Vol 52, No 1 (2020)
MODERN METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTING AND PROCESSING GEOSPACE DATA OF AN OBJECTIVE pag. 3-13
Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA, Luminița Livia BÂRLIBA , Costel BÂRLIBAThe studied building is located in the central area of Timișoara, being bordered to the north and east by Ferdinand I Boulevard, to the south by the Bega canal, to the west by the December 16, 1989 boulevard, located approximately north-central in the Cathedral Park. The Cathedral of the Metropolitan Church of Banat in Timișoara is included in the List of historical monuments in Romania with the classification code SB-II-m-A-12147. It is also the largest religious building in the western part of the country, dedicated to the "Three Hierarchs". This is a true symbol of the municipality and was built between 1936 and 1940. The foundation of the building was built on 1,000 reinforced concrete pillars, given that the land was not solid, due to its swampy structure. The construction has a height of 83.7 meters, being one of the tallest buildings in Timisoara, which classifies it from a religious point of view as the tallest church in Romania. All the buildings in the central area of Timișoara have updated the cadastral data, having the outline implemented in the Land Book. That is why the identification of the land of the disposition of the Timișoara Metropolitan Cathedral in the bases of OCPI was easy. An MMS Leica Pegasus Backpack was used to carry out the work. All the steps from the recognition of the land and the objective, the execution of the field works and the post-processing of the data to the level of a compatible file for the architectural programs that will benefit from these data in order to restore the objective have been completed. The automation of specialized works involves quite high costs, in terms of purchasing and owning a professional MMS equipment and dedicated software. Although the acquisition cost is high, these costs are much easier to justify, because the volume of data processed is large and easy to obtain in the field, through the short time of execution of works. Thus, the results obtained are used to analyze problems of a wide variety.
more abstractMMS Leica Pegasus Backpack, post-processing steps.
Presentation: oral
DownloadMETHODS OF ACQUISITION AND DATA PROCESSING CARRIED OUT WITH DJI PHANTOM 4 PRO V2.0 UAV EQUIPMENT pag. 14-23
Florin Cristian BÂRLIBA, Luminița Livia BÂRLIBA , Costel BÂRLIBAThe purpose of the work was to perform scanning and determination works of the roof of the Timișoara Metropolitan Cathedral, a building included in CF 447217 Timisoara by performing a drone flight to visualize the current state of its roof and create a 3D model. The architectural concept for the Orthodox Cathedral in Timișoara is in the Moldavian style, creatively processed with several different influences, of which the Gothic style is predominant. The buildings, belonging to this style, present a completely different architecture from that of other Orthodox buildings in Timișoara, built in the interwar period. The construction itself is also characterized by the ample play of roofs. The cathedral building contrasts harmoniously with the great triumphal arch of the Timișoara Opera, creating a plastic tension, which brings new scenic values to the urban space in Victoriei Square. Several phases were completed, so the identification of areas was performed and topographic strategies were established. In the information gathering phase, a topographic survey was performed with the help of GPS-RTK GNSS technology, in order to perform the drone flight. The data processing and the elaboration of the documentation was done with specialized computer programs specific to UAV technology, respectively Agisoft, transcalculated in Stereo 70 projection. The steps used are part of the methods used in the work of all profile offices, high-performance high-performance equipment for state-of-the-art field work for the execution of data retrieval, as well as for post-processing of data in order to accurately perform the final work. This ability to perform rapid spatial analysis provides both a qualitative and quantitative advantage by being on an upward slope and expanding use in various fields of activity. The most important qualities are the possibilities of automating works in the field of spatial analysis compared to graphically oriented systems: computer graphics processing. These possibilities of automating such works allow geographic reference data to be created and used in different fields of activity.
more abstractUAV DJI Phantom 4 PRO V2.0. RTK GNSS Leica GS 08, Agisoft PhotoScan Professional
Presentation: oral
DownloadAPPLICABILITY OF SCOT (START CODON TARGETED) MARKERS IN EVALUATION OF THYMUS GENETICALLY VARIABILITY pag. 24-30
Rodica BEICU, Sorina POPESCU, Alina NEACŞU, Ilinca-Merima IMBREAIdentifying plant species and assessing variability, is often difficult if only morphological traits are analyzed. This statement is also valid in the case of thyme. For this reason, it is necessary to expand research in the field of biochemical and DNA analysis. The aim of this paper was to investigate the possibilities of using ScoT markers to assess diversity in different wild thymus genotypes. Therefore, 13 spontaneously ecotypes of Thymus collected from the western part of Romania were analyzed with 4 ScoT (Start Codon Targeted) markers (Scot 11, Scot 14, Scot 35 and Scot 36), compared to a cultivated genotype. The plants were collected from their natural habitat and the DNA was extracted from fresh leaves, based on CTAB method. ScoT primers were used because they combine the advantages of random amplification, which gives them a general character with the evaluation of coding chromosomal areas. Thus, 117 alleles were amplified, with an average of 29.25 alleles/primer. All bands were polymorphic and the analysis of the variance showed an average PIC (polymorphism information content) of 0.370 and an average polymorphic index (PI) of 10.57, which places the analyzed markers in the category of highly polymorphic, with increased discrimination power. Therefore, it has been shown that the assessment of variability and the establishment of similarity indices in Thymus using ScoT markers is possible and can be the basis for complex molecular genetic analysis. The four used primers generated complex DNA fingerprints, in which all bands were polymorphic, therefore no band was common to all analyzed ecotypes. The data obtained allowed the elaboration of a dendrogram that groups the analyzed ecotypes according to the similarity index. It has been shown that the assessment of variability and the establishment of similarity indices in Thymus using ScoT markers is possible and can be the basis of complex molecular genetic analysis.
more abstractThymus, ScoT markers, variability, dendrogram
Presentation: poster
DownloadFEATURES OF THE SPECIES MONARDA DIDYMA CULTIVATED UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF DIDACTIC-EXPERIMENTAL STATION IN TIMISOARA, ROMANIA pag. 31-36
Florina Nicoleta (căs. Botoș) BOJINESCU1, Georgeta POPMedicinal plants are a category of plant species that accumulate, in certain parts of the plant, various active principles useful in treating various conditions. Medicinal plants in various forms have served health since the beginning of the world. With the development of the chemical industry, some popular remed ies have been given a different form, have been modernized. Most of the time, the effect of using medicinal plants is slow, requiring longer, but less risky and cheaper treatment. The effect of medicinal plants is more complex, acting on several organs or systems concurrently. Medicinal plants have fewer and much lower side effects. [Pop G. 2001, Fraternale D. 2006,Lawrence B.M.]. Therapeutic essential oils are very concentrated natural substances; they are volatile, biologically active and very effective from a therapeutic point of view. Essential oils are obtained from plants by a method of distillation in most cases, under special conditions of pressure and temperature. Following this process, the plants release some volatile biologically active components from their flowers, leaves, branches, roots, bark or seeds. [Baratta M.T1998, , Burt S.2004, Dean S. G. 1987]. Most essential oils contain components with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Monarda didyma is an herbaceous plant, whose healing properties were known in Antiquity. The flower is often used as a medicine, as well as added to food in the form of spices. Monarda didyma came to our country in the 19th century and, for a long time, it had a decorative purpose. Today, the plant is widely used for treating various conditions, for strengthening the immune system, and for solving cosmetic problems. It is a very useful plant. [Rus C.F. 2013, Bojor O. 2009]. The name of this genre was given by the 18th-century physicist and Swedish physician, Karl Linné, in honour of the Spanish researcher and doctor Nicholas Monardes of the 16th century, who published a 1574 paper on new plants of America. [Yvone Y. 2012] Genus: Monarda, Family: Lamiaceae (alt. Labiatae), Subfamily: Nepetoideae, Tribe: Mentheae, Subtribe: Menthinae. The plant contains biologically active compounds and auxiliary components. Bioactive elements are turpentines – substances in the composition of essential oil [Bojor O. 2005, Suhaj M. 2006]. Some varieties of Monarda didyma contain characteristic substances that mimic the taste and smell of peppermint and lemon. It has been scientifically proven that prolonged use of Monarda didyma -based drugs is not dependent. The comprehensive treatment of a number of diseases with this plant and antibiotics accelerates recovery.
