Vol 51, No 1 (2019)
THE MINERAL FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE ON SOYBEAN QUALITY pag. 3-8
Alina Laura Agapie1, Gabriela Gorinoiu 1, Horablaga N. Marinel1Soybean is the most important source of protein known to mankind; it is also one of the cheapest and most readily available sources of protein with high nutritional value, similar to animal proteins. Soybean is the first place in the legumes group, because of its high protein content and the fat, lecithin, vitamins and enzymes it contains, and it is hard to find another plant that in such a short time or able to synthesize such a large amount of valuable substances. This paper addresses the influence of mineral fertilization on the protein and oil content of the Felix variety, the ARDS Turda creation. The research was carried out at ARDS Lovrin, on a typical chernozem, in a long-term fertilizing experience. The role of unilateral and combined fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus was studied. The doses of nitrogen administered were N0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and doses of phosphorus P0, 40, 80, 120, 160. By combining these doses have resulted 25 experimental variants. The obtained results were interpreted by the variant analysis method. The value of the protein increases with increasing fertilizer doses to a certain level after which here is a capping. The lowest percentage of the protein is recorded in the control, unfertilized variant, 32.4%, and the highest by the combined application of the two types of fertilizer, in the variant N75P120 - 41.4%. The study of the fat content in the Felix variety revealed that the best results were obtained under the conditions of the interaction between the two studied macroelements, with the highest recorded value of 20.15%. Analyzing the results we can state that the percentage of protein and oil increase with increasing doses of nitrogen administered, are relatively constant in case of unilateral application of phosphorus and achieves the highest values for the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus.
more abstractsoybean, protein, oil content, fertilization.
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE USE OF EDAPHIC SPECTRA OF THE DOMINANT SPECIES FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RHIZOSPHERE SOIL IN THE EXTREME NORTHWEST ALGERIA pag. 9-19
AMARA Mohamed and BOUAZZA MohamedThe extreme west of Algeria is today, like the arid and semi-arid Mediterranean areas of North Africa, the seat of a negative and continuous ecological imbalance, due to especially over-exploitation of their natural resources.This degradation takes place in particular as a huge loss of edaphic capital, linked to an uncontrollable erosion which is accompanied by the deterioration of the biological capital by the disappearance of the most significant species on the one hand, and the infiltration of others less popular and / or more xerophilic species on the other hand.The Invasion of steppe species such as Artemisia herba-alba and Noaea mucronata (recovery more than 90%) remains the essential character of resemblance to the steppe of the highlands of the Oranian southwestern..In the context of the soil survey, we have tried to clarify the state of the soil variables in order to know the requirements and tolerances of certain steppic species and prey-species : Artemisia herba-alba, Noea mucronata. , Atriplex halimus, Pistacia atlantica with respect to each measured factor such as soil moisture, grain size, pH, salinity, total limestone and organic matter.The majority of the samples represent a balanced sandy-loam texture that is very sensitive to the soil Crusting.The moisture content is between 4 and 12%. This reflects the degree of edaphic drought..The limestone contents generally reach 18.82 to 36.82% or even 44% samples in the Pistacia subsoil sample with a sandy-loamy texture. This sandy texture of this sample is related to the abundance of carbonates. These last contribute to the increase of the pH.The edaphic analysis of each species has shown us that our results are close to steppe soils. Thus, it appears that this environment is close to the arid steppes in the process of desertification..Despite the intensity of degradation, edaphic attributes in the worst case, have not reached the levels observed in a desert and rehabilitation remains possible.
more abstractDegradation, Arid / semi-arid, Spectra edaphic, Steppisation
Presentation: poster
DownloadISOLATION OF FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP. STRAINS FROM RHIZOSPHERE AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR ROLE IN PLANT GROWTH AND PHYTOPATHOGEN BIOCONTROL pag. 20-29
Mahfoud BAKLI and Amina ZENASNIPlant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria , PGPR are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant growth. The exploitation of the PGPR in sustainable agriculture as biopesticides / biofertilizers has became a real alternative for agrochemicals used as environment friendly agriculture. In the rhizosphere, Pseudomonas spp are an important and abundant group affecting plant growth. From diverse agro-ecosystems of Algeria. In this study, 19 fluorescent strains of Pseudomonas spp were isolated from the rhizosphere roots and soils of durum wheat and barley from different biotopes, these strains were screened in vitro for their plant growth promoting activity and the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. From an in vitro bioassay of Lactuca sativa, 8 strains were selected as PGPR. According to phenotypic identification, the strains were affiliated with P.aeruginosa, P.fluorescens and P.putida species. These strains were tested for their ability to produce enzymes of agricultural interest of which OD11, FR14, FR24, FR13 have been producing proteases, amylases, lipases. The 8 isolates were studied for their antagonistic power against Fusarium oxysporum. FR14 and FR15 showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth with a percentage inhibition of 52.72% and 41.81% respectively. Two antifungal metabolites (phenazines, pyrrolnitrins) were extracted from cultures of strains FR14 and FR15 by thin layer chromatography. The Rf values obtained ranged from 0.6 to 0.62 for PHZ and absence of PLN. The phenazic extracts were re-tested for their antifungal activities against Fusarium.oxysporum and Aspergillus.niger, the results showed an important inhibition of pathogens by the extract of the strain FR14 with a percentage of inhibition of 11.66% to 23, 63%. These results allow FR14 and FR15 strains to be potential biocontrol agents for a future application. Understanding on the diversity of a most important genus of PGPR in the rhizosphere and mechanism of action should facilitate their application as a reliable component in the management of sustainable agricultural system.
more abstractBiocontrol, Biofertilizer, Fluorescent Pseudomonas, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Phytopathogenic, Sustainable agriculture.
Presentation: poster
DownloadLEAF SPOT OF WILD PEPPERMINT SPECIES ON SOUTH -WESTERN PART OF ROMANIA pag. 30-34
Adrian BORCEAN, Ilinca IMBREA, Gheorghe DAVIDOn the evaluation process of the health status of the medicinal plants from spontaneous flora which was started in 2014 and continue even in present, there were a some pathogens which prove to require a closer attention. This attention is motivated by two reasons: first is the endemic character of those pathogens and the second reason is that the species of the plants affected by those pathogens have very well-known cultivated relative species. Also if we take in consideration that the breeding process in general reduce the plant resistence to diseases unless the breeder have a good source of resistance genes which could be conveniently imported in the new genotype. In the present paper is presented the situation of the plants from wild species of peppermint (Mentha longifolia, M. aquatica, M. arvensis and M. verticilliata) which have sufferd during the last five years by the attack of fungus Septoria menthae. This fungus affect mainly the leaves of the plants and it is well known in general that the main crop from peppermint plants are the leaves which must have a good quality. After the Septoria menthae attack, some parts of the affected leaves will be lost and so there will be quantity and quality lose of the peppermint crop. The general progress of this disease on the leaves start with a general chlorosis, than the leaf spots turn on necrosis with dark brown or black points which represent fungus fructification body, picnidia with picnospores. The data from the present paper was collected from populations of the wild peppermint species situated on a large area between Anina which is situated at an altitude of 710 m above the sea level and Moldova Nouă which is situated at an altitude of approximately 140 m above the sea level. The pathogen infectios potential was appreciated during the five years surveillance after attack degree calculated on the base of attack frequency and intensity collected from the field.
more abstractMentha sp., Septoria menthae
Presentation: oral
DownloadINVESTIGATION OF THE OPERATION OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM MODERATING ICE DAMAGE pag. 35-40
Diana BUGYI-Attila RÁKÓCZIHumanity has always been interested in the possibility of modifying and influencing the weather. Many researchers, physicists, and meteorologists have dealt with the subject, but have never reached significant results. With the development of technology, the scientific communities find it difficult to accept the fact that in reality, it is not quite possible to influence the weather. This, among other reasons, is why they have begun to inspect how different atmospheric phenomena may be caused and extinguished. A significant breakthrough in these experiments was first noted in the middle of the 1900s due to which not only the scientific community began to apply weather control measures, but also the military for martial purposes. In Hungary, the first such measure was taken due to societal needs toward reducing the damages caused by hail, and the NEFELA Southern Hungarian Hail Prevention Association was formed. The system, which covers three Transdanubian counties, was based on French example, it applies a soil-generator hail prevention method and began operation in 1976. Today, the extent to which hail causes damage has justified the implementation of a nationwide system. The National Agricultural Chamber was granted support for the purpose of building such a system via a tender issued within the framework of Rural Development Program. I will examine the following hypotheses throughout my research: 1. I hypothesize that the hail damage reduction system will work efficiently and yield results. 2. I hypothesize that as a result of the system’s function, damage to agricultural areas will be significantly decreased within the first year. In order to test my hypotheses, I collected data at the National Agricultural Chamber, the National Meteorological Service and the Government Office of Békés County. My examinations reflect that this year saw an exceptionally high number of rain showers compared to previous years, however, despite this fact, the amount of ice damage reported has decreased to half, almost a third, thus, my first hypothesis has proven to be true. Furthermore, the data supports my second hypothesis as well, according to which damage in the agricultural industry has decreased significantly. We can see that the per hectare ice damage reported for each storm is shown to have decreased despite the increase in the number of storms. While assessing my findings, I would like to note that the implementation of the system has only just begun, thus we only have one year’s worth of data available to us. At the same time, it is apparent that there is a significant change in the reduction of ice damage. The conclusion to be drawn from the results of my research is that the function of the National Ice Damage Reduction System is efficient, there are fewer instances of hail with larger ice crystals and the amount and value of agricultural damage have decreased.
