Vol 56, No 4 (2024)
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA: A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS PLANTS pag. 3-13
Denisa AIOANEI1, Georgiana OPRISIU1, Klaudia KINCEL1,2, A. CĂRĂBEȚ1, Ramona ȘTEF1Asclepias syriaca was introduced in Romania as ornamental plant in XIX century. In present, this species can be encountered in various habitats such as meadows, forest edge, lakes shore, irrigation canals, edge of roads, various crops and orchards, tending to establish itself in agricultural crops. Asclepias syriaca owns a set of characteristics (high multiplication capacity, spreading capacity, resistance to abiotic stress factors, contains allelopathic substances) from which its competitiveness results. Its presence, more frequently, in anthropic ecosystems, including sunflower ecosystem create the basis for establishing the purpose of this study. The trials placed under laboratory conditions followed the interaction between Asclepias syriaca extracts based on leaves, stems and roots and germination, growth and early development of Helianthus annuus plants. The solvent used for extracts preparation was distilled water. As treatments we included â 9 extracts: roots (10%, 20%, 30%), steams (10%, 20%, 30%) and leaves (10%, 20%, 30%). The data obtained reveled that Asclepias syriaca extracts had an inhibitory effect on germination, growth and Helianthus annuus development. Extract based on rots of Asclepias syriaca reduced at highest the plants height, of fresh biomass and on sunflower seed germination. The seed germination (mean of nine variants) treated with extracts of Asclepias syriaca being 50% compared with control variant (86,67%). When treated with leaf aqueous extracts the sunflower plants exhibited the shortest height (2.08 – 3.65 cm), with significant differences compared to the control (7.24 cm). the plants in variants treaded with extract at 30% were the most affected, physiological processes being significant affected. The statistical data recorded enforce the understanding of yield loses from Asclepias syriaca infested crops.
more abstractAsclapias syriaca, Helianthus annuuss, germation, biomass, plant height
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DownloadBENEFITS OF CHERRIES MANUFACTURING FOR HUMAN HEALTH pag. 14-21
Ștefana BAICU 1, Roxana JIGĂU1, C. ZOICAN1, R. PAȘCALĂU1Eating cherries has many health benefits, but the importance of making cherries needs more attention. Cherries are a lively fruit that people enjoy not just for their taste but also for their many vitamins, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory substances. The process of making cherries—covering growing, picking, processing, and selling—plays a key role in making this fruit more available and accessible. By looking at the different steps in cherry production, we can see how this industry helps public health, especially with the growing interest in natural treatments and healthy eating. This essay will explore how the ways cherries are produced improve nutrition and benefit overall health, showing the many advantages that come from cherry manufacturing for people’s well-being. Cherries are important in the food business, not just as a well-liked fresh fruit but also as a key part in many processed food items. They have lots of polyphenols and antioxidants, which has caught attention for their health perks, causing a rise in consumer interest for cherry products like juices, jams, and desserts Plus, sweet cherries spoil quickly, which makes better preservation methods necessary. This highlights the need for technology that can keep them fresh longer and preserve their quality. Using second-grade cherries and stems for extracting bioactive compounds shows a smart way to cut down on waste and improve the value in cherry production, which helps both producers and consumers. Therefore, the food industry’s focus on using cherries increases their importance in promoting health and sustainability.
more abstractcherries, importance, benefits, human health, food
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DownloadIMPACT OF CHERRIES PLANTATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT pag. 22-30
Ștefana BAICU 1, Laura VORNICU1, Roxana JIGĂU1, C. ZOICAN1, R. PAȘCALĂU1In the midst of the continuing discussion regarding agricultural methodologies and their environmental ramifications, the cultivation of cherries emerges as a noteworthy case for scrutiny. This fruit, renowned for its nutritional advantages and economic significance, has attracted heightened attention within both local and global markets. Nevertheless, beneath its visually appealing surface exists a convoluted interaction of ecological effects that warrant thorough exploration. The establishment of cherry plantations can substantially modify local ecosystems, thereby impacting soil quality, biodiversity, and water resources. Furthermore, with the rising demand for cherries comes an increased necessity for sustainable practices aimed at attenuating possible detriments. This composition seeks to investigate the varied effects of cherry cultivation on the environment, shedding light on both the beneficial contributions and the detrimental impacts affiliated with this expanding agricultural domain. By engaging in a critical examination of current research and case studies, we aspire to furnish a more intricate comprehension of cherries, perceiving them not merely as commodities, but as significant actors within their ecosystems. A holistic framework that emphasises ecological equilibrium, rather than immediate financial gain, will ensure that cherry plantations serve as a beneficial force for the environment, thus establishing a basis for sustainable agricultural practices that confer advantages upon both agriculturalists and ecosystems in tandem.
more abstractimpact, cherries, environment, importance, plantation
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DownloadASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL FUTURE WATER PROBLEMS PER PEOPLE'S PERSPECTIVE pag. 31-40
K.B. BOATENG1, E.O. BERKO1, A. KHRAKOZ1, Liliana TÖRÖK1, Zs. TÖRÖK1Water management and availability are pressing global issues where impacts are seriously varied between regions, age groups, and even genders. In many parts of the world, surface waters bodies often suffer from pollution, habitat degradation and decreased flow, which further increase water scarcity and quality problems. Awareness of these aspects is a first step in changing attitude and behaviour in relation to the use and protection of aquatic resources. The main objective of this paper was to assess people's opinion on the management, availability, purity and accessibility of water globally. A total of 463 responses were collected per the timelines between the years 2022 – 2024. The high number of positive responses per the five (5) questions stated in the questionnaire form indicates that water is not available to humans in all parts of the world and therefore the need for this research. High positive answers raise the alarm of the need and urgency of water management and availability. The geographical distribution of beliefs about water in Africa, Europe, America and Asia enabled us to analyze the answers per gender and different age groups. There is a sense of hope that water scarcity issues can be solved but there must be strategic efforts made to get there. The results of this study can provide a comprehensive picture based on the individual approach to the need to conserve aquatic resources.
more abstractwater quality, water scarcity, water availability, people’s perceptions
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DownloadMODERN TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING USED IN THE GENERAL CADASTRE OF CRISENI, SATU MARE COUNTY pag. 41-51
Bianca Maria CREȚ1, L. A. MOICA2, G. POPESCU1, A. ȘMULEAC1The topographic-cadastral measurements conducted in this study focus on all field and calculation operations necessary for representing the earth's surface on a plan or map, in a specific cartographic projection and at a designated topographic scale. The general cadastre is a unified and mandatory system for technical, economic, and legal records that identifies, registers, and describes all land areas on topographic maps and cadastral plans, regardless of use or ownership, across the entire country. This article aims to illustrate and test the proposed model, evaluating the data accuracy regarding predictive measurements for topographic surveys conducted in Crișeni, UAT Cridorolț, Satu Mare County. The area was analyzed using mobile scanning with the Leica Pegasus: Backpack equipment, combined with two GNSS devices, the Leica GS 14 and the Leica GS 08 Plus. In developing the general cadastre for this administrative-territorial unit, modern technology was also employed—specifically UAV technology, which enables high-accuracy surface measurements with reduced work time. The data collected from the flight were downloaded and subsequently post-processed using specialized software: Pix4D Mapper. The results obtained are stored in digital format, and after export, are saved as .dxf files, allowing access in either digital or analog form through the AutoCAD processing program. The generated orthophotoplan is exported in .ecw file format. Using the Leica Pegasus equipment, the data are stored digitally and subsequently undergo post-processing with the Pegasus Manager software, while the point cloud processing is carried out using Cyclone software. In this case, processing resulted in the delineation of property street fronts and existing structures on the terrain. GNSS equipment was used to perform detailed topographic measurements.