more abstractfeatures, Monarda Didyma, pedoclimatic, Timișoara, biometric measurement
Presentation: poster
DownloadANTIFUNGAL ACTION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MONARDA DIDYMA pag. 37-43
Florina Nicoleta (căs. Botoș) BOJINESCU1, Renata ȘUMĂLAN, Iuliana POPESCU Georgeta POPThis study refers to the establishment of minimum inhibitory concentrations of mycelial growth (MIC) in vitro conditions on fungi: Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus flavus and the correlation of this index with the chemical composition of Monarda didyma oil. We notice that the volatile oil of Monarda didyma inhibits the development of the mycelium of the two fungi, at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3%, having a high antifungal potential, due to the favorable ratio between linalool and thymol compounds. Cultura de Monarda was located in the experimental field of the Experimental Didactic Resort of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat “King Mihai I of Romania” from Timisoara. From 282 g total amount of dried grass was obtained 10 ml of essential oil, and from 300 grams of fresh grass (inflorescences and leaves) was obtained 2 ml of essential oil, by Soxleth extraction method. The analysis of the volatile oil of Monarda didyma cultivated in the years 2018-2019 highlighted up to 29 compounds, highlighting a high content of linalool 34.84-56.29%, thymol 12.29-19.90%, o-cimol 10.77- 18.31%, terpinen range 5.14-15.46% which varied depending on the condition of the material from which the fresh (green) or dry volatile oil was extracted, the time of harvest, the climatic conditions and the different ratio between inflorescences and leaves of the samples from which the oil was extracted. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times in the human body’s struggle with disease. Modern science has, now, demonstrated the subtle effect they have on the body. In search of what was necessary for life, man noticed that some plants, placed on wounds, relieved the pain, favouring their scarring, and that others, when consumed, cured some diseases. The cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants is favoured by the pedoclimatic conditions in Romania. The variety of natural conditions favours a variety of species, which are sources of plant material for medicine and nutrition. Medicinal and aromatic plants are known from Antiquity, the ancient civilizations contributing to the knowledge and use of as many species as possible. Parallel to the development of chemistry, it was also possible to know the active substances (active principles) of plants. In the production of medicinal plants and herbs, the quality of the products is given by the content of active principles. The quantity of active principles in the plant is subject to ecological factors, species zoning, cultivation technology, biological value of the cultivar (population, variety, hybrid, etc.) and, last but not least, primary and secondary processing arrangements. When choosing a species for a given crop area, the complexity of the interaction of different vegetation factors shall be taken into account to ensure an optimal ratio between the pedoclimatic conditions and the biological requirements of the plants. This avoids situations where natural conditions may increase the production of plant biomass to the detriment of the content in active principles. The cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants is favoured by the pedoclimatic conditions in Romania. Their variety favours a variety of species, which are a source of plant material for medicine, perfumery and nutrition
more abstractMonarda Didyma, antifungal, esential oil, Botritys, Aspergilius
Presentation: poster
DownloadANTHRACNOSE (DISCULA DESTRUCTIVA), A NEW DISEASE AFFECTING POPULATIONS OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS) FROM THE BANAT MOUNTAINS pag. 44-50
Adrian BORCEAN, Florinel IMBREAIn the flora of the Banat mountains there are important populations of Cornus mas known as Cornelian cherry in Europe and as dogwood un North America. Those populations are placed especially on the slopes up to an altitude below 1000 meters. Like many other species, this shrub can be used both for medicinal purposes (especially fruits but also young leaves and shoots) and as an ornamental plant (especially for live fences or even as a honey plant in some areas). Flowers, fruits and bark of Cornelian cherry (harvested from young shoots) are used as a medicinal plant. In other areas of the world Cornelian cherry seeds are used to obtain a special medicinal oil. From the shrubs bark a red pigment can be obtained. Also, the leaves can be used as a source for tannin extraction. The wood of this species is very hard and can be used even in the manufacture hinges for wooden fence gates. During the study of the medicinal plants pathogens from the spontaneous flora of the Banat mountains, we observed relatively small spots (max. 15 mm) of black color. Some of this spots have a central light color point. Those dark spots were randomly placed on the entire leaf surface, between the ribs. During the laboratory analysis, the fruiting bodies observed were acervulus. This fulfilled all the anatomical characteristics of the species Colletotrichum acutatum, a characteristic pathogen for the Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas). The present paper presents results regarding the spread of the pathogen in the investigated area and also an assessment regarding the amount of inoculum of the pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum. Cornelian cherry populations on which observations have been made are distributed on different altitude steps and also cover all the relief forms present in the investigated area, from the floodplain of some rivers such as Nera and Cerna and up to high mountain valleys such as the one in which the city of Anina is located.