more abstracthail, moderation of damage done by hail, risk managemet, soil generator, System of Country’s Moderation of Damage Done by Hail
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE STUDY OF VARIABILITY OF SOME OF THE PRODUCTION ELEMENTS IN THE AUTUMN OAT FROM S.C. D. A. LOVRIN pag. 41-46
Andreea BULAI1, I. TOMA1, D. RECHIȚEAN1, C. BUZNA1, Marcela DRAGOȘ1, Anca PANDA1The present paper analyzes the descriptors of the productivity elements, the mass of one thousand grains (MMB) and the length of panicle for 15 autumn oat genotypes, created and tested under pedoclimatic area conditions from S.C.D.A. Lovrin. Between the studied genotypes there are very significant differences with reference of the length of the panicle, respectively of the one thousand grains , with a very large amplitude of variation. The biometric analysis of 14 autumn oat lines and an homologate Sorin variety, used as a control with reference to the length of panic and the one thousand grains. The data were aggregated on an agricultural year. In this case, a number of 10 plants of each studied line was studied, and the results were compared with the control variety. In terms of climatic conditions, the agricultural year 2017/2018 was a favorable year for autumn oat crops. The following lines Lv 2502, Lv 2503, Lv 2505, Lv 2510, Lv 2511, Lv 2513, Lv 2514 have been shown to have values statistically ensured as very significant, showing increases between 18.4 and 32.4% versus the witness Sorin, respectively a difference of 3.8 - 6.7 cm. With reference to MMB from the determinations analyzed, the lines Lv 2504, Lv 2513, which showed an increase of 18.5% and 14.3%, with a difference of 5.1 - 6.6g compared to the Sorin witness variety, very statistically significant values. For the two characters studied, the length of the panicle and the MMB, in the lines Lv 2504, Lv 2511, Lv 2513 recorded significant positive differences compared to the control variety. The study of the correlation between the length of panicle and the mass of one thousand grains for the 14 analyzed lines and the control variety, Sorin, show that there is a positive linear correlation between the two studied elements.
more abstractautumn oat, MMB, length of panic
Presentation: poster
DownloadWHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM ALEXANDRU BELDIE HERBARIUM? EUPHORBIA GENUS pag. 47-54
Ilie-Cosmin CÂNTAR1, Maria DINCĂ1Through its content and focus on Euphorbia Genus, the present article intends to acknowledge the existence and importance of this impressive plant collection – Alexandru Beldie Herbarium, hosted by the National Forestry Research-Development Institute from Bucharest. Furthermore, the article presents some curiosities regarding the Euphorbia Genus, what we can learn from the systematization of this genus and the most important characteristics of this genus in the herbarium. As such, the paper presents the method in which the Euphorbia Genus collections are organized, represented by the organization system that was used and applied for organizing the Euphorbia Genus from Alexandru Beldie Herbarium. At this chapter is also presented an excerpt of Euphorbia Genus inventory with the criterions used. The most important species are described together with their importance and the most representative species present in the herbarium. A figure representing photos with Euphorbia plants conserved in the herbarium is also presented. The quantitative characteristics of the Euphorbia Genus from the herbarium as number of species, number of exemplars and number of exemplars of the most important species are also presented. The article also presents the harvesting years of Euphorbia species synthesizing periods in which they were harvested most exemplars, and presenting the oldest Euphorbia from the herbarium. The periods were presented graphically from ten to ten years. A map representing the places from Romania wherefrom the Euphorbia specie were collected, was also realised. More than that, the organization of Euphorbia collections has allowed to identify the name of each Romanian or foreign specialists who have contributed through their work in creating this collection by harvesting or determining plants. Also the paper is containing a short presentation of the most important herbariums from the world that also contain Euphorbia species collections. The conclusions presents the most important outputs of the paper in terms of "what we can learn from Alexandru Beldie herbarium" regarding Euphorbia genus.
more abstractplants, herbarium, genus, areal
Presentation: poster
DownloadASPECTS REGARDING THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METALS IN DIFFERENT HONEY VARIETIES pag. 55-59
Ciobanu Oana¹, Rădulescu HortensiaAn important indicator of honey quality is represented by the content of heavy metals. Romanian Legislation regarding the accepted level of heavy metals in honey corresponds to the EU Standards (European Honey Directive of the European Honey Commission). The heavy metals residues could be originated from soil, plant or result from processing and environmental contamination. When the level of heavy metals in honey is monitories some variables need to be considered such as weather, season or botanical origin of the flowers. Placing hives near roads with heavy car and trucks traffic, industrialized areas or unacceptable materials and equipment on the honey production circuit can represent other important sources for honey contamination with heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to link specific variations of the heavy metal content in Linden Tree, Mixed Flowers honey and other honey varieties with the botanical origin of the processing flowers mainly from polluted areas and unpolluted ones in Timiş County. The studied locations are: Timişoara, Timişoara- near a national road, Chevereşu Mare and Sacoşu Mare. The main aim of the research was to determinate the content of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, manganese and iron in Linden Tree, Mixed Flowers, rape, sunflower, amorpha and accacia honey samples collected directly from bee colonies.The sample analysis have followed standard methods for detecting heavy metals approved by STAS 784/2-2009 from Romania, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).The results showed that the heavy metal content altered and depended on the floral sources of the honey variety. The highest lead content was found in Linden Tree honey, especially when the hives were located in places with heavy car traffic. The highest chromium content was established for the Mixed Flowers honey samples, content which increased for Linden Tree honey samples collected from hives placed near a national road. The highest level of iron was measured for the Mixed Flowers honey samples, content which increased for Linden Tree honey samples collected from hives placed near a national road. An important cadmium and zinc level was measured in the Linden Tree honey samples. Placing the beehives near a polluted area increased the content of cadmium and zinc for all varieties of honey.
more abstractLinden Tree honey, Mixed Flowers honey, rape honey, sunflower honey, amorpha honey, accacia honey, heavy metal content, honey variety.
Presentation: poster
DownloadPLANTS CONSERVED IN "ALEXANDRU BELDIE" HERBARIUM – EPILOBIUM GENUS pag. 60-67
C.I. CIONTU1*, Maria DINCĂ2, I. CHISĂLIŢĂ1Well represented within the Al. Beldie Herbarium from „Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, the Epilobium Genus stands out through its abundant number of plant vouchers, as well as through the information contained in them. As such, they relate to the harvesting places, covering our entire country, and renowned names of specialists who have contributed to the collection’s development. The present article organizes and presents the Epilobium species present in the herbarium based on their harvesting place and location as well as the specialist who has harvested them. Furthermore, the most important Epilobium plants are described based on their abundance in the herbarium or their rarity and endangerment in the natural environment. The paper starts with a description of the herbarium, continuing with a presentation of the studied material (98 vouchers containing 25 Epilobium species). This part also describes the used materials and methods, the plant’s systematization and the description of the most important ones. Within the Epilobium Genus, the herbarium hosts three samples of a species that appears in the Red Book of vascular plants from Romania (Epilobium alpestre jacq., Epilobium alsinifolium Vill. and Epilobium anagallidifolium Lmk.). At the same time, the Herbarium takes pride in its old plants that have an historical value and that were collected almost 180 years ago (Epilobium montanum L., 1842, Wolff). In addition, the paper graphically represents the plant’s harvesting periods as well as a map of the harvesting locations from Romania. The material presented above was then organized with each plant systematized based on more criteria such as: drawer number, voucher number, botanic collection, species name, harvesting date, harvesting place, the specialist that has collected and/or determined the species as well as the conservation degree. This last criterion was graded on a scale from 1 to 4, where 1 means a very good conservation state, while 4 represents a very poor conservation state. The conclusions present some peculiar aspects regarding these Epilobium species and samples from the Herbarium.