more abstractTopographic Measurements, Leica Pegasus, UAV, Crișeni
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DownloadBALANCING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT pag. 52-60
Maroua DAHBI 1, Laura VORNICU1, F. GUYVENCHY1, Laura SMULEAC1, R. PASCALAU1The complex relationship that exists between economic advancement and the management of environmental resources presents a significant difficulty in the realm of current resource management methodologies. As governments increasingly place a premium on development, the ceaseless usage of natural resources frequently results in considerable harm to ecosystems. This situation generates an urgent necessity to reassess established developmental models, wherein immediate monetary benefits often take precedence over the long-term repercussions for the environment. As the visible effects of environmental crises escalate, there is a pressing need for debate concerning the alignment of economic goals with ecological obligations. In addressing this intricate situation, those in positions of policy leadership are necessitated to investigate inventive tactics that may assist in achieving a sustainable equilibrium. The adoption of sustainable development principles signifies the importance of ensuring that the utilisation of resources caters to contemporary demands without jeopardising the capacity of forthcoming generations to meet their own needs. This concurrent emphasis on both economic sturdiness and environmental conservation impels a fundamental transformation in resource management approaches, necessitating a reassessment of pivotal economic metrics to encompass ecological well-being and sustainability. In the end, the quest for a mutually beneficial relationship between economic growth and environmental guardianship holds potential not solely for enhancing the quality of life but also for maintaining global ecological balance. A holistic strategy to resource management advocates for the awareness that economic dynamism and ecological sustainability are not in opposition but are, in fact, interconnected. Through synergistic initiatives and inventive structures, it remains possible to foster a peaceful existence that nurtures both human flourishing and the safeguarding of the planet’s invaluable ecosystems, thereby ensuring a sustainable future for all.
more abstractenvironmental resources, economic development, environmental protection, sustainable management
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DownloadCLIMATE CHANGES AFFECTING ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURE IN THE AREA OF DUSHANBE pag. 61-67
M. DAVLATOV1, R. PASCALAU1, Laura SMULEAC1, R. JURAKHONZODA2Climate change is a big problem that countries all over the world face, affecting both nature and farming. In Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, changing weather patterns highlight the urgent need for detailed study. The area's physical features, such as its hilly landscape and susceptibility to changing weather, worsen problems in farming. Thus, the link between climate change and agricultural success needs careful examination to understand how higher temperatures, changes in rainfall, and severe weather are impacting local farms and food availability. This initial look shows how crucial it is to grasp these issues, as they not only create serious challenges for farming output but also endanger farmers' incomes and the economic health of the community in Dushanbe. The current research focused on the specific impacts and adaptive measures needed to address these urgent concerns. The research shows that climate change affects agriculture in the Dushanbe area in many ways, with impacts on crop yields and seasonal trends. Important findings show a notable increase in average temperatures, along with erratic rainfall patterns, which worsen soil deterioration and lower crop output. In response to these findings, policymakers need to focus on creating adaptive farming methods and investing in sustainable technologies. A focused policy approach that includes local knowledge and engages stakeholders at all levels is necessary for ensuring long-term sustainability in the region’s farming sector.
more abstractclimate change, sustainable agriculture, temperature, rainfall, crop output
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DownloadIMPORTANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN TAJIKISTAN pag. 68-73
M. DAVLATOV1, R. PASCALAU1, Laura SMULEAC1, R. JURAKHONZODA2Sustainable management of natural resources will ensure that future generations have a suitable environment for the development of humanity. The planet can survive without humans, but humanity cannot survive if we destroy the environment. Most people hope that our generation will not witness human-caused climate change. Unfortunately, this is already evident. However, it is believed that it is not too late to improve the situation, both for us and for future generations and for plant and animal species. This study focused on the natural resources and environment of Tajikistan, a country in Central Asia, which is unique in terms of biodiversity, water and mineral resources. Tajikistan's unique geography greatly impacts its natural resources, especially minerals and agricultural output. The elevation and specific climate conditions help support a variety of farming activities, such as growing cotton, fruits, and vegetables, which are key to the economy. The mining industry, rich in minerals like aluminium, lithium, and gold, is also crucial for the economy; however, it carries environmental risks, such as soil and water pollution. Protecting the natural resources of Tajikistan is very important, not just for the environment but also for the economic health of its people. Sustainable management of natural resources and environmental protection are key to maintaining ecological health and economic security for future generations in Tajikistan.
more abstractnatural resources, environment, climate change, footprint, sustainable management, economic security
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DownloadSOIL RESOURCES AND THEIR FAVORABILITY FOR THE MAIN AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN THE SPACE BETWEEN CRIȘU ALB AND MUREŞ pag. 74-84
D. D. DICU, D. ŢĂRĂU, R. BERTICI, M. V. HERBEI, Adina HORABLAGA, C.A. POPESCU, L. O. DRAGOMIRThe purpose of the undertaken research finds its origin in the current scientific and practical concerns regarding the accumulation of knowledge about the characteristics of the edaphic cover and its structure, in order to establish favorability for the main agricultural crops and for the choice of sustainable management systems of soil and land resources. The problem addressed refers to an area of 220351 ha, (of which 190281 ha (86.35%) are agricultural land and 8323 ha (3.78%) of forests, located in the plain between Crisu Alb and Mureş, the space taken into account and the zonal peculiarities of it determining a great diversity of ecological conditions, generated by the variability of the factors that compete to create the environment in which plants grow and give crops. The work provides basic knowledge and methodological elements for the evaluation and characterization of soil and land resources, in the hope that the information presented will arouse the interest of the decision-maker so that in the near future, the agricultural research and practice, together with the protection of the environment, will make efforts for the development of interdisciplinary studies. The determination of the production capacity of the lands as well as the substantiation of the technologies for their improvement can constitute for the decision-maker (Government, local public administration) an effective tool for the choice of working procedures that favor an efficient use of the land resources within the space researched in accordance with the specific pedoclimatic conditions.
more abstractland, soil, resources, favorability, agriculture
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DownloadTHE SOIL COVERING OUTSIDE THE BUILT-UP AREA OF ZĂBRANI COMMUNE, ARAD COUNTY pag. 85-91
Delia Sorina DRĂGOI, B. COZMA, R. SOROHAN, Casiana MIHUȚ, Anișoara DUMA-COPCEAThe work aims to present the soil covering outside the built-up area of Zăbrani commune. The studies were carried out over a period of 3 years, respectively the years 2021-2023. The commune of Zăbrani, in Arad County, occupies a total area of 11,778 ha. The soil cover is mostly represented by eutricambosols, luvosols and preluvosols. The largest area is represented by preluvosoil with over 74%, followed by luvosoil. Following the results obtained, it was found that the preluvosoil has a medium fertility, being characterized by the following properties: a fine texture, undifferentiated on the profile, the density has values between 2.67-2.72 g/m3; the apparent density, between 1.36 and 1.52 g/cm³, the total porosity has high values, of 50% and 43% at the level of the Bt layer, CC is between 23.72 and 24.74% and CT between 28.34 and 36.76. The soil has a husum content of 2.33% at the depth of 0-22 cm and decreases to 1.53% at greater depths. The nitrogen index is 2.15% at ad. 0-22 cm (mean values), the mobile K index between 207.5 ppm in the Ap horizon and 182.6 ppm in the Btyw horizon and the mobile P index is high, with values between 63.3 ppm and 117.3 ppm. Luvosoil is characterized by the following properties: the texture presents accentuated differentiations from one horizon to another, from clay-dust in El, medium in Bty and clay-clay in the rest, the reaction is weakly acidic on the surface, neutral in Bt and weakly alkaline in Cyw (5.29-8.09), the humus content is low and very low, 1.61 in El, respectively 0.72 in Bty and the degree of saturation in bases above 77%. Knowing these properties helps us to characterize the soils in general, to establish the crops that are suitable and to take improvement measures, where necessary.