more abstractCornelian cherry, anthracnose, Colletotrichum acutatum
Presentation: poster
DownloadNATURAL PROTECTED AREAS IN THE CONTINENTAL BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGION (ROMANIA) pag. 51-60
C. BOSTAN1,2, Loredana COPĂCEAN, Luminița COJOCARIU1,2, M.S. PASCU, Adina HORABLAGA, M. HORABLAGA1,2, F. BORLEA, I. DUNEA-BĂNĂȚEAN, Alina AGAPIE1,2The continental bioregion covers over a quarter of the territory of the European Union, including in whole or in part, the territory of 13 EU Member States. A comparison of the percentage of coverage for each bioregion in the EU shows that the continental bioregion occupies 29.3% of the EU territory, ranking first among all nine bioregions in the EU Member States. On the Romanian territory there are five biogeographical regions established at European level: continental, alpine, Pannonian, Pontic (Black Sea) and steppe (present only in Romania). The purpose of this paper is to present the number and distribution of protected natural areas, their area and share, in the continental biogeographic region of Romania. For the elaboration of this study there were used: geospatial data, Digital Elevation model with spatial resolution at 25 m and auxiliary geospatial data. The continental bioregion overlaps on large areas in Romania, in the central, southern and northeastern part, on 13,469,987.94 ha, which means 56.5% of Romania's territory. The protected natural areas in the continental biogeographical region were analyzed by categories, in terms of occupied territory, but also in terms of interrelationships between them. On the Romanian territory, from the continental biogeographical region, 3,629,684.90 ha, respectively 26.94%, are included in different categories of protected natural areas, distributed as follows: SPAs = 1,393,100.90 ha (38.38% from the territory) divided into 95 entities; SCIs = 1,390,611.97 ha (38.31% of the territory), divided into 272 entities; RORMS on the surface of 340,770.38 ha (9.39% of the territory), divided into 9 entities; NP on the area of 313,354.78 ha (8.63% of the territory), divided into 11 units; NP on the area of 103,430.19 ha (2.85% of the territory), divided into 7 units; RN on the surface of 88,348.81 ha (2.43% of the territory), divided into 425 entities, RS on the surface of 37.78 ha, with a single entity; MN on the surface of 30.07 ha, with a single entity. Through the data provided in the paper, we wanted to present a detailed situation of protected natural areas in the continental bioregion in Romania, compared to the entire bioregion in the EU.
more abstractbiogeographical regions, continental bioregion, coverage, protected areas.
Presentation: poster
DownloadANATOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON OENOTHERA BIENNIS L. USING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) pag. 61-71
Viviane Beatrice BOTA, Violeta TURCUȘ, Ciprian-Valentin MIHALI, Gicu-Gabriel ARSENE, Lăcrămioara Carmen IVĂNESCU, Maria Magdalena ZAMFIRACHEOenothera biennis L. (Evening Primrose or Evening Star) is a species of interest given by its medicinal and nutritive properties as well as for its economic value. It is also one of the earliest plant models in genetics and cytogenetics. Currently, O. biennis is cultivated mostly for its seeds, from which is extracted the Evening Primrose oil (EPO), rich in γ-linolenic acid. EPO is commercialized in diverse products, from nutritional supplements to cosmetics. The rest of the plant has medicinal value, being used to treat asthma, cough, intestinal pain, inflammation, and as an analgesic. The present study focuses on the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the main vegetative organs of O. biennis. For this study, the plant was collected from Macea village, Arad County, in the years 2015 and 2017. Root (lower part and upper part), stem (lower part and upper part), petiole and leaf samples were prepared according to current optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques, then observed and photographed with Novex-Holland optical microscope and Quanta 250 SEM microscope, respectively. The analyzed samples have shown the presence of a secondary structure at the level of central cylinder for both the root and the stem, a casparyan type endodermis, starchy liberian parenchyma, and numerous cells with calcium oxalate raphides. The pith had a thick, parenchymatic-cellulosic aspect, of meatic type. In the stem, the pith can present aeriferous cavities of irregular shapes.The root cortex presents what appear to be mucilage cavities. There has been observed a difference between the inferior part (towards the apex) and the superior part (towards the base) of the root and stem regarding the number of cells, their size, and their dispositions. Both the stem and the foliar limb present on their epidermis two types of trichomes: long and straight, short and curved. The foliar limb is amphistomatic and has additional secretory hairs. Our results contribute to a better understanding of this plant’s structure and possible storage areas for active compounds of pharmacological interest.
more abstractOenothera biennis, morpho-anatomy, root, stem, leaf, petiole, SEM
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE PRESENCE OF ASPLENIUM GENUS IN “ALEXANDRU BELDIE” HERBARIUM FROM “MARIN DRĂCEA” NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN FORESTRY pag. 72-77
Cătălin-Ionel CIONTU, Maria DINCĂAsplenium Genus is well represented within Alexandru Beldie Herbarium from „Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry. This fact is consolidated by the presence of 92 vouchers that contain plants from this genus as well as by the information they include. The data refers to their harvesting location which covers almost the entire country and important names of specialists who have contributed to the collection’s development by gathering or identifying Asplenium plants. The present paper organizes and presents the Asplenium species present in the herbarium, reaching a total number of 16 species and 88 samples based on their harvesting place and year as well as the specialist who has collected the plant. Furthermore, additional criteria are also tracked, such as: drawer’s number, voucher’s number, botanic collection, specie’s name, harvesting date, harvesting place, the specialist who has collected and / or determined the species, and the conservation degree. This last criterion was placed on a scale from 1 to 4 with 1 meaning a very good conservation state while 4 represents a very poor conservation state. In addition, the most important Asplenium species from the herbarium are also described from the point of view of their abundance in the collection. The paper starts with a short description of the herbarium, followed by the presentation of the studied material (92 vouchers that contain 16 Asplenium species). This stage details also the materials and methods used for elaborating the paper, organizing the plants and describing the most important ones. The herbarium hosts a sample of a rare species mentioned in the Red Book of superior Romanian plants (Asplenium lepidum Presl.). Alternatively, the collection can take pride in old Asplenium plants with an historical value that were collected 180 years ago (Asplenium trichomane L, 1842). In addition, the paper represents graphically the plants’ harvesting periods as well as a map of their harvesting places from Romania. The conclusions present some remarkable aspects regarding the species and samples of Asplenium present in this herbarium.
more abstractherbarium, plants, flowers, leaves, botanists
Presentation: poster
DownloadMICROHABITATES IN THE BEECH NATURAL AND MANAGED FOREST - SHORT REVIEW pag. 78-85
Ciontu Cătălin-Ionel, Turcu Daniel-Ond, Borlea Gheroghe-FlorianMicroHabitats = MHs are important features for conserving forest biodiversity. Other structural indicators of forest biodiversity have been well studied in recent decades, but these microhabitats do not, partly due to the lack of widely accepted definitions, partly due to lack of knowledge regarding them. Although the number of microhabitat studies has increased recently, the determinants of microhabitat profiles in natural forests in different geographical regions remain unknown. Some of the approaches for studying tree microhabitats used as a proxy for estimating forest biodiversity are briefly presented in this study.The concern for this domain of tree microhabitats used as a proxy for estimating forest biodiversity is a relatively new field for Romania. This brief review first describes the concept of tree microhabitats, virgin forest and managed forest, and then focuses on current approaches to the study of microhabitats, both in terms of the system proposed by the European Forestry Institute (EFI) through the Integrated + project and materialized in the Catalog of tree microhabitats, as well as through the German system, these models being developed in Europe. Comparison between natural forests and managed forests with regard tree microhabitats is not a completely new idea, from this point of view, forests have been studied in which forest management (management, harvesting of wood) was interrupted - in some cases very recently, in others a long time ago. The advantage of the study started by me is that I can collect data from truly virgin forests, in which wood was never harvested. In order to conserve the biodiversity of forest ecosystems, foresters could, through the applied forest manager, "imitate" the structural characteristics of natural forests favorable to microhabitats: a larger number of large trees and dead trees on the surface unit.Long-term scientific research on the structure, dynamics and biodiversity of high-grade forest ecosystems (virgin forests) is of particular importance for the development, adoption and implementation of forest management measures close to nature, sustainable both economically and ecologically, and favorable for biodiversity.
