Rjas

Vol 46, No 2 (2014)

THE QUALITY OF MAROS RIVER WATER IN ROMANIA - HUNGARY CROSS BORDER AREA pag. 3-13

Adina BERBECEA, Isidora RADULOV, L. NITA, Alina LATO, A.OKROS, F.CRISTA, I.LATO

More than 10 years ago, EU defined guidelines for surface water quality with the 2000/60/EC Directive. This is the most important water legislation and acts for both Member states and candidate countries. The aim of this paper is to observe the variation of water quality in Romania - Hungary cross border area, during four seasons. Samples have been taken from five points of Romanian and Hungarian part and the following indicators have been determinate: pH, nitrates, nitrites, phosphorus, Ca, Mg. Fe, Cr, Zn, Mn

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water, metals, nitrates, nitrites, phosphorus

Presentation: oral

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MERCATOR AND U.T.M. MAP PROJECTIONS pag. 14-24

Radu BERTICI, Mihai HERBEI, Silvica ONCIA, Cosmin POPESCU, Laura SUMULEAC

The analyzed projections from this paper are cartographical projections of great importance in practice, solving cartographical problems regarding map drawing based on practical needs. These are the ones referring to terrain surfaces that will be represented, to the accuracy that must be obtained, as well as the ways to accomplish favorable and precise links with other kinds of cartographical projections. The maps in Mercator projection have a great importance in maritime and air navigation, due to the fact that it is a conform projection and the cartographic network formed in perpendicular lines, the loxodrome will be a straight line. The same line makes with each projection of the meridians the same azimuth. The UTM system that uses the Mercator projection can be used all over the world having the advantage that it reduces the errors of representation in plan due to introducing a scale factor that makes that the linear distortions from the margin of the spindle projected in plan to reduce to half. In this projection it is impossible to represent whole surface of the earth on the same plan, the projection being made on different plans, each of them along one meridian called center meridian. The UTM projection is used especially in military activities.

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Mercator, UTM, map projections, distorsion

Presentation: oral

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PRESENT-DAY CONDITION AND CONSERVATION OF SPONTANEOUS ORCHIDS POPULATIONS WHITIN THE CHEILE NEREI-BEUȘNIȚA NATIONAL PARK (S-W ROMANIA) pag. 25-37

BÂTEA, N.-D., NICOLIN, A.-L., ARSENE, G.-G., IMBREA, I.-M., NEACȘU, A.-G.

In the Romanian flora there are 58 species from Orchidaceae, whereof 33 species are mentioned by some authors as growing in the Cheile Nerei-Beușnița National Park. Orchids are seldom part of red lists; within Romanian red lists there are mentioned almost all species (OLTEANU et al., 1994), 18 species (DIHORU & DIHORU, 1994), or 10 species (DIHORU & NEGREAN, 2009). The red list of Carpathian Region (WITKOWSKI et al., 2003) contains 18 orchids species. There are few studies on orchids in the Cheile Nerei-Beușnița, focussed mainly on chorological aspects. Our field research was conducted from 2010 to 2013, during the flowering periods; we recorded the spatial distribution of populations, populations size, and the type of threats / pressures. The populations found belongs to 12 species: Himantoglossum caprinum (M.Bieb.) Spreng. (H. hircinum (L.) Spreng subsp. caprinum (M.Bieb.) K. Richt = H. jankae Somlyay, Kreutz & Óvári, according to MOLNÁR et al., 2012), species from the Annex II (92/43/EEC Directive), Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw., Orchis pallens L., Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Swartz, Neottia nidus – avis (L.) L. C. M. Richard, Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Platanthera bifolia (L.) L. C. Rich, Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce, Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br., Epipactis helleborine (L.) Cr. Stirp., Orchis mascula (L.) L., Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. The habitats (in old biogeographical sense, non sensu Natura 2000) of most populations are forests dominated by beech, some of species beeing meadows-restricted ones. As threats, in forest habitats, we identified: the proliferation of shrub layer, vandalism, illegal logging, and accidental fires. In meadows, detrimental factors are the the overgrazing or the abandon of grazing, the abandon of mowing and fires. Immediate simple management measures are advisable, as the diminution of shading by shrub des-encroachment, that could significantly improve the germination of Orchis mascula population in the Ciclova Valley. Giving the vulnerability of many species to natural succession, as well as to severe climatic variation, a system of monitoring orchids population should be established. The conservation status of most orchids in the National Park is unadequate and the size in populations is far from beeing a liability of their continuance.

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Orchidaceae, Himantoglossum, Cheile Nerei-Beușnița, conservation

Presentation: oral

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THE IMPACT OF THE ANTROPIC ACTIVITIES ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THE RIVERS TIMIŞ AND BEGA IN THE INFERIOR SECTOR pag. 38-45

I. BOTH, I. BORZA, Loredana COPĂCEAN, N. VARAN

The study refers to the appreciation of surface water quality, respectively the Timiş and Bega streams, in the inferior sector. The qualitative evaluation of the two water streams, was carried out based on data from the Banat Water Basin Administration archive, from the upstream sections Timişoara and Otelec, the Bega river, respectively Şag and Grăniceri on the Timiş river, based on the analytical results of the following indices: pH, dissolved oxygen, CBO5, CCOCr, electric conductivity, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, sulphates, chlorine, manganese and iron. The analysed data are from the time interval 2011 – 2012. Data interpretation was carried out according to the regulations of Order no. 161 from 2006 for the approval of the Normative regarding surface water quality classification in order to establish the water bodies ecologic state. In parallel, the main anthropic activities were identified, which determine a depreciation of the surface water quality state. The research has shown some qualitative differentiations monitored in the control sections at the beginning of the study area and downstream, from the end of this area, qualitative differentiations determined by: the crossing of the agricultural area by the water, over-flowing of waste waters incompletely cleaned or raw waste waters (by accident), the carrying out of zootechnical activities present or past. With most monitored indices in the control entrance of the study area, respectively upstream Timişoara (on the Bega river) and Şag (on the Timiş river) show values corresponding to the 1 st quality class, and downstream, on exiting this area, respectively Otelec (on the Bega) and Grăniceri (on the Timiş), one may notice the higher frequency of 2 nd quality class indices. Among potential pollution sources, there are: SC Smithfield Ferme SRL, the Cinder Deposit Utvin, the Urban Waste Deposit Parţa etc. Considering the „communication” between surface water and underground water layers, the latter’s quality may suffer negative changes under certain environmental conditions.

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water stream, quality, pollution, impact

Presentation: oral

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YIELD FORMATION OF COMMON PEAS AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE pag. 46-53

Eva CANDRÁKOVÁ1, Marta ANDREJČÍKOVÁ2, Eva HANÁČKOVÁ1

During 2010-2012, the field trial of pea variety Xantos was established on Experimental site of SAU in Nitra (E 18º09', N 48º19') with altitude of 175 m. The location has continental warm and moderate arid climate with an average annual temperature of 9.07°C an average annual precipitation of 561 mm. The mean temperature during the growing season is 16.2°C. The soil type is Orthic Luvisol with a loamy texture, medium humus content of 1.95% - 2.60% and a pH of 5.7. The tested variety is medium early, semileafless type, with good plasticity to soil and climate condition. Three fertilization treatments as follows: 0-without organic and inorganic fertilization. PH – mineral fertilizers calculated to the 4 t yield level. PR- incorporation of all above-ground plant material of forecrop supplemented with mineral fertilizer to the balance equilibrium level. Common pea (Pisum sativum L.) was growing after maize. In autumn, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied. In spring, 20 kg ha-1 of mineral nitrogen as a starting dose was applied. The influence of mineral fertilization and green manure treatments on creation of yield component, yield of seeds and yield of pea straw was evaluated. Year condition of evaluated years differ significantly mainly in precipitation pattern. In 2012, the warmest (+1.5 °C above LTA) dry condition (87.8 °C of LTA) was noted. The wettest year was 2010 (61% above LTA). In 2011, the most suitable wheatear conditions were determined. The yield of pea was highly significantly influenced by year conditions and significantly by mineral fertilization treatments. The highest seed yield (2.11 t ha-1) and straw (4.04 t ha-1) was reached in 2011. The lowest yield of pea seeds (1.03 t ha-1) and straw (1.79 t ha-1) was noted in 2012. The close relationship between biomass production and fertilization and forecrop residues incorporation was determined (r=0.9592+++). The highest nitrogen uptake was in 2011 (65.14 kg ha-1) on mineral fertilization treatment with incorporation of forecrop aboveground biomass of maize. The phosphorus and potassium uptake was the highest in wet year (2010) also on mineral fertilization treatment with incorporation of forecrop aboveground biomass of maize. The lowest uptake of P and K was on the control treatments. The lowest total nutrient uptake was in 2012 due to lack of soil moisture and high temperature, thereby was limited function of the root system.

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common pea, harvest residues, fertilization, nutrient, yield

Presentation: oral

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VALENCES OF INVESTIGATION METHOD APPLICATION IN THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES pag. 53-56

Narcisa Georgeta Crista, Iasmina Cecilia Savescu

The purpose of this paper is to render perspicuous the results of an ascertaining research on student perception regarding the way in which didactic methodology employed in the study of biology and agricultural sciences meets their study needs. Currently, the Romanian academic environment inter alia is thoroughly preoccupied with the quality of the instructional-educational process in relation to the rate of employment subsequent to the graduation on the work market. In this sense, organising the didactic and strategic activities applied in the instructive-educational process is of paramount importance. In order to carry out the research under scrutiny, an interview and a questionnaire were chosen as operational tools with the purpose of collecting information. They were applied to students majoring in Agriculture and Horticulture. Aspects regarding the study of science in general, as well as aspects specific to the study of biology and agricultural sciences were analysed. What is more, we have elicited some aspects regarding the different learning styles of students, didactic strategies, learning motivation in students, as well as the valences of scientific investigation use. This research project, through its highlighted results, contributes to the evaluation of the didactic process carried into effect at university level, to the reiteration of certain actions regarding the perfecting of didactic methodologies applied in the study of biology and agricultural sciences, as well as to the holistic organisation of the educational process. The conclusions drawn from the investigation point towards the success of science learning at a superior quality level through the direct involvement of the students in research and active learning

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didactic strategies, Investigation Method, Biology, Agricultural Sciences,

Presentation: oral

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THE MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGY CLASS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEARNING QUALITY ASSURANCE pag. 57-60

Narcisa Georgeta Crista, Iasmina Cecilia Savescu

In this research paper we elicit some aspects regarding the role of communication in the biology class management. From the point of view of its specificity, the biology class presents the advantage of varied activity organisation within teacher-student, student-teacher, and student-student communication which becomes essential. Any obstacle that occurs in the communication can render the teaching-learning process difficult or even impossible, thus, knowing the rules of a good communication as well as the factors that hinder communication becomes important to the formation of future biology teachers. The research carried out focused on identifying the obstacles that occur in communication during scientific classes as perceived by students majoring in Biology, as well as identifying the context in which they occur and finding solutions to overcome them. In order to conduct this research, we have chosen the methods of interview and questionnaire in order to collect information. We have analysed the students’ opinions regarding the obstacles that contribute to the decline or feeble involvement in the science class activities or debates in a twofold manner: the management of the didactic process and the management of the interpersonal relationships. The information rendered by the students were discussed during the seminar of specialised didactics as they constituted the basis for debates regarding possible solutions and recommendations for improving the communication skills of students to be future teachers. The conclusions drawn from this study confirm the importance of communication skill development of the teacher, the efficiency in communication being identifiable with pedagogic efficiency from the perspective of the influence the teacher may have on the students and on the didactic approach orientation.

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Key words: class management, didactic communication, didactic quality process

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF STAND DENSITY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF NS SUNFLOWER CONFECTIONARY HYBRIDS pag. 61-66

J. CRNOBARAC1, I. BALALIĆ2, B. MARINKOVIĆ1, G. JAĆIMOVIĆ1, Dragana LATKOVIĆ1

A two year field plot was conducted on experimental fields of Institute of field and vegetable crops in Novi Sad. The effect of stand density on seed yield, protein content and mass of 1000 seeds were researched. Old and new perspective confectionary sunflower hybrids of NS Seed Company were used. There were six stand densities, from 20000-70000 plants per hectare with increasing step of 10000. There were significant differences between hybrids and in both years the highest yield had new hybrid NS-H-6485. In average, for all 6 hybrids maximal seed yield in both years were at stand density between 40000-50000 plants per hectare. Protein content was higher in old hybrids (Vranac and Cepko) and gradually decreases with increasing stand density. Mass of 1000 seed, which is an important quality parameter, was higher in all new hybrids and in average for all stand density in both years was higher than 100 g. Hybrid NS-Goliat had especially large seed, even more than 150 g. Stand density had high influence on 1000 seed mass, and seed mass at the highest stand density was for approximately 50 % lower than at the lowest stand density in both years.

