Rjas

Vol 44, No 3 (2012)

EVALUATION OF RATE AND SEED FILLING PERIOD OF BARLEY TO CO-INOCULATION WITH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA (PGPR) AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER pag. 3-8

Zohreh BASHIRZADEH, Rauof Seyed SHARIFI, Mohammad SEDGHI, Kazem KHAVAZI

Present work was conducted to evaluate the inoculation effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) and nitrogen on rate and effective seed filling period on LB-IRAN cultivar of barley. It was done in the year of 2011 growing season in growth chamber of agriculture faculty of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. It factorial experiment on the base of randomized block design. Experimented factors were nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (0, 60, 120, 180 kg per hectare) as an urea source and seed biopriming with PGPR in four levels conclude (no inoculation, inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF and Psedomunas strain 186). Results showed that between studied treatment combinations of seed inoculation with growth promoter bacteria and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, there are differences in effective seed filling period, maximum seed weight and the length of seed filling period. In all treatments maximum seed weight, seed filling duration and seed yield observed in inoculation with Azospirillum and highest nitrogen level and minimum one was non-inoculation and without nitrogen consumption.

more abstract
barley, growth promoter bacteria, seed filling duration and rate

Presentation: oral

Download

VARIATION OF THE SOIL MOISTURE AND WATER RESERVE DEPENDING ON WORKING METHOD IN FORESTRY NURSERIES pag. 9-18

Nicusor Flavius BOJA, Florinel BOJA

The present research has as a purpose the determination of the optimal work methods of the soil used in forestry nurseries and which are meant to obtain high quality saplings by maintaining a possibly large quantity of water in the soil. The research was carried out in the Iarac forestry nursery in the O.S. Iuliu Moldovan during 2009-2011, on an alluvial soil - the vertical-gleiying subtype. The experiment is multi-factorial – the A X B type. The placement of the sample markets was carried out according to the “divided parcels method” in two repetitions, and the surface of the parcel was 80 m 2 . Soil moisture is an important characteristic for the development of the saplings in the forestry nurseries. It suffers big variances in time according to various factors, among which: water interception from rain, outflow, infiltration, retention, capillary ascension etc. A larger quantity of soil moisture can be also obtained through its mobilization by different means of mechanic work Thus, this research presents the results obtained after the working of the soil through different methods on the physical properties (moisture and water resource), determined at the beginning of the vegetation season and at its middle for the scarified and non-scarified soil. The work method of the soil adjusts the main hydro-physical properties for the determination of the soil fertility in order to assure the productive consumption of the saplings and the avoidance of the loss through evaporation.

more abstract
technical work, soil moisture, water resource.

Presentation: oral

Download

POTATO YIELD AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DEPENDING ON PRE-IRRIGATION SOIL MOISTURE pag. 19-24

Djuro BOŠNJAK, Ksenija MAČKIĆ, Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ-VARGA, Žarko ILIN

A field trial has been organized on a chernozem soil in the southern part of the Pannonian Plain, the Vojvodina Province, northern Serbia. The trial included several potato cultivars whose yields are presented at the level of general average. Sprinkler irrigation was used at three levels of pre-irrigation soil moisture: 60%, 70% and 80% of field water capacity ( FWC ). The control plot was not irrigated. Potato yields were highly significantly increased by irrigation. The increases were 70% in semiarid years and threefold in dry years. Highest yields were obtained with the pre-irrigation soil moisture of 70% FWC, which evidently was the lower limit of the optimum soil moisture for potatoes. The rate of water consumption for evapotranspiration of potatoes tended to increase with the increases of pre-irrigation soil moisture. Highest yields were achieved with the water consumption rate of 460 – 480 mm. This amount corresponded to the water requirement of potatoes grown under the local conditions

more abstract
evapotranspiration, potato, pre-irrigation soil moisture

Presentation: oral

Download

PRELIMINARY DATA REGARDING THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON MACRONUTRIENTS CONTENTS IN MAIZE PLANT pag. 25-29

Valentina COTET

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mineral nutritional status of maize in relation with fertilization system. In this context, the paper presents the results obtained after the first year of research concerning the influence of fertilization on the content of macronutrients in maize. For the evaluation of mineral nutrition of maize, measurements of macronutrients have been carried out in the 3-5 leaves stage and plant harvesting stage, respectively. The application of manure and industrial fertilizers is intended to supply the needs of nutrients for plant in certain critical periods of their nutrition and therefore to increase the yields. The fertilization consisted in applying of different doses of fertilizers, on alluvial gleyic Solonchak from Traian - Braila. The experiment has been organized in vegetation pots (type Mitscherlich) with a capacity of 20 kg soil, the PR39D81 maize hybrid. Therefore, a trifactorial experiment A x B x C, in four repetitions has been established. The results were interpreted taking into account the optimal mineral nutrient limits for maize mentioned in the literature. Several conclusions regarding the influence of fertilizers applied to maize, based on interpretation of partial results for the experiment carried out in 2011, are as follows: for the first stage (the 3-5 leaves stage), the macro nutrients contents (% from dry matter) vary depending on the element analyzed as follows: N and P – poor to normal, K – normal to high, Ca and Mg – normal; in the second studied stage (maturity stage), the macro nutrients contents (% from dry matter) vary as follows: N, P and K – poor, Ca and Mg – normal. For a better analysis of the macronutrients contents in maize, on soils affected by salinization, the experiment is carried out in the same circumstances in 2012 also. In the process improvement of salt affected soil, a specific attention must be given in selecting salt tolerant crops according to the stage of the improvement process. It has to be noticed that in the first phase of improvement, the used crops include plants more tolerant to salts, while in the last phase of improvement, when soils become more fertile and with a lower salt content, it is possible to use crops less sensitive to salts, such as rapeseed, soybean, maize, etc.

more abstract
macronutrients, maize, fertilizers system

Presentation: oral

Download

INFLUENCE OF NPK FERTILIZERS UPON WINTER WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY pag. 30-35

Florin CRISTA, Isidora RADULOV, Florin SALA, Laura CRISTA, Adina BERBECEA

Grain protein content amino acid compositions of wheat vary greatly depending on the genotype, fertilizers and environment. The objectives of this work were to determine the variation in the raw protein and amino acid composition of the grain under different type the fertilizers. The amino acids were assayed using ion-exchange chromatography after hydrolyzing with 6 M HCl for 24h at 110°C. Raw protein content from wheat grain was determined by Kjeldahl method, as Kjeldahl nitrogen multiplied with 6.25. Methionine and cystine were analyzed by using formic acid protection prior to acid hydrolysis. The research takes place in experimental field from U.S.A.M.V.B. Didactic Station from Timisoara and after that in the research lab of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department from Faculty of Agriculture. The experiments are stationary type, with wheat – maize – sun flower rotation. Each plot is sub-dived in four repetitions, linear, with size of 10 x 3 m (30 m2). The variety used for this experiment is Alex wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).The fertilizers used are: 20.20.0 complex mineral fertilizers, N 28 liquid foliar fertilizers, Nitrophoska 13.42.0 micro granulated fertilizers.

more abstract
fertilization, wheat, raw protein, amino acids

Presentation: oral

Download

THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDRO-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EDAPHIC COATING IN SUBSTANTIATION OF CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE SYSTEMS pag. 36-43

Daniel Dorin DICU, D. ŢĂRĂU, Gh. ROGOBETE, A. ŢĂRĂU, F. CRISTA

The purpose of the research undertaken has its origins in the current scientific and practical concerns increasingly hard to identify and set up a tillage system, agronomicaly efficient, financial and reduced energy costs, environmental friendly to replace the classic system. The objectives and activities fall within the current agricultural research and agricultural practice, on international and national level, for the study of the importance of hydro-physical characteristics of the edaphic coating in substantiation of conservative tillage systems. From the geomorphological point of view the perimeter of the investigated area belongs to the large physical–geographic unity called the Vinga High Plain. That is the oldest and the most complex among Banat-Crisana plains and extends south of Mures everglade, west of Lipova hills, north of Bega low plain, east of Galatca plain. There are presented physico-geographical conditions of soil formation and evolution, based on judiciously selected reference to the conditions of relief, geology and lithology of surface materials, hydrography and hydrology, climate and vegetation conditions. Soil’s texture is medium clay on the whole profile. The Apparent Density (DA) has medium values in the worked layer from the classic system, high in the first 10 cm in no-till system and very high in the middling third of the soil profile in the two systems. The Total Porosity (PT) has low values in the 0 – 33 cm interval, and also in the 45 – 96 cm one. The aeration porosity has very low values, excepting the worked layer from the classic system, where it has low values and the first 10 cm depth in No-till system where the values are very low. From the analysis of climate data results a large variability of rainfall fell from year to year and from one period to another feature, thus optimal precipitation amounts between 1992-2010 were recorded in only four agricultural years (26,6%). Soil moisture values were closely related to the amount of rainfall recorded in the area. Considering the evolution of soil moisture in the period 2005-2010 the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) shows that the values from cultures in no-tillage system are the more uniform values in the soil profile.

more abstract
soil, moisture, properties, Vinga plain, no-till

Presentation: oral

Download

IMPLICATIONS OF FERTILIZER USE WITHIN EUROPEAN WATER FRAME DIRECTIVE pag. 44-48

Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, Alexandru TUDOSIE, Mihai SUSINSKI

Water Frame Directive (WFD) 2000/60/CE assume the improvement of the quality of the aquatic environment during the next 15 years. Its main objective is to establish a frame for protection of surface waters, transition waters, coastal waters and underground waters. One of the main polluting agents of the aquatic environment is the using of fertilizers and manure. The fertilizer quantities within Europe and worldwide within 1975 – 1996 have increased up to 1985, reaching 110 – 270 kg/ha and to 145 million tones a year in the world. After 1985 there was recorded a tendency of decreasing fertilizer quantities both in Europe and worldwide. The eutrophication of surface waters and the contamination of underground waters as a result of massive fertilizer application have a grave impact on ecosystems from several countries from Europe. The effect of nutrients on the eutrophication of waters is done by reducing the biodiversity of ecosystems of the surface waters and exaggerated growing of algae (some toxic). Many times, the toxic substances released by algae have determined the death of fish species and fauna as well as human diseases. There results that nitrogen and phosphorus from waters is the elements that determine the ecological status of inland waters. Beginning with 1990, the nitrate concentration of European rivers has stayed relatively constant and the phosphorus one has decreased due to improving of the management of waste waters and the reduction of phosphorus quantities from detergents. In order to reduce nutrient losses from these waters, at European scale there unfolded within 2007-2011 period the COST Program, Action 869 which I joined. This program has established 80 mitigation options of nutrients losses that can be grouped as follows: nutrient management, crop management, husbandries management, soil management, water management, land use changing management, landscape management, surface waters managemen.