more abstractmicrohabitats, natural forest (unmanaged), managed forest, beech forests
Presentation: oral
DownloadWINTER RESISTANCES OF OILSEED CANOLA AND RESEEDING OF DAMAGED BY FROST AREAS WITH SPRING CROPS pag. 86-93
Grozi DELCHEVDuring 2016 - 2018 was conducted a field experiment. It was carried out a field experiment as a block method in 4 repetitions, on a 15 m2 harvesting area. It was investigated 8 winter oilseed canola hybrids (Brassica napus L.): 3 conventional hybrids - PT271, Dariot and Cesario; 1 conventional Maximus hybrid – PX113; 3 Clearfield hybrids - PT279CL, Fenix CL and Aquarelle CL; 1 Clearfield Maximus hybrid - PX125CL. On areas with damaged by frost winter canola, at the spring were sowed and investigated: 1 conventional spring oilseed canola hybrid - Axana; 1 forage pea cultivar - Mir (Pisum sativum L.); 1 chickpea cultivar - Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.); 1 coriander cultivar - Lozen (Coriandrum sativum L.); 1 milk thistle cultivar - Silmar (Silybum marianum Gaertn.). It was investigated the changes occurring in seed yields under the influence of weather conditions in all variants. Mathematical data processing was done by the method of analysis of variance. Conventional hybrids PT271 and Dariot, conventional Maximus hybrid PX113, Clearfield hybrids PT279CL and Fenix CL and Clearfield Maximus hybrid PX125CL, overwinter successfully despite of adverse weather conditions, due to its very good winter resistance and the applied chemical treatments. Through some agricultural activities adverse weather conditions can be reduced to an acceptable minimum. Seed yields of spring oilseed canola hybrid Axana with optimal sowing density are lower than the yields of winter hybrids Cesario and Aquarelle CL with minimum sowing densities. It is recommended to harvested crops of winter canola hybrids with minimum density to 15 plants / m2 instead they reseeding with spring canola hybrids. After plowing areas with damaged by frost winter canola hybrids without any problems can be sown forage pea. After plowing of canola crops, it is more appropriate to sow chickpea in which weed control is carried out by soil treatment with herbicide Merlin flex, followed by foliar treatment with herbicide tank mixture Challenge + Shadow. Coriander and milk thistle are suitable crops for sowing on areas after damaged by frost winter oilseed canola.
more abstractwinter resistance, oilseed canola, forage pea, chickpea, coriander, milk thistle
Presentation: poster
DownloadOAK FOREST FROM ROMANIA’S WEST PLAIN UNDER CONSERVATION REGIME pag. 94-101
L. DINCĂ, I. CÂNTARThe present paper reunites in a subjective synthesis data from forest management plans from the West Plain realized during 1995-2008. The study was focused on stands under conservation regime that have in their composition one of the most important tree species from Romania: oaks. The research method has involved extracting from the data base the subparcels belonging to the 1-3C functional category. As such, the following elements were analysed: the surface occupied by oak stands in the West Plain, the species included in their composition, age, pruning, field inclination, altitude, flora, forest type, soil and forest station. According to the Forest Management Technical Norms, namely to the framing of forests in groups, subgroups and functional categories, the 1-3 functional category is represented by Forests with protection functions against climatic and harmful industrial factors and belongs to the 3d functional subgroup (Forests with protection functions against climatic and harmful industrial factors) from the 1st functional group (Forests with special protection functions). The research’s results show that oak forests under conservation regime represent over 1/3 of the entire surface of forest with protection functions against climatic and harmful industrial factors from the West Plain. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is the most widespread species from these types of stands, covering a total area of 1370 ha. Red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is another oak species that can be found in a significant percentage in the West Plain forests. The altitude at which stands under the conservation regime can be found in the West Plain range between 110 and 340 m. The specific fields are plane while the soils are mostly situated in the stagnic luvisol category. Carex brizoides-Agrostis alba is the most widespread type of flora from these stands. This paper’s results can be a pillar for an adequate management of these stands as well as for their conservation and for the perpetuation of their protection role.
more abstractoak stands, West Plain, altitude, exposition, field slope.
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE USE OF GEOMATICS TECHNOLOGIES IN MONITORING THE EARTH'S SURFACE COVER pag. 102-111
DOROBANTU Silviu, HERBEI Mihai Valentin, POPESCU George, DICU Daniel, HERBEI Roxana Claudia, BERTICI RaduRemote sensing is the technical field that deals with the detection, measurement, recording and visualization in the form of images, of electromagnetic radiation, emitted by objects and phenomena on Earth or in the Universe, from a distance, without having direct contact with them. The present research had as main objective the study of agricultural land based on the spectral information obtained from satellite images, the study area being within the Experimental Didactic Station of the BUASMV Timisoara. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the efficiency of remote sensing, satellite technologies, regarding the acquisition of data from the Earth`s surface and their interpretation, so that the obtained results serve as many fields of activity as possible. In order to reach the research objectives, the Sentinel 2 remote sensing system was used, the images being downloaded from the portal www.planet.com. The Sentinel-2 mission has the following capabilities: Multi-spectral data with 13 bands in the visible part, near the infrared and the one with the infrared short wave of the spectrum; Systematic global coverage of land areas from 56 ° S to 84 ° N, coastal waters and the entire Mediterranean Sea; Review every 5 days from the same viewing angles. At high latitudes, Sentinel-2 overlaps, and some regions will be observed twice or more every 5 days, but with different viewing angles; 10 m, 20 m and 60 m spatial resolution; 290 km field of view; Free and open data policy. The use of vegetation indices in the field of precision agriculture represents a new and of great interest for an adequate management of agricultural crops. In recent years, various studies have aimed at correlating vegetation, soil or water indices, calculated from remote sensing images, from drones or from the camera with data collected from the ground in order to increase agricultural productivity.