more abstractEpilobium, herbarium, species, botanists
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE FAUNA FROM HUNEDOARA COUNTY - AN EVALUATION pag. 68-75
C.I. CIONTU1*, Maria DINCĂ2, I. CHISĂLIŢĂ1The total forest fund surface of Hunedoara County is of approximately 149.425 ha, comprising 70 game funds with a surface of 676.446ha. Amongst the game species present in this County, eight (chamois, common deer, bear, boar, grouse, beech marten, trout and pickerel) were selected and classified based on 19 criteria (harvesting period, the quantity gathered by a worker in eight hours, harvesting cost, harvesting knowledge, knowledge for harvesting the species, distribution domain, biotic threats, abiotic threats, outage, market potential, market request, the product’s “popularity” on the market, gross price, derived product price, portfolio of derived products, the transport from the harvesting point up to the storage center). Notes from 1 to 8 were given for each species taken into account for this study by specialists from the domain and by using an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) based on the Expert Choice Desktop Software. As such, the species with an important game interest are the common deer and chamois due to the fact that they have a large portfolio of derived products, a large distribution range and a high demand on the market. On the other side, the least important species are the bear and beech marten as the bear is hunted only in exceptional cases approved by authorities such as the multiplication of attacks on domestic animals, agricultural cultures or humans while the beech marten does not present an interest from either a hunting or capitalization point of view. Overall, the harvesting potential and commercialization of game species, as well as their diversity, in this County is high. This aspect is the cause of a well represented forest area that allows the space and environment in which these species can reproduce and develop. Hunting and trading these species also represents an important income source for the owners of hunting funds.
more abstractgame funds, Hunedoara, common deer, chamois, beech marten
Presentation: poster
DownloadRATIONALIZATION OF TREATMENT APPLICATION FOR FIGHTING AGAINST APPLE BLOSSOM WEEVILS (ANTHONOMUS POMORUM) pag. 76-81
Snejana DAMIANOV, Gh. SIMERIA, Alexandra POPESCUResearch have been made on an over-intensive apple plantation in Caransebes for Yonathan kind, through bioecological observations based on meteorological and ecological factors. The population estimation of Anthonomous pomorum (the apple blossom weevils) was made by shaking the trees on sheets and with the help of trapping supporting undergarment placed on the trunk, and determining the number of weevils on m3 from the crown in order to apply the treatment for fighting against them. In fighting agaisnt weevils the following insecticides have been used: Calypso 480 SC, Diazol 60 EC, Sinoratox Plus applied in phenophase of 10 – 15 % floral buds de-budded before the weevils lay the eggs. The chemical treatment is applied on plantations in which the frequency of attack in the previous year exceeded 8 – 10 % and the density of populations correlated with the load level of fruit buds trees has values of 0,5 – 1 weevils crown meter. Similarly can be used PED of 10-25 weevils (100 shakes branches). In order to rationalize the treatment applied, the efficiency of pesticide Calypso 480 SC, which applied during the warned period has reduced the frequency of attacks comparative to the treatment applied outside the warning period, a fact observed in pesticide Sinoratox Plus and Diazol 60 EC as well. The chemical treatment is applied in plantations where the rate of attack in the previous year exceeded 8-10% in orchards with normal flowering, 10-15% in those with poor flowering and 3-8% in those with abundant flowering, and population density in the year the past correlated with the degree of confusion of the fruit buds have the following values: 0.5 - 1 ladybug at m crown (normal tangle), 1-3 ladybugs per m crown (poor tangle). It can be use PED = 10 - 25 ladybugs (100 shaking branches) The trees have been shaken in the morning before sunrise at lower temperatures when the ladybugs are under exfoliating crust of trees. The observations were made in 15.III – 28.III at intervals of 2 – 3 days, trees having a normal load with sprouts with fruit determining an average of 3 ladybugs/m3 treetop and 15 ladybugs/100 branches what required chemical combating of this pest. Delaying treatment for 3-4 days causes an increase in the attack rate and attacked flowers, respectively, to levels close to the untreated control, significantly reducing production. Applying treatment outside the warning period is not economic, causing undue environmental pollution. The prediction of species Anthonomus pomorum (apple blossom weevils) was made through movement of trees on sheets and with help of belt trap applied on the stem in March and April resulting number of apple blosoom at m3 for treetop, function which is necessary to apply for treatment to combating the pest used the levels of density.
more abstractweevils, apple, treatments, pesticides, fighting against
Presentation: poster
DownloadRATIONALIZATION OF TREATMENT APPLICATION FOR FIGHTING AGAINST APPLE BLOSSOM WEEVILS (ANTHONOMUS POMORUM) pag. 82-87
SNEJANA DAMIANOV GH SIMERIA ALEXANDRA POPESCU. Research have been made on an over-intensive apple plantation in Caransebes for Yonathan kind, through bioecological observations based on meteorological and ecological factors. The population estimation of Anthonomous pomorum (the apple blossom weevils) was made by shaking the trees on sheets and with the help of trapping supporting undergarment placed on the trunk, and determining the number of weevils on m3 from the crown in order to apply the treatment for fighting against them. In fighting agaisnt weevils the following insecticides have been used: Calypso 480 SC, Diazol 60 EC, Sinoratox Plus applied in phenophase of 10 – 15 % floral buds de-budded before the weevils lay the eggs. The chemical treatment is applied on plantations in which the frequency of attack in the previous year exceeded 8 – 10 % and the density of populations correlated with the load level of fruit buds trees has values of 0,5 – 1 weevils crown meter. Similarly can be used PED of 10-25 weevils (100 shakes branches). In order to rationalize the treatment applied, the efficiency of pesticide Calypso 480 SC, which applied during the warned period has reduced the frequency of attacks comparative to the treatment applied outside the warning period, a fact observed in pesticide Sinoratox Plus and Diazol 60 EC as well. The chemical treatment is applied in plantations where the rate of attack in the previous year exceeded 8-10% in orchards with normal flowering, 10-15% in those with poor flowering and 3-8% in those with abundant flowering, and population density in the year the past correlated with the degree of confusion of the fruit buds have the following values: 0.5 - 1 ladybug at m crown (normal tangle), 1-3 ladybugs per m crown (poor tangle). It can be use PED = 10 - 25 ladybugs (100 shaking branches) The trees have been shaken in the morning before sunrise at lower temperatures when the ladybugs are under exfoliating crust of trees. The observations were made in 15.III – 28.III at intervals of 2 – 3 days, trees having a normal load with sprouts with fruit determining an average of 3 ladybugs/m3 treetop and 15 ladybugs/100 branches what required chemical combating of this pest. Delaying treatment for 3-4 days causes an increase in the attack rate and attacked flowers, respectively, to levels close to the untreated control, significantly reducing production. Applying treatment outside the warning period is not economic, causing undue environmental pollution. The prediction of species Anthonomus pomorum (apple blossom weevils) was made through movement of trees on sheets and with help of belt trap applied on the stem in March and April resulting number of apple blosoom at m3 for treetop, function which is necessary to apply for treatment to combating the pest used the levels of density.
more abstractweevils, apple, treatments, pesticides, fighting against
Presentation: poster
DownloadSTABILITY AND SELECTIVITY OF SOME HERBICIDES, HERBICIDE COMBINATIONS AND AN HERBICIDE TANK MIXTURE ON CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) pag. 88-93
Grozi DELCHEVThe research was conducted during 2016 - 2018 on pellic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was chickpea cultivar Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.). Factor A included the years of investigation. Factor B included untreated control and 4 soil-applied herbicides – Dual gold 960 EC (S-metolachlor) - 1.5 l/ha, Stomp aqua (pendimethalin) - 3 l/ha, Merlin flex 480 SC (isoxaflutole) - 420 g/ha and Pelican 50 SC (diflufenikan) - 250 ml/ha. Factor C included untreated control, 3 foliar-applied herbicides – Pulsar 40 (imazamox) - 1.2 l/ha, Challenge 600 SC (aclonifen) - 4 l/ha and Shadow 3 ЕC (clethodim) - 1.6 l/ha and 1 herbicide tank mixture – Challenge 600 SC (aclonifen) - 4 l/ha + Shadow 3 ЕC (clethodim) - 1.6 l/ha. Soil-applied herbicides were treated during the period after sowing before emergence. Foliar-applied herbicides were treated during 6 - 8 real leaf stage of the chickpea. All of herbicides, herbicide combinations and herbicide tank-mixture were applied in a working solution of 200 l/ha. Mixing of foliar-applied herbicides was done in the tank on the sprayer. The highest yields of chickpea seeds are obtained by foliar treatment with herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow after soil-applied herbicides Pelican and Merlin flex. High yields are obtained also by foliar treatment with herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow after soil-applied herbicides Stomp aqua and Dual gold. Untreated control, herbicide combination Pelican + Pulsar and separated use antigraminaceous herbicide Shadow are the most unstable for seed yield. Combinations of herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow with soil-applied herbicides Merlin flex and Pelican are technological the most valuable. They are followed by combinations of herbicide tank-mixture Challenge + Shadow with soil-applied herbicides Stomp aqua and Dual gold. They combine high seed yield with high stability with relation to different years. Separated uses of soil-applied herbicides Pelican, Merlin flex, Stomp aqua and Dual gold, and their combined uses with antigraminaceous herbicide Shadow, and also herbicide combination Pelican + Pulsar have low estimates and do not be used. For complete control of all weeds and self-sown plants in chickpea crops, two herbicides should be combined - both soil-applied and foliar-applied.