more abstract
nutrient loss, water quality, Water Frame Directive

Presentation: oral

Download

DRAINAGE OF HISTOSOLS pag. 49-54

Adia GROZAV, Gheorghe ROGOBETE

Histosols form on parts of landscapes where there is concentration of run-on, retention of precipitation, or discharge of groundwater. Histosols cover approximately 275 million hectares plus 40 million hectares on humid coastal plains. In Romania, peat bogs are included in the class Histisols, with only one genetic type of soil – Histosol, that have in the first 100 cm of soil profile a T – histic horizon with at least 50 cm thick. Distribution of Histosols in Romania is in the high moor and in the low moor. The high moors are situated in 265 bogs, with 1351 hectarea, in the depressions of the mountains, like Sebeș, Semenic, Bucegi, Dorna, Borsec, Tușnad, Oaș. The low moors are in the bogs from Eriu, Crasna, Livada, Ciuc. The main process is the accumulation of organic materials under anaerobic conditions. Another difference with mineral soils is that peat soils show a certain rate of oxidation after drainage. Utilization of Histosols for cultivation is affected by several of their properties. In such cases the land needs some improvement methods, like a drainage system, liming material, chemical fertilizer. The consequences of an improved drainage are: shrinkage of the top layers; oxidation of organic matter; compression of the layers below the groundwater table; irreversible desiccation of the organic matter. A specific feature of Histosols is their generally low bulk density, which range from 0.19 to 0.22 g/cm 3 . Water content of Histosols are related to degree of decomposition, and ranged from 100% for undecomposed, near-surface sphagnum moss peat to less 80% for deeper, more decomposed peat. Field capacity at Histosols – Ciceu, ranged between 48.6 to 260.0 %. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranges from 101 to 281 mm·h -1 . As far as the soil desiccates subsidence can be determined using the specific volume. Another approximation of subsidence can be found by applying the following formula: S=KDT 0.707 ; the subsidence will be 0.383m or 38.3cm. It will be clear that the prediction of subsidence is highly important to the planning of the drainage system. The optimum depth of the groundwater level of grassland in summer is in the temperate zone 50 to 70 cm below land level.

more abstract
Histosols, peat, drainage, subsidence, oxidation

Presentation: oral

Download

WINTER COVER CROPS AS NITROGEN SOURCES IN ORGANIC VINEYARD pag. 55-60

Ranko Risto ČABILOVSKI, D. IVANIŠEVIĆ, Nada KORAĆ, Maja MANOJLOVIĆ, Darinka BOGDANOVIĆ, I. KULJANČIĆ, Mira MEDIĆ

The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of cover crops grown as green manure on the dynamics of mineral nitrogen in the soil under organic vineyard. Field investigations were carried out on the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad, which is located in Sremski Karlovci, Serbia. Winter cover crops were sowed in autumn 2009 and samples of soil, where mineral forms of nitrogen were present, were taken twice during the growing season in 2010 (spring and summer). Winter forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) , used as cover crops in an organic vineyard, showed the influence on the increase of mineral nitrogen in the soil. Oilseed rape, used as a cover crop, is suitable for storing reserves of soil mineral nitrogen in winter and spring, when there is minimal need for nitrogen in the vineyard. Thus, nitrogen losses can be prevented. Apart from uptaking nitrogen from the soil, forage peas also fixate considerable amount of nitrogen from the air and additionally enriches soil with nitrogen. Cover crops use in viticulture is suitable since their vegetation partly overlaps with vineyards vegetation, thus it does not represent a problem for vine plants in the aspect of uptaking nitrogen from the soil

more abstract
forage pea, oilseed rape, nitrogen, organic vineyard

Presentation: oral

Download

INFLUENCE OF CROP RESIDUES AND INCREASING RATES OF NITROGEN ON THE YIELD OF CORN pag. 61-66

Dragana S LATKOVIĆ, Branko MARINKOVIĆ, Jovan CRNOBARAC, Goran JAĆIMOVIĆ, Janoš BERENJI, Vladimir SIKORA

Abstract: Results from an international stationary field trial (ISDV) have been analyzed for effects of increasing nitrogen doses on yield of corn. The trial had been established on a calcareous chernozem soil, at Rimski Šančevi experiment field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. The average yield of grain obtained in the variants with plowed under harvest residues was 9.80 t ha -1 . It was higher by 3.28 t ha -1 than the average yield obtained in the fertilized variants that received no harvest residues. On average for both analyzed hybrids, the highest average yield (11.67 t ha -1 ) was achieved in the fertilization variant with 150 kg ha -1 of nitrogen combined with plowing under of harvest residues.

more abstract
corn, nitrogen, fertilization, crop residues, yield

Presentation: oral

Download

THE TRANSFER FACTOR OF METALS IN SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM pag. 67-72

Alina LAŢO, Isidora RADULOV, Adina BERBECEA, Karol LAŢO, Florin CRISTA

In sewage sludge the metals are finding in different forms, in function of chemical properties of sewage sludge and the chemistry of the metal. It was calculate the transfer factor of some metals, from soil in maize grains after sewage sludge distribution on land. The analyzed metals are: copper, iron and lead. It is known that only a part of the metals content from soil is transferred in plant, in our case being the maize grains. The analyses were made on soil samples and on maize grains. We establish the metals transfer factor using a standard formula. It was choose these three metals because their concentration in sewage sludge was higher comparative to the other metals. The experiment was done on maize hybrid: Lovrin 400 and the soil type is cambic chernozem, poorly glazed, which is characteristic for the USAMVB`s Research Station from Timisoara. The sewage sludge was distributed on land only one time, in different doses: 0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1 and we observe the remaining effect on soil and plants. The content in metals from soil was determinate in aqua regia extract and values were established to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at different wave lengths: Fe at 510 nm, Pb at 217 nm, Cu at 470 nm).The plant samples (maize grains) were burned and after that were treated with HCl 0.1 N, and the content in metals was established as in soil case, using the same method. It was observed in soil a high content of iron, but in case of the other studied elements, their concentration is finding in normal limits. The highest values of transfer factor were determinate in case of iron, than copper and the lowest values were established for lead. After the analyses that were made, the maize grains can be used as food for animals and the fodder is not polluted with toxic metals. In the last years, in each city, after the waste waters treatment result high quantities of sludge which might be used in agriculture but it must be respected some conditions, such as the maximum dose admitted to be distribute on land in order to not produce the pollution of soil, plants, waters and food

more abstract
metals, soil, plant, sewage sludge

Presentation: oral

Download

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE VOJVODINA PROVINCE pag. 73-78

Jelena MARINKOVIĆ, Dragana BJELIĆ, Jovica VASIN, Branislava TINTOR, Jordana NINKOV

The soil fertility is determined by its composition and properties. Soil properties have a strong impact on a range of processes influencing crop yield, including microbial diversity. The distribution of microorganisms in soil is influenced by numerous abiotic and biotic factors, primarily by soil type , plant species , soil usage and tillage , use of organic and mineral fertilizers , irrigation , pesticide application , etc. Therephore, the objective of this study was to examine the distribution of microorganisms in different types of agricultural soils in the Vojvodina Province. The distribution of soil microbes was assessed on the basis of indirect dilution method on appropriate nutritive media. The total number of microorganisms was determined on soil agar, the number of azotobacters on nitrogen-free medium using „fertile drops“ method, ammonifiers on mesopepton agar – MPA, N-fixing bacteria on Fiodor medium, actinomycetes on synthetic medium and fungi on Czapek-Dox agar. Incubation temperature was 28°C, while incubation time depended on the tested group of microorganisms. All investigated microbial groups were found in all locations. Number of the microorganisms was uneven by type of soil. Studies have shown that the highest total number of bacteria was obtained on humogley and chernozem, in the locations of Bečej, Begejci and Kula. The highest distribution was recorded on chernozem, at the locations where the plough-field and harvest residues of maize were found, as well as on fluvisol and humogley. The highest number of ammonium-fixing bacteria was recorded in Zrenjanin, on chernozem. N-fixing bacteria were the most abundant on cambisol, in the locations of Petrovaradin and Vršac, as well as on chernozem, in the locations of Crna Bara, Orlovat, Popinci and Kula. The results showed that the highest number of actinomycetes was obtained in Žednik, on chernozem. The highest number of fungi was observed in Petrovaradin and Vršac, on cambisol. On average, abundance of the most studied microbial groups was the lowest in arenosol, solonchak, solonetz and pseudogley, while the highest distribution was obtained in chernozem, humogley, cambisol and fluvisol.

more abstract
microorganisms, soil, Vojvodina

Presentation: oral

Download

THE EFFECT OF SEVERAL FERTILIZER RATES ON WINTER YIELD AT ARDS CARACAL pag. 79-85

Romulus MOCANU, Dumitrana ROSCA, Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, Mihai SUSINSKI

The paper presents the results of researches carried out within 2008 – 2011 period at ARDS Caracal, District Olt regarding the effect of several fertilizers on winter wheat crop on the cambic baticalcaric chernozem of the zone. The 2008 and 2009 years of the experiment have been less favorable for winter wheat crop yet 2011 has been very favorable which determined much higher yields. On average for three years of research the yields have been directly influenced by fertilizer rates, the nitrogen ones having the highest contribution to the wheat yield increase; however, little differences have been noticed between N 150 and N 200 rates and that proves the low efficacy of higher rates of nitrogen. T he interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus is favorable for winter wheat when the nitrogen rates are applied on P 40-80 background, which determine yields of 4,243 – 5,455 and 4,493 – 5,854 kg/ha; the applying of nitrogen different rates on higher P background of P 120 has determined pretty the same yield results, so, they are not recommended. Nitrogen fertilizers determine the highest increase in winter wheat yield yet the highest nitrogen rate, N 200 has limited the yield. Nitrogen – phosphorus interaction is favorable to winter wheat crop when the yield ranges between 4,243 – 5,455 kg/ha and 4,493 – 5,854 kg/ha; the highest phosphorus background, P 120 has limited the yields and it is not feasible economically. Productivity elements: plants height at harvest, the length of the ear, the number of ear branches and the number of grains in an ear has been favorable influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus rates yet the best results were given by the interaction between two fertilizers. The mass of 1,000 grains has been correlated with the yield, being higher were the yields were bigger: P 80 K 80 N 150 yet, especially, N 150 – N 200 P 80. The mass of 100 liters of grains has decreased or stayed at the same level as a result of different phosphorus rates, has increased after potassium application and has decreased after nitrogen rates application; this parameter has increased as a result of interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus and, especially with nitrogen – potassium. On the basis of researches carried out at ARDS Caracal within 2008-2011 period there can be recommended on the chernozem soil of the zone, in climatically favorable years, the following rate: N100-150 P 80; in less favorable years regarding rainfall: N 50-100 P80.