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sunflower, confectionary hybrids, yield, protein content, seed mass

Presentation: oral

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THE RED SOILS FROM THE SUBCARPATHIAN DEPRESSION OF OLTENIA - THE AREA BETWEEN OLTEŢ AND MOTRU - pag. 67-83

Fota Octavian1), Craioveanu Gheorghe2), Carigoiu Violeta3), Sirbu Lucica4), Popescu Dorel5).

The soils from the Subcarpathian Depression of Oltenia (the area between Oltet and Motru ( are the result of soil shaping processes specific to natural conditions. The dominant soils are the luvisoils and the cambisoils. Along these, on restraint areas we distinguish soils that are from the same classes but which colors vary; they are red on more or less on all control area. This paper covers the red soils in the Subcarpathian Depression of Oltenia (the area between Oltet and Motru) with regards to: - The surfaces covered by red soils; - The causes of the rubefaction process; - The main red soil (subtype level). Morpho-phisical-chemical characteristics and their distribution in the Romanian Taxonomy System; - The production potential of the red soils. The researches were organized and conducted by the Pedological and Agrochemical Institute Gorj. On the field, the research activity was done in an expeditionary system and consisted of: - execution of soil profiles; - drawing soil samples; - individualizing red type of soil on the working plans. The soil samples were analized in the Institute laboratories as in the ICPA Bucuresti methodology and the integration of the soils in the Roumain Clasification System was made on SRTS 2012. Fallowing the research in expeditionary system there were identified red soil an area of 6250 Ha: soil evaluated in natural different conditions. According to the solification rocks we can two groups of red soils: - Soils that have evolued on granite rocks; - Soils that have evolued on limestones; The favorability of these types of soils is the following: - Red soils that have evolued on granite rocks: The species with deep roots (fruit trees and grapevines) have a good to medium favorability, while the crops have medium to low favorability. The indicators that decrease the final scoring are the mould content and the reaction of the soil. - Red soils that have evolued limestones: The species with deep roots have a medium favorability, while the crops have low and very low favorability. The indicators that decrease the final scoring are the temperature, the mould reserve and last but not least the acidity. The presented results partial research.

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soil shaping, color, rubefaction process, subtype, potential

Presentation: oral

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STUDY REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF CULTIVATING MEDICINAL PLANTS IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT pag. 84-92

R.M. GIURGIU, G.A. MORAR, ADELINA DUMITRAȘ, PĂUNIȚA BOANCĂ, B.M. DUDA, CRISTINA MOLDOVAN

This paper focuses on growing medicinal plants in hydroponic systems. Medicinal herbs cultivation is widespread and the interest for this kind of cultures is growing on a fast pace. Harvesting the raw material from the wild can be very difficult due to the little control one can have dealing with problems like: misidentification, genetical and phonotypical variability, active substances variability and toxic compounds. Cultivating the medicinal plants in a more controlled environment can overcome these difficulties and more than that, recent studies showed that cultivating medicinal plants in controlled environment improves the concentration of bioactive substances. Hydroponic cultures getting very popular because of the results it showed in recent practices. The main plants cultivated in this kind of system are vegetables, or other plants used in food industry. The hydroponic system can improve the yield and have showed a huge economical advantage. This system is also used in green walls or vertical farms clearly being a tool of the future in agriculture sciences. The hydroponic system is a rigorous way of cultivating controlling the temperature, humidity, light, irrigation and fertilization of the plants that are growing in an inert substrate that can be rock wool, clay pebbles, vermiculite, perlite, coco peat and others. The goal of cultivating medicinal plants in hydroponic systems is to attain unequalled growth allied with excellent crop quality and high bioactive substance. The risks of hydroponic cultivation of medicinal plants are low germination rate and ecological problems that can be overcome by controlling the optimal parameters to obtain the best environment for germination; another risk is that it may need artificial pollination. Having all aspects taken in consideration, hydroponic cultures can have relevant results like uniform yield, with high percentage of bioactive substances and this kind of system can be the way to cultivate the medicinal plants in commercial purpose. Beside the economical and chemical advantages, the hydroponic systems of cultivating medicinal plants, helps protecting spontaneous flora and the diversity of the species that can be found in the wilderness. The challenge is that the synergistic effects can be not only conclusively demonstrated but also realistically defined for biotechnological intervention.

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medicinal plants, hydroponic, bioactive substances, future prospects

Presentation: oral

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STUDIES REGARDING THE MECHANIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF MINIMAL TILLAGE IN WHEAT CULTURE pag. 93-96

Radu ILEA, Daniel POPA, Marcus SCHNEMANN

A primary goal of modern agriculture is intensive development of agricultural production, as an essential condition for achieving the greatest productions at the surface and with as low costs per unit produced. Development of sustainable agriculture in Romania through the promotion of conservation technologies and, in particular, those with minimal tillage and sowing should be directly with the necessity for achieving yields of high quality, low cost and respecting the requirements relating to the preservation of soil fertility. In view of the current requirements for the development of a sustainable eco-agriculture, these technologies will require more and more in Europe, including in our country. The sowing of cereals is a particularly important work to be carried out at a time and with minimum expenses. This paper shows the optimal technology mechanization work of cizel ploughing, harrows tillage and sowing in the growing of grain straw. The paper is based on the experience gained in the area of mechanization by the agriculture of our country and other countries. In result of studies carried out are presented the findings concerning the consumption of fuel, and indices of the mechanized works in wheat culture.

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tractors, fuel, minimal tillage, economic indexes

Presentation: oral

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ROCK HABITATS IN THE NATURE RESERVE ROSCI 0032 RUDARIEI GORGES pag. 97-105

Ilinca M. IMBREA1, Alma L. NICOLIN1 , Carmen SORESCU2, Ciprian CORPADE3, Liviu BUZILĂ3

Abstract The Nature Reserve Rudariei Gorges is located South-Western Caras-Severin County in the Almajului Depression. Though it is known more for its Mill Reserve and the value of the landscape, the area conserves plant species and habitats that are specific to the rocks of South Banat. The vegetation of the Rudariei Gorges has a sub-Mediterranean character with numerous thermophilous species and vegetal associations similar to those of Serbia and Bulgaria. The mosaic-like aspect of the vegetation and the nature of the geological substratum have made the habitat mapping in the area difficult; some of them, included in the Standard Form of the ROSCI 0032 Rudariei Gorges cannot be found in the protected area. Thus, of the four protected habitats included in the Standard Form, only two have been reconfirmed in the field. However, we have identified other seven habitats Natura 2000, four of which are rock habitats that are presented in this paper: 40A0* - Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub, 6190 - Rupicolous Pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis), 8220 - Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, and 8230 - Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Sclerantion or Sedo albi – Veronicion dillenii. Inventorying and mapping vegetal habitats and species consisted of two stages: the field stage and the laboratory stage for the synthesis of collected data. Field studies were carried out during vegetation, starting in March-April, to also capture the early-spring flora. Determining plant species was done based on nationally acknowledged works (CIOCÂRLAN V., 2009; SĂVULESCU T., 1952-1976) that we have checked in the electronic database of the Royal Botanical Gardens of Edinburgh (http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html). Identifying the main habitats and species in the reserve with accuracy allows the establishment of proper measures of conservation and monitoring – a compulsory component of the Management Plan. Studies were financed through a project Operational Programmes Environment, Axis 4: “Developing the Management Plan of the Rudariei Gorges protected area” (code SMIS 36427).

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rock habitats, Nature Reserve, Rudariei Gorges

Presentation: oral

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THE INFLUENCE OF LIGNITE FLY ASH ON REPRODUCTION OF SPECIES EISENIA FETIDA (A MICROCOSM EXPERIMENT) pag. 106-109

Madalina Iordache, I. Borza, Valentina Andriucă, Dubiţ Daniela

The objective of the study consisted of testing the effect of lignite fly ash on reproduction of earthworms Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). The experiment has been carried out in laboratory (microcosm experiment).

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Eisenia fetida, earthworms, reproduction, larvae, cocoons, lignite ash

Presentation: oral

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THE EFFECT OF SWINE SLUDGE ON SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SPECIES EISENIA FETIDA: MORTALITY, BODY WEIGHT, PROLIFICACY pag. 110-114

Madalina Iordache, I. Borza, Valentina Andriucă, Dubiţ Daniela

The objective of the study consisted of testing the effect of residual water resulted from swine breeding complexes on earthworms Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) under the following aspects: mortality, body weight, prolificacy. The experiment has been carried out in laboratory (microcosm experiment).

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Eisenia fetida, earthworms, mortality, body weight, prolificacy, cocoons, swine sludge

Presentation: oral

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FAUNA OF HETEROPTERA IN ALFALFA FIELDS IN THE REGION OF BAČKA (NORTHWEST SERBIA): PAST AND PRESENT SITUATION pag. 115-124

Aleksandra Konjević, Tatjana Kereši

Research of insect fauna in alfalfa fields in the region of Vojvodina has been neglected for more than twenty years. During the second half of the last century, many authors from former Yugoslavia investigated this topic: JOVANIĆ (1957), PETRIK (1959), BALARIN (1974), PROTIĆ (1987), KEREŠI & SEKULIĆ (1994). Despite rich diversity of insect fauna in alfalfa updated data on this topic are lacking, especially on Heteroptera in this crop. This can be explained by the fact that alfalfa makes only 4% of all crops raised in this region and that mainly pest species of economic importance are emphasized during the years of their mass appearance, exclusively. For this reason the aim of this study was to compare situation on heteropteran fauna diversity in alfalfa fields in the region of Bačka, with reference on investigations during the period 1981-1985 and in 2012. Special attention was paid to changes in bugs’ diversity, domination of species and economical threats by certain species. Sampling of Heteroptera was conducted in period from late spring to midsummer, during the period of high activity of bugs with respect of plant-host phenology. Adults were collected with insect net and by hand. Collected specimens were identified in the laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad according to morphological characters and by using different keys for identification: BEI-BIENKO et al., 1964; PÉRICART, 1987; WYNIGER & KMENT, 2010; PROTIĆ 2011; www.macroID.ru; www.koleopterologie.de, etc. During the five years period of sampling 18 species belonging to six families of Heteroptera were registered, while in 2012 there were 26 identified species belonging to nine families. Dominant species in both periods of sampling were phytophagous species with polyphagous preferences, not strictly related to alfalfa. On the other hand the presence and abundance of predaceous species is also recorded what can be of importance in planning biological control program. Results of this study are an overview of the true bugs fauna present in the region of Bačka and represent the contribution to faunistic knowledge of Heteroptera in Serbia.

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Heteroptera, fauna of true bugs, alfalfa

Presentation: oral

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THE EFFECT OF LIQUID FERTILIZER MG-TITANIT ON CREATION OF WINTER WHEAT PHYTOMASS pag. 125-131

Peter KOVÁČIK, Jozef HUDEC, Peter ONDRIŠÍK, Nora POLLÁKOVÁ

The effect of the application of liquid fertilizer Mg-Titanit (MgTi) containing titanium in the form of titanium ascorbate on creation of aboveground phytomass dynamics, total chlorophyll content in leaves and yield grain and straw of winter wheat was investigated in a small plot field trial (20 m2 per one plot) realized on the haplic chernozem (48o42´ N, 17o70´ E – western Slovakia) during two farming years (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). The experiment consisted of 5 treatments (0; 2xTi0.2; 3xTi0.2; 2xTi0.4; 3xTi0.4). 0 – control treatment without MgTi fertilizer; 2xTi0.2 – two applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.2 l.ha-1; 3xTi0.2 – three applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.2 l.ha-1; 2xTi0.4 – two applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.4 l.ha-1; 3xTi0.4 – three applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.4 l. ha-1. The fertilizer was applied in the spring during two, or three different growth stages: BBCH 29, BBCH 32, BBCH 55. The plant sampling was carried out two or three weeks after spraying by the fertilizer (BBCH 32, BBCH 55, BBCH 65). The results show that both first and second (repeated) application of Mg-Titanit stimulated the formation of the aboveground phytomass of winter wheat and it tended to increase the content of the total chlorophyll in leaves. A higher one-off application dose (0.4 l.ha-1) had more positive effect on the formation of the aboveground phytomass than a lower one-off dose (0.2 l.ha-1). The effect of the third dose was not positive. The increased total dose of Mg-Titanit led to the increased yield of wheat grains up to the total dose 0.8 l.ha-1. The highest yield of grain and straw was achieved with the total dose 0.8 l.ha-1, i.e. after two applications of Mg-Titanit in the dose of 0.4 l.ha-1. The dose of 1.2 l.ha-1 (3 x 0.4 l.ha-1) did not increase the grain and straw yield in comparison with the dose of 0.8 l.ha-1. However, the grain and straw yield was higher with the given dose of Mg-Titanit than in the variants with the total doses of 0.4 and 0.6 l.ha-1. From the aspect of the quantity of grain and straw yield and nitrogen content in the wheat grain the better parameters were achieved when the application dose of Mg-Titanit was 0.4 l.ha-1 in comparison with the dose of 0.2 l.ha-1, regardless there carried out two or three applications.

