characterization of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil corroborates with ecological elements of zonal and local specific. Trophicity it’s an important characteristic of forestry resorts. The trophy potential of non – degraded natural ecosystems can be explained by the potential global trophicity index. The objective of the presented work is to show the influence of forest vegetation, represented by red oak old (Quercus rubra) of 42 year, 77 year old sessile oak (Quercus petraea), and 62 year old oak (Quercus robur) tree on the potential trophicity index of the luvisoils from the area of Tinca Forest District, U.P. II Sititelec. If in the first three horizons the soil is included in silty clay loam sub-class, under red oak and silty loam under sessile oak and oak trees, on the base of profiles, in the Btw2 horizon will pass from the medium clayey loam to the loamy clay both under red oak and oak trees. The estimated values of bulk density are included between 1,30 and 1,33 g/cm 3 in the bioaccumulation horizon A o for all soil profiles and respectively 1,38 and 1,40 g/cm 3 in Btw 2 clay accumulation horizons, the biggest values being registered on stagnic luvosoil profile, under oak trees. The humus quantity in the first horizon of bioaccumulation Ao is higher in case of sessile oak than in case of red oak or oak tree, with 2,53 % and respectively 2,90 %. The corrected potential triphicity index values became of 77.94 under sessile oak and of 65,55 under red oak, on the haplic luvosoils and respectively of 80,03 under oak forest, on luvosol. In spite of the fact that the differences between the values of trophicity index of the three profiles are not essential, the trophicity characterization of these is different. If the characterisation of profile 1 and 2, under sessile oak and red oak (haplic luvosoils) is mesotrophic soil, (T III trophicity class) the characterization of profile 3, under oak forest became eutrophic soil (T IV trophicity class).

more abstract
trophicity, potential trophicity index, forestry soil, luvisoils

Presentation: oral

Download

THE LINK BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL CROP AND FERTILIZER SYSTEM ON A HAPLIC LUVOSOIL UNDER CONTROL POLLUTED WITH CRUDE OIL, FROM ORADEA, BIHOR COUNTY pag. 476-483

Nicu-Cornel SABĂU, Maria ŞANDOR, C. DOMUŢA, R. BREJEA, CR. DOMUŢA

The paper presents the partial results of researches regarding the agrochemical melioration of soils under control polluted by crude oil brought from the exploitation site at Suplacu de Barcău that took place at the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Oradea, Bihor County. The experimental device was made out of 1 m 2 micro parcels, spread out in subdivided parcels, in four repetitions, having three factors: A - the pollution by crude oil from Suplacu de Barcău,in two graduations a1-nonpolluted and a2-under control polluted with 3 % crude oil concentration; B – the organic fertilization with manure (0, 50, 100 and 150 to/ha) and C – the mineral fertilization with complex fertilizer in doses: N 0 P 0 K 0 , N 100 P 80 K 70 , N 200 P 160 K 140 and N 300 P 240 K 210 . The experience was set out on a haplic luvosoil în the year 1993 and the soil was cultivated with millet in the first three years and with spring wheat in the last seven years of research. The millet hay average yield of studied variants is bigger in not polluted variant (44,91 q/ha) than in polluted by 3 % concentration of crude oil variant (40,16 q/ha) with 4,75 q/ha. Between annual and average yields of millet hay (q/ha) and the manure quantity and respectively mineral fertilizer doses was established linear and spatial linear correlations. The reply’s crop at the rate of complex fertilizer administrated is in proximity but the slope of the line for polluted variant show an increase of yield at one rate’s mineral fertilizer about 3,5 kg/ha while for the not polluted soil the increase is about 3,36 kg/ha. The shapes of the lines established for the first three researches years sows that the level of annual yields under the organic fertilizer system have a decrease tendency from the first year to the last year, on the not polluted variant while on the polluted variant the level of yield is smaller in the first year and afterward it stabilize to approximately 5 kg/ha for one unit of manure administrated. Analyzing the shapes of correlation lines established between the rates of mineral fertilizer and millet-hay annual yields we can see that this is approximately parallel and the differences between the yields on not polluted and polluted soil it reduced in the time of the first tree years of the observations. In the process of chemical melioration of soils polluted with crude oil the mineral fertilizer system is more important than the organic fertilizer system because of the nitrogen added in soil determine the equilibrium between organic carbon and nitrogen and these stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms, implicated in crude oil biodegradation.