more abstract
fertilizers, winter wheat, chernozem

Presentation: oral

Download

DROUGHT – A RISK FACTOR IN AGRICULTURE IN WESTERN PLAIN OF AUTUMN 2011 pag. 86-94

Carmen MOISA, Vlad D. MIRCOV, Antoanela COZMA

The drought is a complex meteorological phenomenon, a progressive event, with serious economic repercussions. Droughts can occur in all seasons, with consequences on agricultural activities, differentiated by crop stage. In 2011 it was recorded a prolonged drought that lasted from early August until the first decade of December. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of drought in the fall of 2011, the meteorological causes that determined it, and its effects on agriculture in the Western Plain. Agriculture will face challenges in coming years given the growing frequency of extreme weather events. Application of best agricultural practices compatible with future climatic conditions, can contribute proactively to preserving and protecting the environment.

more abstract
drought, pedological drought, deficiency of precipitation, moisture reserve, anticyclonic ridge

Presentation: oral

Download

YIELD CAPACITY OF THE SOILS IN RECAŞ VITICULTURE CENTRE, TIMIȘ COUNTY pag. 95-101

Adalbert OKROS, Casiana MIHUŢ, Lucian Dumitru NIŢĂ

The object of mapping, bonitation and evaluation is the soil (the ground), the thinnest and most fragile layer of Terra. It is studied in relation to the environmental factors and conditions that influence its existence, and together with them, it forms units (habitats, biotypes, homogenous ecological territories, stations and ecosystems). Each of these units presents specific favourability for the development of different agrarian or natural phytocenoses, with specific aptitudes for being used in agriculture, forestry or in other domains. Soil mapping comprises all the observations, studies and research in the field, laboratory and office. It engulfs operations of systematic examination, identification and morphological, physical, chemical, hydro-physical and biological characterization of the soil. The aim of these operations is to use the soil as the basis for vegetal production, as material in constructions, as rural or urban space for social, economic, cultural or recreational enterprises; another aim is to draw pedological maps, as well as correlative maps (lithological, hydrological, geo-morphological, etc). The action of assessment and evaluation of the so-called quality of land resources is as old as the human activity of living off the land, i.e. on-land production of goods necessary for living. This operation of learning about the soil is made through soil mapping. Choosing the “right” place or “matching” the place with certain uses was the first concern of the agricultural man (after the stage of itinerant agriculture); this skill was learnt intuitively and passed over from generation to generation. Detailed knowledge of the current technological and productive characteristics of each plot of land is very important, as are the possibilities of changing these characteristics for the better. In this way, agricultural producers, as well as the decision-taking institutions of the state, have a useful tool for putting into practice the technical procedures for social and economic measures that will eventually lead to complete and efficient use of land resources.

more abstract

Presentation: oral

Download

CHANGES IN SOIL REACTION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION pag. 102-107

Daniela PÎSLEA, Florin SALA

The aim of our research was to assess the impact of some chemical fertilizers on the acidity of the soil. Soil reaction, or pH, is an important agrochemical indicator of the growth medium, since it defines the conditions of bioavailability of nutritive elements for the plants as well as nutritional relationships. Following the large use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural practice, as well as the acidification phenomenon signalled in the scientific literature, we tested the influence of a complex fertilizer type NPK (15:15:15) and of ammonium nitrate on soil pH. Both types of fertilizers are highly used in everyday practice. The soil the research was made on is a slightly gleized cambic chernozem found in Banat area, more specifically at Timișoara Didactic Station. Complex fertilizers were applied in three doses ensuring 50, 100 and 150 kg N active substance/ha. The nitrogen in the complex fertilizers was nitric and ammonia, in proportion of 6% and . Ammonium nitrate was applied on its own on the three agrofonds NPK ensuring a total of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N active substance/ha. We observed the changes in soil reaction at a depth of 0 – 20 cm, parted in 0 – 10 cm and 10 – 20 cm, in order to note the gradual influence of the fertilizers on the pH. Chemical fertilizers, whether applied separately or together, determined an acidification in soil reaction within the limits of 0.08 – 0.34 pH units for the depth of 0 – 10 cm and 0.09 – 0.31 pH units for the depth of 10 – 20 cm. After performing a comparative analysis of the two layers of soil we found gradual pH changes in relation to the infiltration of the ions coming from fertilizers on the surface of the soil. The mean change in soil reaction for the 0 – 20 cm deep layer is 0.09 pH units for a dose of 100 kg active substance N/ha ammonium nitrate. For fertilization type NPK 150 +N 50 (AA), the mean change is 0.32 pH units.

more abstract
pH, soil, acidification, mineral fertilizers, ammonium nitrate, NPK

Presentation: oral

Download

MINERAL FERTILIZATION EFFECT ON SOIL POTASSIUM AND CORN QUALITY AND YIELD pag. 108-114

Isidora RADULOV, Adina BERBECEA, Florin CRISTA, Alina LATO, Florin SALA

Like nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is major nutrition`s element contributing to large, steady an high quality crops. Potassium is a multifunctional and high mobility element with direct and indirect influence on almost all biochemical and physiological processes. Potassium is associated with movement of water, nutrients, and carbohydrates in plant tissue. If K is deficient or not supplied in adequate amounts, growth is stunted and yields are reduced. Various research efforts have shown that potassium stimulates early growth, increases protein production, improves the efficiency of water use and improves resistance to diseases and insects. The corn crop was grown on cambic chernozem, poorly glazed, the largest soil type on the USAMVB`s Research Station from Timisoara. The stationary experiment performed in the field was based on the rotation of the cultures wheat - corn – sun flower. Each plot was subdivised in four repetitions in liniar disposition, one after the other. The experiment was done on corn hybrid: Lovrin 400. Treatments applied were: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen and 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg•ha-1 phosphorus and potassium. Soil potassium content was determined trough Egner – Rhiem – Domingo method (AL – K). Protein content of corn grains was determined with Kjeldahl method and starch content with Ewers – Grossfeld method. The experimental dates were estimated by multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). A rise in the level of mobile potassium in soil proportional to the increased dose of mineral fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium was recorded all through the research years. The levels of exchangeable potassium goes down while that of the nitrogen fertilizer dose goes up, the highest soil potassium content values occur when the nitrogen fertilizer does not apply. Unlike nitrogen fertilizers, fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium influence the amount of raw protein in the grain of corn to a smaller extend and when applied in larger quantities they entail their decrease. High doses of potassium and phosphorus on plots pre – fertilized with small and fairly large amounts of nitrogen (0 and 50 kg•ha-1) lead to an increased level of starch in the grains of corn. For good soil potassium supply, high and quality corn yields we recommend annual application rates of 100 to 150 kg•ha–1 K alongside nitrogen and phosphorus.

more abstract
fertilization, potassium, maize, raw protein, starch

Presentation: oral

Download

THE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TILLAGE PRACTICES AS THE IMPORTANT FACTOR OF MAINTENANCE OF SOIL FERTILITY pag. 115-120

Jozef SMATANA, Milan MACÁK, Eva DEMJANOVÁ

The field experiments was carried out over the period of 2007-2009 at the experimental farm Kalná nad Hronom in south-western Slovakia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of conventional and reduced tillage and management of organic matter on the soil physical characteristics . The winter wheat – maize – spring barley crop sequence was evaluated. The soil tillage treatments as follows: T1 - conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure (FYM) application to maize (on autumn 2007) and incorporation of post harvested residues of spring barley, winter wheat and maize; T2 - conventional mould board ploughing; T3-no-till Horsch CONCORD CO 9. During June soil samples were taken from 0.05 - 0.10 m, 0.10 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.30 m. Total porosity, soil bulk density and soil moisture was evaluated. The differences between variants of tillage, soil layer and crops growing in different years were ascertained. Evaluated tillage treatments have statistical influence on total porosity and soil bulk density in an average of three years. No till treatment (T3) influenced the less infiltration rate of soil profile with comparison only to mouldboard ploughing treatment+ incorporation of post harvest residues of spring barley, maize and winter wheat . The soil bulk density was highly significantly influenced by weather condition, growing crops, residue management, of used tillage systems and by soil layer . Total porosity range from 37.43 – 56.89% and Soil bulk density range from 1.095 - 1.583 t m 3 , in an average. Average data of total porosity revealed the significant less total porosity in deeper soil layer 0.2 - 0.3 m (40.75%) with comparison to top layer 0.05 - 0.10 m (44.91%). Significantly less total porosity was created under canopy of maize (40.73%) and later on under spring barley (41.92%) with comparison to winter wheat (45.12%). Averaged three year results, the conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure plus incorporation of post harvest residues of spring barley, maize and winter wheat, form the most suitable soil environment (soil bulk density, total porosity and soil humidity retention), but we also recommended no-till for this specific area of Slovak region.

more abstract
conventional tillage, no-till, soil bulk density, total porosity, soil moisture, crop rotation

Presentation: oral

Download

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NAA AND IBA CONCENTRATIONS ON ROOTING OF VEGETATIVE CUTTINGS OF TWO ROSE CULTIVARS pag. 121-127

Elisabeta SUSAJ, L. SUSAJ, Irena KALLÇO

Rose (Rosa sp) is one of the most used ornamental plants for decoration of parks and gardens, and as cut flower, all over the world, as well in Albania. The paper presents the effect of two different concentrations of NAA and IBA on rooting of vegetative cuttings of two cut flower rose cultivars. Study was conducted during 2009 in a flower greenhouse nursery in Kamëz, Tirana. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and five variants per replication, with 100 cuttings (pots) per variant was used. Vegetative axillary cuttings 15 cm long were dipped for 20 seconds in 500 and 1000 ppm powders of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), and were planted in individual pots filled with a mixture 50/50 potting soil and perlite. Survival (rooting) percentage (%), number of roots per cuttings, root length (cm), sprout length every ten days after rooting and at the end of vegetation (cm) were recorded. The data showed that use of different rooting hormones affected the recorded characters of both cultivars, and the different hormone concentrations affected them, as well. Compared to control (untreated cuttings), use of rooting hormones provided significantly higher values of recorded characters of both cultivars, and there were shown differences between cultivars, too. Maximal survival percentage was recorded by using IBA 500 ppm for both cultivars (91% and 89%, respectively), the maximal number of roots (50 and 47 roots) and the longest roots at the end of vegetation (31 and 28 cm) were recorded by using IBA 1000 ppm, but the strongest roots and healthier seedlings were developed by using IBA 500 ppm. At the same time, the use of rooting hormones has positively affected sprout length. The longest sprouts were developed by using IBA 500 ppm (66 and 62.3 cm, respectivley). The increase of NAA and IBA concentration from 500 ppm up to 1000 ppm provided shorter shoots. Use of IBA 500 ppm seems to be the most sustainable practices in terms of seedling production and nature preservation.

more abstract
IBA, NAA, Rosa sp, rooting hormones, vegetative cuttings.