more abstractsoil cover, fertility, soil properties, Arad, Chesinț
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DownloadINFLUENCE OF PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON AUTUMN CROP YIELDS pag. 92-97
Delia Sorina DRĂGOI, B. COZMA, Casiana MIHUȚ, Antoanela COZMA, A. OKROS 1The paper presents the pedoclimatic conditions specific to a plateau area (Lipova Plateau) and their influence on the productions of three autumn crops, namely wheat, barley and triticale. This is a case study carried out over a period of three years in the area of Chesinț locality in Arad County. The paper addresses a topical issue, the recent climate changes (through the increase in temperatures, lack of rainfall, increased evapotranspiration, etc.), are increasingly leaving their mark both on the evolution of soils and especially on the growth and development of plants. The studied area is located at the intersection of the Arad-Lipova and Timisoara – Lipova county roads, on the border with Timiș County. A part of the territory of the locality is part of the Mureş river basin. In the period studied (2021, 2022 and 2023), the yields obtained varied from year to year for the three crops, the average yields obtained being 4100 kg/ha for winter wheat; 5200 kg/ha, for triticale and 3400 kg/ha for barley. The lowest productions were obtained in 2021 and the highest in 2023. This was largely due to a poor rainfall regime, especially during the period of grain formation and filling. Among the cultivated species, the largest differences were found in the barley crop. In conclusion, climate change is becoming more and more evident, the lack of snow, the increasingly high temperatures in winter, determine the taking of measures, such as: sowing to take place later (October 10-20), cultivation of varieties resistant to drought, diseases and pests, avoiding monoculture and introducing legumes into rotation.
more abstractpedoclimatic conditions, straw cereals, productions, Chesinț
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DownloadBIODIVERSITY AND WATER SECURITY: INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT pag. 98-106
F. GUYVENCHY1, Maroua DAHBI1, Laura VORNICU1, Laura SMULEAC1, R. PASCALAU1The goal of this paper is to explore and advance the concept of Integrated Ecosystem Management (IEM) as a holistic approach to ecosystem conservation and resource management. IEM aims to address complex environmental challenges by integrating ecological, social, and economic factors in a unified management framework. Current state-of-the-art practices in IEM often rely on multidisciplinary approaches that combine ecological science with policy and stakeholder engagement. Despite its widespread application, challenges persist in achieving effective integration due to varying spatial, temporal, and governance scales. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of IEM case studies across diverse ecosystems, utilizing a combination of qualitative interviews with stakeholders, field data collection, and modeling techniques. The study emphasizes participatory processes, adaptive management strategies, and the incorporation of indigenous knowledge. The degree of novelty in this research lies in its focus on bridging the gap between ecological modeling and real-world socio-economic contexts, addressing the gap in literature regarding the scalability of IEM frameworks across different regions and ecosystems. Preliminary results indicate that successful IEM outcomes are closely tied to the robustness of governance structures, stakeholder collaboration, and the ability to adapt management strategies to evolving environmental conditions. However, the study also highlights significant limitations, including data gaps, the difficulty of integrating multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests, and challenges in monitoring and assessing long-term outcomes. The implications of this research are critical for informing policy and enhancing the efficacy of IEM frameworks. By presenting novel insights into the practical application of IEM, the article contributes to the refinement of strategies that can more effectively address global environmental challenges. Its originality lies in integrating socio-ecological systems thinking with empirical case studies to provide actionable recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.
more abstractwater management, biodiversity, ecosystem, ecological management, integrated, environmental, governance, framework
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DownloadCOMPETENCES FROM A NATIONAL CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVE - CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS pag. 107-111
Codruța GAVRILĂ1, Viorica BOACĂ1Skills are a key determinant of competitiveness and innovativeness and are an absolute necessity for social cohesion and personal well-being, according to the European Commission. Due to continuous technological change and rapid economic restructuring, people need to engage in lifelong continuous learning. EU Member States, in line with European Commission and national priorities, are carrying out reforms aimed at improving education systems to provide high quality competence-based education. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the knowledge of the competences foreseen in the specialized curriculum by the students who follow the initial level of psycho-pedagogical training of the University of Life Sciences "Mihai I" from Timisoara, Romania. The study emphasizes the need for optimal design of instructional-educational activities based on appropriate teaching strategies. The results presented in the paper were obtained following the activities carried out within the Didactics of Specialization, in which students of the Faculty of Agricultural Management, Faculty of Food Processing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine participated. The ability to develop competences depends on the use of technology and educational resources, facilitating a process of education that leads to performance. Competence thus becomes a significant stake for everyone, regardless of the specific nature of the organization.
more abstractcompetence, competency, knowledge, skills, learning situations, didactic strategies, lifelong learning
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DownloadRESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SORGHUM BICOLOR HYBRIDS UNDER THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL MOLDAVIAN PLATEAU pag. 112-117
Roxana-Elena GHERASIM, F. DIACONU, Gabriela IGNAT, T. ROBUSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a cultivated plant originating from Africa. It’s presence in the Romanian area has become increasingly prominent in recent years, a fact caused by climate changes affecting several crop species, including corn. Among the advantages of sorghum cultivation are its resistance to extreme conditions, particularly drought and heat, as it is primarily grown in the arid regions of Africa. Additionally, its low fertilization requirements provide a greater economic yield compared to other crops. The purpose of this study was to observe the behavior of sorghum in order to establish which hybrids exhibit the best viability and performance under the pedo-climatic conditions of Neamt County. The experiment began in 2023 at the S.C.D.A. Secuieni, where observations were made on 6 hybrids of grain sorghum. The observations conducted during the growing season included seedling density, flowering date, plant height assessment, number of panicles, and number of tillers. The applied technology was minimal, including scarification, sowing, pesticide application, and harvesting. From the analysis of the obtained results, it is evident that under the pedo-climatic conditions of Neam County, in the year 2023, the hybrids that achieved the highest productionț per hectare, as well as the highest quantities of protein and starch, are in the following order: ADV – SG 2, ADV – SG 7, and ADV – SG 6.
more abstractsorghum, hybrids, soil, Moldavia
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DownloadESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR LAVENDER: COMPARING TRADITIONAL AND MODERN METHODS pag. 118-123
Roxana JIGAU1, G. MORAR1 , Laura VORNICU1 , Diana OBISTOIU1 , R. PASCALAU1The complex link between how lavender smells and how it is extracted is important for understanding both old and new ways of making essential oil. Lavender oil has typically been made using steam distillation and solvent extraction, methods that have been around for many years. These techniques show the cultural background of lavender farming and the slow changes in extraction methods due to new technology and growing scientific knowledge. On the other hand, modern methods like cold pressing and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction provide better efficiency and yield while keeping the oil's chemical makeup unchanged. Looking at these different methods reveals the problems and advantages of each, placing this study at the crossroads of tradition and new ideas. In the end, this comparison will clarify how extraction methods affect quality, sustainability, and the economic success of lavender oil production. Lavender is more than just a plant; it is important for aromatherapy due to its various health benefits. Well-known for its various uses, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is important to both the medicine and beauty industries. Its essential oil, full of components like linalool and linalyl acetate, is known for its healing benefits, such as reducing anxiety and fighting germs, which research has shown supports the use of essential oils as natural treatments (Bonaccorso et al.). Lavender has a long history, going back to ancient societies where it was used for health and as a scent. This plant remains important in modern aromatherapy, where it is used to help with mental and emotional health. Additionally, the ways lavender oil is extracted are very important for keeping its helpful qualities, leading to a complex mixture that can differ greatly between old and new methods. Therefore, knowing the importance of lavender is key to improving the extraction methods that maximise its healing benefits.