more abstractsoil agricultural crops, GIS, monitoring, Remote sensing
Presentation: poster
DownloadASSESSMENT OF TEMPORAL VARIABILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND BY FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE IMAGERY pag. 112-121
Florin Sala, Cosmin Alin Popescu, Mihai Valentin HerbeiThe study used fractal analysis and remote sensing technique to analyze and describe the temporal variation of an agricultural area. The satellite images (10 images) were achieved in the Rapid Eye system (RGB - 321, False Color - 532), between 28.03 - 31.10 2017. The study was carried out over a total time interval (T) of 218 days, with several partial intervals between the moments of the satellite images acquisition (t), that varied between 10 and 49 days. The fractal analysis was performed on the binarized images, using the box-counting method. Fractal dimensions (D) were obtained in conditions of statistical accuracy (R2 for D=0.999). Fractal dimensions had values ranging between D=1.735 (trial 9, data 29.09) and D=1.810 (trial 1, data 28.03). ANOVA test, single factor, highlighted the existence of variance in the experimental data set and statistical accuracy of the data (F>Fcrit, p<<0.001), under conditions of Alpha=0.001. There were identified very high negative correlations between D and T (r=-0.942). The variation of the fractal dimension (D) with respect to T has been accurately described by a polynomial model of degree 2, under conditions of R=0.951, p<<0.001, and by a model of smoothing spline, under conditions of statistical certainty ( ). In the framework of PCA analysis, PC1 has explained 87.845% of variance, and PC2 has explained 10.688% of variance. Cluster analysis, based on fractal dimensions (D), led to the grouping of the studied cases, associated with the ten moments of time, according to the Euclidean distances, under statistical accuracy conditions (Coph.corr=0.895). Variants were found to be grouped into two distinct clusters. With a high degree of affinity, variants were associated as follows, 4 with 5 (sample data 28.06, 08.07), subcluster C1, variants 7 with 8 (sample data 19.08, 10.09) and variants 9 with 10 (sample data 29.09, 31.10), subcluster C2, respectively variants 2 with 3 (sample data 15.05, 03.06), subcluster C3. Estimating a moment in time T depending on the values of the fractal dimensions (D) was possible on the basis of a model expressed by a polynomial equation of 3rd degree, under conditions of statistical accuracy R2=0.947, p=0.00031.
more abstractagricultural land, fractal analysis, fractal dimension, PCA, temporal variability
Presentation: poster
DownloadAPRICOT TREES, A NEW ATTRACTION FOR THE BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG pag. 122-127
Ioana GROZEA, Alina Stan CosteaBrown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) is currently one of the most aggressive pentatomide species in Europe. In recent years, it has expanded both territorially and as host plants. A series of reports of stink bugs were made on host plants from the most varied, from herbaceous and ornamental crops, to cultivated and ornamental woods. Among them were mentioned until now species of trees of the genus Prunus, but not all. Through the observations made in spring-summer 2019 (in a private garden in western Romania), the set of host plants with another species, namely Prunus armeniaca (apricot), is supplemented. Observations have shown that the insect feeds on fruit that produces obvious damage. The fruits were damaged throughout the baking but also in the pre-baking stage. The stink bugs have also been observed on the leaves but it is not clear whether they are feeding on their sap or just searching for fruit. Numerous stages of development of the brown marmorated stink bugs have been quantified, from the earliest instars to the mature ones. Also the adults were observed, and their injuries led to the compromise of fruit production per tree. Their population level ranged from 1 individual to 5 individuals per fruit. From the observed ones, the symptomatology on the apricot fruits is different from the one mentioned so far in other fruits. This included both direct and indirect injuries. The direct ones were reflected in diffuse brown spots of various sizes, from small to united and extended spots on large surfaces of the fruit (sometimes encompassing all the fruit). In conclusion, the species is adaptable to new host plants regardless of the consistency or essence of the plant tissue. And this can be a big problem in the future in the context in which other factors (caused by climate change) contribute to the spread and multiplication of pests and implicitly the decrease of fruit production around the world.
more abstractInvazive, brown marmorated stink bug, apricot, damage, fruit
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DownloadTHE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF THE CORYTHUCHA CILIATA AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF THE LAST YEARS pag. 128-133
Grozea Ioana, Stef Ramona, Virteiu Ana Maria, Cărăbeț Alin, Butnariu Monica, Molnar LeventeIn the last two years, in the peri-urban and urban areas of the city of Timisoara (Romania) numerous small insects have been observed. These have been identified as species of the Tingidae family, the order Hemiptera, more specifically species of Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bugs). In the western part of the country, the species has had a less evolution and without entering the attention, until 2017. In the last two years it gradually experienced an increasing evolution, so that in summer and autumn of 2019, the population level of they became so great that they changed their behaviour. Known as a pest of the plane tree (Platanus sp.), it has developed adaptive abilities to other species and is often observed on birch trees (Betula sp.). During the month of August when the temperature was high the insect became aggressive, so that in the 2 locations where the observations were made (private gardens with houses) behavioural deviations were recorded. In detail, individuals had a chaotic flight and an attraction to human skin (people in the locations under observation were stung manifesting mild allergy symptoms). Also frequent in September and October (during the pre-wintering period) they were observed on other plants (conifers) in association with the predatory spiders, caught in their canvas. The cause of their presence on conifers is not known, but most likely they have withdrawn to house buildings and in plants with foliage more often in search of heat, in order to wintering. Some of them were seen on terraces and houses. It is obvious that with the changes in temperature in recent years produced changes in the biology and behaviour of this species. As such, it is important to constantly monitor insect populations and to find solutions for their management, especially invasive ones, as well as the target species of this work.
more abstractCorythucha ciliata, sycamore lace bugs, behaviour, climate change.
Presentation: poster
DownloadSUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING OF THE FERTILIZATION LEVEL ON THE CHERNOZEM LEACHED IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA pag. 134-139
Nicolai LEAH, Vera PANU, Tamara LEAHThe evaluation results on the sunflower productivity in long-term experiences cultivated on the leached (cambic) chernozem according to the fertilization level and agrometeorological conditions of the 2011-2019 years are presented. The humus content in the arable layer of chernozem constitutes 3.4%; pHH2O = 6.8; ∑Ca + Mg = 37.4 meq 100g -1 of soil; texture clayey-loamy. Research in Moldova has shown that the average multiannual rainfall ensures obtaining of 2.7 t ha-1 of sunflower seed. From account of the soil natural fertility the 1.4 tons of sunflower seeds can be obtained. The untapped value of sunflower seed production under soil humidity conditions is 1.3 t ha-1. Crop rotation: wheat, corn, sunflower, barley, rape and legumes (alfalfa, peas, beans, soybeans). Investigations were carried out on the mineral nutrition levels: mobile phosphorus in the soil - 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5 mg 100g-1 of soil; exchangeable potassium in the soil - 29-32 mg 100g-1 of soil (Macighin method). Nitrogen doses were applied annually in doses - 0, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg ha-1. Sunflower seed production obtained from the control variant (unfertilized) with natural background (P1.0-1.2K29-30) ranged from 0.85 t ha-1 to 1.93 t ha-1. Administration of the mineral fertilizers on the natural background on average for 6 years led to the increase of the sunflower yields from 1.49 t ha-1 to 2.55 t ha-1, the production increase by 18-71%. On the phosphorus levels the crop yield increased from 18% containing 1.5 mg to 52% - 3.0-3.5 mg 100g-1 of mobile phosphorus in soil versus the background level N45K30 mg 100 g-1 of soil. On the P3.5K30 (PK) variant, the increase in yield versus of control variant was 38%. In nitrogen-based versions of PK at doses of 30-90 kg ha-1 the increase in sunflower production was 53-70% compared to the control variant and 15-32% relative to PK variant. The optimal soil phosphorus level for leached chernozem in the sunflower cultivation was 3.0-3.5 mg 100g-1 of soil (Macighin method), and optimal nitrogen level - 45-60 kg ha-1.
more abstractChernozem leached, Fertilization, Nutrition level, Productivity, Sunflower.