Presentation: oral

Download

THE INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL FIELD CROPS ON SOIL NUTRIENT LOSSES WITHIN HILLY ZONE OF MOLDAVIA pag. 128-132

Mihai SUSINSKI, Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, Marian DOBRE, Eugen FILICHE, R. MOCANU

Within the hilly zone of Moldavia, on sloppy soils, the erosion phenomenon determines the loss of nutrient and humus along with the runoff water. Through thoroughly experiments in a special experimental field with different crops and plots for determining the volume of the runoff water in covered basins there was researched the influence of several crops on nutrient losses from soil on a period of 16 years (1995-2010). The experimental plots have been worked conventionally as regard soil tillages, being cropped by: corn, winter wheat, bromus, bean, soybean, according with crop rotation principles. On the basis of water volume that was collected and its turbidity there were estimated the liquid and solid losses per hectare. From these researches there resulted that with cereal crops there is lost the lowest quantity of nutrients from the soil. This way, in comparison the control fallow treatment plot, with wide row crops (corn, soybean, bean) these losses have been of 13.07 – 28.65% while with cereals (bromus, winter wheat) they only reach 7.15%. As compared with the corn crop plot, these losses are of maximum 22.5% with cereals and of 66.4-89.9% with soybean and 3-5 times higher with the fallow control plot. In conclusion, good protective crops as regard the erosion are bromus and winter wheat; they reduce the impact of the rain drops upon the soil and reduce the possibility to disrupt and transport the soil particles. This way, a higher quantity of water enters into the soil and the nutrient and soil losses are much reduced as compared with fallow or corn.The most sensitive crops as regard nutrients are wide row crops and the most resistant, the cereals. The soil kept as permanent fallow records the highest transformations of the chemical features by losing nutrients. The developing status of the crops has an important role as regard the soil losses, water and nutrients. There is recommended to crop bromus on the slope protective strips.

more abstract
slope, nutrient losses, nitrogen, humus, potassium, cereals, corn

Presentation: oral

Download

RESEARCH ON THE ECO-PEDOLOGYCAL BASIS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND PRODUCTIVITY FROM THE BANAT LOW PLAIN (MURES-BEGA INTERFLUVE) pag. 133-139

Adrian ŢĂRĂU, V. TABĂRĂ, D. DICU

The research goal is the accumulation of scientific data on the ecological and soil conditions necessary to support the agricultural land productivity to promote agricultural practices that use in an sustainable way the edaphic cover from the investigated area. The objectives and activities fall within the current agricultural research and agricultural practice, on international and national level, for the study of the relations between soil conditions and the productivity of agricultural land. The importance, originality and timeliness of work consists in the need of knowledge of environmental and soil conditions, this causing major strands of rural development, of edaphic cover and environment protection. Given these considerations, the authors of this paper tries to present some aspects concerning the use of soil information in promoting environmentally friendly farming practices. Following its settlement, the natural conditions (relief, lithology, hydrology, vegetation) are specific to a low subsidence plains, ramble and build where they formed and evolved main soil types with specific forms of mycro-relief features. Each of the soils identified within the area studied were characterized according to Soil Studies Elaboration Methodology (Vol. I, II, III) using the 23 indicators of evaluation, indicators and features are most important characters, more significant, more precise and easier measurable, which is usually found in soil studies and research work developed by OSPA territories after 1987. The paper offers basic knowledge and methodological elements for evaluation and characterization of the natural and anthropogenic resources, in the hope that the information presented will arouse interest of the decision maker so in the near future agricultural research and practice with environmental protection, to strive for development interdisciplinary studies, not being able to talk about a healthy environment without a healthy soil. Such detailed knowledge of productive and technological characteristics of the contributing, restrictive or limiting factors of agricultural production, both in terms of the actual event and in terms of real possibilities for modifications, may be better for decision-making bodies (government, administration local) a valuable tool for achieving the most appropriate practical measures for the benefit of plant biomass production to improve its conditions of human life and the entire community.

more abstract
biodiversity, yield, crops, durability, evaluation

Presentation: oral

Download

ROMANIAN SOIL TAXONOMY SYSTEM SRTS-2012 pag. 140-145

Dorin ŢĂRĂU, Gh. ROGOBETE, D. DICU, L. NIŢĂ

Soil is the medium that enables us to grow our food, natural fibre and timber. It is not understatement to say that soil is fundamental to the existence of human society. The gradual changes of soil characteristics across the landscape make the study and comparison of different soil types difficult. The credibility of soil science suffers from the lack of a generally accepted system of soil classification. A common language is vital to the functioning of any science. Soil classification is a general term describing any systematic and hierarchical arrangement of soils into categories on the basis of their diagnostic characteristics. During development of knowledge of soils, many kinds of classifications where use before the advent of modern soil science. So called genetic principle remains the guide for most presents day national soil classification. Aware specific terms, Soil Taxonomic recently used in Romania describing that part of soil classification that part of soil classification whereby arrangements of various soil groups and categories are mainly based on natural relationships between various soils. In order to create a common understanding of soil resources in different countries, a new soil classification system, named WRB-SR has been adopted of the International Union of Soil Science. Romanian Soil Taxonomy (SRTS-2012) has been prepared of a group of soil scientists, having as support soil survey and previous soil classification, like Romanian Soil Classification System (SRCS-1980) and the first edition of Romanian Soil Taxonomy System (SRTS-2003). The SRTS 2012 is not a final one. It has to be used, discussed, critized, completed and updated. The SRTS 2012 is organized of 10 chapters and the general principles are: the classification of soils is based on diagnostic horizons, properties and characteristics and the selection of diagnostic horizons, properties and characteristics takes into account their relationship with soil farming processes. The SRTS 2012 is a two-level system of soil taxonomy, a high level, with 12 classes, 29 soil Genetic Types and 67 Soil Subtypes; and a low level, with Soil Variety, Soil Species, Soil Family and Soil Variant. Soil class is defined as a specific pedogenetic horizon or basic property; soil type is represented by soil bodies with similar features and behavior from the same kinds of the main soil forming processes, soil subtypes groups soils characterized by a particular expression of features specific for the soil type. The system presents also correlations between SRCS-1980, SRTS-2003, FAO-UNESCO-1988, WRB-SR-2006 and SRTS-2012.

more abstract
soil, classification, taxonomy, map, horizon

Presentation: oral

Download

COMPARATIVE EARTHWORM RESEARCH IN VARIOUS ECOSYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT ANTHROPIC IMPACT pag. 149-153

Valentina ANDRIUCĂ, Daniela GÎRLA, Mădălina IORDACHE

Using pedofauna research in the integrated agro-ecological monitoring is a necessary perspective, considering that some populations, such as earthworms, characterize the potential soil fertility, health quality and vitality, providing thus ecological stability. Research of pedofauna with positive role for soil fertility allows to monitor the vitality and activity of soil biota and to avoid the critical levels. The present research was conducted in long term field experiments (41 years), in crop rotation, and in monoculture (55 years) at the Didactic Experimental Station "Chetrosu" of the State Agrarian University of Moldova, from Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. Earthworms’ numerical research was performed in six different crop agroecosystems, forest strip and in the Scientific Reserve "Codrii". There were investigated the morphological and physical-chemical features of the soil, which was diagnosed as chernozem (FAO System). Earthworms have been collected in soil samples by 0,25 m2, in 8 repetitions, removing the soil up to 40 cm depth, in layers of 10 cm and further quantitative measurements (number, weight, abundance) were made. Also, the formaldehyde method of earthworm extraction from soil was used (ISO 23611-1/2006). According to research results, the earthworm density in the soil of different field agro-ecosystems can be arranged in the following decreasing range: fallow, alfalfa, wheat, corn, sun-flower, peas. As concerning the distribution by depth horizons, was found a larger earthworm number in the tillage soil, in the horizons with humus, roots and plant debris totally or partially decayed.

more abstract
earthworms, agroecosystems, Pisum sativum L., Helianthus annuus L., Zea mays L., Triticum aestivum L., Medicago sativa L., fallow land, ecological monitoring, chernozeom.

Presentation: oral

Download

ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE POTENTIAL OF FERTILITY OF SOILS FROM INTERFLUVE TIMIS-BEGA (DOWNSTREAM TIMISOARA) pag. 154-162

Josif BOTH, Loredana COPĂCEAN, Iacob BORZA

The analysis the the natural environment (terrain, paleogeographical evolution, geology, climate, hydrography, hydrogeology, soil) and soil fertility potential, ie how to use these soils in the low plain, which is part of the Banat plain requires separate treatment of each component, identifying relationships, influence or conditioning that occurs between these components. In this paper are analyzed the natural characteristics of the interfluve Timis-Bega. The analysis of the natural environment was based on works of scientific documents on the region studied, as well as observations from the site. Interfluve Timis-Bega, downstream of Timisoara, fully overlaps a region of low plains, which is part of the Banat plain. The genesis relief of this unit is closely linked to the dynamics of the foundation plates and microplates of Pannonian Basin, especially those that led to the formation of mountain relief, to the faults and local diving foundation plains. The entire area of the Banat plain and implicitly interfluve Timis-Bega, ranges from average annual isotherms of 10 ° C and 11 ° C and average yearly rainfall is around 600 mm / year. The main rivers courses are Timis and Bega, which is the surface perimeter of limit analyzed. Timis and Bega rivers, over time floods have caused several catastrophic effects of the natural environment and human settlements nearby. It may be mentioned in this regard the flooding caused in 1859, followed by another 30 such events, with very serious consequences. A number of environmental factors and "abandonment of" hydrotechnical works, wich led to a catastrophic hydric event in the spring of 2005. Groundwater level is low in the plain at a depth that influence pedogenetic processes. Until recently, much of the low plain is under increased groundwater influence. Groundwater mineralization determined at different stages of soil salinization. Groundwater bodies related study area are: ROBA03-Timisoara (body of groundwater) and ROBA18 (deep groundwater body). Interfluve Timis-Bega overlap of low plains, with favorable climate conditions and relief, which prints a high fertility soils in this area. The soils from area of analysis have a high degree of fertility. Largest surfaces of total arable land are included in Classes II and III of quality.

more abstract
fertility, natural environment, soil

Presentation: oral

Download

INFLUENCE OF POLLUTANTS’ CONCENTRATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT GRAPEWINE pag. 163-171

Gilda-Diana BUZATU

At the beginning of this millennium, vineyards located near industrial areas are feeling the impact of anthropogenic factors (crop technology and industrial pollution) in the inter-agrobiological peculiarities of some species and varieties, in terms of physiological, biochemical and also in terms of obtaining superior and healthy production both quantitative and qualitative (Souchère V. et al., 2005). Vineyards can be affected by exposure to variable concentrations of air pollutants coming from power plants, cement plants and lime, road, etc., such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fluorine, carbon powder, and suspended powders, etc. (Ionescu Al., 1982). Environmental pollution in recent years has manifested itself with increased intensity, characterized by values of pollutant concentrations exceeding the established standards and regulations in force . Reducing the polluting effect is a major concern for all economic agents as a result of technological processes producing pollutants and of those monitoring the environmental factors. The present research aims to assess the contribution of energy production plants to background pollution with specific pollutants and to identify the effects of pollutants on vineyard agroecosystems in order to assess physiological processes in plants when in the atmosphere is a certain amount of polluting emissions. In order to attain this objective - determining photosynthesis and transpiration at plants under the influence of climate and air quality - monitoring campaigns were conducted of the pollutants immissions which from, both the legislative point of view and in terms of environmental effects, are of particular interest. There have been also carried out analyzes and measurements in order to establish correlations between the concentrations of pollutants found in ambient air in vineyards and the conduct of physiological processes at vine. Loss of commercial productivity or the appearance of visible injury are the end results of perturbation to physiological processes in the plants, particularly in the leaves. In order to develop rational air quality objectives, it is desirable to understand the extent to which plant processes are influenced by the accession of a pollutant.

more abstract
SO2; NOx; photosynthesis; transpiration; grapevine.