more abstractlavender, essential oil, importance, extraction, environment
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DownloadGROWING LAVENDER IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES: BEST PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE pag. 124-132
Roxana JIGĂU1, 1 Ștefana BAICU (ZOICAN), Laura VORNICU1, Diana OBIȘTOIU1, R. PAȘCALĂU1The cultivation of lavender has garnered increasing interest among sustainable agriculture practitioners due to its potential economic benefits and ecological resilience. However, successful growth in various climates requires an understanding of the plants specific needs, as lavender thrives in well-drained soils and full sun exposure. This introduction aims to explore the best practices for growing lavender across different climatic conditions while highlighting the associated challenges. In particular, the impact of local weather patterns, soil characteristics, and water availability must be critically assessed to determine which varieties are most suitable for each environment. For instance, the 39th Sustainable Agriculture Conference, as depicted in , serves as an important platform for sharing innovative methods and strategies that farmers can adopt to navigate the complexities of cultivating lavender sustainably. By leveraging community engagement and scientific research, practitioners can optimise lavender production while addressing climatic challenges. Characterised by its hardiness and minimal resource requirements, lavender emerges as a robust candidate for sustainable agriculture. This aromatic perennial thrives in a range of climates, particularly in Mediterranean regions, where well-drained soils and full sun are optimal. Lavender’s low water needs and resistance to pests diminish reliance on chemical interventions, supporting environmentally friendly cultivation practices. The plants deep-rooted nature aids in soil conservation and reduces erosion, further enhancing its sustainability credentials. Notably, its cultivation can be synergistic with other crops, fostering biodiversity and creating resilient agroecosystems.
more abstractlavender, challenges, practices, climate, sustainable agriculture
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DownloadMEALYBUGS (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) – MAJOR PESTS OF INDOOR BELGIAN MUMS pag. 133-141
L. JULEAN1, Flori Alina BUZDUGEAN1, Ionela Diana JIOGOLEA2 Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU3*, Ioana GROZEA3The citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most economically important pests of indoor plants worldwide. Due to the optimal conditions for mealybugs in greenhouses, they can overwinter at all stages of development, causing particular problems for growers. The attack of Planococcus citri affects the quality of Belgian mums through sap extraction and contamination with honeydew secretions. Feeding by citrus mealybug results in wilted, distorted and yellowed chlorotic leaves, premature leaf drop, stunted growth and, occasionally, death of the infested plants or parts of plants. In this context, the suitability of the Belgian mum as a host for the citrus mealy bug was investigated in this study. At Sânmihaiul Român (Timiș County, Romania), between September and October 2024, the abundance and damage levels, as well as some morphological characteristics (original images are shown) of this pest species were recorded. A magnifying lens was used to examine infested plants in the greenhouse. Infested branches, leaves and flowers were collected from the Belgian mums over a period of 45 days in the autumn months of the years 2024. For further examination in the laboratory, the samples were placed separately in paper bags. The taxa were then identified according to the methods described in the literature, by examination of the adult citrus mealybug. Mealybug populations per leaf were lower at the beginning of the trial (first ten days of September) than during the rest of the trial. There was a gradual increase in the mealybug population, which peaked in the second decade of September and continued into October in the first decade. The moderately hot and humid climate in the greenhouse during the collecting period was favourable for the pest to develop.
more abstractmealybugs, Planococcus citri, Belgian mums, attack, greenhouse
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DownloadEFFECT OF INCREASING PLANT POPULATION DENSITY ON THE YIELD PARAMETERS AND PROFITABILITY OF SWEETCORN pag. 142-150
P. KRIZSÁN1, B. NAGYPÁL2, Z. FUTÓ3In the case of sweet corn grown for the canning industry, the most important aspect for the producers is to produce the raw material that best meets the canning industry's expectations, in addition to the highest yield possible in this form. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the highest possible number of plants that does not yet have a negative effect in terms of the size of the cobs and the quantity of shelled grains. Currently, the most commonly used number of sweet corn plants by farmers producing for the canning industry is 65 thousand plants/hectare, which can certainly meet the expectations of the canning industry. Therefore, in our research, we examined the highest possible number of plants for a newly marketed sweet corn hybrid, which does not yet have a negative effect on the harvested cob yield, the size of the cobs, and the quantity of shelled grains, but increasing the number of plants is still profitable. In the experiment, we examined the same sweet corn hybrid in a total of 6 different populations in 4 repetitions in Szarvas, in 2023. The populations applied were as follows: 56; 58; 62.5; 65; 71 and 75 thousand plants/hectare. During the experiment, we examined the weight of the harvested cob yield and shelled grains, as well as the length of the cobs. In addition, the experiment also extended to the profitability of the populations. The experiment pointed out that increasing the number of plants per hectare of the examined sweet corn hybrid is worthwhile in terms of increasing the quantity of cob yield and shelled grain yield. However, above 65 thousand plants per hectare, the length of the cobs showed a minimally decreasing tendency, but even so, it still met the needs of the processing industry.
more abstractsweetcorn, plant population, cob yield, shelled grain yield, canning industry
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DownloadMODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN CADASTRE: A REVIEW OF UAV AND GIS APPLICATIONS pag. 151-160
C. A. MINEA1, S. KIAJI1, Maroua DAHBI1, A. ȘMULEAC1, R. PASCALAU1The use of new technologies in cadastre work has changed old land management systems, making data gathering and handling more correct and efficient. Among these technologies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are important for solving tough problems with land surveying and mapping. UAVs give high-quality aerial pictures and can quickly collect data over large spaces, while GIS has strong tools for viewing and understanding spatial data. This mix not only makes cadastre tasks more precise but also helps in making better decisions in city planning, environmental checks, and managing resources. In addition, the cooperation of UAV and GIS technology opens doors to new uses in different areas, as shown by their vital part in good land management plans. To show these ideas, the diagram included demonstrates how GIS applications can cover different management areas, underlining the importance of modern technologies in current cadastre work. A good understanding of cadastre is important for good land management and administration today. The cadastre is a detailed record of land and property rights, including information on who owns land, where the boundaries are, and the value of land parcels. This makes it an important tool for governance, urban planning, and managing resources. A well-kept cadastre is important because it provides legal security for land ownership, aids in efficient tax collection, and helps resolve disputes regarding who owns land. New technologies like UAVs and GIS have changed how cadastral data is gathered, analysed, and managed, improving the accuracy and ease of access to this important information.
more abstractcadastre, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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DownloadEVALUATING PRECISION IN LAND SURVEYING: TECHNIQUES AND BEST PRACTICES pag. 161-170
C. A. MINEA1, F. GUYVENCHY1, S. KIAJI1, A. ȘMULEAC1, R. PASCALAU1Land surveying is very important in many areas like building, town planning, and managing natural resources, where exact measurements matter a lot for good decisions. This introduction will look at basic ideas about precision in land surveying and explain why it is important to use strong techniques and best practices. Understanding this topic well not only helps improve measurement accuracy but also reduces possible mistakes that can happen from poor methods. Thus, carefully assessing modern surveying methods is necessary to find effective ways that ensure top precision levels. By including relevant examples and case studies, this essay aims to offer a clear framework for those working in the field. To back this discussion, the ADDIE model offers a structure that helps with a methodical approach to improving the practices used in land surveying, which helps promote more accuracy and reliability in the results obtained. In land exploration and management, land surveying means measuring and mapping land and what is below the surface to set property limits and help with land use. It uses various methods to find where points are on the Earth's surface, often using advanced tools like GPS and laser scanning. Getting these measurements right is very important because they affect decisions about city planning, building, and protecting the environment. Additionally, land surveying is key in legal matters, as marking property edges helps avoid conflicts and clarifies ownership. Knowing efficient surveying techniques, as shown in the model in [citeX], is important because it shows the best ways to improve accuracy and efficiency in the field, encouraging sustainable development and better land use choices.
more abstractLand surveying, ADDIE, Earth's surface, Technology on Precision
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DownloadCOMMON BEANS – CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE pag. 171-179
Cristina Liliana MITROI1The common bean with the scientific name Phaseolus vulgaris L is a herbaceous plant that is part of the Fabaceae family. Phaseolus vulgaris L is one of the most well-known and consumed legumes in the world. Beans are excellent sources of protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber and omega fatty acids. Following a study conducted by a group of researchers, 16 amino acids were identified by HPLC analysis, namely: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine and lysine. Due to its composition in macro and micronutrients, the nutritional profile is impressive and extremely valuable. Different types of beans are grown worldwide, being consumed mainly in poor countries and playing an important role in the diet. The protein content is 2-3 times higher than in cereals.. Beans also contain thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid and have a low fat content. Among the most important minerals found in beans we can list: manganese, iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus and potassium, while other minerals are found in smaller percentage. Beans are one of the most widely grown legumes worldwide, being an important source of food especially in poor countries. Phaseolus vulgaris L, chemical composition, fatty acids, nutritional value.