more abstractchickpea, herbicides, herbicide combinations, seed yield, selectivity, stability
Presentation: poster
DownloadSOIL FUND STRUCTURE AND SOIL QUALITY IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER COURSE OF THE RIVER TIMIŞ, ROMANIA pag. 94-101
D. DICU 1, D. TARAU 1, Gh. ROGOBETE 2, R. BERTICI 1, L. NITA 1, Anisoara IENCIU 1, O. FOTA 3The purpose of the researches is rooted in the current scientific and practical discussions on the accumulation of knowledge regarding the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soils in relation to the natural features of the natural framework for the evaluation of their quality, which are found in the pedological studies prepared by the local OSPA. The relief on which the river basin of the river Timis is grafted is varied – mountains, hills and plains – so that the territory taken into account determines a great diversity of ecological conditions, generated by the variability of cosmic-atmospheric and earthly-edaphic factors that compete at achieving the environment in which plants grow and harvest. The issue addressed concerns an area of 328,728 ha of which 271,037 ha (82.45%) are agricultural land. The importance and timeliness of the work is the need to protect the edaphic cover and the environment by the accumulation of scientific data necessary for the substantiation of some technologies of consecutive works of edaphic cover and of sustainable management of the soil and water resources; and by implementation of conservative and sustainable management systems in the physical-geographical and climatic-edaphic conditions within the space considered. Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, adopted by the United Nations on 25 September 2015, sets a global framework for poverty eradication and sustainable development by 2030, based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) adopted in 2000. The object of study is the area of 330,270 ha, out of which 269,261 ha are agricultural lands (81.53%), located in the middle and lower basin of the Timiş River, namely identified soil and ground units (TEO) in the respective perimeter and their quality status. The systematic soil and soil agrochemical surveys carried out by the Pedological and Agrochemical Offices of our country provide valuable data on the evolution of soil quality, the differentiation and establishment of crop technologies, land retention and the establishment of favourability for different cultures, substantiating land improvement and improvement technologies, organizing and systematizing the territory.
more abstractland, soil, quality, risk
Presentation: poster
DownloadPEDOCLIMATIC FACTORS THAT INFLUENCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LANDS FROM BOIANU PLAIN pag. 102-110
D. DICU1, D. ȚĂRĂU1, V.V. VĂTĂMANU2, Lica TUTI3, E.G. BRIHAC3The research has as purpose the support of agricultural systems, responding to local requirements, to establishing the scientific data base necessary for the support of new technologies and the development of integrated management measures for agro-eco-systems. Among the main cultivated species and soil properties it can be established diverse and complex relations. To determine the complex relationships between the different soil properties, it were undertaken numerous studies, both in our country and in the world. These studies have elucidated a lot of mutual causality, thereby helping to define soil taxonomy, both in terms of genetic and the fundamental characteristics, in relation to their differential contribution to the productivity of land and their suitability for plants.The research of this project lies in the accumulation of scientific data on the evolution of components productivity of agricultural land on the atmospheric, cosmic-telurico-edaphic offer, necessary to support new technologies, through an complexes approach of physical, geographical, edaphic and climatic conditions from Boianu Plain.The problem concerns an area of 99.880 ha of agricultural land, located in Boianu plain, characterizing small land areas of about 2 hectares, with excess of surface moisture (UAT Vilcele and Brebeni), soil identified as Pelosol stagnated and the land with big surfaces of eluvial-stretched processes of clay of approximately 50 hectares (UAT Crampoia), where was identified vertic preluvosoil soil. The research of this project lies in the accumulation of scientific data on the evolution of components productivity of agricultural land on the atmospheric, cosmic-telurico-edaphic offer, necessary to support new technologies, through an complexes approach of physical, geographical, edaphic and climatic conditions from Boianu Plain. In this regard, the methodology for the study of soil, ICPA (1987), integrating organically, unitary, the mapping of soil and other environmental conditions multifaceted applied on the management on natural resources and those induced anthropogenic thus, represents a modern form of land management, having the duty to maintain and enhance soil fertility.
more abstractplain, land, quality, factors, productivity
Presentation: poster
DownloadSTUDY ON THE VARIABILITY IN DRY MATTER CONTENT OF SEVERAL LOLIUM PERENNE L. LINES MAINTAINED AND PRESERVED AT ARDS LOVRIN pag. 111-115
DRAGOȘ Marcela, RECHIȚEAN D., SALA AncaPreserving biodiversity in the agricultural landscape is a real challenge for this historical period of humanity, a challenge that arises from the need to understand the combined functions of agrobiodiversity - ecological and social - of its contributions to both the ecosystem and society. At present, about 90% of the food production is provided by approximately 120 species of crop plants. Besides the drastic reduction of specific diversity, with the advent of industrialized agriculture, an intensified process of genetic erosion has begun. Romania has the largest variety of regional and traditional plants in Europe: a "true treasure" (Friedrich Wilhem Graefe zu Baringdorf). There is a significant number of traditional varieties in Romania, as evidenced by the collection at the Gene Bank from Suceava - Romania. The traditional old seeds, the old germoplasm of the Romanian local populations, formed under the influence of natural selection, are a very precious heritage, an endangered wealth. In any research activity, the use of a properly and fully, correctly and fully biologically characterized, such as that existing germplasm collections, is a necessity. The germoplasm collection of the Lovrin Agricultural Research and Development Station, consisting of more than 2000 clones, was sampled from the plain permanent grasslands of the Banat Plain area and from the permanent grasslands of Caras-Severin, Arad and Hunedoara counties. After applying multiple selection cycles to the Lolium perenne ecotypes, 10 lines were selected, depending on the position of the shoots, the precocity and the width of the leaf. The 10 Lolium perenne lines were sown at the end of August 2017, and the first results on dry matter production were made in 2018. Three mowings were made, the share of which in the final production was the following: 48% at the first mowing; 34% at the second mowing; 18% at third mowing. By reference to the mean of all the results, the highest yield was obtained on the Lolium perenne 3 line (with a difference of 0.55 t/ha of dry matter), followed by the Lolium perenne 1 line (with a difference of 0.46 t/ha dry matter).
more abstractLolium perenne, dry matter, maintenance, conservation
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE FLIGHT BEHAVIOUR OF APHIDS ON THE PRUNUS AVIUM pag. 116-124
Liana Mihaela FERICEAN, Mihaela CORNEANU, C. NETOIU, Mihaela IVAN, A. BIRAU, Olga RADAOn the global and national level, aphids are an entomological group that is most important in terms of their implications for agriculture and horticulture. They produce extended harm to most plants, either directly, by extracting the sap of the plant, or indirectly by the transmission of a large number of phytopathogenic viruses. Given these considerations, and that in Romania there is insufficient research on the structure of aphid fauna and flight dynamics on the cherry tree, our research can make important contributions in this area. The study presents data referring to the flight behavior of aphids on the cherry tree. The research has been carried out in the year 2017. Species were collected from orchards from Didactic Station Timisoara (Timiş County - a plain area) and Varfurile, (Arad County - a mountain area) from Romania. In the pedoclimatic conditions of the West of Romania, following the researches carried out in the year 2017, the aphid fauna of the cherry in the plain area was very rich with a total of 12 species: Aphis fabae, Aphis frangulae, Aphis pomi, Aphis nasturti, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus, Dysaphis plantaginea, Hyalopterus pruni, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum poae. Regarding flight behavior of aphid populations, the month of May began with large population, reaching the highest number of individuals in the last decade, when there were collected 12 species of aphids. August is characterized by a regression period of the flight intensity, the population is reduced due to adverse thermal conditions and the fact that many species of aphids have migrated to secondary host plants. Regarding flight behavior, levels peak in May and September, when aphids return the primary host plant. Knowing aphids fauna of the cherry tree and flight behavior is important for optimal timing of treatments application to combat aphids. The aim of this study was to investigate and identify aphid species in orchards of the cherry tree in West of Romania.
more abstractbehaviour, aphids, Prunus avium, flight
Presentation: poster
DownloadWESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG (LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS) FOR THE ORNAMENTAL LANDSCAPES OF THE ROMANIA pag. 125-131
Ioana GROZEA, Ana Covilca MUNTEANA new non-native species of stink bugs was accidentally identified in the ornamental landscapes in the western part of Romania. This is Leptoglossus occidentalis which is framed in follow systematic units: Insect class, Hemiptera order, Heteroptera suborder, Coreidae family and Coreinae subfamily. It is also known as western conifer seed bug (WCSB). The species originates in North America, where it has gradually expanded, covering the entire continent. Europe has been accidentally introduced in some parts of Europe, including Romania. In Romania, there are no detailed species-related references, only one published as a short (even very short, 1-page communication) and this does not fully satisfy the identification characters and the host plant range. The first 5 exemplars were found in a private garden from Timis County, in October of 2017, then several month later, in the same location (but during the vegetation period), there were 12 exemplars on a relatively small surface and these were observed directly on woody plants. The host plants that have been observed consisted of 2 species of juniper and 3 of pine species such as: Meyeri virginiana, Jenuperus squamata Blue Carpet, Pinus mugho mughus, Pinus silvestri and Pinus nigra. Own detailed features of morphological identification of the adult form of the species as well as the presence of insect at world level are also provided by this paper. Observations consisted of direct macroscopic studies on plants and insects in the area (habitat), but also in laboratory studies detailed on the binocular magnifier. The latter ones were performed at the Phytosanitary Diagnosis and Expertise Laboratory. Insect-host interaction is evidenced by the mechanisms of attack and the created symptoms and indirectly the particular and general damage to a given ecosystem. The potential for expansion across the western part of Romania, and especially in green spaces or botanical and relaxation parks, is still being addressed.
more abstractLeptoglossus occidentalis, western conifer seed bug, insect pest, juniper, pine.