Presentation: oral

Download

FACTORS AND DEGRADATION PROCESSES OF SOILS IN THE MIDDLE BASIN OF THE BEGA RIVER pag. 172-176

Loredana COPĂCEAN, Iacob BORZA

Fertility, one of the fundamental characteristics of a soil, has developed over time along with the soils formation and evolution. A number of factors act upon the fertility, limiting and/or degradation processes represented by some soil characteristics and/or environmental factors that lead to its diminishment thus reducing the production capacity of such lands. Conservation of soil fertility implies identifying the limiting factors and the degradation processes, determining their degree of intensity and land area affected. Identification of soil units in the middle basin of the river Bega was based on existing data and Agrochemical Soil Survey Office. Because soil studies are developed by administrative territories, for the purpose of obtaining an overall situation of the middle basin of the river Bega, all types of soil surfaces, within their respective territories, were summarized. Limiting factors and degradation processes, specific to each soil unit, were later determined for the entire region, an area of 49522.37 ha. Very different physical and geographical conditions of the area studied, determined the formation of a complex range of soils, belonging to 6 classes and 13 types of soils. Bega River Middle Basin overlaps the hills area, typical of this area are luvisols (59.43%), hidrisols (10.22%), protisols (8.32%), on other not so extended areas there are cambisols, antrisols and pelisols. On the soils mentioned are acting one or more limiting factors of agricultural production: small reserves of humus, soil reaction, compactness, reduced edaphic useful volume, soil hardness, slope, surface and deep erosion, landslides, land covering (with rocks and boulders) and terrain (land) uniformity, excessive surface humidity and excessive phreatic humidity, each affecting differently the varying soil units. This paper presents the areas affected by each limiting factor relative to the total agricultural area, mentioning that a unit of soil is generally affected by the simultaneous action of several limiting factors and/or degradation processes.

more abstract
environment, fertility, limitations, productivity, quality

Presentation: oral

Download

ANALYSIS ON THE LANDSCAPE AND SOIL FERTILITY POTENTIAL IN UPPER AND MIDDLE BASIN OF THE BEGA RIVER pag. 177-185

Loredana COPACEAN, Iacob BORZA

Analysis of the natural environment of a region (landscape, climate, hydrography, hydrogeology, soils, etc.) requires separate treatment of each component and identifying inter-relationships that take place between them In the upper and middle basin of the Bega river there are distinguished several major relief units (mountains, hills and plains), represented by: Poiana Rusca Mountains, the western hills and depressions, high plains and Bega River floodplain each unit and/or subunit with different environmental characteristics (geological, geomorphological, hydrological, climatic or pedological). The analysis was based on the works of scientific literature of the studied region, as well as on observations made on the terrain. To make maps of the relief there were used topographic maps, which were subsequently processed with specific software Geographic Information Systems, the same software was used for mapping the delimitation of relief units Subsequently, there were then overlaid with a map of administrative units, it was therefore obtained an overview of the percentage shared by each landscape unit in the territories. For the climate characterizing, the data used was recorded at the Lugoj meteorological station and also data extracted from the specialty literature. Situation on the land fund, fertility and of arable land classes were based on information taken from OSPA Timisoara, these data were further analyzed according to the specific conditions of the region analyzed. In the scientific literature, there are few works dealing separately the upper and middle basin of the Bega river therefore to characterize this region as a whole, all the subcomponents have been studied. Environmental conditions vary from one unit and/or subdivision to another. As surface, the biggest share belongs to the low hills. The climate of the analyzed region is tiered according to altitude: lower altitude brings higher temperatures and reduced rainfall. Surface waters are well represented, the main river is Bega. The most important lake is Surduc storage lake. Groundwater have different characteristics depending on the relief unit. Soils are specific to the mountain and hill area. Of the total agricultural area, the largest share belongs to arable land and pastures, excepting the communes in the mountain and high hill areas, where the grassland share increases. Most of the arable land is classifies within the III and IV quality class.

more abstract
: relief, climate, hidrology, soils, environment

Presentation: oral

Download

PROPOSAL FOR A NEW INDEX DESCRIBING THE LINK BETWEEN TREE AGE AND PRODUCTIVITY CLASS pag. 186-191

L.S. DOROG

Abstract: The correct affiliation of the tree stands to productivity class, particularly the young, between 30-40 years old stands is hindered by difficulties due to highly variable height growth dynamics which is dependent upon a multitude of factors such as stand characteristics and site conditions. The determination of productivity class according to the average stand height in old growth managed stands was performed with certain amount of approximation causing the affiliation of the same stand to different productivity classes during its lifetime. Hence, stands of 30-40 years are affiliated with approximation to productivity classes due to multiple causes, all circumscribed to the accuracy of tree heights measurement. The combined influence of factors determining height growth leads to misclassifications within productivity class system. There are situations when stands, during their life cycle transit to different productivity classes, an inexplicable situation from the perspective of the growth dynamics under long-term more or less stable site conditions. Therefore, the present paper proposes indices based on the ratio between average tree height and basal area which enable the correct determination of the productivity class. The ratios were calculated for same tree age separately for the five consecrated productivity classes and regression equations were obtained for the corresponding productivity class for spruce (Picea abies) and fir (Abies alba). The paper aims to establish an index covering the link between growth and site conditions for several important and valuable tree species from the forestry fund. Data from tree and stand biometry tables were employed for heights and basal areas ratios which were calculated in accordance to productivity classes and age. That is why there are some inconvenient to establish very rigorous the productivity classes in the old system. The approach presented in the paper can be used as a starting point for a new and reliable system permitting the determination of the productivity classes .

more abstract
Average tree height, basal area, productivity class, regression equations

Presentation: oral

Download

THE EFFECT OF THE FOREST VEGETATION ON SNOW DEPOSITION: CASE STUDY, THE FORESTS AT THE FRINGE OF NOJORID AND PAUSA LOCALITIES pag. 192-198

L.S. DOROG

Abstract: The presence of the snow layer plays important energetic, hydrological and ecological roles upon forest vegetation. Snow deposition is highly influenced by dominant wind direction during the snowing episode and also by the presence or absence of obstacles (forest stands, vegetation debris on cultivated lands, various types of constructions). The present paper presents the results of the snow layer thickness measurements within the forest and in the nearby area. The measurements were performed in 16-18 February 2012, after a heavy snowing episode during 14-15 February 2012. Data processing was performed with Kyplot software for the comparison of snow depositions within the forest, outside the forest and between these situations. The variations of the snow depositions thickness were not significant within the forest and extremely significant nearby the forest. In most occasions, the forest played the role of a wall diminishing the wind speed therefore the snow was deposited preponderantly outside the forest where various obstacles were intercepted. Tree windbreaks have beneficial roles: decrease the damaging effect of the dry winds, increase water contents of the soil and, at last but not at least, protect communication routes within and between localities. Within forest stands playing the role of windbreaks, the snow layer is deposited more or less in a non-uniform manner depending on the wind speed and direction also, the windbreak orientation. It is necessary to take into consideration as priority for local and central administrations for long term planning of the tree windbreaks designed to protect communication routes and localities respectively in areas affected by hard winds during the winters due to increased incidence of extreme meteorological events. Risk analysis in exposed areas and the application of correct measures should become priorities at national level in order to decrease the unfavourable effects of the extreme meteorological events.

more abstract
Sow layer, distribution, forest vegetation effect,comparative analysis

Presentation: oral

Download

GEOMATICS – POSSIBLE SOLLUTION FOR AN EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS pag. 199-206

Carmen GRECEA, Clara-Beatrice VILCEANU

Nowadays, the economic interest for mountain regions is increasing. In this context, the management of these territories is of growing significance and therefore has become also the target of topographic and geodetic monitoring. More and more, decisions concerning mountain areas are taken by authorities located far away from the areas of interest. Therefore, reliable extensive information is required to recommend or to adopt realistic and sustainable measures. Management of spatial data by means of Geographic Information System (GIS) plays an essential role based on the latest achievements in Geomatics domain. The main purpose of this research is to create an adequate and complete Geographic Information System which will act as a base for the speleological research carried out in the Semenic – Caraş Gorges National Park which includes part of the largest karstic area in Romania. This research theme was chosen because surveyors possess an important experience in maintaining huge spatial databases at a very high level of reliability. The study points out over 600 speleological cavities in the National Park of Semenic, taking also into consideration the surface features. Seeing that speleology is a multidisciplinary science, we aim to compile a large number of data from different fields (karstology, topography, hydrology), thus creating a comprehensive database, accessible through the software interface which can be used in a large number of scenarios (the development of thematic trails, natural resource management, cave conservation etc.). The proposed Geographic Information System is, first of all, a tool for scientific research carried out in the karstic environment in the National Park, but can also become a powerful aid of the National Park Administration guiding to an efficient land management.

more abstract
geomatics, surveying, environmental engineering, GIS, speleology, karstic area

Presentation: oral

Download

THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT APPLIED TO RETECHNOLOGIING A HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT pag. 207-212