more abstractPhaseolus vulgaris L, chemical composition, fatty acids, nutritional value
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DownloadMODERN AGRICULTURE TENDENCIES IN RURAL AREAS pag. 180-191
G. MORAR1, Ana Maria CANTEA (ANDO) 1, Roxana JIGAU1, A. ȘMULEAC1, R. PASCALAU1In the past few years, there has been a significant alteration in the agricultural methodologies observed in rural locales, necessitating a reassessment of long-standing practices. The convergence of technological advancements and novel farming techniques has surfaced as a countermeasure to the difficulties engendered by climate change, increasing population numbers, and economic tensions. Grasping these developments is essential, as they not only signify the transformation of farming methods but also exert influence over the socioeconomic structures within rural societies. As contemporary agricultural efforts progress, they are instrumental in reshaping the rural terrain, impacting both local economies and more extensive environmental consequences. Therefore, this essay aims to investigate current trends in rural agriculture, scrutinising their ramifications for sustainability and the resilience of communities. By probing into the subtleties of these practices, an extensive overview will be elucidated, underscoring the interrelation of agricultural innovation and the advancement of rural areas, ultimately cultivating a richer understanding of the intricate nature of the agricultural landscape in modern times. In current discussions, the realm of agriculture is no longer confined to merely traditional methods, but has transformed into a multifaceted system that is marked by advancements in technology, sustainability considerations, and economic soundness. The landscape of modern agriculture covers a wide array of tasks, incorporating sophisticated approaches like precision farming, which makes use of data analysis as well as digital instruments to enhance production processes. This transition towards a post-industrial paradigm is vital in confronting the socio-economic issues that permeate rural regions, areas that have, traditionally, seen a scarcity of job prospects. In conclusion, the concept of contemporary agriculture is closely linked to the fortitude and flexibility of communities located in rural landscapes.
more abstractfarming techniques, rural terrain, landscape, modern agriculture
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DownloadSOIL HEALTH AND REGENERATION: BUILDING RESILIENT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS pag. 192-202
G. MORAR1, Ana Maria CANTEA (ANDO) 1, Roxana JIGAU 1, A. ȘMULEAC1, R. PASCALAU1Agricultural systems have historically played a pivotal role in advancing food security, yet the sustainability of such systems now contends with unprecedented obstacles, including climate change, soil degradation, and a decline in biodiversity. In light of these urgent challenges, the notion of soil health has surfaced as an essential link between ecological soundness and agricultural output. This preliminary discourse intends to clarify the varied aspects of soil health, investigating its importance not solely in boosting crop production but also in reinstating ecological equilibrium. By promoting regenerative methodologies—like crop rotation, cover cropping, and the integration of organic supplements—various stakeholders may foster a mutually beneficial relationship between soil vitality and agricultural durability. Acknowledging soil as a dynamic ecosystem filled with diverse organisms accentuates the necessity of caring for this natural asset; consequently, soil health is poised as a crucial foundation in the pursuit of agricultural systems that are sustainable and capable of enduring environmental disturbances while satisfying future food needs. Soil health encapsulates the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil which allow it to function adequately as a crucial element of ecosystems, facilitating plant development and maintaining agricultural yield. There is an increasing acknowledgement that soils which are deemed healthy play an essential role not merely in crop production but also in bolstering ecological resilience whilst alleviating the repercussions of climate change.
more abstractAgricultural systems, soil degradation, crop production, ecosystem, soil health
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DownloadTHE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ZAMBIA’S MODERN AGRICULTURE pag. 203-212
Chisanga MWELWA 1, Laura SMULEAC 1, R. PASCALAU1In accordance with current agricultural methodologies in Zambia, the involvement of women has become markedly salient and crucial. Over a span of years, female individuals have shifted away from conventional duties to become indispensable figures within the agricultural domain, partaking not solely in subsistence cultivation but furthermore in commercial pursuits that propel economic advancement. This notable transformation can be credited to a multitude of factors, encompassing governmental regulations geared towards promoting gender parity, enhancement of educational opportunities, and a rise in engagement within agricultural collectives. Moreover, as women occupy leadership positions in these collectives, they are not merely empowered, but also play a significant role in nurturing sustainable agricultural frameworks and bolstering food stability in their localities. The complex interaction between the roles of women and the productivity of agriculture in Zambia provides notable understandings of socio-economic dynamics as well as cultural views. The data imply that enhancing women's access to resources and platforms for decision-making could remarkably increase agricultural productivity and enhance livelihood results, ultimately contesting the existing patriarchal constructs within the agricultural system of Zambia. Hence, the transforming function of women in this sphere mirrors wider socio-economic changes and underscores the imperative for inclusive strategies that duly acknowledge their essential contributions, which ultimately act as a driving force for development within Zambia's agricultural realm.
more abstractmodern agriculture, women involvement, food stability, inclusive strategy and policies, gender equity, sustainability
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DownloadMODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE IN RURAL AREAS pag. 213-221
A. OACHIȘ1, Laura ȘMULEAC, R. PAȘCALĂU1The interplay between technology and sustainable practices has surfaced as a significant topic in the current discussions surrounding aquaculture. Rural regions, struggling with issues pertaining to food security and economic sustainability, face an opportunity of unique proportions through the advent of advanced technologies that promise to boost aquaculture output and sustainability levels. Developments such as automated feeding mechanisms, sensors monitoring water quality, and analytic data tools allow for detailed management of aquaculture conditions, leading to a substantial improvement in resource utilisation while concurrently decreasing environmental repercussions. Moreover, these technological advancements assist smallholder farmers in embracing more robust practices, consequently enabling community upliftment and fostering socio-economic progress. Through the utilisation of advanced technological resources, rural aquaculture stands poised to evolve from conventional, resource-heavy practices towards more effective and sustainable methods that protect ecosystem integrity and enhance yield outcomes. This transformation holds particular importance given the challenges posed by climate change, which calls for adaptable management strategies in response to varying environmental circumstances. Therefore, it becomes crucial to comprehend how modern technologies can be incorporated to facilitate a sustainable future for aquaculture. In exploring the potential of these innovations, this essay intends to investigate particular technologies that are revolutionising aquaculture methodologies within rural contexts. The focus will lie on their sustainability implications and the empowerment of communities, using case studies that illustrate instances of successful technology implementation. Ultimately, this analysis aspires to highlight the importance of marrying modern technologies with traditional practices, providing a strong case for the essential role these advancements play in attaining sustainable aquaculture within rural areas.
more abstractaquaculture, sustainability, modern technologies, rural areas, water
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DownloadTHE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON AQUACULTURE AREAS pag. 222-230
A. OACHIȘ1, Laura ȘMULEAC, R. PAȘCALĂU1The relationship that exists in a complex manner between climate change and global practices of aquaculture merits a thorough investigation of how these two aspects are interlinked. With the escalation of sea temperatures, issues related to ocean acidification and shifts in precipitation patterns increasingly pose threats to ecosystems aquatic in nature, thus rendering the sustainability of aquaculture—the practice of cultivating organisms from aquatic environments—rather uncertain. This introductory section shall delineate the breadth of the research, bringing to light the susceptibilities of regions engaged in aquaculture that depend significantly on stable environmental conditions, which in turn calls for management strategies that are adaptive in nature. Moreover, it is of paramount importance to acknowledge that the repercussions of these shifts in climate extend further than just immediate ecological consequences, as they also affect socio-economic factors, including food security, livelihoods, and the economies of local areas. Through the provision of a critical analysis rooted in the existing body of literature alongside empirical data, this essay sets out to clarify the myriad consequences that climate change imposes upon aquaculture regions, thereby promoting an enhanced comprehension of the pressing necessity for innovative responses within this vital sector. The occurrence of climate change is not limited to simply alterations in temperature patterns; rather, it engenders significant transformations in both global ecological systems and socio-economic frameworks. The ascent of sea levels, which can be ascribed to the melting of polar ice caps and the expansion of water due to heat, poses a risk to coastal populations and disturbs aquatic ecosystems. This disruption threatens the viability of aquaculture, an industry that significantly depends on stable salinity and the availability of freshwater resources.