Presentation: poster
DownloadASSESSMENT OF POPULATION DENSITY OF INSECT SPECIES CALLED "SPECIES PROBLEM", IN LOTS WITH DIFFERENT MAIZE HYBRIDS pag. 132-137
Ioana GROZEA, Horatiu HORGOS, Ramona STEF, Alin CARABET, Ana Maria VIRTEIU, Levente MOLNARMaize has been and continues to occupy a major place, being one of the most cultivated plants in Europe. Romania and, in particular, the western part of the country provides a great deal of corn production. As such, special care should be taken to protect these plants against harmful organisms and especially insects. There are currently some species that affect corn crops, and these include Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (western corn rootworm), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) and Helicoverpa armigera (corn earworm). All three species have one particularity. So, Diabrotica is an invasive species that has a great ability to move and few natural enemies. Ostrinia is hard to fight, and there is no clear strategy at the moment. Helicoverpa is known to be highly resistant to insecticides, as well as the previous species. Taking into account all this, in the present paper we have proposed to evaluate the current state of population density of the above-mentioned insects from 10 different maize hybrids. The corn hybrids tested were selected according to the maturity group and their availability on the market. These were included in different maturity groups, such as semi-early, early and semi-early. The FAO classification included groups 300 and 400. The test site was Nerau in Timis county (western Romania) and the period covered 2 years, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Assessment of the population level of each species has been done specifically, depending on the size of the insect and the possibility of better catching them. Thus, colorful panel traps for the species Coleoptera and box-type traps for butterfly species were used. Traps were placed 3 in each batch following the manufacturer's instructions. In all the experimental lots the three harmful species were present in great dimension but the population level did not differ much from hybrid to hybrid.
more abstractDiabrotica virgifera, Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpa armigera, corn
Presentation: poster
DownloadEFFECTS OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON RATE OF WEIGHT OF STRAW AND EAR AND ON THE CHLOROFILL CONTENT OF THREE WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES pag. 138-142
István KRISTÓ - Melinda TAR – Katalin Irmes - Péter JAKAB - István Mihály PETRÓCZIThe aim of our study was to determine the effect of N fertilization on the proportion of straw and ear of three winter wheat varieties, and to demonstrate the possibility of using Hydro N-Tester in precision crop production. Our experiments were carried out in Szeged – Öthalom on 10m2 experimental plots, three winter wheat varieties (GK Békés, GK Csillag, GK Petur), in two growing seasons (2010/2011, 2011/2012), 2 fertilizer treatment per growing season, with 3 repetitions, random block arrangement. To determined the rate of weight of straw and ear in the full ripening of winter wheat, right before harvest samples were taken, in 3-3 replications for varieties and treatments. The relative chlorophyll concentration of the wheat leaf was measured using a Hydro N-Tester portable chlorophyll measuring instrument. Measurements were made for N-treatments and wheat varieties in the first year, four (April 6, April 15, May 5, May 17), and the second year at three times (April 18, May 4, June 7). We can conclude, that the rate of weight of straw and ear was hardly changed by fertilizer treatments, but rather the characteristics of varieties were enforced. Comparing the varieties in both years (2010/2011, 2011/2012)and in both fertilizer treatments, we found that the highest rate of weight of straw and ear was in GK Csillag variety and the lowest rate of weight of straw and ear in GK Petur variety. Hydro N-Tester is suitable for determining the N-supply of winter wheat, as a top dressing after a week was able to be measured in the leaves the change of chlorophyll amount. The values obtained with the Hydro N-Tester depend not only on the amount of N applied, but also on the varieties. It would be advisable to carry out more of these tests to detection the characteristics of the winter wheat varieties.
more abstractwinter wheat, nitrogen fertilization, N top dressing, rate of weight of straw and ear, Hydro N-Tester
Presentation: poster
DownloadIMPACT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON RELATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THREE WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES pag. 143-149
István KRISTÓ - Melinda TAR - Péter JAKAB - Katinka JANCSÓ- István Mihály PETRÓCZIThe aim of our study was to determine the effect of N top dressing on the yield components of three wheat varieties. Our experiments were carried out in Szeged – Öthalom on 10m2 experimental plots, three winter wheat varieties (GK Békés, GK Csillag, GK Petur), in two growing seasons (2010/2011, 2011/2012), 2 fertilizer treatment per growing season, with 3 repetitions, random block arrangement. The yield components were evaluated by kind of Sváb cumulative yield analysis (SVÁB 1961, 1962). The cumulative yield production analysis gives opportunity for graphic representation of plant development, where horizontal axle (x) represents yield components (end products of different development stages) per unit area in developmental order, and vertical axle (y) indicates the percent value of yield components referring to a basis for comparison. In the course of cumulative yield production analysis the followings are considered as yield components: A=number of seeds m-2, B=number of shoots m-2, C=number of ears m-2, D=number of spikelets m-2, E=number of grains m-2, F=grain weight m-2. The examined genotypes have a characteristic development line, the relative positioning of their yield components shows the characteristic features of the variety. GK Csillag is an extraordinarily tillering, number of shoot per unit area, number of ear, number of spikelet and number of grains are favorable. GK Békés and GK Petur are characterized by a larger thousand-seed weight. The plants which didn't get the early spring nitrogen dose, couldn't tiller as the ones received the N treatment in time. The April and May nitrogen surplus is beneficial for the ear number and grain number value of winter wheat. The delayed, higher doses of nitrogen fertilization cannot compensate the backlog of plants, so it is result poor yield. The continuous, issued in several installments N-dose is preferable for winter wheat, so it is result higher yield as a large amount of N applied to a few times.
more abstractwinter wheat, nitrogen fertilization, N top dressing, yield component
Presentation: poster
DownloadFACTORS LIMITING SOIL FERTILITY IN THE MOLDOVA NOUA AREA, CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 150-153
Casiana MIHUȚ, A. OKROS, Anișoara DUMA-COPCEA, V.D. MIRCOV, Florina Nicoleta BOJINESCUThis paper presents the main factors limiting soil fertility in the Moldova Noua area, Caras-Severin County, Romania. The goals of this paper are: characterising the natural landscape, identifying and characterising soil types and subtypes, describing the factors limiting soil fertility, and presenting soil fertility improvement and protection measures. The material used is represented by the main soil subtypes in the studied area. Results allowed the description of the most important factors limiting soil fertility and the suggestion of soil fertility protection, conservation and recovery solutions, i.e. agricultural and soil improvement works. This was determined by the very complex soils located in a relatively moist climate area and on a strongly fragmented relief made up mainly of a wide variety of rocks. Along the valleys, there are prepodsols and different subtypes of prepodsols, together with regosols and erodosols, while on the terraces, there are stagnogley prepodsols and, in the mountain area, podzols, rendzinas and lithosols are predominant. Moldova Noua is located in southern Caras-Severin County, Romania, on the Danube River, covering 146 km2. Geologically, the territory belongs almost entirely to the Meridional Carpathians, namely to the Locvei Mountains, which are made up of lime rocks and crystal shales rich in copper. In lime areas altitude reaches over 700 m. To study the factors limiting soil cover fertility in Moldova Noua, Caras-Severin, Romania, we had to conduct a set of laboratory analyses. The studied area belongs to Moldova Noua, Caras-Severin County, Romania, and is characterised by varied geological and physical and geographical conditions, which generated a complex soil cover represented by 6 types and 77 subtypes of soil: Luvisols, measuring 932.06 ha (15.23%) of the studied area; Entianthroposols, measuring 0.63 ha (0.01%); Chernozems, measuring 3,977.24 ha (65%); Phaeozems, measuring 1,001.77 ha (16.37%); Pelosols, measuring 18.35 ha (0.30%); and Vertosols, measuring 188.8 ha (3.09%). The aide range of factors influencing soil fertility caused a wide variety of soil subtypes: this diversity is of considerable importance for each crop from the perspective of crop favourability and suitability.