Maria Roberta GRIDAN, Adrian ALIONESCU, Sorin HERBAN

The world where we live is in constant changing. The concept of sustainable development, through the fact that it refers to the optimal resources management that can be efficiently and on long term utilized, is about limiting the effects of human activity towards the environment. Considering that domestic and industrial activities are based in a very large proportion on electricity, the way of its production represents an important concern. This is an important issue because Romania is a country which has renewable energy sources, which are not exploited at the optimal utilization capacity. To unlock the potential of renewable sources is needed an energy strategy that leverages these renewable energy sources and that our country to align with the current European trends. Besides of implementing the electric energy generating solutions through alternative solutions, an element of high importance represents the optimization of the potential use of energy. The monitoring systems provide the right solution for surveying the structure of a long bridge, an hydraulic layout, the movement of a slope, or tracking the settlement of a dam or a building. 3D geometries play a special role in the modernization projects developed within the existing ones. This paper present the research stages in order to optimal water energy utilization and the identification of the turbines production capacity increasing possibilities. For achieving this porpoise a complex topographical survey was necessary to highlight the real situation. The topographical measurements were performed using Leica 1205 TCRA total station. The topographical measurements were performed in the following areas: the penstock area, near the butterfly valve and in the spiral case area. The data, obtained from the topographical measurements, were compared with the reconstructed 3D geometry, based on the documentation made available by the beneficiary. Based on the differences between the two geometries the modernization conclusions were presented.

more abstract
sustainable development, monitoring,3D reconstruction; polar coordinates; hydraulic layout

Presentation: oral

Download

LANDSLIDE MONITORING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 213-220

S.I. HERBAN, Clara-Beatrice VILCEANU

protection has been, even since ancient times, one of man’s major interests, given the obvious negative impact of anthropic activities on natural environment. For ancient cities the need for clean water supply was a necessity and managing waste became necessary whenever people organized a settlement. It is vital for us to know the ecological state of the world, as well as to determine the dangers that might affect the environment, including the irrational exploitation of natural resources, demographical problems, unsustainable development and climate change. A hazard is a very damaging natural or anthropic phenomenon, whose occurrence is due to the overstepping of safety measures each society has to observe. A hazard turns into a disaster if there are at least 10 human lives lost or 50 people injured and material losses of over a million dollars. New technologies such as GPS or laser scanning have significant potential use in the analysis of natural hazards such as landslides. Relying on the recent advances in the mentioned techniques, this paper aims to present the monitoring of a landslide situated in Slănic Prahova, Romania. The present paper takes the opportunity to use GPS and laser scanner data to attempt an analysis for ground displacements induced by landslide hazard, thus showing its high level of topicality. Moreover, the paper’s originality is given by the fact that, for the monitoring process which is very important in ensuring sustainable development, state of art technology was used The methods and instruments presented in this paper are characteristic to geodetic and topographic engineering. Although varied and very elaborate, these methods have limits, namely they only help monitoring, anticipating and reconstructing after disasters, but they cannot be used to avoid such hazards from taking place. The importance of this paper also lies in stressing the importance of the surveying profession needed for hazard monitoring, in particular landslide monitoring, thus contributing to achieving sustainable development.

more abstract
sustainable development, landslide monitoring, GPS, laser scanner, hazard.

Presentation: oral

Download

STUDY CONCERNING WATER REQUIREMENTS IN APPLE TREE AND HYDRIC DEFICIT IN THE CONDITIONS OF TIMISOARA (2000-2010) pag. 221-226

Anisoara Aurelia IENCIU, Silvica ONCIA, Laura SMULEAC, Pal FAZAKAS

This paper presents a study of water consumption in apple tree in the conditions of Timisoara, between 2000 and 2010, and of water deficit during apple tree vegetation period. Well knowing water requirements of a fruit tree species is of importance in determining irrigation requirements if we wish to obtain large high-quality productions. Literature shows that water requirements vary depending on the different biological, meteorological, soil, and technological factors. This explains largely the different results mentioned in literature concerning annual, monthly and daily water requirements in apple tree in different geographical areas. The theme has direct applicability in practice, particularly for the farmers. Research was carried out on the fruit tree plantation of the Didactic Station of the Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine of Timisoara, Romania, within a trial organised in an intensive apple tree plantation. The apple tree cultivar we studied, Jonathan, is precocious, very productive, and moderately pretentious as far as climate and soil are concerned, resistant to apple scab, codling moth or apple root aphid. The soil is a cambic chernozem, poorly gleyed, with low salinisation and alkalinisation below 100 cm, meso lime, on fine medium loessoid deposits, medium loamy clay. The value of hydrophysic indices show that the soil has a high capacity of retaining water since it has a natural fertility favourable to apple tree and is suitable for drip irrigation. The studied area is within the moderate temperate continental climate area, with a mean multiannual temperature of 10.8 0 C and atmospheric precipitations reaching a mean multiannual value of 631.0 mm. Water consumption was calculated with the Thornthwaite formula, the most suited taking into account that it best correlates with research field results. Thus, we calculated monthly, daily total and mean water consumption during the vegetation period (April 1 – October 1) for all the studied years between 2000 and 2010, and then we compared these consumption levels with the coverage degree from precipitations during the same period of time, obtaining hydric deficits, i.e. the necessity of covering them through irrigation. The highest hydric deficits were in 2000 and 2009 (447.12 mm and 355.76 mm, respectively), but there has been hydric deficit that coincided with maximum consumption periods in apple tree (June, July and August).We also need to supplement these hydric deficits through drip irrigation, the method with the lowest water consumption, compared to classical irrigation methods. water requirement, apple tree, hydric deficit

more abstract
water requirement, apple tree, hydric deficit

Presentation: oral

Download

AGRICULTURE IN THE VAT SYSTEM pag. 227-232

Djojo ARSENOVIC, Srđan LALIC, Biljana STANIVUK, Brankica NJEGUS

The accounting of our rural households is becoming more and more prevalent and common. In the new system of registration of agricultural households, where the commercial ones have a completely different treatment, this question becomes even more popular. Farms within the scope of VAT (value added tax) had to have appropriate records in the past as well. Those were never massive or complex accounting and bookkeeping operations. With just a little bit more attention, you will surely have far more benefits from the efforts that you put in. Precisely for the above-mentioned reason, agricultural records of value added tax differ from tax records of other companies. First of all, the tax is calculated under a different rate, lowered by the amount of subsidies. Also, the paper will point out that certain agricultural enterprises are excluded from the system of value added tax because their income doesn’t move in such high Rezonants, i.e. it is not large enough to be taxed. In order to give more detailed analysis of the problem, this paper will also analyze the income which can be taxed and how high it is. Legally speaking, there are some disagreements in the registration of VAT because in reality two or more companies work together and one of them is not a taxpayer, and the other one is. It is because of these disagreements that we see some drawbacks of accounting records but also the legal coverage of this matter. Furthermore, the main objective of this paper is to present the records of agricultural value added tax and to point out its main features. Although the goal of the paper is to give a detailed presentation, even a partial one will be enough, because it is hard to keep up with the constant legal and accounting changes in this area. The importance of monitoring and operating a small farm, and importance of this paper as well, lies in two reasons: First of all, bookkeeping is completely neglected on farms, and secondly, farmers do not recognize the benefits it brings because this is an additional activity which has no connection with the practical everyday work they do. During the writing of this paper, we used the combined methods of research (relevant methodology). This primarily refers to the research literature, financial and accounting methods, historical methods and other relevant general scientific methods (induction, deduction,synthesis).

more abstract
agriculture, value added tax (VAT), bookkeeping, rural households, farms

Presentation: oral

Download

THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION pag. 233-239

Srđan LALIĆ, Nevena PERIĆ, Dražen JOVANOVIĆ

Agriculture is a specific economic activity because its mode of production remained at a lower level in comparison to other industrial companies. Of course, this mainly relates to small agricultural enterprises but to some extent it is also the case with the highly developed agricultural economies, because the process of production may not be the same as in other economic activities. In essence, these differences between agriculture and other economic activities can be clearly seen in accounting records. Through various estimations and calculations as well as through other accounting methods we recognize a little more specific type of recording and use some accounts that are not present in other economic activities. The key difference is found in the strong agricultural subsidies as a powerful instrument for the further development and modernization of agriculture. It should be noted that since its foundation the European Union has directed its budget, as well as the majority of incomes, to agriculture. The main intention of this study is to explore biological process of transformation, which leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in the biological asset - process of growth, quality changes, production and reproduction, each of which can be measured. We will also indicate their economic benefit – how changes in the value of biological assets affect the important income and expenses entries. For a detailed analysis of the problem, we examine the concept and the accounting records of biological transformation process. We also analyze the effects of applying the fair value as an asset evaluating method and the effects of fair evaluation on the balance statements of agricultural enterprises. In addition, the application of accounting methods by which the biological growth is recognized and measured by using the current fair value in relation to the historical cost accounting method is also discussed. The importance of this approach is reflected in the fact that when the biological growth is recognized and measured using the current fair value, the changes in fair value are recorded throughout the whole period, for instance, from planting a tree to its cutting. This method contributes to minimizing the risk of not reporting the income. By testing the research methods, we will use the combined research methods (relevant methodology). This relates primarily to the research through literature, accounting methods, historical methods and other relevant scientific methods (induction, synthesis).

more abstract
Agriculture, agricultural production, biological assets, accounting, balance, fair value, profit

Presentation: oral

Download

DYNAMIC OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATION IN SOIL POLLUTED WITH CRUDE OIL pag. 240-245

Mariana MARINESCU, Anca LACATUSU, M. DUMITRU, M. MARINESCU

Once with the establishment of the first human communities, with socio-economic development start, with exacerbation of the industrial and post-industrial revolution, etc., people, not content with nature itself, with his intelligence and creative spirit, started to adapt and transform it according to his needs. Unfortunately, there are harmful secondary effects of human activity, becoming more frequent and aggressive, some completely unforeseen and even irreversible impacts on environmental quality, plant and animal life, even on people existence. All this led to the appearence, development and progression in an accelerated rhythm of a phenomenon very new, very complex and more extensive and dangerous identified, on a global scale, by all countries and continents , as environmental pollution. Pollution is any undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water, air and soil that can affect harmful health, survival or activities of humans or other living organisms, whose term for clearer understanding is necessary to take into account also, the term "contamination", which refers to the presence, no matter the quantity of elements or unwanted hazardous substances in water, air or soil due to human activities that definitely are not harmful. The e xperimental scheme included two groups of experimental variants in which the soil was polluted by 5% and 10% crude oil. For each concentrations of crude oil were created 4 experimental variants, achieved by conditioning the soil with Ecosol in two doses, with or without inoculation with selected bacteria. Bioremediation protocol focused on the application of the two major technologies known in bioremediation method such as: soil biostimulation based on environmental conditions improvement for microorganisms multiplication and activity to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons, and bioaugmentation based on enriching the soil with specific biodegrading hydrocarbons microorganisms. The efficiency of bioremediation process in optimal variants was 92.6% in case of soil polluted with 5% crude oil and 80.5% for excessively polluted soil with 10% crude oil.