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chlorophyll, fertilizer, titanium, winter wheat

Presentation: oral

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SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY HPLC/DAD FOR DETERMINATION OF SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDE IN SOIL pag. 132-138

Sanja LAZIĆ, Dragana ŠUNJKA

Abstract. Sulfonylurea herbicides are widely used for control for most broad-leaves weeds and common grasses in agricultural crops in quite low application rate (less than 100 g/ha). Their persistence in the soil environment is mainly dependent on several site specific factors, such as rainfall, soil properties (especially pH and organic matter), climate and combination of factors. The fate of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil ranges from few weeks to three or more years. Generally, sulfonylurea herbicides represent potential environment pollutants in soil and water. One of the most applicable SU herbicide is nicosulfuron (1-(4.6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-(3-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-pyridylsulfonyl) urea). In extreme weather conditions, nicosulfuron residue in soil can influence phytotoxicity symptoms in some sensitive crops, such as sugar beet or soybean. In order to develop simple and rapid, but enough sensitive method for determination of nicosulfuron residues in soil sample, this study was conducted. Method validation was performed by analyzing spiked uncontaminated soil samples (10 g) with nicosulfuron at three levels 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 μg/ml. Extraction was done with phosphate buffer pH 7.4/methanol (80/20, v/v) solution. The mixture was shaken for 1 min using Vortex and liquid and solid phases were separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 min. The extraction process was repeated two times, followed by cleaning up on C18 cartridges. Analysis was carried out using an HPLC-UV diode array detection system (Agilent 1100, USA), with an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 1.8 μm) and mobile phase consisting of ultrapure water pH 2.5 with H3PO4 and acetonitrile (70/30, v/v). Presence of nicosulfuron was confirmed by overlapping spectra (240 nm) from standard solution and from soil sample spiked with nicosulfuron. The accuracy of the defined method was confirmed by the good results of recovery assay (89%). The limit of detection and limit of quantiﬁcation were found to be 0.01 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Described method is applicable for analysis of this herbicide in real soil samples.

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sulfonylurea herbicide, nicosulfuron, residue, soil, HPLC

Presentation: oral

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHERNOZEM INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION pag. 139-146

Ksenija, MAČKIĆ, B. PEJIĆ, LJiljana NEŠIĆ, J. VASIN, Branka MIJIĆ

In semiarid agro ecological conditions of Vojvodina province, northern part of Serbia, irrigation has a supplementary character. However, since vegetables require increased soil moisture, intensive vegetable production is only possible under irrigated conditions. In irrigated agriculture, applied water may exert different pressure on soil properties, especially chemical. In order to investigate how long term irrigation affects the carbonate chernozem in Vojvodina region, a field survey was conducted at the Experimental field Rimski Sancevi, Department of Vegetable Crops, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, near Novi Sad. The soil is classified as chernozem, subtype on the loess and loess sediments. The analyzed soil samples were taken from the irrigated as well as the rainfed plots, from the soil profile, by horizons. The amount of total soluble salts is low, ranged from 0,02 to 0,21%, sodium adsorption ratio from 0,36 to 2,26. Electrical conductivity varied from 0,51 to 2,85 dS/m, with higher values on irrigated variant in surface layers, indicating a tendency towards mild salinity. pH values measured in saturated soil paste are within the limits of neutral to slightly and moderately alkaline, increased on the irrigated variant. The soil's qualitative and quantitative content of cations, determined from the water extract, shows a predominance of calcium and magnesium ions relative to sodium and potassium. The content of calcium ions in the water extract records a higher content in the surface layer of soil on irrigated chernozem. The amount of hydrocarbons decreased with depth of soil profile, not influenced by irrigation. Slightly higher values of chloride were found in surface layer of irrigated soil. The adsorbed cation content of calcium ions shows the dominants in both variants compared to magnesium, sodium and potassium. The quality of water for irrigation belongs to C3S1, according to U.S. Salinity Laboratory. The obtained results showed that there has been no major detrimental effect on soil due to irrigation, but constant control of the quality of water for irrigation is necessary, as well as constant monitoring of the chemical properties of the irrigated soil.

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chernozem, chemical properties, irrigation

Presentation: oral

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THE EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON CONCENTRATION OF VITAMIN C IN LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA, L.) pag. 147-151

Ivana MAKSIMOVIĆ, Marina PUTNIK-DELIĆ, Ž. ILIN, R. KASTORI, B. ADAMOVIĆ, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, ivanam@polj.uns.ac.rs

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a nutritious leafy vegetable, rich in minerals and vitamins. It is now considered as one of the most important salad crops and is used particularly as the base for salad and grown around the world. Salad has short vegetation period, so several production cycles can be achieved during the year. It has sedative, diuretic and expectorant features and is beneficial for functioning of the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Among the other valuable compounds, lettuce contains vitamin C, one of the essential nutrients for humans. It is very important to store lettuce after harvest in the environment in which its nutritional value does not deteriorate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different cold storage conditions on concentration of vitamin C in lettuce. Four cultivars of lettuce (Murai, Kitare, Carmesi and Levistro) were included in the experiment. Plants were grown under controlled conditions of a greenhouse to technological maturity, in growing cubes. After harvest, lettuce heads were stored in the refrigerator in two ways: 1) together with growing cube or 2) without growing cube. Every three days after the beginning of the storage period, at three time points in total, concentration of vitamin C was determined. These results were also compared to concentration of vitamin C in lettuce which was not harvested and continued growth in a greenhouse, in growing cubes, during the entire period. Storage conditions effected concentration of vitamin C to varying extent in different cultivars. In cultivar Murai concentration of vitamin C declined the least over time, regardless of storage conditions (the lowest recorded value was 60% since the beginning of storage period). In the other three cultivars concentrations of vitamin C were very similar in cold storage. However, the differences between cultivars were observed in lettuce stored with growing cubes in a greenhouse where Kitare and Murai had 98 – 80% of vitamin C in comparison with respective controls. In Carmesi and Levistro concentration of vitamin C declined much more (in Levistro to about 25%, and this cultivar had the highest initial concentration of vitamin C). Generally, the results showed that there was a decrease in the concentration of vitamin C in lettuce over time, but less when lettuce was stored in the refrigerator without a growing cube.

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Vitamin C, lettuce cultivars, postharvest storage

Presentation: oral

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ASPECTS REGARDING THE CONATIVE SELF-REGULATION IN ACADEMIC LEARNING pag. 152-155

Alina – Lidia MĂRGHITAN, Ph.D. in Agronomy, BANAT’S UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE “KING MICHAEL I OF ROMANIA” FROM TIMISOARA, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE,DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER TRAINING, Aradului Boulevard,Nr.119, România, alinamarg@yahoo.com D. I. CRAŞOVAN, Ph.D. in Psychology, CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (CCPC) – INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RESEARCH, WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMIŞOARA, ROMÂNIA

Learning is achieved through a channeled energy intake determined by motivational and emotional structures. The student's ability to control moods, reactions of avoidance or resent towards certain tasks, feelings of frustration, emotional reactions to success or failure, is linked to the ability of self- motivation and perseverance in the learning process. Emotional and motivational control is redounded upon the cognitive capacities and performance. Motivation control in the educational environment entails preparing the learners to take reasonable risks, setting some optimal expectation levels, and gaining self-confidence from an educational vantage point. The study under scrutiny aims at identifying the emotional-motivational status for a given sample made of students. The study involved 70 students of Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" in Timisoara. The methods used for the research comprised a questionnaire on learning motivation, a scale for determining anxiety and the Friedmann emotional maturity scale. Corollary to the application of the above-mentioned research tools, the situation within the Faculty of Agriculture, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" in Timisoara was identified, with relevant and realistic recommendation findings for students who want to learn responsibly and autonomously.

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motivational structures, emotional control, motivational control, responsible learning

Presentation: oral

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PSYCHOPEDAGOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON DIDACTIC COMMUNICATION IN THE ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT pag. 156-159

The didactic process is originally a communication process par excellence between the trainers and the trainees. An exchange of messages is carried into effect through communication at various levels of schooling with the main purpose of achieving high efficiency pedagogical objectives. The science of requesting and offering, as well as the science of receiving and declining (objects, feelings, attitudes, etc.) lead to the satisfaction of learning and academic networking. Perforce, the study under scrutiny aims at identifying important psychopedagogical aspects that help improve academic communication. The study involved 60 students of Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" in Timisoara. In order to determine the level of communication within the students who were part of the sample, we used a questionnaire to determine the suitability of verbal skills, general self-efficacy scale and a questionnaire to determine the effectiveness of communication. Corollary to the application of the above-mentioned research tools, the characteristics of trainee communication at an undergraduate level representative for this institution were identified.

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didactic communication, pedagogic objectives, Skills Questionnaire, The Scale of General Self-efficacy, efficient communication

Presentation: oral

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PETROLEUM FRACTIONS DISTRIBUTION IN A CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL FROM BRAILA COUNTY pag. 160-165

Mariana Marinescu, M. Toti, Eugenia Gament, M. Marinescu

Romania still depends largely on crude oil for income earnings. Crude oil spillage is also a very common problem in the country. There is therefore a need for continuous research on the problems associated with pollution resulting from spillage and its effects on the soil environment which has a negative impact on crop growth on it. There are a variety of pollutants affecting soil and subsoil, such as fuel and oil products, hydrocarbon residues, crude oil, other products resulting from the operation (saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic). These types of products (mainly hydrocarbons) have a harmful risk, affecting the quality of groundwater, which becomes unfit for use for a long time (drinking water, irrigation and different industrial uses). It also poses risks to human health, biological environment and vegetation, aromatic compounds having a strong feature of mutagenic and carcinogenic and, not least, affect the environment security, presenting risks of explosion and fire, when the floating oil reach the groundwater in the basement of various buildings. The case study was achieved at Perisoru, Braila county, in an area polluted by crude oil criminal drilling in a transport pipeline. This paper includes: presentation of the area, the main morphological features, physical, agrochemical and microbiological characteristics of soil samples collected from polluted area and the soil profile of the maximum pollution compared with those of uncontaminated soil in the vicinity of the polluted area, the dynamics of pollutant migration depth of soil profile horizons depending on the sequence and genetic characteristics and the degree of pollutant loading. The paper presents the results obtained for petroleum fractions in soil samples polluted with crude oil. The conclusion of the case study investigated in the crude oil polluted area was that the physico-chemical and biological characteristics make chernozem a good environment for biodegradation process, if they occur in order to optimize the factors that control the bioremediation process. Without the application of pedo-ameliorative measures to stimulate biodegradation and specific return as state of land before the pollution occurrence, would occur very slowly, self-cleaning process requiring unacceptable periods of time.

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crude oil, case study, Braila county, petroleum fractions, polluted soil.

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF REQUIRED TIME FOR EMERGENCE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGAR BEET pag. 166-170

Branko Marinković1, Jovan Crnobarac1, Goran Jaćimović1, Dragana Latković1, Duško Marinković2

Sugar beet belongs to the most productive crop. It produces high yields, which is also very energy rich (sugar). Therefore this plant species is often calls "queen of the field" as it has high requirements for environment condition. In these studies, we research the influence of the time from planting to emergence from different planting dates on percentage of field emergence and roots yield per plant at harvest time. There were four next planting date: 1) March 20-25, 2) March 26-31, 3) April 10-15 and 4) April 20-25. Number of days from planting to emergence, on average was 14, 15, 14 and 8 respectively for first, second, third and fourth planting dates. The average root weight at harvest ranged from 795 g (fourth planting date) to 1106 g (first planting date). In the same planting date root yield also varied. In the first planting date this variation were from 800 g to 1232 g per plant (the last and the first day of the emergence) and in the least planting date from 510 g to 778 g per plant.

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sugar beet, planting date, emergence, root yield

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN RATE ON OCCURRENCE OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT ON SOME WHEAT VARIETIES DURING 2013 IN SERBIA pag. 171-177

Danijela RADUJKOV, S. MAŠIREVIĆ, R. JEVTIĆ, Mirjana LALOŠEVIĆ, N. STAJKOVIĆ, Jovana VUJIČIĆ

Fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases on wheat which can cause numerous types of Fusarium genus. The most significant species that causes Fusarium head blight in USA, Canada and Europe is F. graminearum. The consequences of infection by Fusarium head blight are different, but the most common are: reduced yield, physiological and physico-chemical changes of grain and grain mycotoxin contamination. The aim of this study is to test occurrence of natural infection by Fusarium head blight depending of varieties, applied amount of nitrogen (0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha) from fertilizer of ammonium nitrate (AN 33-35% N) and depending of seeding rate (300 grains/m², 500 grains/m², 700 grains/m², 900 grains/m²). Experiment was set up on Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Serbia, on chernozem soil group. The study included 10 current and perspective varieties of winter wheat and triticale, which were created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Occurrence of Fusarium head blight was tested during the vegetation growing season 2012/2013 on nine winter wheat varieties (Arabeska, NS 40S, Zvezdana, NS Desetka, NS Avangarda, NS Futura, NS Ilina, Emina, Enigma) and one triticale variety (Odisej). The evaluation of the intensity of occurrence of infected ears was performed in phenophase of milk and wax maturity of wheat grain. The obtained results were statistically processed in the program Statistica 12 by using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. Tested varieties had low average number of infected ears by Fusarium head blight on area of Rimski Šančevi during 2013. Out of ten tested varieties, the highest average number of infected ears had Zvezdana (6.0) and the lowest variety Odisej (1.3). A higher level of correlation between the number of infected ears by Fusarium head blight and seeding rate was established at NS Futura variety. That indicates an increase of the number of infected ears with increasing seeding rate. Different amounts of the applied nitrogen for wheat top fertilization showed different effects to the occurrence of Fusarium head blight. The highest average number of infected ears is established at variety Zvezdana with 50 kg/ha of the applied nitrogen from fertilizer of ammonium nitrate. By increasing amounts of nitrogen, the number of infected ears increased at varieties NS 40S, NS Desetka, NS Futura and Enigma.