more abstract
oil pollution, crude oil, haplic luvosoil, agrochemical melioration

Presentation: oral

Download

EVALUATION OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL FARMS IN SHKODRA DISTRICT- ALBANIA pag. 484-489

Enka SALLAKU, V. VORPSI, E. JOJIC, F. SALLAKU, E. DODONA

The development of the livestock in our country has a direct impact in economic, social and environmental modifications . Livestock and in particulary Ruminant animals are the principal source of emissions because they produce the most methane per unit of feed consumed. (FAO 2006) The present study aims to estimate methane emission inventories from enteric fermentation and manure management for domestic livestock in Albania (Shkodra region), using Tier 1 methane emission factors of IPCC (2006) and regional population of each species of domestic livestock in 17 commune. Total methane emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management for domestic livestock in Shkodra region in Albania in 2009 were estimated to be 3638.16 ton per year, with a carbon dioxide equivalent of 76401.36 ton/year when assuming the global warming potential of methane being 25 times that of carbon dioxide. The majority of methane emission was derived from enteric fermentation (82%). cattle were the largest emitter (87.25% of total emission), followed by sheep and pigs (4%), goats (3%).These results indicate that enteric fermentation of ruminant animals, especially for dairy cattle, is the major area in research for development of mitigation strategies to reduce methane emissions from domestic livestock in Albania .

more abstract
livestock, emission methane, animal waste, dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, potential biogas

Presentation: oral

Download

HAIL - PHENOMENA OF RISK FOR AGRICULTURE pag. 490-496

Mioara ŞIŞU, Vlad D. MIRCOV, Simona NITA

One of the phenomena associated with atmospheric instability and a negative impact both in daily life, and in pursuit of activities related to agriculture, is the hail. As a type of rainfall, hail consists of ice particles with a diameter of between 5 and 50 mm, sometimes even larger. It emerges from Cumulonimbus clouds and it is usually accompanied by rain showers, lightning and wind gust. Hail is a characteristic phenomenon for the warm period of the year and is formed especially in cold front passage (very active ones) over overheated surfaces. Thermal non-homogeneity in the lower layers of air, or roughness of underlying surfaces, generate upward movement of air, lead to the formation of so-called "convection cells", whose characteristics are essential in hail occurrence. Since in many cases damages are significant and it is difficult to say in the short-range forecasts which areas will be affected by this phenomenon, forecast for the immediate meteorological phenomena and anti-hail measures have a particularly important role. This work presents two synoptic situations that have led to hail in the Western Plain area and which resulted in serious damage. For each of the two cases, a presentation of the synoptic and mesoscale settings (with image examples for some important parameters), followed by a description of the general appearance of the weather, the context in which there were severe weather phenomena, in this case - the production of hail and an estimation of damage. In the end of the work, there is a short presentation of anti-hail methods that can be taken both in our country and at European level.

more abstract
hail, Cumulonimbus clouds, updrafts, atmospheric instability, anti-hail systems

Presentation: oral

Download

MODELING OF LAND USE THROUGH LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM TO VILLAGE LEVEL IN ALBANIA pag. 497-502

Shpetim TAFAJ, Fatbardh SALLAKU, Bujar HUQI, Etleva JOJIC, Shkelqim FORTUZI, Eugen SKURA

The main objective of this paper has been the use of GIS technology to assisting local Government on the sustainable management of land resources. The study not only provided the basic spatial database in communal level, but also evaluated the soil and land suitability, land use, land use changes and agricultural land urbanization. The land information database is established for Kryevidh commune (Tirana District). During the land data collection and its processing are found out the most important soil characteristics and qualities, as well as is accomplished the agricultural land suitability assessment classified in four suitable classes (S1-S4) and one non suitable (N). About 52.8% of Kryevidh commune is occupied with N class the other is occupied with S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively 5%, 11.4%, 16.5% and 14.3%. Based in the land use information before and post 1991 it is analyzed changes of land use in communal level. The main changes have been occurred on agriculture land. In this class transformations from agriculture to non agriculture are observed. Also, changes are observed within agriculture land where 293 ha or 9.9% of suitable land is fallow. The data shows that 147 ha (14%) of suitable land for agriculture is occupied with the new buildings. There are derived the maps for land suitability, land use for 1991 and 2009, as well as land use changes. The results of this study suggested that urgent measures are needed to protect agriculture land from further urbanisation .