more abstractlimiting factors, soil, fertility, acidity, texture, moisture excess, erosion, slope
Presentation: poster
DownloadEFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS FOR PLANTS FROM THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY pag. 154-159
C. MOISA1,2*, L. COPOLOVICI2, Andreea LUPITU1,2, Dana COPOLOVICI2, Ilinca IMBREA1, Georgeta POP1Alongside water and nutrients, solar radiation is of most importance for regulating photosynthesis, plant growth and adaptation. The lack or too much solar radiation can become a stress factor in a relatively short time (minutes, hours), while other stress factors, like water content in the soil needs a few days or weeks. Many studies have shown that plant biomass and photosynthetic parameters (net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance) decrease in low light conditions. By determining the photosynthetic parameters and photosynthesis irradiance curve, we aimed to see if several correlations could be made. High values for stomatal conductance and net assimilation were recorded in all four plants, but the highest were observed for Origanum vulgare and the lowest for Satureja montana. The higher assimilatory pigments quantity over the unit area (mg/m2) were determined for Thymus vulgaris 718.32 chlorophyll b and 1464.76 chlorophyll a, maintaining the ratio between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b to that of ~2, corresponding with the literature of values found in medicinal and aromatic plants. Medicinal plants usually refer to plants that could be used directly, without further isolation of compounds (foods with healing properties), but similarly, they could also be used as medical agents and starting materials for compound isolation (aromatic plants for essential oils, sources of phenolic compounds, alkaloids). The medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae family cultivated in west side of Romania show great promise as a dietary and therapeutic source involved in human health. Lamiaceae is a family of medicinal and aromatic plants of great economic importance, which produces a wide variety of secondary compounds, being highly recognized for its essential oils secreted by glandular trichomes. Usually it comprises a large group of herbaceous, shrubs and subshrubs, perennial or annual plants, having antispasmodic, antioxidant, antitumor, excitatory, carminative, antiarthritic, tonic and many other health effects. Thymus vulgaris has the smallest plant height, forcing it to be in a permanent competition for sunlight with all the surrounding vegetation.
more abstractaromatic plants, photosynthesis, light intensity, assimilatory pigments, Lamiaceae
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DownloadCLIMATE CHANGE IN VINEYARDS OF SERBIAN-ROMANIAN BANAT pag. 160-167
Sara MUZDALO1, Mirjam VUJADINOVIC1, Ana VUKOVIC1, Zorica RANKOVIC-VASIC1, Vlad Dragoslav MIRCOV2, Alin DOBREI2Over the past five decades mean annual temperature in Banat region increased for approximately 1.2 °C. At the same time, summer season (June, July, August) became warmer by around 1.8 °C, with more frequent and more intense extreme events, such as droughts, heat waves and heavy precipitation that may be followed by floods and hail. This change has already influenced vineyards across Banat, shifting the Winkler index from the second to the third zone, causing changes in the viticultural practice. Although the analysis of future climate change is done, both in Serbia and Romania, on a national and local level, there is no study covering this bordering region as a whole. Border regions are recognized as places with higher climate change impacts, where cross-border cooperation and exchange of good practice and knowledge may enlarge the capacity of both countries to combat the change and implement adaptation measures. Future climate change impact assessment is done using an ensemble of high-resolution regional climate models from the CORDEX project. High resolution of the projections enables to investigate the diversity across this relatively small region, while the use of multi-model ensemble provides the information on projections uncertainty. Two green house gasses scenarios were selected from the Fifth Assessment Report scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, namely RCP8.5 as a “business as usual” and RCP4.5 as a “midline” scenario. Following these two emission pathways, temperature and precipitation are examined within three 20-years long time slices, representing near future, mid-century and end of the century. Viticultural bioclimatic indices that are commonly used to describe climate of wine-growing regions are also analyzed, alongside with a frequency change for certain weather events that may have a negative impact on the grape production and/or wine quality. The results of this study may be used to tailor adaptation measures particularly for vineyards in Banat region involving both short and long-term planning and ensuring their implementation through cross-border cooperation which will be important steps towards the sustainable viticultural development in the region.
more abstractBanat, viticulture, climate change, bioclimatic indices
Presentation: oral
DownloadAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS PRACTICED IN THE ORŢIŞOARA COMMUNE, TIMIŞ COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 168-171
Adalbert Okros, Paul Pîrșan, Casiana Mihuț, Mircov Vlad Dragroslav, Bojinescu Florina Nicoleta, Ienciu Anisoara, Maria Manuela CristaThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the situation of agriculture in the commune of Orţişoara through the areas and productions obtained and the agricultural systems practiced. Located in the northern part of Timiş County, Orţişoara, the commune with the same name, is 24.1 km away from Timişoara. In the composition of this administrative territory are Ortişoara, Călacea, Corneşti and Seceani. The geographical location of the commune during the passage between the plain and the hill areas has allowed, from ancient times, to develop an efficient agriculture in these lands. Orţişoara commune covers an area of 12,960 ha, of which 12,907 ha represents the agricultural land. The agricultural area of the commune is 12,907 ha and it consists of the following categories: arable 11,595 ha, pastures 645 ha, haymaking 589 ha, orchards 69 ha and living 9 ha. As for the classification of this area in quality classes, for the “arable” category, the situation is as follows: 1st class 2,563 ha (19.88%), 2nd class 5,687 ha (44.0%), 3rd class 292 hectares (17.0%), 4th class 855 ha (6.6%) and 5th class 1,610 hectares (12.5%). The limiting factors that strike on the quality of the land (soils) in that the cadastral territory of Ortişoara commune is characterised by the soil reaction (due to the low values on 47.7%), the low humus content (34.8%), slope and surface erosion (17.5%). The paper includes data on the area cultivated with various crops, the yields obtained, the application of fertilizers, amendments, the agricultural parcel, the livestock sector, companies and agricultural constructions during the years 2015-2017. The main crops are: wheat, sorghum, triticale, corn, soybeans, sugar beet, rape and sunflower. Both cultivated areas and yields vary from year to year according to the chosen crop technology (rotation, care, etc.) and pedo-climatic conditions. In addition to cultivating various crops, farmers also deal with animal husbandry. In Orţişoara, there are 33 agricultural companies, which together have an agricultural area of 9,415.25 ha: this shows that agriculture is one of the main occupations of the population in the area, a source of sustainable income and an area in continuous development.
more abstractagricultural systems, soils, uses, crops and yields
Presentation: poster
DownloadCONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CULTIVATION OF THYME (THYMUS VULGARIS L.) IN THE DOBRODGEA PLATEAU pag. 172-177
Liliana PANAITESCU*), Simona NIȚĂ**), M. L. LUNGU*), L. D. NIȚĂ **), I. SHENK*)The pharmaceutical industry has high qualitative and quantitative requirements in terms of ensuring the need for medicinal plants. This is why cultivating medicinal plants in the framework of an integrated technology, with high quality, is an important aspect because the raw material from the spontaneous flora cannot provide for the ever increasing needs. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is a medicinal and aromatic herb of old tradition, being used in large quantities in the pharmaceutical and spice industries. The dry plant often serves as a raw material for the extraction of active substances, only a part of it is used as a spice, in spice mixtures or in tea manufacturing. The thyme was called the plant of courage, the antiviral effects being known from ancient times. The Greeks and Romans gave the warriors thyme before battles. In the Middle Ages it was used to treat pertussis cough. In today's medicine, thyme is used in creams for muscular and rheumatic pains, and experts appreciate the chance to give up antibiotics in uncomplicated cases. Increased persistent infection, due to the abusive use of antibiotics, is becoming a global issue, an increasingly widespread problem. In agriculture it can be used as a means of plant protection, which inhibits the production of aflatoxins. Volatile oil protects maize grains against Aspergillus flavus mold. (Stahl-Biskup and Saez 2002). Thyme is also an important melliferous plant. Knowing these aspects, the paper presents aspects regarding the climatic conditions in the Dobrogea Plateau area, aspects regarding the requirements of this plant regarding climate and soil, a case study with the "Deutscher Winter" (German Winter) variety, one of the most cultivated. It was found that it was accommodated on cambic chernozem in the experimental area, being resistant to frost. Green herb yields were 12.5 t / ha in crop year 1 and 25 t / ha in year 2.