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Fusarium head blight, seeding rate, fertilization

Presentation: oral

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FIRST REPORT OF ACREMONIUM CHARTICOLA (LINDAU) W. GAMS ON RAPESEED SAMPLES IN STORAGE DURING 2012 IN SERBIA pag. 178-181

S. MAŠIREVIĆ, Melita FELDEŽDI, Marija ŠKRINJAR, Sunčica KOCIĆ-TANACKOV, Danijela RADUJKOV

Last years in Serbia rapeseed is being grown on much bigger areas than before. In our country it belongs to the category of crops whose time will come. The objective of this study was to investigate fungal infestation of different rapeseed genotypes (20) as it follows: Banaćanka, Slavica, Branka, Ilia, Kata, Nena, NS-I-31, NS-I-32, NS-I-33, NS-I-101, NS-I-102, NS-I-126, NS-I-128, NS-I-129, NS-I-134, NS-I-136, NS-I-137, NS-I-138, Jasna and Zorica. Rapeseed genotypes were grown on the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Samples were collected during the storage. Cultivation of rapeseed samples and isolation of fungi were done by use of two media: potato dextrose agar (PDA) and filter paper (FP). Incubation was carried out at 25 ºC for 10 days. Isolated fungi were classified into five genera and nine species (Acremonium charticola (Lindau) W. Gams, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenweber & Hochapfel, Phoma macrostoma Montagne, Penicillium chrysogenum Thom, P. citrinum Thom and Penicillium rugulosum Thom). The first evaluation of mycopopulations was performed 7 days after setting of the experiment. The second evaluation was performed 5 days after the occurrence of fungi on seed and the third followed 10 days after it. The results were statistically analyzed by the program STATISTICA 12. It was found that the highest share in mycopopulations isolated on PDA and FP had Acremonium charticola and Aspergillus flavus. The last one is known as a producer of aflatoxins and some other toxic metabolites. Other species occurred at a significantly lower intensity. It is the first report of Acremonium charticola on rapeseed in Serbia.

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rapeseed, mycopopulations, Acremonium charticola, Aspergillus flavus

Presentation: oral

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SCREENING OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL STRAINS FOR THEIR EFFICIENCY IN BIOCONTROL OF MYCOTOXIGENIC CONTAMINANTS OF FOOD pag. 182-190

Gabi-Mirela MATEI(1), A.MATEI(2), S.MATEI(1) (1)National RD Institute for Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Environment (2)UASVMB, Faculty of Biotechnologies, Bucharest, Romania Bd. Marasti 61, Sect.1, cod 011464, Bucharest, Romania E-mail: mirelamatei61@yahoo.com

Abstract: The goal of the present paper was to present the results of the research carried out for selecting the most efficient bacterial or fungal strains against certain mycotoxigenic contaminants of vegetal food products in order to use them as biological control agents. Generally, the presence of moulds in foods is associated with decay, spoilage and in certain cases with poisoning, due to dangerous fungal metabolites well-known as mycotoxins. In agriculture, the mycotoxin problem is results of a series of events started from the field, due to fungal infestation of a host plant during the vegetation cycle and the effect are found at the end of the chain, in food and feed. Inappropriate preservation of food during storage can lead to mycotoxin contamination with severe effects on human health. After discovering in 1960 the aflatoxins, carcinogenic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus, research showed that a large number of fungal species could form mycotoxins (e.g. a variety of Fusarium species can release mycotoxins of the class trichotecenes, zearalenone and fumosins). For the screening purpose, a series of lactic acid bacteria selected from fresh or fermented vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbages, from cereals, as well as fungal isolates from cereals, fruits and rhizosphere were tested for their antagonistic effect on the mycotoxigenic fungal species belonging to genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, contaminants of fresh and preserved fruits, vegetables or cereals. Adapted dual culture technique was employed for testing the antagonism between lactic acid bacteria and mycotoxigenic fungi on MRS agar medium and between non-mycotoxigenic and mycotoxigenic fungi on Czapek agar medium. Bacterial and fungal extracts from liquid culture media were used on paper disks method to assess the inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium mycotoxigenic species. The paper presents original photographs of the Petri dishes with visible inhibition zones around bacterial extracts from lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, as well as from fungi belonging to genus Trichoderma when interacted with mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium. Lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma spp. and Myrothecium verrucaria showed important antagonistic effect against mycotoxigenic Aspergillia and Fusaria. They can also be useful for including in biotechnological methods of food preservation.

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Key words: antagonistic effect, fungi, inhibition zone, lactic acid bacteria, mycotoxins.

Presentation: oral

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THE ROLE OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR IN COMMUNICATION TEACHING pag. 191-196

Mirela SAMFIRA, Mirela FĂRĂGĂU- DRAGOȘ

Communication Training is one instrumental, with direct involvement in the educational process. The main goal is to produce a change among pupils / students through the process of teaching and learning, a model of their communicative capacity building. Verbal communication plays a role in cognitive development and educational achievement and has a role, but what really mediates success is the appropriate nonverbal communication.

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Communication, Communication Training, nonverbal behavior, teaching-learning process.

Presentation: oral

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PRE-SERVICE STUDENTS’ ASSESSMENT OF TEACHING METHODS IN DIFFERENT SUBJECT AREAS pag. 197-204

Mirela SAMFIRA , Mirela FĂRĂGĂU-DRAGOȘ

This paper is a “scan” of students’ satisfaction regarding the teaching methods used in different subject areas. The fact that the subjects (undergraduates) enrolled in the Psycho-pedagogical module makes us believe that their choices are well funded and that they understand why a teacher chooses certain teaching methods and not others that seem easier to apply but that are less effective. To measure the satisfaction level, we used the Likert scale with five level items. Statistical processing shows that the teaching methods most appreciated are Debate, Experiment, Problematisation, and Application, while the less appreciated are Lecture and Programmed instruction.

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Communication methods, Exploration methods, Efficacy

Presentation: oral

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SPECIES DIVERSITY OF PHYTOCOENOSES FROM THE MAIN WETLANDS IN TIMIS COUNTY pag. 205-214

Alina, NEACȘU, G.-G., ARSENE, Ilinca, IMBREA, Alma, NICOLIN, F., FAUR

The study presents an overview of the cormophyte diversity that constitutes the aquatic and paludicolous phytocenosis of the main wetlands (as surface) from Timis County: Surduc, Liebling, Pişchia and Sânandrei (meanwhile, the lake was drained). Their vegetation has been the subject of a doctoral thesis ( NEACŞU, 2008). Number of surveys (phytosociological) on which this summary is made is 134, and the plant associations (sensu COLDEA et al., 2012) are 29. Of these, seven are aquatic and paludicolous 22. Number of phytocenoses sampled from each association vary by occupied area and uniformity, ranging from 1 (e.g. associations Lemno minoris - Spirodeletum W. Koch 1954, Agrostidetum stoloniferae (Újvárosi 1941) Burduja et al., 1956, Alopecuretum pratensis Regel 1925) to 15 (e.g. association Caricetum ripario - acutiformis Kobenza 1930). As specific diversity variables are presented per surveying the number of species, number of species per association, the number of species per sampling site. It appears that aquatic phytocoenosis are monospecific, consist of a small number of species, while the paludicolous, have higher species diversity due to the fact that in their floristic composition, there are other species that come from proximity accumulations. Number of species per surveying is between one (e.g. association Najadetum minoris Ubrizsy 1948, 1961) and 18 species (e.g. association Polygono hydropiperi - Bidentetum Lohm. 1950). Number of species in aquatic associations is between 1 (e.g. association Najadetum minoris Ubrizsy, 1948, 1961) and 6 species per surveying (e.g. association Polygono - Potametum natantis Soó 1964). Number of species, in paludicolous phytocoenoses associations varies from 3 (e.g. associations Schoenoplectetum lacustris Eggler 1933, Rubo - Salicetum cinereae Sonasak 1963 - survey of 2) to 18 species (e.g. association Polygono hydropiperi - Bidentetum Lohm. 1950). The total number of cormophyte species is 285, highest diversity occurring in the Pischia (170 species). Among the remarkable species in terms of nature conservation, Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Philcox, is listed as species of Community interest requires strict protection. Species with low frequency are Peplis portula L., Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roemer et Schultes, Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz, Najas minor All., Oenanthe banatica Heuffel (all found only in Surduc). Some of that, whose existence is endangered, are part of high conservation value habitats.

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wetlands, cormophyte, species diversity

Presentation: oral

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CHARACTERISTIC BARIC STRUCTURES AT 500 MB ASSOCIATED WITH DANGEROUS METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA IN SOUTH WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 215-221

C. NICHITA , Iuliana Anca VASILACHE , V. D. MIRCOV , SPOMENCA PETRICI

The dangerous weather phenomena considered in this study (regardless of whether damage occurred or no) have been reported by weather stations from Caras-Severin, Timis, Arad and Hunedoara county, pluviometric or hydrological stations and intervention reports of inspectorate for emergency situations units or from media presentations. Cases analyzed overlay the period between January 2002-March 2013 and covers characteristic weather phenomena both to the warm (torrential rain, hail, squalls or convective strong winds) and cold season (hoar frost, glaze ice).These phenomena, depending on their intensity, area of the events or other considerations (for exemple the existence of a previous rain period) were warned at national or regional level through warning messages in different colour codes.

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atmospheric circulation, baric centers, dangerous weather phenomena.

Presentation: oral

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BIODIVERSITY, SPATIAL AND CONSERVATION STATUS ASSESSMENT ON ALLUVIAL GALLERY-FORESTS WITHIN THE NATURA 2000 SITE CHEILE NEREI-BEUȘNIȚA pag. 222-232

NICOLIN, A.-L., NICULESCU, M., IMBREA, I.-M., ARSENE, G.-G., BĂDESCU, B., BĂRBOS, M.-I., FILIPAȘ, L.

Riparian broad-leaved forests are one of the most wide-spread type of plant community in temperate and boreal Europe; concurrently, they are classified as Natura 2000 habitat type 91E0 * Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae), which encompass more habitat sub-types (sensu EUR 28) and various plant associations (sensu PHYSYS-Palearctic, DEVILLERS et al., 2010). In spite of their floristic heterogeneity, these forests, even those patches without red-list indexed or annex-indexed species, play a great role within both semi-natural and agricultural landscapes (ecosystems services, aesthetic value, migration corridors etc.). We present the results of field studies conducted between April 2012 and October 2013 in the Cheile Nerei - Beușnița National Park (Caraș-Severin County, S-W Romania), which constitutes (with minor changes in their spatial limits) also a Site of Community Importance (ROSCI 0031) and a Special Protection Area for birds (ROSPA 0020); from a biogeographical point of view, Cheile Nerei-Beușnița belongs to Romanian continental region. Within the studied area, the habitat 91E0* occupies mainly the Nera valley, but also the valleys of smaller rivers: Miniș, Bei, Beușnița, Șușara, Lăpușnic, Valea Mare. The tree species that define this habitat are Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, and Salix sp.; the herbaceous layer is diverse (Angelica sylvestris, Aegopodium podagraria, Equisetum sp., Stellaria nemorum, Telekia speciosa etc.) and discontinuous. According to the Romanian habitats system (DONIȚĂ et al., 2005, 2006, GAFTA & MOUNTFORD, 2008), the vegetation we identified could be classified within types R4401, R4402, and R4405. As main threats we catalogued anthropic actions both on river bed (e.g. D01.01, D01.02, E03.01) and riparian vegetation (e.g. B06). A specificity of this habitat in Cheile Nerei-Beușnița is the significant ingression of species from proximate habitats (9180*, 91K0, 91Y0). The conservation status is unadequate, on most patches. The future management plan of the site should consider this habitat as one of the more impacted by the tourism development (rafting, cycling, traffic etc.), giving the high potential of Nera Gorges and Sasca Montană area (ZOTA, 2012); SCHRÖTT, prior to 1972, recorded degradation signs (ruderalization) in Salicetum albae-fragilis, Salicetum triandrae, Salicetum purpureae, and Aegopodio-Alnetum coenoses on Nera and Bei. A map with the habitat 91E0* in the studied area is provided.