more abstract
GIS, Land use, land use change, land suitability

Presentation: oral

Download

USING PEDOLOGICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL INFORMATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NITRATES DIRECTIVE IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNIT CENAD pag. 503-508

Dorin ŢĂRĂU, D. DICU, Liliana BREI, R. BERTICI

Directive 91/676 / EEC on the protection of waters against pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources is transposed into Romanian legislation by HG. 964/2000 approving the Plan of Action for the Protection of waters against pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources. In accordance with art. 6. (1) of the annex to Government Decision no. 964/2000 approving the Plan of Action for the protection of waters against pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources in accordance with art. 2. (8) of the Rules of organization and functioning of the Commission and support group for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, approved by Order no. 425/105951/2001 of Water and Environment Minister and the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, Commission to implement the Action Plan for the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, issued Decision no. 21130/DC/14.10.2010 approval of the Action Program for vulnerable zones to nitrate from agricultural sources. The measures from this Action Programme regard to that holdings of more than 8 UVM, the spread manure annual amount not to exceed a specified amount per hectare over a year, one of the ways to exploit a liquid manure of animals farms consisting and their use as liquid organic fertilizer for crops. Physico-chemical properties of soil samples (texture, pH, humus and N, P, K, content etc..) and biochemical and microbial diversity of the samples were analyzed in the Research Laboratory of USAMVB-OSPA Timisoara after national norms and standards approved by the Standards Association of Romania (ASRO). Knowledge of these special features of the soil presents a theoretical and practical importance. Theoretical, because it provides to the expert the posibility to interpret the phenomena that occur in soil and to predict soil evolution in particular and the wider environment in terms of present and future health and warns the farmer what action should be taken to bring optimum soil conditions for growth and development of plants. Importance, originality and timeliness of work is the necesity of soil and environmental protection by implementing the Action Program for vulnerable zones to nitrate from agricultural sources, in Timis county, it being the focal point for monitoring the implementation of the Nitrates Directive for soil and crops, to ensure information for the country report on Nitrates Directive.

more abstract
fertilizer, cover crop, vulnerable area, livestock, monitoring

Presentation: oral

Download

ASSESSMENT AND VARIABILITY OF SELECTED ELEMENTS IN SOIL SURROUNDING THE ELBASANI METALLURGICAL COMPLEX IN ALBANIA pag. 509-515

Odeta TOTA, Valdete VORPSI, Enkeljda EMIRI, Bujar HUQI, Fatbardh SALLAKU, Mira KARAJANI

Heavy metals are among the pollutants that should be monitored in order to obtain a coherent and comprehensive overview of quality status for a certain soil system. Some contaminants are conserved as they pass from organism to organism in a food chain, possibly resulting in progressively higher concentrations at high content levels. In soil systems, plants take the heavy metal mainly by their root system, as a natural requirement for their growth. If the sediment is contaminated then the amount of metals available for the plants will be high. The metallurgical complex of Elbasan is the largest and most important one in the country but at the same time represents a source of significant heavy metal contamination in the wider watershed Shkumbini River. Numerous efforts have been made to establish protocols and standards for the determination of the heavy and toxic elements in plant and soils to study their distribution, and establish pollution levels as well as their derived risks for the ecosystem and environmental stability. The number of measurements is restricted by the number of samples which were collected from the study area and this number is primarily limited by the funding of the analysis. Moreover, the samples were typically taken from vertical sections, which is in general a soil profile or a catena of soil profiles. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the degree of soil contamination by Cu, Zn, and Cd, with respect to distance from the metallurgical complex of Elbasan, Albania, and (ii) determine various metal fractions for selected soil samples. The data gathered from this study will allow the evaluation of soil-management techniques to limit mobility and plant availability of heavy metals and to ultimately minimize their transfer into the food chain.