more abstractsustainable technologies, cultivation, thyme
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DownloadORGANIC PRODUCTION OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) HYBRIDS IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL SOUTH BULGARIA pag. 178-186
Galia PANAYOTOVAThe purpose of this study was to establish the specific characteristics of organic farming sunflower hybrids in terms of seed yield and its structural elements as well as the efficiency of bioproduct Biophalfa (Alga 300) in rate 1 l.ha-1. Seven sunflower hybrids were tested: Sanay, NK Meldimi, NK Alego, NK Ferti, DKF2120, P64LE10 and P64LE11 on the certified bio-field of the Field Crops Institute, Chirpan, Bulgaria, under non-irrigated conditions after durum wheat (Tr. durum Desf.). The soil in the field of organic farming was Pellic Vertisols (FAO). The following characteristics were reported: seed yield (t.ha-1), weight of the whole head (g); head diameters D1 (length) and D2 (width) (cm) and the ratio between the diameters (D1/D2); head area (cm2); specific head weight (g.cm-2); weight of 1000 seeds (g). The results demonstrated that sunflower hybrids can be successfully grown under organic farming conditions. In favorable years a seed yield of 2.34 t.ha-1 can be realized, and in drought - about 1.45 t.ha-1. The sunflower hybrid DKF2120 achieved higher seed yields without and with feeding - 1.83 and 1.96 t.ha-1, respectively, i.e. it was most adaptable to be used in organic production out of the seven tested sunflower hybrids. The proven interaction Hybrid х Year showed that hybrids manifested different requirements to the conditions of the environment. For both fertilizing systems, the P64LE10 and P64LE11 hybrids had a significantly higher weight of 1000 seeds - from 56.2 to 57.3 g, and the values were found to be higher in the favorable 2014 (51.2 g). The weight of whole head ranging from 133 to 348 g, The foliar feeding additional stimulates weight of whole head, resulting in average of 227.7 g. while without feeding it was 200.3 g. The area of sunflower head was very good - 224 cm2. There was a strong positive correlation between the diameters of the head with its area (0.95-0.96).
more abstractorganic farming, sunflower hybrids, foliar fertilization, seed yield, 1000 seeds weight.
Presentation: poster
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF COLOSTRUM DOSING ON BLOOD IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS IN CALVES pag. 187-193
Olivér Soós – Ildikó SZALÓKINÉ ZIMA – Attila RIBÁCS – Noémi HERNÁDIThe authors carried out their research in Holstein-Friesian breed under the conditions of organic farming. The colostrum antibody content was measured as a function of the time elapsed since calving, the authors also measured the effect of the time of the first colostrum on the antibody level of the 48-hour calf serum and on the number of days of sickness until the 10th day of life. The efficacy of a commercially available bovine colostrum product against fresh colostrum has also been investigated. Colostrum at calving Brix % (control value) 26.96+/-3.11; after 12 hours 17.50+/-1.30 (65% of control value); after 24 hours 8.04+/-0.92 (30% of control value) (n = 10; SD5% = 1.85). Brix % of the serum of 48-hour calves, fed immediately after birth (control value) 9.06+/-0.73; fed 2 hours later 7.32+/-0.34 (81 % of control value); fed 4 hours later 5.86+/-0.35 (65 % of control value). In case of calves fed by the colostrum product just after birth 7.66+/-0.24 (85 % of control value) (n = 10; SD5% = 0.41). The number of sick days per 1 calf being fed immediately after birth is 0.4; that in the 2-hour group is 0.8; in the 4-hour group 1.3; in the group with the colostrum product it is 0.5 – it shows a very close second degree correlation with serum Brix % values (R2 = 0.9559). It can be stated that the content of colostrum antibody (Brix %) decreased rapidly after calving. In case of calves, the more time passed between the birth and first colostrum feeding the less effective it was to pick up the antibody from the colostrum, which is supported by the Brix % of serum and the number of days of sickness, as well. Each group received colostrum milked immediately after calving, only the time of first drink was different. If necessary, timely drinking of a good quality colostrum preparation can be an appropriate alternative for calves, but their mothers’ fresh colostrum is a more reliable protection. The results confirm that calf rearing by feeding them with colostrum after birth is the most sensitive segment of cattle breeding and that well-functioning colostrum management is key to establishing well-producing stocks.
more abstractHolstein-Friesian, colostrum management, calf rearing, bucket feeding
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DownloadNEW DISTRIBUTION DATA FOR THE ENDEMIC SPECIES EPIPACTIS GUEGELII ROBATSCH (ORCHIDACEAE) IN THE WESTERN SIDE OF ROMANIAN pag. 194-201
STEIU CorinaThe endemic species Epipactis guegelii Robatsch is considered a very local and rare one among the Epipactis genus. Epipactis guegelii was described in 1996 by Karl Robatsch from the Danube Delta, the Letea Forest. Just after some years, in 2008 this species had another publication record by Wolfgang Wucherphennig who revisited Letea Forest. He traveled in this isolated area with the purpose to study this very little known Epipactis species among other rare orchid species like E. danubialis Robatsch § Rydlo which grows together with E. guegelii in this remote area. As a result of his investigations he reconfirmed the presence of this two species in this area and clarified their status, proved that E. danubialis Robatsch § Rydlo is identical to E. persica (Soó) Hausskn. ex Nannf. and E. guegelii Robatsch to be considered a distinct species from E. helleborine. It is known that the taxonomy of the genus Epipactis as being difficult because of the particularity of morphological aspects needed for identification. These morphological characters of Epipactis genus are observed in most cases just in fresh blooming plants. When studying herbarium specimens of this genus the most important diagnostic characters that differentiate similar species cannot be observed anymore. After more than 20 years since the first description of E. guegelii, we found E. guegelii in the western side of the country, in three locations, in the riparian/alluvial forests of the Banat region. With this new observation data on the E. guegelii the chorology of this species is extended much further from its original eastern habitat. This new location data from the Banat region, so further away from its eastern limits, might indicates that the view of the endemic status of E. guegelii for Romania is having by now could change in the future. This new find might help to fill in the gaps in geographical distribution of Epipactis species at European level by extending further the eastern limits of this species. Discussions and morphological diagnosis characters are documented by pictures of plants taken in these new sites we discovered. From all these new locations another orchid species are mentioned, associated plant species are documented, habitat notes, population size and conservational concerns are presented besides.
more abstractEpipactis guegelii, endemic species, chorology, Romania, new occurrence records.
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DownloadEFFECTIVENESS OF THE EUROPEAN SUBSIDIES FOR SUPPORT OF PROTEIN CROPS IN BULGARIA pag. 202-209
Antoniya Stoyanova, Darina StoyanovaThe report briefly analyzed the effectiveness of tied support for protein crops. The objective of state aid policy in the field of Agriculture is to improve the economic efficiency of farms and the standard of living of the employed in the sector. State aids to Agriculture are provided in accordance with EU legislation in this field and according to the capabilities of the state budget. The support scheme for farmers for protein crops is only part of the State payments for the European Union`s Common Agricultural Policy for the 2015-2020 programming period. Entitlements under the scheme are producers in the whole country who cultivate at least 0.5 hectares of eligible crops (together or separately) of protein crops. The analysis reveals a tendency for beneficiaries to increase as opposed to the funds allocated under the scheme. The support rate for protein crops shall be determined for each year, as fixed in the budget plan are divided into eligible for support decars with protein crops for a particular year. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which protein crop production has been influenced and what types of protein crops in Bulgaria have been introduced since the introduction of the EU's new scheme of tied protein support. Before the introduction of direct support for protein crops from the CAP, the area under pulses in Bulgaria decreased ten times for the period 2001-2011, the analysis shows increased interest in farmers, due to European subsidies. Protein crops are characterized by high biological and nutritional value. They have a high biological potential in optimizing growing conditions. As a result of irrigation, productivity gains in soybeans and field peas have been found to be over 56% and 27% relative to the yields obtained from natural moisture. In the conditions of limited water resource it is important to how effective the irrigation rate is used to form additional yield.
more abstractprotein crops, subvention, yield, correlation, efficiency, state aids
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DownloadSTUDIES ON THE EXPRESION OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINATION CAPACITY AT SEVERAL INBRED LINES IN A DIALLEL SYSTEM AND THE MANIFESTATION OF HETEROSIS IN NEW MAIZE HYBRIDS OBTAINED pag. 218-225
DANA SUBA, TITUS T. SUBA, ALINA AGAPIEAbstract: Of great importance for the extension of the practice of corn amelioration, of quantitative genetic analysis methods, was the enunciation of the general combination capacity (CGC) and specific combination (CCS) concept. According to this concept, CGC means the additive genetic component transmitted by a parent to all his offspring and CCS is the genetic component transmitted to the offspring only after crossing a genitor, specifically with another particular partner. These two components are genetically equivalent to the effect of additive gene action for CGC and the effect of non-admissive, dominant + epistaxic gene interactions in the csc case. It can be said that this concept marked spectacular results recorded by the creation of maize hybrids in the second half of the 20th century. The overall ability to combine inbred lines is particularly important in making valuable corn hybrids. Crossing known inbred lines through the general combination ability (for production or other character) in a dialell system, it is normal to perform a hierarchy of the respective inbred lines. The study of the effects of the general combining ability in the expression of heterosis in the characters: the height of insertion, the total height, the length of the ear, the number of grains per row, the grain weight, the weight of the ear, the dry matter, the MMB, the number of erect plants, using experimental data from a dialel system of type p (p-1) / 2. Regarding the analysis of variants of hybrid combinations obtained in the dialell system, it is observed that for all the studied characters the ratio between the specific combining capacity and the overall combinaton capacity is superunit, which means that in these cases the effect of nonadjusted dominant gene interactions and epistazis is stronger than the additive effect. High values for heritability coefficient were recorded for the number of rows per ear, grain production, and the percentage of erect plants, which means that transmission of these characters to other genotypes can be done efficiently. The majority of characters are mainly dominated by dominant genes, with a dominance ratio greater than 1, except for the percentage of erect plants.