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Natura 2000, Cheile Nerei-Beușnița, alluvial forests, habitat, 91E0, conservation

Presentation: oral

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IN VITRO CULTURE OF RED CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L.) AND ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) ON NITROGEN FREE MS MEDIUM pag. 233-239

Niste Monica, Roxana Vidican, I. Rotar, Rodica Pop

Legume seed and forage species are valuable feed plants that have been providing significant contributions to agricultural and animal production. In vitro culture of plant cells, tissues or organs on a medium containing selective agents offers the opportunity to select and regenerate plants with desirable characteristics. The technique has also been effectively utilized to induce tolerance which includes the use of some selective agents that permit the preferential survival and growth of desired phenotypes. For this study we chose two varieties of Trifolium pretense L. (Select 2 and Rotrif) and two of Medicago sativa L. (Mihaela and Mădălina). Healthy seeds were selected for in vitro germination on agar medium and then transferred to nitrogen-free MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium to compare the growth rate between clover and alfalfa and which species resisted better on this medium. The biological material taken under study consisted of four varieties and for each variety was analyzed 30 seeds and was transferred into tubes passed into the growth chamber. First, the seeds were sterilized and then the germination rate of the four varieties studied was monitored. Rotrif variety had the highest rate of germination followed by Mihaela alfalfa variety. After three days from the inoculation, the seedlings formed were transferred to MS medium without nitrogen and also the growth rates were analyzed and what variety resist better on this medium was established. Between the four varieties there is no difference, however, the best development during the entire period was in the case of Rotrif variety, followed by cultivar Select 2. A slight increase was observed in Mădălina variety but as a general conclusion both varieties of red clover have resisted better than those of alfalfa.

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in vitro, red clover, alfalfa, seed, germination, medium

Presentation: oral

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QUALITY MONITORING BY PHYTOREMEDIATION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS USING A MATHEMATIC MODEL pag. 240-243

MICULA LIA1, LUCIAN NIŢĂ1, ANTOANELA COZMA1, NARCIS BĂGHINĂ1, NICOLETA ŢIRA 2, MARCUS SCHNEEMANN1

The mathematical model presented highlights those features of the object of modeling which, on the one hand, informational, and on the other hand, accept mathematical formalization. To determine the specific mathematical model monitoring, the application manages measured data, obtained parameters and its structure. Determination of structure and parameters of nonlinear models generally can be done interactive. Developed mathematical models specific of monitoring will be called in the process of determining the optimal decision. The application takes the limits concerning land evaluation standards. Outputs will be measured and graphically display through model results and their difference also.

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mathematic model, phytoremediation, nonlinear parameter

Presentation: oral

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STUDY REGARDING USING OF MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS TO AMELIORATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND pag. 244-248

MICULA LIA1, ANTOANELA COZMA1, NIŢĂ LUCIAN1, NICOLETA TIRA1, MARCUS SCHNEEMANN1

The soil is closely correlated with the geographic position of the region, through configuration, nature and the structure. Soil quality depends on the formation and protection of surface water sources and groundwater. The soil is closely correlated with the geographic position of the region, through configuration, nature and the structure. Soil quality depends on the formation and protection of surface water sources and groundwater. Economic fertility (anthropogenic) of soils occurs as a result of modifying human activities. In this hypothesis, the links found and the hypothetical ones between components of the object the study can be described using mathematical relations: equations, inequalities, formulas Symbolic mathematics is one of the most convenient ways to describe quantitative and qualitative properties of the surrounding world.

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economic fertility, descriptive equations, nonlinear equations

Presentation: oral

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AGROECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN THE NATURE RESERVE ALÚVIUM ŽITAVA pag. 249-257

Jaroslav NOSKOVIČ, Alena RAKOVSKÁ, Jana PORHAJAŠOVÁ, Terézia ČERYOVÁ

Agricultural activity permanently affected ecosystems – agroecosystems are particularly in terms of ensuring of nutrition for human society, very important functional units of the biosphere. Represent economically important organisms and their environment. Very often are surrounded by natural ecosystems, which are usually very closely linked. Although their relationship is two-sided, agroecosystems can induce not only reduce the heterogeneity of the country but also may affect the biodiversity of the surrounding terrestrial and aquatic habitats. In order to assess the impact of agricultural activities on the water quality characteristics, as well as on the biodiversity and the structure of communities of aquatic organisms, we carried out sampling of water from six sampling sites at regular quarterly intervals, 24 water samples was collected, in the year 2007 in nature reserve Alluvium Žitava, located in the southwestern part of Slovak Republic, in the geomorphologic unit of Podunajská rovina,. As the basic biological material we used organisms of macrozoobenthos living at the bottom of the aquatic habitats. This group of individuals is an important indicator of water quality, based on their species and numerical representation can be evaluated the water quality of monitored biotopes. Analysis of samples of water we obtained 9626 individuals, deterministic as 111 species of fourteen systematic groups of invertebrates. Of them, the largest proportion in the structure of benthic macrozoobenthos had Gastropoda (23.87%), Isopoda (12.20%), Ephemeroptera (10.72%), Heteroptera (9.41%), Coleoptera (8.73%), individuals of family Chironomidae (8.50%) and Diptera (7,56%). The species with the smallest proportion in the structure of zoobenthos of monitored wetlands (ranging from 4.45% to 1.66%) included representatives of systematic groups Oligochaeta, Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Trichoptera, Hirudinea, Odonata and Turbellaria. The most of species that formed monitored community of aquatic organisms belongs to the good indicators of water quality. Therefore, not only based on the structure of community of macrozoobenthos but also based on the calculated saprobic index (Si), the water which is used by this community as their habitat corresponds to β-mezosaprobic zone, slightly polluted water. Between sampling sites the significant differences in the quality and purity of water was recorded, even not only in the numerous represented of benthic fauna. Some differences in representation of species were observed, because each of the representatives of zoobenthos has different requirements for water quality characteristics. Despite this, agriculture fertilizer application, spillage of the oil substances and their floating could result in deterioration of water quality of monitoring wetlands and thus the structure and biodiversity of benthic invertebrates.

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Slovak Republic, Alúvium Žitava, agroecosystems, water, zoobenthos

Presentation: oral

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CONCENTRATION ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN A WATER FLOW IN THE SOUTHWESTERN PART OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC pag. 258-263

Jaroslav NOSKOVIČ, Alena RAKOVSKÁ, Mária BABOŠOVÁ, Jana PORHAJAŠOVÁ, Terézia ČERYOVÁ

In the years 2005-2010 concentrations of organic substances in the water flow Čaradice brook were evaluated. For their determination we used an indirect method based on the oxidation of organic matter by potassium dichromate, which is known as chemical oxygen demand by potassium dichromate (CODcr), which are oxidized almost all organic substances contained in the water. The watercourse springs in the mountains of Pohronský Inovec in the southern foot of Drienka hill and it is the right tributary of the Hron River, into which mouth near the village Kozárovce. Its length is 11.1 km. Samples of the water in a longitudinal profile of the watercourse were carried out from six sampling sites, on a regular basis, in the second decade of the month. The places of taking samples were localized to include all real sources causing the pollution of watercourse. Seasonal regularity of dynamics of concentrations of organic substances during the whole monitored period is not reflected. The average concentration of CODcr in the monitored period ranged from 56.55 (2005) to 66.48 (2006) mg O2 dm-3. For the whole period represented value of 64.11 mg O2 dm-3. Depending on the time of sampling the lowest average concentration for the whole monitored period in winter were recorded, with a minimum value in February (57.08 mg O2 dm-3). The highest average concentrations in summer were found, with maximum value in July (72.64 mg O2 dm-3). Increase of values of chemical oxygen demand in the summer period is probably related to increasing water temperature, accumulation of organic matter and its intense microbial decomposition. Effect of sampling sites was as significant as the influence of the month. The highest average value for the whole monitored period was in sampling sites situated near Čaradice village (61.33 mg O2 mg-3) and Kozárovce village (61.71 mg O2 mg-3), which can be considered as major source of organic pollution of water by sewage waste water. The second most significant increase near the water reservoir was found. Can be assumed that the increase in the values of CODcr in that sampling site is probably related to the release of organic matter from sediment in the water reservoir, into which they got from the basin of the water flow. In the regulation of the Government of the Slovak republic No. 269/2010 Coll. the recommended value for CODcr is 35 mg O2 dm-3. Calculated values of 90-th percentile (P90) of this indicator in all sampling locations were higher than the recommended value of government regulations.

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organic substances, Slovak Republic, water flow, water quality.

Presentation: oral

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ASSESSMENT OF BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F.SP. TRITICI ATTACK ON DIFFERENT ROMANIAN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES pag. 264-269

PARASCHIVU MIRELA, COTUNA OTILIA, PARTAL ELENA, PARASCHIVU M.

Powdery mildew of wheat caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici is one of the most common diseases of wheat which occurs on temperate area. Previous findings emphasized that according with severity and time of attack Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici reduces supply of photosynthesis on leaves, decreases leaf assimilation index, negatively affects yield components and finally the grain yield. The pathogen attack was evaluated on twenty-five winter wheat varieties under natural field conditions during the year 2010-2011. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. Disease rating was visually recorded using the double-digit scale (00-99) on the growth stage 9-ligule of flag leaf just visible (Freekes scale).There were also calculated for each wheat genotype the attack frequency (F%), the attack severity (I%) and attack degree (AD%).The attack degree value ranged between 2,8% for Dor variety and 12,4% for Gruia variety. Among the most affected varieties were also Simnic 30, Delabrad, Noroc, Magistral, while a better assessment to the pathogen attack was recorded by Crina, Romulus and Dor varieties. According with crop stage and pathogen attack severity, the extend of yield losses can be predicted mathematically and it was observed that during 2010-2011 conditions the occurrence of the attack on the stage ligule of flag leaf just visible didn’t influence significantly the yields, aspect emphasized also by the negative correlation coefficient between attack degree and yield level (r=-0,3258).The highest yields were recorded by the varieties Trivale (6277 kg/ha) and Europa (6230 kg/ha), while the lowest yields were recorded by Noroc (4187 kg/ha) and Briana (4029 kg/ha). Despite Gruia variety recorded the highest attack degree on the conditions of 2010-2011 year, its yield was 6027 kg/ha leading to the conclusion that it could has tolerance to that attack of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, but this needs further investigation on the higher infection pressure levels on the years more favorable for this pathogen development.

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pathogen attack, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, powdery mildew, yield, winter wheat

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF SEEDS TREATMENT ON THE CEREALES PRODUCTION pag. 270-276

Elena PARTAL , Mirela PARASCHIVU, Otilia COTUNA

Researches show that the crops may be affected when using untreated seed and the production may decrease by 15-20 % and can even be compromised by association with other factors. From these researches, results the necessity of treating of seeds with fungicides and insecticide as appropriate, especially in monoculture. Protection of winter crops starts with seed treatment that will protect seed and seedlings until 30 days after sowing, the period in which plants are sensitive to attack by pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of seeds treatment with products certified on the cereals production based on planting dates and varieties. The seed treatments have determined the increasing of production with the 10-55% and quality indices by 3-5%, with variations depending on the type of treatment. In the experience were followed all the other technological links and experimental data were statistically processed.