more abstract
bioremediation, crude oil, soil pollution, total petroleum hydrocarbons

Presentation: oral

Download

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION FRUŠKA GORA WITHIN AP VOJVODINA pag. 246-253

Radovan PEJANOVIĆ, Biljana PANJKOVIĆ, Sanja ĐUKIĆ, Danica GLAVAŠ-TRBIĆ

For the purpose of creating the strategic document "Master Plan for Sustainable Development of Fruška gora 2012-2022." it was analyzed all the components of sustainable development of Fruška gora. These components include the following areas: protection and enhancement of environmental values and natural resources, protection of cultural and historical heritage, protection and presentation of geological heritage, forestry, hunting, fishing and beekeeping , tourism, infrastructure, water management, water courses and utility infrastructure, agriculture; information system, branding of products and areas, demographic growth, and renewable energy resources. The central part of the mountain is incorporated in the National Park, which is surrounded by villages and agricultural land with extensive use. In a broader scope there are larger settlements, as well as areas that are intensively used. Agriculture is the traditional economic activity in this area. The need for introducing a new model of management for this area is caused by the fact that the development of Fruška gora in the previous period was marked by negative tendencies due to disregard the specific needs of municipalities within this region . Bearing in mind the specific requirements of a municipalities within the Fruška gora, a new model of management in this region was made on the model of developed countries of the European Union, taking into account their experiences in terms of integrating environmental protection with other sectoral policies. In order to protect national park and sustainable development around the area, some analysis were made such as analysis of existing conditions and inter-sectoral harmonization of interests of all interested users. In accordance to the present situation, this document gives a comprehensive solution for the whole area, considering all activities that are performed on it. This paper emphasizes the aspect of interdependence of sustainable development and development of agriculture in this area. The principle of sustainability of Fruška gora was based on a synthesis of socio-economic, environmental and cultural aspects of development, and which complies with the conditions, limitations and capacities of the environment, ensuring future generations of improved conditions for survival and development. Multifunctional agriculture will have a key role in the future development of agriculture in this region. Development of multifunctional agriculture in Fruška gora should be based on the principles of sustainable development, which provides: production of quality food, rural development, adequate standard of living, protection of biological and geological diversity and environmental protection in its entirety.

more abstract
Fruška gora, agriculture, sustainable development

Presentation: oral

Download

RESULTS CONCERNING THE NUTRIENT SOIL CONTENT ON SOIL TREATED WITH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES pag. 254-259

Hortensia RĂDULESCU

The study presents the results of soil treatment with industrial mineral residue on the nutrient soil content. Two industrial residues were tested by treating luvosoil, a low fertile acid soil, with different doses of residue. These two mineral sources have resulted from the magnesium products industry and contain in their composition magnesium and calcium as well as low contents of trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese and zinc. The residues have resulted in the industrial process of manufacturing magnesium compounds from dolomites. The difference between the two residues types lies in the double magnesium content, established for the wall crusts of the reactor. Because of their alkaline reaction and nutritive elements content, the two residue types can be revaluated in agriculture. The experimental alternatives consist of four different doses from each residue, without or with nitrogen addition (ammonium nitrate) to the soil. In order to establish the effects of soil treatment with residue, the available content of soil nutrients were determined. The available nutrient soil content was analysed by using the EDTA extraction method for calcium and magnesium along with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. After extraction by Egner-Riehm-Domingo method phosphorus was determinated by UV-VIS spectroscopy and potassium by atomic absorption spectroscopy.The trace elements were analysed using the acid mixture digestion method followed by absorbtion spectrometric determination. The results show that increasing the residue doses, the available potassium content rises. Nitrogen supplement increase the potassium content till 49%.The available calcium content rises proportional with the administered residue doses for both types. Nitrogen contribution increases the values by 13% for residue A and 63 % for residue B. The dynamics of available magnesium content is similar to that of calcium. The increases represent 20 % for residue A and 75% for residue B. The originality of this paper consists in the utilization of the residues resulted from the magnesium products industry in agriculture as soil fertilizer. The importance of this study lies in the fact that, on the basis of the obtained results, a new technology to improve soil quality can be conceived by specifying the suitable dose, usage manner and application frequency of the tested residues. The usefulnes of the research is represented by the utilization of large amounts of residues, obtained from the magnesium compounds industry,as fertilizer for low fertile soils.

more abstract
fertilizer, mineral residues, soil, available nutrient content, soil quality

Presentation: oral

Download

CONSEQUENCES OF RESIDUAL SOIL TREATMENT ON THE NUTRITIVE ELEMENTS CONTENT OF PLANTS pag. 260-265

Hortensia RĂDULESCU

The paper shows the influence of soil treatment with industrial residue on the nutrient content of wheat plants. Two industrial residues were tested as fertilizer, by treating luvosoil with different doses of residue. The two mineral sources have resulted from the magnesium products industry and contain in their composition significant contents of magnesium and calcium and low contents of trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Both residue types result in the industrial processes of manufacturing magnesium compounds from dolomites as waste product and deposits on the industrial equipment. The difference between the two residue types lies in the double magnesium content, established for the crusts deposits. Because of their alkaline reaction and nutritive elements content, the two residues can be revaluated in agriculture as fertilizer, mainly on acid soils. The experimental alternatives are represented by four different doses from each residue, added to soil without or with nitrogen supplement (ammonium nitrate). In order to establish the influence of soil treatment with residue as fertilizer on the nutrient plant content, the total essential and trace elements content in green wheat plants were determined. The total nutrient content in plant was analysed by using the dry ash method along with atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry. The impact of soil treatment with residue as fertilizer on plant content differs, depending on the pursuit nutrient element. The potassium content in green wheat plants shows an increase by 23% comparative with the control alternative only for residue B(B4) without nitrogen supplement. The calcium content in plant rises proportional with the administered residue dose for both residue types. Nitrogen contribution increases the values by 28% for residue A and 25% for residue B. The dynamics of magnesium plant content is similar to that of calcium content for both alternatives with or without nitrogen contribution. The highest increases were established for the experimental alternative A 4 (37%) and B 4 (52%), both with nitrogen contribution. Analysing the trace elements content in plant, an increase of iron content proportional with the administered residue dose was determined. The increase of 24% was established for the experimental alternative with the highest dose of residue B and nitrogen addition. Meaningful increases were established in the plant copper content for both experimented residues. The originality of this paper consists in the utilization of these residues, resulted from the magnesium products industry, in agriculture as fertilizer. The importance of this study lies in the fact that, on the basis of the obtained results, a new fertilization technology can be conceived by specifying the suitable dose of residue, usage manner and application frequency. The usefulness of the research lies in transforming a residue in an useful material for agriculture.

more abstract
: magnesium products industry, mineral residue, fertilizer, nutrient plant content

Presentation: oral

Download

THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER SYSTEMS ON YIELD DIFFERENCES IN THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF THE MELIORATION OF A SOIL UNDER CONTROL POLLUTED BY CRUDE OIL FROM ORADEA, ROMANIA pag. 266-271

Nicu-Cornel SABĂU, Maria ŞANDOR, C. DOMUŢA, R. BREJEA

The paper presents the partial results of researches regarding the agrochemical melioration of soils under control polluted by crude oil, brought from the exploitation site at Suplacu de Barcău that took place at the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Oradea, Bihor County. The researches have like objective the study of fertilizer systems influence on millet-hay yield differences between non polluted and polluted variants, in the first tree years of melioration process. The experimental device was made out of 1 m 2 micro parcels, spread out in subdivided parcels, in four repetitions, having three factors: A - the pollution by crude oil from Suplacu de Barcău, in two graduations a1-nonpolluted and a2-under control polluted with 3 % crude oil concentration; B – the organic fertilization with manure (0, 50, 100 and 150 to/ha) and C – the mineral fertilization with complex fertilizer in the doses: N 0 P 0 K 0 , N 100 P 80 K 70 , N 200 P 160 K 140 and N 300 P 240 K 210. The experience was set out on a haplic luvosoil in the year 1993 and the soil was cultivated with millet in the first tree years and with spring wheat in the last seven years of research. Taking in consideration that în this work, we analyze the yield differences of millet-hay, between the not polluted (control) and polluted with 3 % crude oil variants, (a1-a2) the experiment can be considered with two factors: factor B – organic fertilizer and factor C – mineral fertilizer. The best results in the agrochemical melioration process of soils under control polluted with 3 % crude oil, in the first three years of experiment are obtained for the bigger manure quantity (7,5 q/ha) and medium of complex fertilizer doses, 5,36 q/ha for N 100 P 80 K 70 and 5,56 q/ha for N 200 P 160 K 140 . The shape of surface response of average yield differences shows that in the case of organic fertilizer system, the yield differences increases at once of manure quantity increasing, while in the case of complex fertilizer doses applied was registered a maximum of these for the medium doses. For the variants without complex fertilizers administrated the smaller yield differences are obtained by the variants with 50 t/ha manure (3,17 q/ha) and 100 t/ha manure (3,56 q/ha) while in the variant without organic fertilization, by variant with maximum complex fertilizer dose N 300 P 240 K 210 (2,62 q/ha) The agrochemical melioration of polluted soils with small concentration of crude oil (3 % on ploughed layer) consists in the application of small quantity of manure, (50 t/ha) for the microorganisms inoculation and a big dose of mineral fertilizers with nitrogen (N 300 P 240 K 210 ) for the balance of C/N report .

more abstract

Presentation: oral

Download

TOPOGRAPHIC STUDY FOR THE INVENTORY AND MANAGEMENT OF MINERAL AGRREGATES DEPOSITS LOCATED ALONG THE TIMIS AND MURES RIVER pag. 272-281

Adrian SMULEAC, Cosmin POPESCU, Silvica ONCIA, Laura I. SMULEAC

The topographic elevations for this paper were performed along the Timis and Mures Rivers, including the following locations: Timisoara, Covaci, Lugoj, (Timis County), Milova, Arad (Arad County), Caransebes-Jupa (Caras-Severin County). Leica GPS 1200 is a very powerful device with many applications and functions that can satisfy the requirements of users worldwide. GPS1200 can be used either as reference or rover for static or kinematic measurements (RTK); it can be used for topographic elevations, tracing, monitoring, earthquake measurements. GPS1200 receivers are designed to operate under the roughest conditions. They are waterproof up to 1 m water depth, shock, vibration, rain, dust, sand and snowproof, able to operate at temperatures between -40°C and +65°C. Topographic measurements were performed to determine the volumetric quantity of different sorts of ballast mineral aggregates: sand 0-4, gravel 4-8, gravel 8-16, gravel 16-31, sieve oversize. Topographic and land survey measurements were taken with Leica GPS1200, and the data were downloaded and processed with LEICA Geo Office Combined. The data necessary for creating the 3D model of the quantities of the ballast mineral aggregates and the volumetric calculation were processed with Surfer 8.0 software created by Golden Software. The measurements were taken with ROMPOS – the Romanian Position Determination System, a project of the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration. This system provides precise reference positioning and ETRS European coordinates through the Network of National Permanent GNSS Stations. ROMPOS is based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems – GNSS (GPS/GLONAS/GALILEO - in the future), providing data for positioning purposes. The system allows for an improved determination of a position with millimetre accuracy. The GNSS permanent stations used for the purpose of this paper are in Timisoara, Faget, Arad and Resita.