more abstractaquaculture, climate changes, impact, water, areas
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DownloadTHE IMPACT OF MODERN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON CORN CROP, WITHIN A FARM LOCATED IN GIURGIU COUNTY pag. 231-236
Ligia Lavinia OLARIU1, Denisa Maria AIOANEI1, Anișoara Aurelia IENCIU1, D. N. MANEA1This study aims to analyze the maize crop in Giurgiu County, focusing on the assessment of climatic conditions and the water requirement for this crop. The study is carried out within the Agro Mares SRL farm, a reference agricultural unit in Giurgiu, which has implemented modern irrigation systems to face climate challenges. The analysis is based on climatic and agronomic data collected during 2021-2023, using calculation methods such as Thornthwaite and Lowry-Johnson to determine evapotranspiration and water consumption. Through this approach, the paper provides a detailed perspective on the impact of climate variability on the corn crop and the efficiency of the irrigation systems implemented. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of climatic conditions and efficient management of water resources, highlighting the need to adopt advanced technologies and sustainable agricultural practices. The implementation of pivot irrigation systems, controlled remotely via GPS and the Internet, has proven to be an effective solution for optimizing water consumption and ensuring high productions under conditions of climatic variability. The adaptation of agricultural strategies to the new climatic realities and the implementation of effective technological solutions are essential to ensure the sustainability and profitability of modern agriculture. The irrigation systems implemented at the Agro Mares SRL ensured an adequate coverage of the water requirement, contributing to the maintenance of optimal yields even in conditions of pluviometric deficit.
more abstractmaize, irrigation, water consumption, sustainability, modern agriculture
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DownloadINTEGRATING AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND MODERN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION IN LIFE SCIENCES UNIVERSITIES pag. 237-244
R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, Speranța MILANCOVIC2, Laura STIEGELBAUER2, Alina PĂDUREAN3, G. BĂRBULEȚ4Within the continually shifting scope of higher education, the confluence of agricultural education and modern language teaching arises as a significant subject meriting investigation. As the phenomenon of globalisation becomes more pronounced, universities that focus on life sciences find themselves required to prepare students with not just specialized knowledge but also with communication abilities that surpass linguistic constraints. This complex educational methodology promotes the amalgamation of varied agricultural techniques alongside intercultural dialogue, thereby cultivating a more comprehensive comprehension of agricultural challenges. The imperative for such an integrative model is highlighted by the escalating interconnectedness of global food systems and the demand for professionals who are adept in negotiating both scientific inquiries and language-related obstacles. In this regard, the following analysis seeks to clarify the interrelations between agricultural education and language teaching, championing for a curriculum that adequately addresses the requisites of the agricultural industry alongside the linguistic proficiencies essential in a world that is increasingly interconnected. The trajectory of agricultural education amidst the realm of life sciences has been marked by a transition towards the integration of interdisciplinary methodologies, which thereby reflect the multifaceted realities that characterize modern agriculture. Present-day curricula not solely underscore traditional disciplines such as agronomy and horticulture but also incorporate essential elements like sustainable methodologies, biotechnology, and environmental stewardship. This more expansive viewpoint seeks to furnish students with the necessary competencies to confront global food security dilemmas whilst advocating for environmentally sustainable practices that alleviate ecological repercussions. Moreover, the assimilation of technological advancements and data analysis techniques into agricultural educational frameworks has proven to be crucial, thereby allowing students to partake in precision agriculture and avant-garde resource management strategies that aim to enhance productivity.
more abstractmodern languages, agriculture, education, instruction, life sciences
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DownloadMULTILINGUALISM AND AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION: LANGUAGE-BASED APPROACHES IN TRAINING PROGRAMS pag. 245-254
R. PAȘCALĂU1, Laura ȘMULEAC1, M. BAKHLI2, R. JURAKHONZODA3In a world that is becoming more interconnected, the capacity to communicate across a range of different languages holds significant importance, especially in fields like agriculture, where new ideas can greatly improve both productivity and sustainability. The convergence of many languages and agricultural innovation has received notable focus, indicating that approaches which are based on language might play crucial roles in the crafting and spread of training programmes. By making use of the diverse array of languages spoken among agricultural communities, these programmes can be specifically designed to address the unique cultural and contextual needs of distinct groups. Moreover, encouraging multilingual skills among those working in agriculture not only enhances individual capabilities but also contributes to collective empowerment, ensuring that innovations in agricultural practices and technologies are both accessible and understandable for all parties involved. Therefore, the integration of language diversity into training practices is essential for improving knowledge sharing and encouraging inclusive involvement in agricultural advancement productivity. In a world where agriculture is progressively globalised, the phenomenon of multilingualism becomes a critical element regarding innovation and the transfer of knowledge. It involves not just the capability to converse in various languages, but also the intricate cultural and contextual subtleties that are inherent within those languages, which subsequently shape agricultural methodologies and educational frameworks. This diversity in language is significant in training initiatives, especially aimed at smallholder farmers, as it enables a more inclusive spread of sustainable farming methods.
more abstractmultilingualism, innovation, language, training, students, approaches, agriculture
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DownloadEVALUATION OF THE MAIN PRODUCTION ELEMENTS OF THE VARIETY OF INDUSTRIAL HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L. VAR. SATIVA) JUBILEU, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SUCEVAVA PLATEAU pag. 255-262
L. PINTRIJEL1, I. PUIU2* T. ROBU2One of the strategies for carbon sequestration aims, in various forms, to encourage agricultural practices that help to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and fix it in the soil or biomass in a sustainable way. Among the alternatives, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa) emerges as a key crop in supporting humanity's journey towards sustainability. A highly versatile plant, industrial hemp has numerous uses in the textile, food, pharmaceutical and energy industries, soil decontamination or erosion control, etc. The research involved three factors (row spacing, intervention method and foliar fertilization). The experiment was laid out according to the current rules of experimental technique, in the form of randomized blocks. Data were processed by the method of limiting differences (LSD). Among the parameters analysed were plant height, number of branches, seed weight per plant, TGM, vegetable oil content and yield, and finally an economic efficiency of the applied methods was performed. During the two years of the observations, the largest height was found to be 253.85 cm, with a maximum number of branches of 57.50±4.95 and a maximum amount of 125.85±59 g seeds per plant. The maximum TGM was 22.5 g, the vegetable oil content was 293.0 *** mL/kg, and the seed yield was 1569.3 *** kg/ha in 2019. The highest gross profit was obtained in 2018 and was 3558.46 lei.
more abstractCannabis sativa L. var. sativa, foliar fertilization, TGM, vegetable oil
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DownloadELABORATION OF THE CADASTRAL PLAN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BY THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE POINTS IN PLAN AND SPACE pag. 263-269
Victoria TABUNȘCIC (VEREBCEAN)1, Peiscille Raphaela YAMODO KOLINGA1 ,Roxana Claudia HERBEI1The cadaster has meant over time the human activity of inventorying land resources. Following the work, we have mastered the main peculiarities of the cadaster in the Republic of Moldova, penetrating even the smallest details. Having as purpose, since ancient times, the computerization of society, the cadaster, as field of activity, as process and as science, persists in the deepest aspects of the economy. At present, it is difficult to imagine economic relations isolated from the cadaster. Being an information system, the cadaster is the mirror of economic relations. Through a developed information system of the more operational cadaster, negative economic influences will be detected and protective measures will be taken. From what is known in this paper, I can note that an information system of the modern cadaster can only be created on the basis of proper science and practice. Like any structure, regardless of the field, the cadaster structure in Moldova, objectively, is in permanent development. The changes that take place are aimed at improving the quality of services, the quality of information, the methods applied. The method of linear intersections provides for the determination of the location of a point of the terrain (detail of the plane) knowing the length to two lines.