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seeds treatment, yield, quality, wheat, triticale, barley

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CONSUMER NECESSITIES VERSUS PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS SEEN FROM THE RECYCLING PERSPECTIVE pag. 277-282

Gabriela Popescu

The general implications of the social and economic tendencies in the nutrition, diet and health sector can be summarised in the following words: quality, information, convenience, diversity, availability, health, safety and the environment. Food processing and packaging systems must be adjusted permanently to preserve the balance of consumers’ needs in certain production sectors

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: consumer, necessities, packaging, recycling

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INFLUENCE OF AGROECOSYSTEMS ON BIODIVERSITY OF CARABIDAE IN THE NATURE RESERVE OF ALÚVIUM ŽITAVY IN THE SOUTHWESTERN PART OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC pag. 283-289

Jana PORHAJAŠOVÁ, Alena RAKOVSKÁ, Jaroslav NOSKOVIČ, Mária BABOŠOVÁ,

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of species of the family Carabidae (Caleoptera), which are an important component of biocenosis and also take the place of bioindicators of environment. Biological/Epigeic material was drawn by the earth traps method, during the three years 2006-2008. Earth traps were exposed during the growing season in four selected sampling sites, on the locality of Nature Reserve Alúvium Žitava, which cover an area of 32.53 ha. Altitude is 111-121 m above sea levels. We obtained total of 9 315 ex of epigeic individuals. These were represented by 27 epigeic groups. Dominant were Collembola, Acarina, Formicoidea and Larvae. Monitored order Coleoptera was represented by 1 096 ex, what representing 11.76% representation of the whole set. Within the Coleoptera families were determined with the dominant representation of two families Staphylinidae (27.55%) and monitored family Carabidae (26.92%). The presence of other families, for example: Cryptophagidae, Dermestidae, Silphidae, Chrysomelidae etc. constitutes less than 5% and subdominant respectively recendent representation was recorded. After analyzing the family Carabidae (295 ex) 33 kinds were determined, including seven dominant species (two eudominant): Poecilus cupreus (L.) 12.54% representation, Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer) 10.17%, Carabus granulatus (L.) 9.49%, Pterostichus antracinus (Illig.) 9.49 %, Pterostichus melanarius (Illig.) 7.46%,Carabus violaceus (L.) 6.10%, Platynus dorsalis (Pontopp.) 5.08% representation from the group/family Carabidae. Representation of the other species was at less than 5%, ie subdominant level representation. It was a kind Calathus fuscipes (Goeze), Bembidion lampros (Herbst), Pterostichus niger (Schall.), Stomis pumicatus (Panz.), Amara aenea (De Geer), Calathus melanocephalus (L.), Diachromus granulatus (L.) a Harpalus politus (Dej.), and again from Carabidae. Following other species and lower degree of dominance was eleven species, represented only by 1-2 individuals. In terms of frequency of occurrence of the most frequent species were Pseudoophonus rufipes and Poecilus cupreus, which are characterized by wide ecological valence and with other species belonging to the families with a strong bond to the environment. The two dominant species we can evaluate highly significant dependence on rainfall, temperature and year. Based on the calculated index of diversity, can be stability of Nature reserve, despite the fact that is in farmland, assessed as stable, calculated diversity index 2.8709 is evidenced. From the calculated values it is obvious, that the habitat is functional in terms of self-regulation and has remarkably homeostatic capabilities.

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agroecosystem, biodiversity, Carabidae, Nature Reserve, Slovak Republic

Presentation: oral

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DYNAMICS OF OCCURRENCE OF DOMINANT SPECIES PSEUDOOPHONUS RUFIPES (DE GEER, 1774) AT HORDEUM SATIVUM, VAR ANNUA AND HORDEUM SATIVUM, VAR. BIENNIS pag. 290-296

Jana PORHAJAŠOVÁ, Jaroslav NOSKOVIČ, Alena RAKOVSKÁ,

Agroecosystems represent specific biotopes compared to natural biotope, the presence of Zoocenosis individuals; especially their quantitative and qualitative composition significantly indicates the state of the environment. An important part of the agrozoocenosis is family Carabidae. Its major role is that Carabidae species act as natural enemies of harmful insect in agriculture. One of the dominant species occurring within agroecosystems is a species Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer, 1774), which acts as a generalist and its occurrence reaches automatic dominant representation. The study was realized at Dolná Malanta (Slovak Republic) within the polyfactorial field experiment, two growth crops: spring barley (Hordeum sativum var. Annua) and winter barley (Hordeum sativum var. Biennis) in conventional farming systems. The site is located at an altitude of 175-180m above the sea. The soil type is brown soil and territory belongs to the categories of high-producing soil. Epigeic material by the earth traps method was obtained. During the five-years period within the spring barley 4182 individuals (exemplars = ex) were obtained, belonging to the family Carabidae, it representing from the whole set 66.32% representation. Within the winter barley 4859 ex were obtained, belonging to the families Carabidae, which was 71.00% representation. Biological material was determined on the lowest systematic unit - species. From the above mentioned values was dominant species Pseudoophonus rufipes represented in spring barley 1961 ex. And within the winter barley 2568 ex. Dynamics of its occurrence was in spring barley: 1st year – 351 ex, 2nd year – 1057 ex, 3rd year – 441 ex, 4th – 0 ex, 5th – 112 ex. Maximum incidences reached in second year, which was satisfactory in terms of climatic conditions. Occurrence in winter barley was as follows: 1st year – 605 ex, 2nd year – 832 ex, 3rd year – 931 ex, 4th – 84 ex, 5th – 116 ex, with a peak incidence in the third year. Based on the above can be winter barley evaluated as crop with more satisfactory topical and trophic conditions. Dominant representation showing even species Pterostichus melanarius (Illig., 1798), which recorded in spring barley incidence 320 ex (12.58% representation) and in winter barley 146 ex (5.11% representation). Occurrence of other species was only at the level of subdominant, recendent respectively subrecendent representation, i.e. occurrence of less than 5%. Based on the calculated of species identity according to Jaccard is similarity of species composition for both monitored variants identical to 68%.

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Carabidae, Pseudoophonus rufipes (De Geer, 1774), Hordeum sativum, var. Annua, Hordeum sativum, var. Biennis

Presentation: oral

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THE CONSERVATION OF SOME PROTECTED SPECIES IN RUDARIA CANYON AREA pag. 297-304

F. PRUNAR, Silvia PRUNAR, Ana-Maria CORPADE, Carmen SORESCU, Alma NICOLIN

The Eftimie Murgu village, known by its old slave name Rudăria is famous due to his biggest Mulinologic Complex from South-East of the Europe and due of the Rudăria Canyon presence. The value of the zone was increased in 2007 when was declared the firsts Romanian Sites of Community Importance (SCI), part of the network Natura 2000 near Eftimie Murgu village being established ROSCI 0032 Cheile Rudăriei. The study carried out in 2013 in the protected area ROSCI 0032 Cheile Rudăriei on invertebrates, amphibians and reptiles. Although the protected area occupying only 300 hectares, the observations showed that the national or community interest species are more than those for which was founded the protected area. The area is stretched along the Rudăria Valley, the meadow being flanked either by sunny slopes with shrubs and barren areas which form the canyon in their lower part, either by forests with narrow and shaded valleys. This geographical diversity favor the presence of various habitats despite the restricted surface of the area. Besides the two species mentioned in sit (Austropotamobius torrentium Schrank, 1803 -priority species and Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758-IUCN vulnerable status in Word and near threatened in Europe) was identified another six species: three beetles (Cucujus cinnaberinus Scopoli, 1763, Morimus funereus Mulsant, 1863 and Carabus variolosus Fabricius, 1787), two butterflies (Nymphalis vaualbum Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 and Euplagia (Callimorpha) quadripunctaria Poda, 1761) and one dragonfly (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979). As protected herpetofauna in the Rudaria SCI was considered Testudo hermanni and Vipera ammodytes. After the observations and information’s collected, the presence of the Testudo hermanni in this area is doubtful. As new herpetological protected species can be mentioned Bombina variegata and between the species mentioned to the IV Annex of the Council Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC are present Coronella austriaca, Lacerta viridis and Podarcis muralis. Was assessed the conservation status and the major threats for the protected species. Biggest problem for population conservation is the small size of the protected area and reduced number of areas with favourable habitats which will make more difficult the conservation efforts for the protected populations into an area with a limited perimeter.

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ROSCI 0032 Cheile Rudăriei, protected species

Presentation: oral

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BIORHYTMIC VARIATIONS OF HAEMATOLOGIC PARAMETERS IN DOGS pag. 305-311

Olga-Alina RADA1, Adelina PROTEASA2, Mihaela OSTAN1

Abstract: Continuous stress conditions on animal farms and the decreasing efficacy of antibiotics emphasise the necessity of finding new solutions for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Chronobiology can be an alternative solution given the fact that living organisms have a non-specific and specific temporal and functional defence structure that varies in a circadian and seasonal way. The authors assessed the circadian variations of hemoleucogram in dogs in this prophylaxis and therapeutic context. Experiments were made on eight common breed dogs that were sampled blood to produce haematologic parameters, the blood samples were analysed using an automatic haematologic analyser ADVIA 2120 Autoslide. Discrete and mean values in the studied parameters were compared to literature reference values and data were processed statistically using the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney U. Results pointed out the fact that haematologic parameters measured at three different times in the nychtemeron ranged within physiological limits for this species. Haemoglobin content was statistically significantly higher in the morning than in the evening (p<0.05) and higher at noon than in the evening (p<0.05). The mean erythrocyte volume was statistically significantly higher at noon than in the morning (p<0.05) and the mean haemoglobin concentration was statistically significantly higher in the morning than at noon (p<0.001) or in the evening (p<0.001). The mean number of thrombocytes and leukocytes was within physiological limits without statistically significant variations in the nychtemeron. The share of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils did not vary significantly statistically. The share of basophile granulocytes was within physiological variation limits; in the nychtemeron, the values were significantly higher in the morning than at noon or in the evening (p<0.05).

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Key words: chronobiology, biorhythm, haematologic parameters, dogs, therapy

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CONSIDERATIONS UPON SOIL TREATMENT WITH WASTE PRODUCTS ON SOIL FEATURES AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT pag. 312-317

HORTENSIA RĂDULESCU

The paper presents the influence of several nutritive elements available in the composition of two industrial waste products (A,B), on the soil features and plant development . The nutritive supplementation was achieved by treating the soil with different doses of waste products (A,B). These two mineral sources (A,B) comprise in their composition significant contents of calcium and magnesium as well as low contents of iron, copper, manganese and zinc. The experimental alternatives consist of four different doses from each waste product, administered to soil with or without nitrogen supplement. The main objective of this study is to present the influence of waste type and doses on the fertility features of an acid soil and on plant development by pursuing some physiological characteristics of wheat green plants (Triticum). The higher additional magnesium contribution, administered to soil by waste product B, generates some important alterations in soil and plant characteristics. The pH values rise, soil reaction turns from low acid to low alkaline. The magnesium content increase by 2-16 %, in soil tilled with wheat, while in presence of nitrogen, the magnesium content of soil was improved by 11-25%. The soil calcium content increases by 2-5%, while nitrogen addition improves the calcium content in soil by 5-19%. A beneficial effect on grain germination was established, improving the number of risen plants; the nitrogen addition increases this number by 100% for green wheat plants. At harvest time, a significant increase of plant size was established, while nitrogen addition increases supplementary their size by 35%. The fresh weight of plants show a considerable increase (79%).The dry matter values are decreasing, once with the rise of the waste doses, while nitrogen addition decreases the dry matter values by 19%. The originality of this paper consists in the use of waste products resulted from the magnesium products industry in agriculture as soil amendment and fertilizer. The importance of this study lies in the fact that, on the basis of the obtained results, a new technology to improve soil quality can be conceived by specifying the suitable dose, usage manner and application frequency of the tested waste products. The usefulness of the study is represented by the utilization of large amounts of waste, obtained from the magnesium compounds industry, as fertilizer and amendment for low fertile soils.

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waste products, waste doses, soil amendment, soil features, plant characteristics

Presentation: oral

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WASTE MANAGEMENT AS A FERTILIZATION SOURCE IN AGRICULTURE pag. 318-324

Rădulescu Hortensia

This paper presents the effects of magnesium supplementation by two industrial waste types on the development and nutrition of oat plants. Both waste types tested resulted from the magnesium products industry, namely as waste-product and as crusts deposited on the industrial equipment. These two residual magnesium sources also include precipitated calcium carbonate together with low contents of solid impurities, like iron, copper, manganese, zinc and nickel. An important difference between the two mineral sources mentioned consists in their double magnesium content, one compared to the other. The effects of an acid soil amendment by four different waste doses and magnesium contents, with and without nitrogen contribution were studied on oat plants using the two mentioned waste types. From the results obtained, higher contents of residual magnesium improves the size of the oat plants, which were taller. Nitrogen addition increase some physiological characteristics of oat plants. A higher magnesium contribution increased the phosphorus and potassium plant content and their calcium and magnesium content, too. The calcium and magnesium plant content was visibly improved by nitrogen addition. Most of the trace element uptake is positively influenced by a higher magnesium support; their content in the oat plants also increased due to the additional nitrogen. Green oat plants grew taller once with the increase of the waste dose. Adding nitrogen, an obvious increase of the plant size was established. The nitrogen supplement makes the plants more vigorous having a higher fresh weight and dry weight for all the experimental alternatives. The altering of dry matter was increasing for the alternatives without nitrogen treatment and decreasing for those with nitrogen addition. Soil treatment with different doses of the two industrial waste types generally had a positive influence on plant development and nutrition, increasing their essential and trace elements content. Nitrogen addition improved the uptake process of nutritive elements, raising their level in the oat plants. The originality of this paper consists in the use of waste as fertilizer in agriculture. The importance lies in the fact that a new fertilizing technology can be conceived on the basis of the obtained results. The usefulness of this study is represented by the possibility of using large amounts of industrial waste, obtained from the magnesium products industry, as nutritive elements source.