Presentation: poster
DownloadCHANGES IN THE QUALITY STATUS OF ARABLE GRAY SOILS OF THE NORTHERN AREA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA USED IN AGRICULTURE pag. 140-147
Tamara Leah, Valerian Cerbari, Nicolai LeahThe arable Grey soils of the Northern area of the Republic of Moldova, compared to the natural (virgin) ones, are characterized by a moderate degradation of the properties as a result of the dehumification, destructured and considerable decrease of biophilic elements content. The texture of the arable and virgin gray soils is practically analogous - clayey in the upper part of the profile and clayey-loamy in the illuvial or iluvial-cambic horizons. In the recent conditions of the structural state of the arable layer of these soils, the clay texture can be appreciated as good in terms of soil tillage. Due to the clayey texture the arable layer works comparatively easily, the plow is less bulky than in the case of the fine textured soils (clayey-loamy, clayey or loamy-clayey). The texture of the illuvial (illuvial - cambic) horizons Bhtw and Btw is clayey-loamy. The medium-fine texture and the monolithic structure have led to the excessive compaction of these horizons and formation an unfavorable physical quality state. The arable gray soils are relatively poor in humus and nutrients; the presence of compact illuvial horizons leads to decreasing the water permeability and, as a result, they are periodically influenced by the temporary excess of humidity; they have a comparatively weakly anti-erosion stability (soils with medium texture, medium-coarse and coarse); their natural fertility is relatively low. The acidity of the arable soils decreased considerably, which led to stopping the eluviation-illuviation process, but it remained enough high. The illuvial horizons of virgin and arable gray soils are characterized by unfavorable chemical and physical properties - excessive compaction, acid reaction, low nutrient content. The continued use of arable gray soils under conditions of organic and chemical fertilizer deficiency will lead to further depletion of nutrients and organic matter, to aggravation of their quality status. The main pedoameliorative measures for these soils are: increase the organic matter content in the arable layer using mineral and organic fertilizers, green fertilizers, organic and waste residues, implementation of zonal crop rotation; improvement of the soil tillage system - once in 3-4 years the plowing at a depth of 35 cm to crush the newly strongly compacted postarable layer, the periodic tillage with the chisel at a depth of 40-50 cm for partial loosening of the extremely compact natural illuvial horizon.
more abstractgray soil, compactation, organic matter, structure, northern area of R.Moldova
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DownloadMETHODS USED FOR HEAVY METAL DETERMINATION IN AGRICULTURAL INPUTS pag. 148-158
Roxana Maria MADJAR, Andrei MOȚ, Gina VASILE SCĂEȚEANU, Mircea MIHALACHELately, organic farming has become a big part of the economy, and its importance is constantly growing. Since the organic farming is subject to a number of restrictions, not all agricultural inputs used in conventional agriculture can be used. Focusing on environment and human health protection, a number of inputs have been studied for acceptance in organic farming. Some of the most used inputs are ashes, composts, certain mineral fertilizers and manure. In order to be used as soil amendments, these inputs should meet a series of standards regarding the content on different elements or substances, to be sure that they are not harmful to health or to environment. Besides pesticides, antibiotics, dioxins and other substances, heavy metals are one of the most common contaminants in these inputs. Their quantitative analysis and correlation with current legislation should be one of the key factors in approving their use. These inputs are obtained from materials used in various industries and subject to different treatments such: combustion at 700-1000oC in the case of ashes, slow fermentation in the case of compost and manure or chemical synthesis for some fertilizers accepted in organic farming. This diversity leads to different methods of analysis, depending on the type of sample. Thus, analysis of certain inputs may require additional steps in the analysis protocol. For some heavy metals, there may be differences from the standard procedure, also. It should be mentioned that each method has its own limitations, and each class of instrumentation had a specific precision that depends of manufacturers. The accuracy of obtained result is strongly related to chemist’s decision in choosing proper and most suitable analysis method. This paper presents a list of methods used for heavy metals analysis in different matrices, found in recent studies. For the analytical metods of these elements, the sample preparation is an important step, which consists in sample conversion into a liquid form by various means. The methods for dissolving samples are also presented as they are described by the studies.
more abstractheavy metals, inputs, organic agriculture
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DownloadCONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF GRASSLAND PHYTO-COENOSES IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE TIMIS RIVER BASIN ON FORAGE AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (BANAT, ROMANIA) pag. 159-166
Teodor MARUȘCA, Alma L. NICOLINThe assessment of forage production on permanent grassland phyto-coenoses based on floristic sampling outlines an economic indicator necessary to establish optimal animal loading. The present paper is a case study for the upper and middle basin of the Timiş River in Banat (Romania), which, on an altitudinal gauge of 100-2,190 m, presents 347 surveys of 27 associations belonging to 15 phyto-sociological alliances from the Semenic, Țarcu-Godeanu and Poiana Ruscă Mountains to the Lugoj Plain. In order to assess production, the grasslands were divided into three main physical and geographical categories, namely: sub-alpine and mountain meadows with an average production of 3.2 t/ha useful phyto-mass (feed), hill and plain meadows with a production of 6.6 t/ha and flooding meadows, terraces and depressions with a production of 11.4 t/ha green forage. The most valuable grasslands used by grazing with animals (Al. Cynosurion and Agrostion stoloniferae) can produce 11.7 to 13.8 t/ha green forage which can provide 146-230 kg/ha live weight increase in bovine and sheep youth in the optimal grazing season. The meadows used as a haymaking fields (Arrhenetheretum elatioris, Ahopecuretum pratensis, Festucetum pratensis) provide very good productions of 16.8-19.0 t/ha green forage. Several phyto-coenoses located in the sub-alpine floor, those invaded by Nardus stricta and Vaccinium sp. in the mountain area or those located on land with permanent excess moisture achieve only 0.3-1.3 t/ha green forage, being considered economically degraded. As a conclusion, the live weight gain of young animals in the grazing season ranges from 20 to almost 200 kg/ha depending on the production of green forage/ha, making it a good start to the practice of organic farming under the conditions of proper management. Knowledge of the production of grassland forage is extremely useful for drawing up pastoral facilities, preserving biodiversity in the protection of the environment and pastoral landscapes.