more abstractcadaster, object, real estate, method, plan
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DownloadSEQUESTRATION AND CARBON CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE pag. 270-277
Diana ȚEȚ, I. GAICA, D. D. DICUClimate change and ensuring food security for an exponentially growing global human population are the greatest challenges in the future of agriculture. Improved soil management practices such as enhancing agro-ecosystem productivity, soil fertility, and carbon sequestration are crucial in tackling these environmental problems. The present synthesis assesses a range of current and potential future agricultural management practices that have an effect on soil organic carbon storage (SOC), and sequestration. Regarding the greenhouse effect, it should be emphasized that it is not only carbon as an independent element that is responsible, but carbon dioxide together with the other greenhouse gases (water vapor, methane, ozone, etc.). The incorporation of plant residues in the soil stimulates the activity of microorganisms, their degradation, their transformation into organic carbon in the soil, (SOC) with an important role in preserving soil fertility. Thus, to determine the amount of carbon dioxide that has been taken from the atmosphere and stored in biomass, the equivalence of atomic/molar mass is used. SOC stock boosting management measures such as fertilization, diverse crop rotations, cover cropping, and reduced tillage practices have been extensively discussed over the last 20 years. It is agreed among professionals that these beneficial practices must be maintained to help combat environmental issues in agriculture.
more abstractCarbon sequestration, emissions, agriculture, tillage
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DownloadSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE pag. 278-286
C. TIMIȘ1, M. COSTEA1, Maroua DAHBI1, F. PRUNAR1, R. PAȘCALĂU1,In present-day dialogues pertaining to the stewardship of the environment, the essential interconnectedness between the management of resources sustainably and the conservation of biodiversity has surfaced as an issue of considerable significance. The efficacious overseeing of natural resources, which includes both ecosystems found on land and in water, is fundamentally necessary for the preservation of the fragile equilibrium that supports the resilience of ecosystems. The intensifying pressures stemming from climate change, urban expansion, and the exploitation of resources compel the adoption of novel strategies which must not only safeguard the resource availability for forthcoming generations but also actively advance the well-being of ecological systems. This discourse will delving into the complex interrelation between practices of sustainable resource management and their repercussions on biodiversity, positing that an all-encompassing approach is crucial. By amalgamating principles of ecology with considerations rooted in socio-economics, it is plausible to bolster the resilience of ecosystems that are progressively susceptible to human-induced influences. In conclusion, the discussion will elucidate potential routes toward a future characterised by sustainability, emphasising the recognition that the health and vitality of our natural resources are fundamentally intertwined with biodiversity and the stability of ecosystems. A crucial component of the safeguarding of ecological integrity pertains to the sustainable administration of natural resources, which is characterised as the action of utilising these resources in a way that addresses current demands without endangering the capacity of subsequent generations to satisfy their own. This necessitates the equilibrium of ecological, economic, and social imperatives, thereby enhancing biodiversity and the resilience of ecosystems.
more abstractsustainability, natural resources, management, resilience, biodiversity, ecosystems
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DownloadENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION pag. 287-294
C. TIMIȘ1, A. MINEA1, F. GUYVENCHY1, D. DICU1, R. PAȘCALĂU1,In the past few decades, there has been an increasing awareness regarding the decline of the environment and the exhaustion of natural resources, leading to actions taken by governments and institutions globally to devise policies that address these matters. These policies include a variety of strategies, which range from regulatory structures intended to manage pollution and protect biodiversity to incentive programmes that aim to promote sustainable practices, engaging both businesses and consumers. However, the efficacy of these environmental policies continues to be a topic of considerable contention, particularly in relation to their effects on the safeguarding of natural resources. Both scholars and practitioners endeavour to comprehend the complexities surrounding the creation and implementation of these policies, evaluating not only the short-term advantages but also the enduring consequences for ecosystems and the communities dependent upon them. This essay intends to conduct a critical examination of the convergence between environmental policies and their success in preserving natural resources, thereby adding to the ongoing discourse regarding sustainable development and the stewardship of ecological systems. Environmental policies comprise a extensive array of regulations and strategies that are designed with the purpose of alleviating the detrimental impacts that human activities impose on the natural environment. Such policies are established by various governmental entities and organisations with the intention of fostering sustainable practices and protecting ecosystems, which are vital for maintaining a long-term ecological equilibrium. The effectiveness of these policies is significantly dependent upon the presence of a substantial business environment that encourages innovation alongside responsible management of resources.
more abstractenvironment, policies, impact, environment, protection, importance
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DownloadCONSERVATION OF SOIL RESOURCES IN ARCHIS LOCALITY, ARAD COUNTY pag. 295-302
Nicoleta Maria VICAR, Corina Maria PELICI, I. GAICA, D. D. DICU, Isidora RADULOVThe purpose of the work is represented by the identification and characterization of soil and land units in the locality of Archiș, Arad county. This was achieved through the bibliographic study of the soils in the researched area, by making observations in the field, and collecting and analyzing soil samples from the field. Following the identification and characterization of the soils in the Archiș locality, the classes of favorability and suitability of the soils were established for the main categories of use and species of cultivated plants. Simultaneously, the limiting factors that influence the growth and development of cultivated plants, and their intensity and the measures to prevent and limit their effect on agricultural production were identified. The area taken into account and its zonal peculiarities, determining a great diversity of ecological conditions, generated by the variability of the factors that compete to create the environment in which plants grow and achieve production. It is presented in more detail, the composition of the soil cover, some restrictive characteristics of the quality and suitability of land for certain agricultural uses, with requirements and specific improvement measures and the favorability of arable land for the main cultivated plants. Considering these, the paper presents a series of data prepared on the basis of the existing pedological information in the OSPA archive.
more abstractresources, soil, land, agricultural, fertility
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DownloadCHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS FROM DUMBRAVA, TIMIS COUNTY pag. 303-311
Andrada VIGH, D.D. DICU, R. BERTICIThe purpose of this work is the collection, processing and accumulation of scientific data related to environmental factors, the geographical characteristics of the surface, soil resources, data related to the nature and intensity of limiting factors, the qualitative assessment of land. The commune of Dumbrava in Timiș County is characterized by a diversity of soils that support a varied range of agricultural and economic activities. This area is located in a low land region with favorable agricultural climatic conditions, and the quality of the associated soils is an essential factor for agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability of the commune. The object of study is the lands belonging to the Dumbrava territorial administrative unit, Timiş county, in an area of 5667 ha, from which 4816 ha of agricultural land, respectively the soils identified in the mentioned perimeter. They are studied in relation to the environmental factors that condition their presence, together with them, forming homogeneous ecological territorial units (UT or TEO) with specific suitability/favorability for different agricultural or forestry uses/for different cultivated plants and with requirements and technologies improvement or specific cultural currents. The limiting factors influencing the quality of the land in this area are the phenomenon of acidification, which affects 23.82% of the agricultural area, the excess phreatic moisture of 8.56% and the surface on 31.34%, as well as the degree of subsidence on 64.42% of the agricultural area.