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residual magnesium products, fertilizing doses, nutritive elements content, oat plant vegetation characteristics

Presentation: oral

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SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES pag. 325-331

Gh. ROGOBETE, Adia GROZAV, R. BERTICI

Plate tectonics can explain the occurrence and formation of the entire catalogue of geological phenomena. There are intimate connections between air and water, and scientists tend to treat them as a single system. Earth’s geological history is a many – leaved volume, written by erosion, layer by sedimentary layer, in silt and sand on the ocean floor. Not all sands end up neatly stacked in wind – hewn dunes: up to a billion tons are blown into the atmosphere and scattered across the globe, every year, reaching Europe and of course Romania. Riding the trade winds, Saharan sand storms can cross the entire Atlantic, clouding the skies of Miami and even delivering mineral nutrients to the Amazon. In Romania, sand deposits are found on 400,000 ha, predominantly in Oltenia province (170,000 ha). On the west of Romania sands occur on 16,895 ha. But it is necessary to underline, that a great area with sand deposits are widely distributed under soil profiles. The research is based on some pedological studies effectuated in Romania, especially in the west part of the country by the authors of this article. When water or air flows over a bed of loose particles, the boundary shear stress tends to initiate particle movement. By fluid, sediment is transported in two distinct ways: in “suspension” (clay, silt, sand), and in “saltation” (sand particles). Wind blowing aer dry sand, initiates movement in much the same way as water. The result is that sands moved by air tend to be well sorted and also well rounded. In addiction, tectonic structures, like in Pannonian Sea, are often identical with syn-depositional structures. In the hilly zone, named Dealurile Lipovei, we present a soil profile – Luvosol stagnic (WRB – Stagnic Luvisols) bistratified, with A-El-Bt horizons, between 0 cm and 78 cm, and C horizon composed from sandy deposit with silt (23-24%) and clay (11%). The minerals which were found as new are epidote, zoisite, tourmaline and staurolite. They proceed from volcanic ash. The non-resistant minerals (biotite, hornblenda) changes with depth, whereas that of the quartz, feldspar and muscovite, remains nearly constant. The heavy resistant minerals present in the upper part of soil profile indicate stratification. In moderately weathered soils, the clay content and clay minerals are highest at the surface soil (0-60 cm) and disappeared in the sandy material (60-120 cm). There is a good correlation between the kind of clay minerals and the amount of rainfall or drainage conditions. Low rainfall and weak drainage, expandable minerals predominates(60-76%).

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Erosional sedimentary, Depositional sedimentary, Aeolian processes, Alteration of minerals

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THE OPINIONS OF AGRICULTURE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS REGARDING THE SKILLS PROFILE OF THE TEACHER pag. 332-337

Iasmina Cecilia SAVESCU, Narcisa Georgeta CRISTA

The focus of this research paper is to identify/contour the prerequisite skills profile of any teacher in the view of undergraduate students majoring in Agriculture from the perspective of the multifarious roles a teacher should embrace in the context of the Romanian educational system. In the context of current educational environment and the skills approach, the professionalisation of the teacher becomes necessary and compulsory in order to obtain a quality instructive-educational process. The prospect of a modern educational system liable to innovation and curriculum reforms is also guaranteed by the quality of the teaching staff, whose competencies are formed and profiled alongside teaching and continuous formation experiences. During the study, we have construed the obtained information subsequent to applying a questionnaire to the students enrolled in the psycho-pedagogic module programme. The results regarding the positive qualities of the ideal teacher and the roles entailed by him/her in school were interpreted by the students through brainstorming. Thus, the most important knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that make up the ideal teacher were elicited by the students. As a consequence, the skills profile of the teacher was depicted, the study contributing to the students’ attaching value to the importance of professional training and identification of personal needs in the psycho-pedagogic formation.

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professional competences, teacher professionalisation, education quality

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WEED INFESTATION DYNAMICS OF WINTER WHEAT FIELDS IN SOUTH-WESTERN SLOVAKIA pag. 338-344

Jozef SMATANA – Milan MACÁK

The field trial was conducted at the experimental farm Kolíňany (south-west Slovakia) in 1999-2010. Experimental farm is situated in warm and moderate arid climatic region with altitude of field from 180 to 310 m. The average annual rainfall is 580.0 mm. The average annual rainfall during the growing season is 320.3 mm. The mean annual temperature is 9.6˚C. The mean temperature during growing season is 16.3˚C. The soil is Orthic Luvisol with loamy texture with different thickness of humus layer (from 0.23 to 0.45). Winter wheat was growing on minimum 10 large scale field range from 30 to 50 ha. An actual weed infestation was evaluated before application of post emergent herbicides and 3-4 week after application of herbicides and third evaluation just before harvest with concordance to International scales of EWRS. Screening of each field was made on the quadrant of 1 m2 area by counting method with four replications. The four randomly established sample quadrants were situated minimally 20 m from field margin and apart each other, respectively. The dominant weed species in winter weeds field were as follows: Elytrigia repens, Tripleurospermum perforatum, Cirsium arvense, Galium aparine, Stellaria media Lamium purpureum, Capsella bursa pastoris, Thlapsi arvense, Viola arvense and Fallopia convolvulus, with low to medium infestation level. Total weed density was high. The different level of seasonal dynamics. Mostly in all species generally the declination of infestation level and weed density was noted at the end of evaluation period. The increasing level of infestation was noted by Tripleurospermum perforatum, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum and Capsella bursa pastoris. The higher actual weed infestation was noted in 2003 and 2007. These evaluated years were characterised by wet condition with normal up to warm temperature and spring was characterised by normal precipitation and temperature condition. The changes of active ingredient of herbicides significantly influence the composition of weed flora for instance decreasing of trifluralín support the Stellaria media infestation and Lamium spp. The weed control under threshold level is important also for subsequent crops.

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weeds infestation, winter wheat, weeds, herbicides.

Presentation: oral

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3D LAND MODELLING USING GPS TECHNOLOGY IN BENCECU DE SUS, TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 344-353

Adrian ŞMULEAC, Cosmin POPESCU, Laura ŞMULEAC

This paper aims at developing the 3D land model of Bencecu de Sus, Timiş County, Romania, as a result of land survey. Land survey was done with a Leica GPS 1200 equipment, an extremely powerful instrument, that contains a number of applications. GPS 1200 can be used as either reference or rover for static or kinematic measurements (RTK); it can be used for topographic surveys, tracing, monitoring, and seismic measurements. GPS 1200 receivers are designed to work in the hardest conditions being able to operate in immersions up to 1 m; it is shock proof and vibration proof, it operates on rain, in dust, sand, and snow, at temperatures between -400C and +650C. In this paper, we used the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method for GPS measurements using, for the 3D model of the land, the reference station in Timisoara, Romania, i.e. TIM_2.3. The measuring engine used by Leica GPS 1200 is of the SmartTrack type which reaches satellites in just a few seconds: it is ideal for the areas with obstructions where other receivers cannot reach any position. The antenna used to achieve the work is of double frequency (GX 1230) with SmartTrack and is designed to also support GLONASS signals, GPS L15 signals, as well as the signals of the future European GPS network GALILEO. Leica GPS 1200 uses a keyboard of the QWERTY type, touch screen or common screen and allows direct visualisation of the land survey; it has also available the ZOOM and PAN functions. Data can be exported directly by the GPS 1200 receiver but, for the present paper, data download was done with the Leica Geo Office Combined Programme. The reference system of the GPS is WGS 84 (World Geodetic System 1984) that is defined like the ITRF system of coordinates of the determined land points. Using on an increasingly larger scale of the positioning systems through satellite and of the global systems of mapping through satellite to carry out geodesic works can bring about serious practical difficulties if the results need to be reported to older maps or digital data. The main difficulty consists in turning geocentric data into local data describing old data or vice versa. After downloading, data processing and turning coordinates from ETRS89 into STEREO’70 with the TransDatRO 4.01 application, we calculated the 3D land model with the TopoLT Programme, a programme functioning on the AutoCad platform. Building up a 3D model consists in developing a continuous area through interpolation starting from the field data. Topographic survey, due to the quality of the data provided, is one of the most important methods of acquiring data at local scale and particularly of completing existing datasets with detail data. Using GPS (Global Positioning System) to acquire the data necessary for the development of the Numerical Land Model is a more economic alternative for classical topographic survey.

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3DModel, GPS, ETRS89, STEROGRAFIC 1970, TopoLT, TransDatRO, WGS 1984

Presentation: oral

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TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AT THE SDT KM6 FARM, BUASVM TIMISOARA, ROMANIA (TIMISOARA-ARAD NR) pag. 354-363

Adrian ŞMULEAC, Cosmin POPESCU

This paper aims at presenting the topographic surveys on the Didactic Station Farm of Timisoara, Romania, at the km 6, on the Timisoara-Arad NR. The farm belongs to the Commune of Dumbravita; it has the cadastral number CC49 and it consists, according to the Land Cadastre (no. 4631) of agricultural and zootechnic administrative buildings, greenhouses, silos, warehouses, winter stables, fuel storages, pump house, drill, water plant, concrete platforms, access roads, and courtyard. The total area of the farm is 12 ha and 7138 m2. In 2005, according to the no. 14597 from April 26, 2005, recorded by the A.N.C.P.I.-O.C.P.I. TIMIŞ, Timişoara Land Cadastre Office, it was recorded in the Land Cadastre of the estate according to the Licence no. 1051/2003 issues by the Mayor of the Commune of Dumbravita as follows: in the 1st step, opening a land cadastre with indefinite character for the territory of the Commune of Dumbravita on the grounds of the art. 61 of Law no. 7/1996 where it is recorded in the database as a unitary compulsory system of technical, economic and legal recording system, plot no. CC49, made up of the “SDT Farm located at the km 6 of the Timisoara-Arad NR”; in the 2nd step, they recorded the ownership right on the estate from the public domain consisting of the buildings and terrain described above in favour of the ROMANIAN STATE in 1/1 quotas as “localisation ownership” as stipulated by the GD no. 123/1993 and GD no. 1225/1996; in the 3rd step, they recorded the right “for administration” on the buildings and terrain described above on the grounds of the same legal acts mentioned above in favour of the BANAT’S UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE OF TIMISOARA, for the DIDACTIC EXPERIMENTAL STATION. Topographic survey was carried out with a Leica TC 805 total station and the support points used were GPS-determined with a Leica Geo Office Combined Programme; the resulting files were transformed with DXF Generate, after which the points were reported in AutoCad with a TopoLT Programme. TopoSys is a special geodesic soft that uses modern calculus conception and procedures to solve the geodesic reference of the observations made with total stations or through the GNSS technology. TopoSys encloses all the functions needed to define and use Coordinate Reference Systems according to international Standards with a larger number of Coordinate Systems defined on local or global geodesic data. Inner methods of filtering errors and compensating data through the Smallest Square Method are the result of scientific research in the field, tested on numerous topographic and geodesic measurements on both local geodesic and national GNSS networks. Coordinates were determined in the Stereographic 1970 projection system and point quotas were determined in relation to the Black Sea level. The TopoSys programme system is special software destined for the processing of 1D, 2D, and 3D geodesic networks, to the compensation of observations through statistic methods, to topographic calculus and to coordinate transformation. Reduced observation compensation is done with the Smallest Square Method with correction equations developed through the indirect method. To filer greater errors, we sued the robust (Danish) method and the TAU test to determine the thrust threshold. After downloading, data processing and turning coordinates from ETRS89 into STEREO’70 with the TransDatRO 4.01 application, we calculated the 3D land model with the TopoLT Programme, a programme functioning on the AutoCad platform.

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Farm, 3DModel, GPS, ETRS89, STEREOGRAFIC 1970, TopoLT, TransDatRO, WGS 1984

Presentation: oral

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STUDY CONCERNING WATER QUALITY IN THE BISTRITA HILL AREA, BISTRITA-NASAUD COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 364-369

Laura SMULEAC*, Elena MORA**

Ground waters are currently the main source of drinking water. Their usage is extended given that most people in the rural area use it for food and agriculture. The reason why ground water is used more frequently than surface water is that it is less polluted than the latter, and with lower costs. Unfortunately, the irrational use of chemical fertilisers also degraded ground water quality. As ground water circuit is more restricted, human activities can affect them for longer periods. This means that pollution occurred tens of years ago – be it from agriculture, industry, or other human activities – can still threaten water quality nowadays and it will keep doing it for generations and generations. The heritage of the past is obvious in the sites largely contaminated. In many countries, they appeal to ground waters, but this should be done with great caution. First, the regeneration period of these waters increases with their depth. Aquifers need to be drastically protected from pollution if we wish to avoid turning them into useless water sources. This paper aims at establishing the quality of ground waters in the Bistrita hill area (Bistrita-Nasaud County, Romania) as a source of drinking water. To do so, we sampled water from the wells used for drinking water in the following localities: Bistrița, Budacu de Jos, Josenii Bârgăului, Sângiorz-Băi, Zagra, and Caianu Mare. Water was sampled in 2012 and 2013, and analyses aimed at determining oxygen content, pH, nitrite content, nitrate content, ammonia, chlorine, hardness, turbidity, and bacterial load. Research results established the quality of the ground water in the area and water usages.