more abstractgrassland phyto-coenoses, green forage production, animal weight increase
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DownloadDEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF FIELD TOMATO UNDER DIFFERENT WATER SUPPLY pag. 167-177
M. D. MÁTÉ, Ildikó SZALÓKINÉ ZIMAIn this paper the effect of different water supply treatments of processing tomato planted under field conditions was examined in the growing season of 2017, 2018 and 2019, so as to see how these various treatments affect the height of tomato plant and the chlorophyll content of the leaf (SPAD value ). At harvest, the amount and proportion of stems to total fruits, the amount of red (marketable), green and diseased berries within the total crop, and the weight of small, medium and large berries within the red fruits were examined. Besides this, the soluble solids content of the red fruits was also determined. The field experiment was carried out in Szarvas, Hungary on the experimental area (School Land) of Szent István University. The soil type was chernozem meadow. The plots received different water supplies. Treatments are marked with: K; I50; I75; I100. The I100 = 100% represents the same water supply as potential evapotranspiration (PET). The plots with lower water supply received a certain percentage of the irrigation water delivered at 100 % water treatment. Control (K) received only the amount of water by the precipitation besides the required irrigation (irrigation right after planting, irrigation after fertilization events). Increasing water supply results in a rising tendency at plant height and a decreasing trend at SPAD values. Regarding the ratio of stems to total fruits, it can be stated that due to the increasing water supply increases the weight of both the total fruits and the stem. The distribution of the quality categories of all the fruits points to the fact that an excessive dose of water not only increases the total fruit yield but also increases the weight of red (marketable) berries, and the number of ill fruits. Increasing water doses increase the weight of medium and large fruits within the red fruit compared to the control treatment. According to the results of the soluble solids measurement, the increasing water supply decreases the soluble solids content of the fruits. Larger tomato fruits have a slightly lower soluble solids content than medium and smaller fruits have.
more abstracttomato, fruit yield, water supply, soluble solids content
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DownloadRESEARCHES ON THE USE OF TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF THE GERMINATIVE BED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELDS pag. 178-182
Ph.D. Stud. Eng. MĂRUNȚELU I1., Prof. Ph.D. Eng. BRĂTUCU Gh1.The preparation of the germinating bed is the most important link in plant culture technology without which the optimal result in qualitative and quantitative terms could not be obtained. Actually, the preparation of the germinating bed is a secondary work of the soil that is executed after plowing and consists in the fragmentation, crushing of the clod andstructural macro-aggregates of the soil in order to achieve a uniform surface, that is to say, a layer, “loose, well-sharpened and uniform”. The work is in fact composed of several operations in relation to the type of soil, the cultivated plant and the technical equipment used. The germination bed preparation works in the experimental fields are performed in similar conditions as in field works but with more attention. These require the rational use of resources and the use of technical equipment that does not cause environmental disturbance. Achieving unprepared land is essential in order to achieve uniform conditions of seed germination, growth and uniform development of all plants. Works must comply with all agro-technical requirements, especially those relating to the epoch and time of execution. The preparation of the germinating bed consists in the mobilization, crushing and loosing of the soil at a depth equal to 1 or 2 cm bigger than the depth of sowing, to ensure conditions of humidity, light and heat for uniform germination and breeding. If these conditions are not met, seed germination and breeding are staggered, resulting gaps in the crop, and there will be great risks for the attack of phytopathogenic agents, resulting in decreased production. The germination bed preparation works in experimental fields are usually executed with disc harrow and agricultural milling, the movements being oblique and perpendicular to the direction of the plowing, in order to obtain maximum uniformity. Avoid excessive soil mowing, which could adversely affect the results of the experiments, but do not leave any bulbs that could negatively affect the quality of the crops. For all ground preparation work, it is recommended not to perform machine overturns on the experimental field surface, but outside it.
more abstractgermination bed, technical equipment, experimental field, qualitative indices
Presentation: oral
DownloadAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF TORMAC LOCALITY, TIMIȘ COUNTY pag. 183-187
Adalbert, OKROS1, Paul PÎRȘAN, Vlad MIRCOV, Casiana MIHUȚ, Maria Manuela CRISTAIn the current international economic situation of prolonged food crisis, agricultural products have ensured a safe sale, bringing to agricultural producers’ remunerative income, which contributes to their material well-being. The world’s great political and food powers have turned food aid into a political weapon, dominating the least developed or food-strapped countries. The fate and importance of agriculture is linked to the economic, social and political importance of the farmer as a factor of production and development in any society. The economic importance of the farmer is determined by the possibility of self-satisfaction of his most significant needs to live – food. Therefore, the farmer is more independent and more resistant to exhortations or measures that come from outside his concerns. Having been able to adjust his own balance of income and expenses, more than any other professional, he is able to multiply his own wealth, thus contributing to the increase of national wealth. The special social importance of farmers derives from their undying love of ancestral land, nurtured for centuries with the blood of estates and ancestors. Therefore, the farmer is the guarantor of the preservation of ancestral traditions, of the customs of the earth, which give content to the personality of a people. From a political point of view, farmers form the basis of national existence. Therefore, even in the case of Romania, their strength is the strength of the state. Romanian statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist Mihail Kogălniceanu (1817-1891) said that peasants are the very most powerful element of the Romanian nation because they are the country itself. The Commune of Tormac is located in the southeast of Timiş County, Romania. It borders to the north the communes of Niţchidorf and Sacoșul Turcesc, to the south with the Commune of Gătaia, to the west with the communes of Voiteg and Liebling, and to the east with Caraş-Severin County. Tormac comprises the villages of Tormac, Şipet and Cadar. Tormac is 135 m above sea level and, morphologically, the territory of the area falls within the sub-hill plain of Şipet and the Pogonici Plain. The latter starts 160-170 m above sea level and descends in the form of fan, fragmented to less than 110 m above sea level to the west, where it passes into the alluvial plain of Timiş
more abstractTormac, agriculture, systems, profit, income, production
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DownloadEFFICIENCY OF WATER USE, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES IN ECOLOGICAL TOMATOES, GROWN IN SOLARIUM, USING DRIP IRRIGATION pag. 188-197
N.C. SABĂU, M. CĂRBUNARU, Anișoara IENCIU, Adelina VENIGAbstract. The need for food production, for a growing population, in sufficient quantities and of high quality, in the conditions of today's global climate changes represents an important challenge related to the necessity of rational management for water irrigation. In the case of the production of certified organic tomatoes, grown in the solariums, it is necessary to establish the correct water requirement administered by drip irrigation, the scheduling and warning of the waterings and the correct management of the soil moisture, in order to maximize the production. This paper proposes a simple but effective method of determining the water requirement, the scheduling and warning of watering and management of soil moisture, for the ecological culture of tomatoes grown in the solarium, in Husasau de Tinca, Bihor county, starting from the average air temperature, measured inside or outside the solarium. Potential evapotranspiration (ETP) determined with the help of air temperature using the Thornthwaite (ETP Th) and Blaney Criddle (ETP BC) relationships, have significant and distinctly significant correlative links with those measured inside the solarium using the Piche evaporimeter (ETP P) between 1999-2001. Knowing the water consumption of tomatoes grown in the solarium, for the period 1999-2001, specific crop coefficients (Kc) were determined, starting from the ETP Th. For the two systems of culture and distribution of water: without mulching (WM) and the distribution of water at the plant with T type drips and respectively mulching with black foil (mbf) and the distribution of water with microtubes (capillary tubes), the Kc have close values, between 0.55 in September and 1.03 in the May and July months. The optimum real evapotranspiration (ETRO), which is similar to the water requirement of tomatoes, for the hottest vegetation period (April - September) recorded in 2018 (T med = 20.08 ˚C) is 7543.2 m3ha-1, for the WM variant and respectively of 7262.4 m3ha-1 in the MBF variant. The values of Water Utilisation Efficiency coefficient (WUE = 96.1 lkg-1) and the Efficiency of Consumed Water (ECW = 10.5 kg m-3) in the hottest growing season (2018) demonstrate the need to irrigate the organic tomatoes grown in the closed spaces and the superior utilization of water in MBF variant.