more abstract
topographic elevations, mineral exploitation, global system positioning (GPS), surfer

Presentation: oral

Download

CREATING THE DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL OF THE USAMVB AREA USING MODERN TECHNOLOGY pag. 282-287

Adrian SMULEAC, Mihai HERBEI, Cosmin POPESCU

The digital model of an object or phenomenon is made up of a systematically stored data collection (database) that describes a three-dimensional system of coordinates, arbitrary or particularly can form the object features or states/accomplishments of the phenomenon (conversion as a digital image) and allow by calculation programmes, deducting the object or states shape and features for the phenomenon in new points (ACEST FRAGMENT ESTE TOTAL ILOGIC, NU POT SA VERIFIC TRADUCEREA PT. CA NU AM VARIANTA ROMANA). Modelling the areas is the process of representing graphically a natural or artificial area by using one or more mathematical equations. Modelling the terrestrial area is a particular case of modelling an area where we should take into account the specific problems of representing the Earth or some of its parts. Several fields in which the digital model has immediate applicability are the following: telecommunication systems analysis, pipe networks (water pipes) design, system command and control. The digital system can be applied in all other fields where it is necessary to know altitude information in different points of an area. The term “digital terrain model” was used for the first time in 1958 by Miller and Laflamme who defined it as “a statistic representation of continuous area by using a great number of points whose horizontal coordinates (x, y) together with the altitude (z) are known and this representation is made in an arbitrary coordinates system”. The digital terrain model represents an informatics’ instrument composed by terrain data and software that represent a basic component of a G.I.S. The digital terrain model (DTM) has three subsystems: 1. Digital elevation model – DEM – contains altitudes, slopes, curves, etc. 2. Digital planimetric model – DPM – contains planimetric data and elements. 3. Digital model of objects nature – DEN – contains pedologic, geologic, hydrologic data etc. DTM generation is related to the data acquisition method, the making of the model by using different interpolation methods and also choosing the structure of data representation (raster or TIN)

more abstract
sustainable development, environment protection, G.I.S., modelling, digital terrain model

Presentation: oral

Download

THE STUDY OF POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BANAT PLAIN IN 1897-2011 pag. 288-292

Laura I. SMULEAC, Silvica ONCIA, Anisoara IENCIU

The present study of potential evapotranspiration has taken into consideration a priority issue confronting our entire planet: global climate changes. This phenomenon can be revealed only through long-term monitoring. Consequently, for convincing results, the study considered all the data about the monthly temperatures that are recorded at Timisoara Weather Station, as this station has the oldest records in the Banat Plain. The studied period covers 114 years, from 1897 to 2011; unfortunately, the records between 1917 and 1920 are missing. Potential evapotranspiration is calculated with the Thornthwaite method, as this fits our country’s conditions best; however, for the water use calculation, it is necessary to determine the coefficients for each plant culture. The results were interpreted and systematised with the Bravais-Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. The study has concluded that annual potential evapotranspiration has a slightly increasing trend that is explained by the high temperatures of the past years that have exceeded the multiannual mean. Consequently, maximum evapotranspiration, 840.2 mm, was reached in the agricultural year 2008-2009, which caused a humidity deficit of 339.2 mm. The 1975-1976 agricultural year had the lowest value of evapotranspiration: 617.4 mm. Surprisingly, in the same year, the precipitations did not cover the plant water use, leading to a deficit of 117.2 mm. As far as evapotranspiration in the vegetation period is concerned, a much stronger increasing trend is observed than in the case of the annual trend. The maximum calculated value was 728.3 mm in the 2008-2009 agricultural year, accounting for 86.68% of annual evapotranspiration. In this vegetation period, the humidity deficit was also high - 464.3 mm. The minim, 532 mm, was recorded in the 1977-1978 agricultural year, which still had a 136.4 mm humidity deficit. On summing up the results, we have discovered that Banat is undergoing a process of transformation from the climatic viewpoint. The transformation is both thermal, as a result of its increased values in the past years, and pluviometric, caused by decreased rainfalls that no longer cover the plant water use. The present paper is a reference and original study, given the long period of time that was analysed - 114 years.

more abstract
potential evapotranspiration, climate changes, temperature

Presentation: oral

Download

SUSTAINABLE SOIL AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE ARANCA PLAIN – S.W. ROMANIA pag. 293-298

Dorin ŢĂRĂU, Gh. ROGOBETE, Adia GROZAV, D. DICU, A. ŢĂRĂU

The importance of land-use planning and the use of the soil survey to develop land suitable for its intended purpose were introduces in the early 1960s. The objective proposed in this paper was to make evident the aridization tendencies to the Aranca Plain area, the divisions the urgency zones emplaced in forest belts in order to protect the terrain from Beba-Veche village. According with Romanian Taxonomic System of Soils (SRTS 2003) and WRB for SR 1998, in researched area have been identified 6 classes, 8 types, 35 undertypes, 98 varietys and other units, which are different through their propertys, their productiv capacity and measures for maintainance and increase their fertility. Crop production can be done in the different conditions: natural ecosystems (without or with human intervention), or agro-ecosystems, extensive or intensive (direct or indirect involvement of the state) requires with a pressing necessity as deep knowledge of all ecological determinants, for which each of the 136 units of land (TEO) identified were characterized under the current methodology of the soil studies using the 23 indicators of evaluation, indicators which represent character and traits most important, more significant, specific and measurable. These dates were completed by a detailed soil survey effectuated in the Aranca Plain. There were studied 79 main soil profiles from which are dominant Chernozems and Vertisols, both soil types with a high content of soluble salts and sodium.Soil-solution-soil-matrix physico-chemical interactions enhanced by dilute soil solution with high sodium, affect the flow parameters considerably. Vertisols, which is a deep clayey soil, dominated by clay minerals such as smectites, expand upon wetting and shrink upon drying. They form wide cracks from the soil surface when drying out. From the types of existent forest-belt it is estimate that the next belts give a good result for the argillaceous soils from the Aranca Plain: Populus euramericana and Quercus robur with Syringa v., Ligustrum v., Cornus m.; the belt with Pinus silvestris and Quercus rubra with Ribes a., Cornus m., Robinia p. For the 9300 hectares surface of Bebe-Veche village, the necessary of seedling plants is 324670, along the drainage channel, access roads and around the agricultural farms. We recommend also, to re-use the drainage water, where the quality of the water is acceptable, but not a direct connection between the drainage system and the irrigation system.

more abstract
argillaceous soils, aridization, forest-belt, soil survey, sustainable soil

Presentation: oral

Download

LIMITING FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WITHIN TERRITORY OF NICOLAE TITULESCU, OLT COUNTY pag. 299-306

Lica TUTI, D. ŢĂRĂU

Under natural condition relatively different micro aspect, characteristic of various forms of relief and microrelief on the territory of Nicolae Titulescu, formed and evolved over time that soils differ in terms of both morphologically and in terms of their productive capacity, that fertility. Soil fertility is expressed through their sustainability to increase productivity in relation to ecological requirements and environmental protection. The purpose of this paper aims to inventory the limiting factors (restrictive) of land use for agricultural production and to establish measures to reduce or cancel agropedoameliorative adverse influence the productivity of soils. Objectives and activities which it proposing this theme fall within the current preoccupations of research and agricultural practices in of international and national level for the study, highlighting the nature and intensity of the limiting factors of agricultural production and improvement requirements and grouping land suitability classes in relation to running the study and preparation are part of the doctoral school in Timisoara USAMVB to achieve doctoral thesis on "the foundation ecopedological the cadastral value on agricultural land in the county Olt". Perimeter investigated is located in the central eastern part of the county Olt and eastern Plains Iminogului(part of the Plain Boianu) in contact with the river Vedea valley to see. Distances from major cities are: approx. 60 Km south-east of Slatina (county) and approx. 25 Km north-east of the city Drăgăneşti-Olt. Land area totals 2015 ha Nicolae Titulescu village land, of wich 1828 ha of arable, 155 ha pasture and 32 ha vineyard. Agricultural science and practice have shown that soil fertility can be continuously increased through measures agrotechnical, agrochemical and land improvement, thus preventing soil exhaustion got in culture theory or the so-called law of decreasing soil fertility. Physical and chemical properties of soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory OSPA Olt under and regulation and their interpretation was performed according to the Methodology Elaboration Soil Studies, Bucharest 1987 (vol. I, II, III). In the studies perimeter, agricultural production is negatively influenced by the restrictions given by some soil properties, land and climate, which show equal intensities, reduces productions different depending on the use of land (arable, pasture, vineyard) so that one and the same land may have restrictions on intensitiesvary his usage. In this research, the factors limiting (restrictive)of agricultural production are represented mainly by climatic conditions, topography and soil. Restrictions refer to conditions which reduce yields and the danger of exploitation of degradation, with the same effect. It is estimated that some restrictions are ameliorated and that the arrangement can be exploited in some land close to optimum conditions and restrictions can not be ameliorated. Grouping land pretability classes was made on the basis of factors limiting agricultural production in relation to existing uses at the time of research (arable, pasture, vineyard). Depending on the nature and intensity of extression of the limiting factors, agricultural land in the territory studied were grouped into three (II, III, IV) categories of suitability for such uses, denoted by roman numerals. In this research, limiting factors (restrictive) of agricultural production are represented by: excess moisture occurs on a ground area of 22 ha (1.10%); excess moisture is manifested in a stagnant area of 55 ha( 2,70%); grossly soil texture affects an area of 5 ha (0,25%) and fine texture of a area of 990 ha (49,13%); 5% slope of the ground occurs over an area of 20 ha (1,0%); surface erosion occurs in an area of about. 34 ha (1,70%) ; inundability land by overflow occurs in an area of 23 ha (1,14%); the degree of compaction negatively affects an area of 985 ha (49,0%) ; uniformity manifests land area of 51 ha (2,53%). Agricultural area of 2015 ha of communal territory Nicolae Titulescu fall in class II of pretability.

more abstract
limiting factors, agricultural land, soil sustaibility, soil improvement

Presentation: oral

Download

Back