more abstractinbred lines, dialell system, heritability coefficient, combination capacity
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DownloadEFFECT OF NITROGEN RATES ON THE NUTRIENT BALANCES OF GRAIN SORGHUM pag. 226-232
Zhivko TODOROV, Ivan VELINOV, Svetla KOSTADINOVAThe effect of nitrogen fertilization in rates 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg N.ha-1 on the mineral balances of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was studied in the experimental field of Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in 2017-2018 under non-irrigated conditions in grain sorghum hybrid EC Alize. Total nitrogen as NH4NO3 was applied as pre-sowing fertilization on the background P50K50 fertilization as triple superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively. The experimental design consisted of a randomized, complete block design with four replications. The size of individual trial plots was 20 m2. It was found that the grain removed 112.6 kg N.ha-1, 51.1 kg P2O5.ha-1 and 23.7 kg K2O.ha-1 on average in 2017. In the wet vegetation of 2018, the average quantities of nutrients were higher by 20.4%, 12.5% and 49.4%, respectively for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilization proven increased the accumulated nitrogen and potassium in the sorghum grain and it slightly affected the grain phosphorus export. The grain nitrogen removal increased in parallel with the applied nitrogen up to N180 in 2017, and up to N240 in experimental 2018. The most potassium of the grain 27.6 - 43.5 kg K2O.ha-1 was taken up when sorghum was fertilized with N180 and N240. The high N300 rate significantly decreased accumulated potassium in the grain, compared to the variants fertilized with N120-240. Without nitrogen fertilization sorghum grain annually removed 90.6 – 98.4 kg N.ha-1. The mineral balance of nitrogen was a negative when sorghum received 60 - 120 kg N.ha-1 and the soil contained less than 40 mg Nmin.kg-1 soil. The phosphorus mineral balance changed from -10.9 kg P2O5.ha-1 at N120 rate up to 2.1 kg P2O5.ha-1 at the N0 control. Under P50K50 background fertilization the mineral balance of phosphorus was a negative in all nitrogen fertilized variants in 2018, and it was a negative at fertilization rates 60, 120 and 180 kg of N.ha-1 in 2017. The mineral balance of potassium was a positive at all studied nitrogen levels N0 – N300. After sorghum harvesting, 14.4 - 27.2 kg K2O.ha-1 on average remained in the soil.
more abstractmineral balance, fertilization, grain sorghum
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DownloadCYTISUS PLANTS CONSERVED IN ”ALEXANDRU BELDIE” HERBARIUM pag. 233-239
Emilia VECHIU, Maria DincăThe present article analyses the plant species belonging to the Cytisus Genus and present in Al. Beldie Herbarium from Marin Drăcea National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry (INCDS), Bucharest. This Herbarium is registered in Index Herbariorum and contains over 40 000 vouchers. Cytisus Genus belongs to the Fabaceae Family which contains over 490 plant species with medicinal properties. The species from this Genus are cultivated both for their ornamental aspect as well as for their bioactive properties. The Genus is present in Europe, Asia, North Africa and South Africa. Among the species present in the Herbarium we mention: Cytisus nigricans L., Cytisus hirsutus L., Cytisus elongatus Waldst. & Kit., Cytisus albus., Cytisus albus Hacq., Cytisus austriacus L., Cytisus falcatus Waldst. & Kit., Cytisus leucotrichus L., Cytisus leucanthus Waldst. & Kit., Cytisus heuffelii Wierzb. etc. These plants were gathered from all over Romania as well as from abroad by renowned specialists such as Al. Beldie, P. Cretzoiu, G. P. Grințescu, St. Purcelean, At. Haralamb, Al. Borza, C.C. Georgescu, S. Pașcovschi, I. Pop, I. Prodan, A. Richter, Wolff, E. Reverchon and E.I. Nyárády. The data from each voucher include the name of the species, the harvesting year, the harvesting place, the person who has collected them as well as their conservation degree. The plants were gathered over 140 years, from 1850 until 1990. The oldest plant dates back to 1852, while the majority of them were harvested in the period 1930-1939. The most number of species from this Genus were collected from Romania, namely from Argeș, Bihor, Ilfov, Bistrița Năsăud, Caraș Severin, Dolj, Mureș, Sibiu, Brașov and Cluj counties. A small number of species were gathered from Europe, especially from France, Hungary and Italy. The plants were kept in good conditions so that their conservation degree is very very good.
more abstractCytisus, herbarium, plants
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DownloadFOREST FRUITS REPRESENTATIVE FOR TIMIS COUNTY pag. 240-246
Emilia VECHIU, Maria DincăNon-wood forest products (NWFPs) represent an important nutritional resource for the rural population. The most common worldwide NWFPs are represented by forest fruits, edible mushrooms, seeds, game, medicinal plants and much more. These NWFPs are used for their positive health properties. Due to the fact that Romania has at its disposal a large variety of relief forms, numerous NWFPs are present on its territory, with a preponderance of forest fruits. These are rich in vitamins and have antioxidant properties, being used in alimentation, medicinal or cosmetic industry. The present article presents the most representative forest fruits from Timiș County. As such, the forest fruits characteristic for this County are the following: cornel cherries (Cornus mas L.), wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L. ), brier (Rosa canina L.), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), blackberry (Rubus hirtus W. et K.), forest pears (Pyrus pyraster L.), alderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and cherries (Prunus avium L.). Their classification was realized after an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) based on 19 well established criteria whose analysis was realized by renowned specialists. Based on this process, the most popular and sought after forest fruits from Timiș County are sea buckthorn, cherries and blackberries. The most perishable forest fruits are wild strawberries and brier, while the quantity of forest pears, cherries and elderberry harvested in 8 hours is much higher than the one of wild strawberries, sea buckthorn and brier. The sea buckthorn fruits can be used for treating different cardiovascular diseases, cancer, asthma and pulmonary diseases, while cherries and wild strawberries represent a rich source of proteins, minerals, vitamins and different substances with antioxidant purpose. The portfolio of derived forest fruits products is very diverse. As such, it is usually represented by the following products: tea, syrup, liqueur, jam, cosmetic products and a diverse range of products used in the medicinal industry.
more abstractTimis, sea buckthorn, blackberries
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DownloadREALIZING A WORK FLOW WITH E-TERRA 3 PROGRAM FOR REGISTRATION OF DATA AT THE CADASTRAL AND IMOBILIAR ADVERTISING OFFICE pag. 247-255
Adrian ŞMULEAC1,2, Laurențiu-Alin NAIDIN1, Laura ȘMULEAC1The present paper refers to a complete plan of achieving an analogous work (cadastral documentation type) as well as on a digital support (dwg, dxf format etc.) with all its solutions until finalization through resolution at the Cadastral and Advertising Office Real estate from Timis. The documentation starts from an enumeration of documents, certificates and annexes completed by the owner and the service contract in which the authorized person is employed, as well as the description of the receipt of the work by an office subordinated to the National Agency for Cadastral and Real Estate Advertising, in our case OCPI. As well as the internal flow of analog and digital work through the Referent and the integrated cadastral and real estate advertising system E-terra until the endorsement by a specialized inspector in the cadaster of the same institution. And last but not least, the act issued by the OCPI with the technical notification, which makes the object of its enrollment in Land Registry also under the action of a Public Notary. The present paper refers to a complete plan of achieving an analogous work (cadastral documentation type) as well as on a digital support (dwg, dxf format etc.) with all its solutions until finalization through resolution at the Cadastral and Advertising Office Real estate from Timis. The documentation starts from an enumeration of documents, certificates and annexes completed by the owner and the service contract in which the authorized person is employed, as well as the description of the receipt of the work by an office subordinated to the National Agency for Cadastral and Real Estate Advertising, in our case OCPI. As well as the internal flow of analog and digital work through the Referent and the integrated cadastral and real estate advertising system E-terra until the endorsement by a specialized inspector in the cadaster of the same institution. And last but not least, the act issued by the OCPI with the technical notification, which makes the object of its enrollment in Land Registry also under the action of a Public Notary
more abstractANCPI, OCPI, E-terra, GMXL,ZIP, dxf, PAD,CF, CAD, TOP, GPS, Inspire, Esri
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