more abstractKeywords: potential evapotranspiration; water consumption; drip irrigation; specific crop coefficient; water use efficiency;
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DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON THE WHEAT YIELD UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS FROM LOVRIN IN THE PERIOD 2016-2019 pag. 198-209
ristian Iosif ŞANDOR, Dorin ŢĂRĂU, Alina AGAPIE 2 , Gheorghe DAVIDGetting to know the natural conditions and the technological features for a certain crop presents a special economic and social importance, both for the big agricultural exploitation and for the small producer. Relations of a varied and complex reciprocity are established between the properties of the soil and the main technological elements, fact shown by the level of wheat yields in the period 2016-2019, on a typical Chernozem soil, slightly gleyic, epicalcaric, medium clay loam/medium clay loam from Lovrin, Timis County. Regarding these considerations, the paper presents several aspects regarding the role and the physical-geographical characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the wheat production, based on studies with the theme "Research on pedoclimatic and anthropogenic factors that condition land productivity from the Low Plain of Banat” carried out during the doctoral school, respectively from September 28, 2016 and until now. The research consists of the accumulation of scientific data regarding the evolution of some components of agricultural land productivity, related to the cosmic-atmospheric and telluric-edaphic supply, necessary to substantiate current crop technologies for their efficient use through a thorough knowledge. Thus, the paper presents the results regarding the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the wheat production in the agricultural period 2016-2019, in the physical-geographical and climatic-edaphic conditions from the Low Plain of Banat. Taking into account these aspects regarding the existence of risks, due to various manifestations of natural factors and irrational human interventions, in this paper we tried to transfer the descriptive theoretical activities to analytical ones that lead to practical solutions related to the sustainable management of edaphic resources. The research is in line with the substantiation of sustainable agriculture systems, responding to the requirements of establishing the scientific database necessary to substantiate some technologies and the elaboration of integrated agroecosystem management measures. The importance of this paper derives from the fact that the soil/land properties are differentiated in the territory, both by the variation of the pedogenesis factors and conditions, and by the fact that in the plant production system the productive potential of the soil intersects with the human effort. Hence, we can talk about a cultural technically-economically conditioned productivity, a result of the contribution of soil, climatic factors, human labour, investments with water and fertilizers, quality seed, all vitally integrated by plants in the biomass production.
more abstractKeywords: fertilizers, production, wheat, climate, soil.
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DownloadRESEARCH ON THE ACTION OF BACTERIA BIOPREPARATES ON AGRICULTURAL CULTURES AND SOIL STRUCTURE pag. 210-216
TOADER GEORGE,, CHIURCIU VIORICA, FILIP VALENTINA, Cristian-Ionuț FLOAREA, MAIEREAN NISTOR, BURNICHI FLOAREA, MIREA EMILIAN, CONSTANTIN PETRE, ELENA-VIOLETA TOADER, ILIE LEONARDReducing the impact of chemicalization and harmful organisms in agricultural crops presents many approaches: microbiological, genetic, ecological, etc. Selecting and improving the genetic resources of both seed material, varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops but especially of plant protection and fertilization products (organic products) is the biggest concern of farmers in the last period. The elaboration and use of means of biological control of both the excessive chemicalization and of the pests in the agricultural crops represent the foundation for the application of microbiology as a science in the agricultural field. The paper aimed to present the action of organic fertilizers on the soil and implicitly of agricultural crops (crop plants and agricultural production). The use of chemical fertilization and plant protection products in agricultural crops led to the emergence of the phenomenon of soil supersaturation with chemical elements. The pollution of the soil with chemical elements has led to the increase of the pH from a basic / neutral one to an acid one. The acidification of the soil results in the decrease of the agricultural production, the decrease of the resistance of the plants to certain pests of the structure of the soil but especially the pollution of the soil, of the groundwater with certain chemical elements found in the structure of the fertilizers. The increase of the productions (in the organic fertilized lots) compared to a chemical fertilizer proves that the action of the bacteria in the content of the organic fertilizer has a positive effect on the soil and the crops. The strategy proposed by the researchers from Romvac Company SA, in the field of microbiology, is that of the formulation and use of bacterial biopreparations in the protection of agricultural crops that are of great economic interest, in the elaboration and extension of the range of ecological plant protection products as well as in the processes. to try to replace the conventional chemical fertilizers (pollutants0 with organic fertilizer products based on bacterial cultures. The advantages of these strategies proposed by the researchers are represented by the decrease of the attacks of pests in agricultural crops, the soil ecology with the help of bacteria, the favorable evolution of agricultural ecosystems but especially obtaining a high yield of agricultural crops, implicitly the agricultural production and ensuring superior qualities to the products derived from agricultural production.
more abstractbacterial biopreparations, biological protection and fertilization, ecology, ecological fertilization technologies
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDIES REGARDING MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHIMICAL AND PRODUCTION ASPECTS FOR SOME TRITICALE TYPES (TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK) IN THE CLIMATE AND SOIL CONDITIONS OF ARAD pag. 217-231
UNGUREANU O.C., STANA I.O., UNGUREANU Elena, BOTA Viviane Beatrice, TURCUŞ VioletaThe present study focuses on the behavior of the main autumn triticale types, recommended by domain experts, in the temperature, humidity and soil conditions found in the Arad area. The study is motivated by the need to find the best solutions to expand this crop, considering that this species represents an essential source of carbon hydrates and proteins. A mono-factorial experiment was performed with 6 types of autumn triticale, in optimal technological conditions, in 4 repetitions. The experimental variants are represented by the following triticale types: V1 – Tulnic; V2 – Haiduc; V3 – Stil; V4 – Negoiu; V5 – Mv Medal; V6 – Oda Fd. The average of the 6 studied types was taken as the witness variant. During our experiments, the average values for temperature, precipitations, nebulosity and humidity, didn’t registered significant differences compared to the multiannual average. The temperatures during the cultivation period for triticale, from October to June, were only slightly higher than normal and didn’t hold significant influence over the plant’s growth and development. Precipitations were sufficient for the most part of the vegetation period, with a small deficit for the months March-April and an increase in May. The following aspects were evaluated for each experimental variant: plant size, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, Weight of 1000 grains, hectoliter weight, seeds and straws production, as well as protein, fat and starch content (given in percentage). At the end, the economic efficiency of each type was evaluated. The interaction between the genotype and the environment generates a high degree of variability in regards to the growth and development of cereal plants, especially of triticale species (Triticosecale Wittmack). According to the data obtained in this study, the area of Câmpia Crişurilor can be recommended for the successful cultivation of some autumn triticale types in optimal conditions and with great efficiency.
more abstractTriticosecale Wittmack, Arad, triticale
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