more abstractsoil, environmental factors, favorability, quality
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DownloadEFFECT OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE METHODS ON THE SOIL RESISTANCE AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MAIZE pag. 312-321
V. VINCZE*, P. KRIZSÁN, Z. FUTÓThe aim of this research was how minimum tillage differs from conventional tillage in an irrigated system? The experiment was made in the area of Szarvas (Hungary) in 2022-2023. The type of the soil was chernozem, slightly acidic and with a medium content of humus. The crop culture was early maturing maize (FAO 350). The weather throughout the year was very dry with low amount of rain so this reduced the yield. We separated irrigated, 2x and 4x irrigated parcels and used minimum and conventional tillage. The irrigated treatments were watered four times. During the Leaf Area Index measurement, we did not find any significant difference between tillage types, but between irrigations the research showed significant changes. Non-irrigated LAI data was around 1,05 m2/m2, in the irrigated parcel it was ~2,54 m2/m2. The same result could be obtained from the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD). The lowest value was in the minimum tillage (unirrigated) parcel, 46,89. Anyway the highest value was in the minimum tillage (irrigated) parcel, 58,83. In the case of yield the maize reached maximum of 6,88 tonnes/hectare in irrigated treatments. Yields ranged from 3 to 4 t/ha in the parcels where we did not irrigate. Last but not least the soil resistance represented us that in the minimum-tillage parcels, the resistance was much higher in than the conventional tillage at the same depth. So, summarizing my measurements, I can conclude that irrigation has a positive effect on maize in many respects. From the comparison of the tillages, I concluded that there was no significant difference between minimum and conventional tillage in most cases. However, min-till is economically much reasonable than conventional tillage. Therefore, the use of minimum-tillage in maize cultivation is recommended.
more abstractmaize, minimum tillage, conventional tillage, irrigation, yield
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DownloadWINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) - A PEST PROBLEM FOR BLUEBERRY ORCHARDS IN WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 322-329
Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU1*, Codruța CHIȘ2, Ioana GROZEA1The species Operophtera brumata, due to its extreme polyphagy, is a potential pest of major importance for many fruit-growing areas in Europe and in Romania. In the western part of Romania, this species of geometrids is more abundant than any other defoliator, and its larvae are extremely harmful, significant damage being produced in the orchards of fruit trees and shrubs, but also in deciduous forests. The most recent infestation with larvae of this pest was reported in 2022, on the southern side of a private blueberry orchard in the Bocșa area, where the blueberry bushes were defoliated only in limited areas. In the autumn of the same year, the adults were also collected with the help of pheromone traps. The following year, 2023, the infestation was more widespread, 10% of the orchard area was infested and chemical treatments had to be applied. The paper aim was to analyse the structure and dynamics of the pest population in order to understand the regularity of its reappearance and the rapid growth of the population. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the biological activity of Operopthera brumata species in Bocșa area under 2023 climatic conditions. A significant correlation between temperature and the period of effective dispersal of adults was found, as the daily dynamics of adult populations of Operophtera brumata increased with increasing temperature from the time the first adult emerged until their density decreased to a level where they no longer caused damage.
more abstractwinter moth, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, blueberry, orchards
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DownloadTHE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENT IN MODERN PLANT PROTECTION: GREEN APPROACH TO PEST MANAGEMENT pag. 330-335
Laura VORNICU 1, Maroua1DAHBI, Ștefana1BAICU, R. PAȘCALĂU1In the current scenario surrounding agricultural sustainability, the incorporation of biological agents has turned out to be a major aspect in alleviating pressures from pests and diseases. Traditional chemical approaches, which are frequently marked by their harmful effects on the environment and the emergence of pest populations that are resistant, have compelled a transition towards more environmentally friendly methods. Biological agents, which include a wide variety of organisms ranging from helpful microorganisms to predators and parasitoids present novel solutions aimed at improving plant health and productivity. This shift in paradigm not only holds the promise of safeguarding biodiversity but also corresponds with global movements that advocate for decreased use of chemicals in agricultural practices. In the modern sphere of agriculture, the notion of biological agents incorporates an array of organisms, which encapsulates predators, parasitoids, pathogens, alongside beneficial microbes, that are utilized for the sustainable control of pests and diseases. These agents function via diverse mechanisms, such as predation, parasitism, or competition, thereby serving to decrease dependency on synthetic pesticides. The importance of these agents is accentuated by their varied roles in fortifying ecosystem resilience and fostering biodiversity. Research illuminates the requirement for a strong biological basis to formulate efficient non-chemical interventions, which ultimately seek to tackle significant pest dilemmas. In addition, the incorporation of multifunctional plants within cropping systems not only strengthens pest management practices but concurrently improves overall agricultural output. Hence, the delineation of biological agents bears considerable importance, since their proficient application has the potential to foster more sustainable agricultural methods that are in line with the shifting global benchmarks for environmental responsibility.
more abstractplant protection, biological, green, pest, agents, approaches
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DownloadINNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE PLANT PROTECTION: BALANCING PEST CONTROL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH pag. 336-341
Laura VORNICU1, Maroua DAHBI1, F. GUYVENCHY1, R. PAȘCALĂU1The present agricultural arena is confronted with a challenge of hitherto unseen proportions: the need to reconcile the dual imperatives of productivity and environmental sustainability. As the global populace persists in its upward trajectory, the strain on alimentary systems escalates, thereby necessitating novel methodologies for plant safeguarding that mitigate ecological repercussions. It is within this framework that conventional techniques, which predominantly hinge upon chemical pesticides, are growing increasingly subject to scrutiny regarding their prolonged implications for biodiversity and the integrity of soil health. A notable shift in paradigm towards integrated pest management (IPM), which incorporates biological control, manipulation of habitats, and the prudent application of biopesticides, surfaces as a credible substitute. This research undertakes an exploration of the intricate nature inherent in sustainable strategies for plant protection, scrutinising how such methods not only bolster the resilience of crops but also play a contributory role in sustaining the overarching health of ecosystems. By amalgamating extant research and illustrative case studies, it will underscore the importance of these progressive strategies in the quest to attain a harmonious equilibrium between agricultural output and the principles of environmental stewardship. Sustainable plant protection involves an approach that is holistic in nature, aiming to manage crops with a focus on maintaining an ecological equilibrium, whilst also reducing the negative consequences associated with pest control methods. This shift towards a sustainable paradigm necessitates the integration of various strategies, which include biological control, cultural practices, and the careful employment of chemical inputs, to enhance agricultural resilience.
more abstractplant protection, strategies, innovation, sustainable, environment, pest control, health
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DownloadCHANGES IN SOIL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS AS A RESULT OF SOIL AERATION pag. 342-351
Vanda VERES1, Erzsébet CSENGERI1, Patrik KRIZSÁN1Among soil degradation processes, the physical degradation of soils (deterioration of soil structure and compaction) is one of the most widespread and largest worldwide damaging process. In Hungary, 34.8% of soils are affected by soil compaction. Soil compaction is a problem in many fruit plantations. Phisical soil degradation can be caused by natural factors, such as heavy rain. Most often, however, the machines of agronomy, irrigation, plant protection, mowing, harvesting. In compacted soil, precipitation, irrigation water, and nutrient supply are not utilized to the appropriate extent. Physical degradation of soil involves the destruction of soil structure, dispersion of soil particles, sealing of pores, compression and increasing density, consolidation, compaction and reduced root penetration, low infiltration, waterlogging and runoff, and accelerated erosion. To maintain the physical condition of the soil, different methods of agronomy are used, such as the use of soil loosening devices and the planting of mulching plants. Most recently, soil aeration is used. In the present experiment, the technology was applied in cherry and plum orchards in Tápiószele to evaluate the efficiency of soil aeration. Soil aeration, mechanical soil loosening by the introduction of compressed air. The process involves injecting compressed air at a pressure of 12 bar for a few seconds at a depth of 90 cm into the soil. At depth, this creates a kind of micro explosion. This causes the previously compacted soil to crack, increasing its pore volume and making it permeable to water and nutrients, which can then penetrate to the lower layers of the root zone. The present experiment aims to investigate the physical parameters of the soil. The experiments started with soil sampling in early 2024. We are measured soil resistivity and soil moisture with a Daróczi-Lelkes penetronik instrument in four replicates. Soil samples were taken from 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths as controls for soil moisture and soil resistivity. In the laboratory, we determined the gold binding number and the leachable fraction of the soil.
more abstractsoil degradation, soil compaction, soil aeration, fruit plantation
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