more abstract
heavy metal, soil pollution, toxic element

Presentation: oral

Download

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LAND TO THE TOWN PLANNING FĂRCAŞELE OLT COUNTY pag. 516-521

Lica TUTI, D. ŢĂRĂU, D. BĂLĂNESCU

Abstract : In principle , land evaluation is to compare the properties and characteristics of the requirements or demands of land (use) it. Farmland assessment is the basis of their classification as class, after the note of evaluation in natural conditions. In concept assessing the concept of "land" includes all environmental factors (soil, terrain, climate, hydrology, etc.), which have significant influence on use. Because of economic conditions, different land in the same class of evaluation in natural conditions may have different economic outcomes, resulting in the amount of net income and therefore different economic values . Quantitative assessment of land was based on estimated production potential of evaluation by marks, calculated for existing conditions on the ground (current or natural conditions). Note of evaluation (natural conditions) divided the land quality in terms of their quality for agricultural use, and the use of shared framework in terms of production capacity. Agricultural production is adversely affected by restrictions given by some properties of soil, terrain and climate, which show equal intensities, decreases depending on how different productions of land use (arable, pasture, vines), so one and the same land may have restrictions of varying intensity depending on his usage. The land evaluation for natural conditions, ecological characterization participated indicators for determining the coefficients stringent evaluation notes. The physical and chemical properties of soil samples (texture, pH, humus and N, P, K content) and biochemical were analyzed in the OSPA Olt Research laboratory, according with the national norms and standards approved by National Association of Standardization. Research of ecopedological conditions, data ordering and processing was done in accordance with the Methodology of Elaboration of Pedological Studies; (vol. I, II, III), developed by the ICPA Bucharest in 1987 and the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy (SRTS-2003). For details of the work to be as conclusive materials were used in the cadastral records OJCPI Olt. The work was carried out with a good control throughout the stages of work, the final result being given by grades and classes of evaluation. Field units (TEO) which were calculated scores and grades were established quality are concrete forms that appear in certain areas (geographic and historical), territorial units of the ground as concrete forms of manifestation and expression on the surface land, the actual taxonomic rank lowest (ground variations).

more abstract
agricultural, land, limiting factors, evaluation notes

Presentation: oral

Download

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SURVEYING PROFESSION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 522-529

Clara-Beatrice VILCEANU, S.I. HERBAN, C.C. MUŞAT

In the context of changing demographic, technological, economic conditions, of unplanned urbanization, of insufficient development, unrational use of natural resources, everywhere around the world, as well as in Romania, the consequences of natural disasters will be more and more serious for human civilization. This paper has as goal the presentation of methods and materials specific for surveying engineering that are in close connection with environmental engineering and have to be used for continuously monitoring areas affected by disasters. Although sometimes the surveyor’s contribution to certain projects for disaster risk management, meant to develop early-warning-systems or risk maps, is not adequately appreciated, as he is only seen as supplier of measured geometric data, the surveyor has a significant contribution, through his abilities regarding modeling of dynamic systems like construction or slopes and GIS data interpretation. For all these reasons, the old view must be put aside, and the novel element of this paper is brought by underlining the important role that the surveyor has in monitoring the earth surface prone to natural disasters. By means of presenting state of the art technologies, like remote sensing, satellite-based positioning or GIS, the paper shows its high level of topicality. Moreover, the paper’s originality is given by the proposal that the surveyor should always take part in reaching decisions regarding courses of action in disaster risk management. The methods and instruments presented in this paper indicate the stage researches have reached, they are diverse and cover a wide area, making possible even the monitoring of the entire planet. These are geodetic engineering, satellite-based positioning, photogrammetry and remote sensing, GIS and geoinformatics and land management. Although varied and very elaborate, these methods have limits, namely they only help monitoring, anticipating and reconstructing after disasters, but they cannot be used to avoid such calamities from taking place. The importance of this paper also lies in stressing the importance of the surveying profession and the practical applications it has in disaster risk management, thus contributing to achieving sustainable development.

more abstract
sustainable development; surveying; disaster risk management; monitoring; GIS; disaster.

Presentation: oral

Download

Back