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ground water quality, oxygen content, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, chlorine, turbidity, bacterial load

Presentation: oral

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INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPIC ACTIVITIES ON GROUND WATER IN BOLDUR, TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 370-375

Laura SMULEAC, Silvica ONCIA, Anișoara IENCIU, Radu BERTICI, Adrian ȘMULEAC, Vlad MIHĂIESC

Abstract: Water is the most widespread natural resource on Earth: it participates in all physical, chemical, and biological processes. Thus, water is present mainly in the evolution of life on our planet and in the evolution and the continuous change of the terrestrial crust. For the humans, water plays an exclusive role in all economic fields. In these conditions, water should be protected and carefully monitored. Yet, human activities bring about environmental pollution that is increasingly frequent, intense, complex, and long lasting. Pollution has become a serious issue and, as far as ground waters are concerned, it is even more serious, at least for two main reasons: it is the main source of drinking water also used in the food industry and, when polluted, the phenomenon lasts for long periods. If, not long ago, industry was considered the main cause of pollution, rural activities have started to draw specialists’ attention because of their negative impact on the environment. The use of chemical fertilisers in agriculture is an active source of pollution of the water table with ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, phosphorus, etc.; animal farm complexes that release ammonia, urea, sulphured hydrogen, acids, and other substances into the soil add to the pollution. The lack of water treatment plants and the uncontrolled storage of wastes increase the risk of contamination of underground waters. In these conditions, it is necessary to establish the quality of ground waters, to identify pollution sources, and to establish measures to reduce pollution effects. The goal of the paper is to establish the quality of the ground waters in Boldur, Timis County, Romania. The authors monitored it through three drills. Water was sampled in June and November for the period 2010-2012. The main quality indices they determined were content of dissolved oxygen, nitrate content, nitrite content, ammonia content, content of total phosphorus, content of total nitrogen, and chloride content. Results show the type of impact of agricultural works on the quality of ground water in the area.

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ground water, oxygen regime, nutrient regime, impact of anthropic activities

Presentation: oral

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THE INFLUENCE OF PEDO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND TILLAGE SYSTEM ON THE WHEAT AND MAIZE YIELDS ON SOME LAND FROM BANAT PLAIN, MURES-BEGA INTERFLUVE pag. 376-386

A. ŢĂRĂU, V. TABĂRĂ

The research has as purpose the support of sustainable agriculture system, responding to local requirements establishing the scientific data base necessary to support new technologies and develop integrated management measures of agro-eco-systems. The purpose of the research conducted has its origins in current scientific and practical preoccupations increasingly hard to identify and put in place effective integrated management from the agronomic point of view, with low energy and financial efforts, with conservation role for soil and the environment. The results presented are part of the doctoral studies and research (01.11.2011-30.10.2014) having as theme "Relations between ecopedological conditions, financing and productivity of agricultural land in the Banat Plain, Mureş-Bega interfluve" research is carried out simultaneously on experimental field and laboratory. The data in this paper are the result of research conducted in 2011-2013 range, within experiences organized in the field in two locations: Sanandrei and Jimbolia on the land of Soil and Agrochemical Studies Office (OSPA) in Timisoara. At Jimbolia, the experiences are located on a typical chernozem, gleyed weak, proxicalcaric, medium loam / medium clay, dominant in Jimbolia - Bulgăruş plain and representative for a large area of low plain of Banat, as part of Mures Plain. At Sânandrei, the experiences are located on molic reddish preluvosoil, medium clay loam / medium clay loam, dominant in Plain Vinga and representative of a surface significant in Banato-Crisana Plain. This paper provides basic knowledge and methodological elements for the assessment and characterization of natural resources and those induced by the intake of fertilizers. To determine the complex relationships that are established between various soil properties, were undertaken both in our country and in the world, numerous studies that have elucidated a number of mutual causality thereby helping to define soil taxa in terms of both genetic and the fundamental characteristics, in relation to their contribution to the differential productivity and suitability of land for plants. The information obtained will pique the interest of decision-makers, that in the future, the agricultural research and practice with environmental protection, will strive to develop interdisciplinary studies, because it can not speak about a healthy environment without an healthy soil.

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wheat, maize, yield, banat plain, land

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USING PEDOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EDAPHIC COVER FROM TIMIŞ-BÎRZAVA INTERFLUVE pag. 387-394

D. ȚĂRĂU, D. DICU, Delia PÎRȘAN, Liliana BREI, Lica TUTI

To determine the complex relationships that are established between the different soil properties were undertaken, both in our country and in the world, numerous studies that have elucidated a number of mutual causality thereby helping to define soil taxa, both in terms of genetic and the basic characteristics of the differential input relative to their productivity of land and suitability for plants. (Borza et all., 2005, Canarache, 1980, Răuţă,1997, Rogobete et all.1997, Teaci, 1980,1995). In this context, the research undertaken is in the collection, processing and interpretation of soil information for evaluating the quality of the edaphic coat and its origins in current scientific and practical preoccupations, increasingly hard to identify and put in place an integrated management of agro-ecosystems, efficient from agronomic and ecological point of view, with conservative role for soil and the environment. The research consists of the accumulation of scientific data on the development of components of agricultural ecosystems productivity, for providing to the public authorities from in the considered area, the specialized technical support.The investigated area is located between Timis (north), Pogăniş (east), Bârzava (south), border with Serbia (west), agricultural ecosystems identified in the perimeter in area of 119885 ha, of which 107996 ha is agricultural land. The research of the ecopedologic conditions was made according to “The methodology of elaborating of pedological studies”, vol. I, II and III elaborated by the ICPA Bucharest in 1987, completed with specific elements from the Romanian System of Taxonomy of Soils (SRSTS-2012). To achieve the goal of research, were established objectives to identify and characterize the territorial administrative units (ATU) of the studied space: relief, hydrography and hydrology, climate, edaphic resources; Were also intended to identify water resources and how to use them in the investigated area, and qualitative assessment of soil resources, the nature and intensity of expression of natural and anthropogenic risk factors.Objectives and activities on which it proposes this topic falls within the current internationally and nationally concerns of agricultural research and practice for study eco-pedological relations between conditions and productivity of agricultural land.

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soil, quality, assessment, resource, agro-ecosystem

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TYPES OF NEGOTIATION TACTICS pag. 395-402

D TUDORAN

Work methods placing the team in advantage, the rule of small steps onwards or backwards, rules accepted by partners, gestures, mimics, verbal conversation, para-verbal conversation)

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negotiation, tactics, technique

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THE NEGOTIATOR'S PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY pag. 403-411

D. Tudoran, Angela Boglut

Transactional psychology – the activity of an individual or of a team having the purpose to influence a business of the reconciliation of a conflict by any means, irrespective of space, time, personality of the persons from the opposite party or from both parties.

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person, license, coordinator, team, organization

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FACTORS OF PERSONALITY INVOLVED IN ADOLESCENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT pag. 412-416

Tulbure Cristina

The study observes the identification of personality factors which correlate significantly with the adolescents’ academic achievement. The research was performed on a batch of 284 students enlisted in the first year of study, their ages ranging from 18 to 25 years old. The main method of investigation consists on the inquiry based on a questionnaire, with the usage of a personality questionnaire as a research tool. The academic achievement is operationalised by the average of the academic results obtained by students at disciplines studied during their first university year. The determination of the relation between academic achievement and personality traits was realised by the calculus of Bravais-Pearson (r) correlation coefficient value. The analysis and the interpretation of results were made in comparison with four categories of personality factors measured by the applied questionnaire: intellectual factors, temperamental factors, characteristic factors and factors which belong to the Ego manifestations. The results obtained by the statistical processing of data have underlined the fact that a multitude of personality factors correlate with the academic achievement expressed through the mean of the academic results obtained at examinations. Thus, there is a direct correlation, strongly significant (p < 0,01), between the academic achievement and the personality variables which indicate: openness, cooperation; emotional stability, maturity; conscientiousness, conformism; self-esteem; to those there will be added the personality factors which correlate directly, significantly (p < 0,05) with the academic achievement: enthusiasm, spontaneity; uncertainty, anxiety and the secondary order personality factor that indicate the degree of dynamism; also, anxiety proved to be a secondary factor having serious bearings on the academic achievement, as it correlate negatively with the level of results obtained by students. The conclusions of the study may be of real use not only to the researchers in the area of education psychology but and also to the practitioners in the domain of education who, leaving from the knowing the students’ personality can improve the quality of the instructional-educational process, by revaluating the maximum potential of each student.

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academic achievement, personality factors, adolescents

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HOW TO USE THE MODEL OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN TEACHING DISCIPLINES FROM THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES pag. 417-420

Tulbure Cristina , Orboi Manuela Dora

The present study aims primarily at analyzing a learning model that can be successfully applied in higher education when teaching disciplines in the field of agricultural sciences. Secondly, the study has as a purpose the exemplification of modalities in which this model may be applied, mainly in seminar and laboratory activities belonging to higher education. Based on the decisive part of personal experience in the learning process, Kolb has elaborated one of the best known models of experiential learning. In building his theoretical model, Kolb starts from the assumption that learning is a continuous process in which the person’s knowledge and abilities are adjusted and developed according to the nature of experiences in which he or she is integrated. Thus, learning arises from living a personal experience, in which reflection and active experimentation combine. Based on these premises, the author proposes a cyclic model, according to which learning implies progressing through four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. According to this model, the learning cycle begins when the person is engaged in a new concrete experience, which implies interaction with the environment. The following stage, namely reflection, is especially important, as it supposes the observation and the analysis of an existing experience, made from different perspectives. Reflection is considered to be crucial in learning, as it lies at the basis of understanding, which will be completely accomplished during the abstract conceptualisation stage. That is the point where the individual, through analysis and conceptualisation, succeeds in understanding the existing experience and, based on that, he or she is capable to own ideas and to successfully integrate this new knowledge on the context of previously acquired one. Accomplishment during this stage comes as a condition to progressing towards the final moment, that of active experimentation of new income, a moment where decisions are made with regard to ways of action and resolution modalities regarding concrete problems, by performing the transfer of knowledge. As it offers an explanation concerning the processuality of human learning, the model stands as a land mark for the practitioners of university education, towards designing instruction strategies to meet the students’ needs and preferences. In this respect, we think that in order to increase the efficiency of the learning process, within the instructional-educational context, professors may resort to the differentiation of instructional strategies according to the students’ learning styles, as a way to empower the students to learn by using the preferred modalities of perception and processing the information.

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experiential learning, agricultural sciences, learning styles

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EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF CABBAGE PESTS pag. 421-425

Slavica VUKOVIĆ, Dušanka INĐIĆ, Sonja GVOZDENAC, J. ČERVENSKI

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of tau - fluvalinate and lambda - cyhalothrin based insecticides in the control of P. rapae and P. xylostella caterpillars. In the agro-ecological conditions of Vojvodina province (Serbia) (localities Futog and Čurug) the production of cabbage is present every year at vast areas. During 2011, the experiments were performed according to a standard EPPO (PP PP 1/83 (2) 2004) method. The applied preparations are based on tau - fluvalinate (240 g of a.s. /l of the preparation) Mavrik - EW in amount of 0.3 l/ ha, and lambda - cyhalothrin (25 g/l of the preparation) Grom, in the amount 0.4 l/ha. The assessment of pests population abundance was performed before the treatment, two i.e. four and seven days after the treatment. The efficacy of insecticides was determined according to Henderson and Tilton and significance of differences by ANOVA.The average number of P. rapae caterpillars (25 plants/repetition) in Futog site before the treatment was 4.7 - 6.2, after four days it was 0-0.2 and after seven days 0.25-1.25, regardless on the applied insecticides, while the number in the control was 7.7 after four and 10.2 after seven days. Efficacy of insecticides at this site after four days ranged from 96.4 to 100 % and after seven days 89.8 - 97.3 %. At Čurug locality, the number of P. rapae caterpillars before the treatment was 9.7 - 12, while after two and seven days it ranged from 0.5 to 0.75, whereas in the control it was 11.5 after two and 11 after seven days. At this site, two days after the treatment, the efficacy ranged from 93.8 to 95.3 %, and after seven days from 92.7 to 96 %. The average number of P. xylostella caterpillars at locality Futog before the treatment was 13.5 -17.7. Four days after the treatment it was 1.75 - 2.25, and after seven days 1-1.25, while in the control it was 23.0 after four and 27.2 after seven days. At site Čurug before the treatment the average number of P. xylostella caterpillars ranged from 14 to 16.7. Two days after the treatment the average number ranged from 0.75 to 1, and after seven days 0-0.5, regardless on the applied insecticides, while in the control it was 13.0 after two days and 10 after seven days. The efficacy of tested insecticides for controlling P. xylostella caterpillars at Futog site ranged from 87.3 to 92.1 %, after four, and 94.1- 96.2 % after seven days. At Čurug, the efficacy ranged from 92.7 to 95.2 %, after two days and 95.3 to 100 % after seven days. By choosing insecticides based on tau-fluvalinate and lambda-cyhalothrin, in addition to satisfactory efficacy in the control of harmful caterpillars of cabbage, the applied amounts of a pyrethroids, compared to organophosphorus insecticides are far smaller i.e. 79 g and 10 g a.s./ha (respectively).

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Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, cabbage, insecticide, efficacy

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