Rjas

Vol 57, No 3 (2025)

MORPHOMETRIC VARIABILITY OF URBAN POPULATIONS OF THE BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG (HALYOMORPHA HALYS STÅL, 1855) FROM WESTERN ROMANIA pag. 3-11

Diana ARSINE1, Ștefania SAS1, Laura VORNICU1, Ana – Maria VÎRTEIU1*, Ioana GROZEA1

Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), an invasive pest native to Eurasia, has rapidly expanded across Europe, causing significant agricultural losses and becoming a nuisance in urban areas. Its high invasiveness is linked to extreme polyphagy, with over 300 known host plant species, and strong adaptability to diverse habitats. First reported in Romania in 2013, the species is now well established, yet its morphological variation in urban environments of western Romania remains insufficiently documented. This study aimed to analyze the biomorphometric variability of H. halys populations from Timișoara, providing insights into their adaptation to urban habitats. The survey was carried out in the city of Timișoara during the autumn vegetation season of 2025. Adult specimens were collected manually during the 2025 autumn season from ornamental vegetation and building façades. Several morphometric parameters were measured using EduBlue LCD and Optika B-510BF LCD microscopes. A total of 14 morphometric measurements were taken for each individual, covering antennal, cephalic, thoracic, and abdominal traits. Morphometric analysis of urban Halyomorpha halys populations in western Romania revealed pronounced sexual dimorphism, with females consistently larger than males in cephalic, thoracic, and abdominal traits. Preliminary results indicate low but consistent morphometric variability, with body size and structural measurements falling within known European ranges, suggesting morphological uniformity of urban populations in western Romania.

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brown marmorated stink bug, urban population, invasive species, western Romania, morphometric variability

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REDUCTION OF POPULATIONS OF RHAGOLETIS CERASI L. AND MYZUS CERASI F. IN INTENSIVE SOUR CHERRY PLANTATIONS pag. 12-18

ARSINE DIANA SNEJANA DAMIANOV IOANA GROZEA L. MOLNAR ANA MARIA VÎRTEIU

Research on the two pests in cherry orchards shows that the phytosanitary treatments used in control must be supplemented with technology elements through a three-factor analysis, based on the method of subdivided plots, with the crown shape, the cultivated variety, and the planting distances as factors. The crown shape has a significant influence in determining the frequency of attack, which can reach up to 30%, and a degree of damage of up to 80%. Also, the cultivated variety contributes in a percentage of over 30% frequency, and a degree of damage of 10-12%. Studying the influence of planting distances on the mode of damage, we find that in general, small planting distances (4x2) increase the frequency and degree of attack by up to 10%. Compared to larger distances (4x3) and (4x4). The results obtained aim to improve the technology of cherry cultivation in an intensive system, within which the correlation between tree density, cultivated variety and the attack of the cherry fly Rhagoletis cerasi L and the black aphid Myzus cerasi F was also monitored. In order to establish measures to stop the appearance of the pests, the contact insecticide Decis Expert 100 EC (deltamethrin 100 g/l) was used, with action both in the larval and adult stages on the pests in the plantation compared to the untreated control.

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cherry fruit fly, treatment, variety, black aphid, degree of damage

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STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF BARLEY PRODUCTION ACCORDING TO MORPHOLOGY, PROTEIN CONTENT AND HECTOLITER MASS pag. 19-28

AUNGURENCEI Andrei-Constantin1, Simona NIȚĂ1, Ioana HÎNDA1

The main objective of this work is to follow the behavior of varieties and hybrids of autumn barley under the influence of the biological, technological factor. The varieties of barley taken into cultivation are the following: Idyllic, Jup; Melia; SU Ellen; Azrah and Dakota The productive performance of the analyzed barley varieties varied significantly, highlighting a clear influence of genetic potential on yield under local pedoclimatic conditions. The Jup variety has demonstrated obvious superiority, registering the highest production and high statistical significance, which recommends it as an optimal choice for cultivation in the area. Protein content varied between varieties, with no direct correlation between production level and protein quality always observed. This variation suggests that the selection for yield must be balanced with the selection for quality, depending on the final destination of the production (feed, industrial, food). The hectoliter mass, an indicator of commercial quality, recorded good values for most varieties, but the differences between them were statistically significant only in some cases. Varieties with a high hectoliter mass can have a competitive advantage when it comes to recovery. All varieties analysed demonstrated a significant advantage over the Dakota control in terms of ear length, number of spikes and grains per ear, as well as grain weight.

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barley varieties, technology, protein content

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SMART WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE - USING INFOWATER PRO SOFTWARE FOR EFFICIENT IRRIGATION pag. 29-36

Razvan GUI-BACHNER, Laura ȘMULEAC

Abstract. The sustainable management of water resources represents one of the key challenges in modern agriculture, particularly in regions affected by climate variability and declining groundwater levels. Modern irrigation systems require an integrated approach based on geospatial technologies, smart sensors, and predictive models capable of optimizing water use according to the real needs of crops. This article presents the use of InfoWater Pro, an advanced hydraulic modeling platform developed by Autodesk, for the analysis, planning, and optimization of irrigation networks at the agricultural plot level. The integration of InfoWater Pro with geodetic data (GNSS RTK, UAV surveys) enables the creation of a detailed digital model of the water distribution system. This model allows the simulation of various irrigation scenarios, identification of water losses, and evaluation of hydraulic efficiency across different field conditions. The area studied was a plot of land outside the Didactic Station of ULS in Timisoara with cadastral number A369. An innovative aspect of this research is the use of hydraulic modeling to design an optimal irrigation scheme for the studied plot, enabling accurate estimation of water requirements, flow distribution, and related operational costs. By correlating irrigation timing and volume with the phenological growth stages of crops, water can be applied precisely when and where it is most needed, improving efficiency and yield, ensuring both economic optimization and sustainable water management. Preliminary results indicate the development of an intelligent and sustainable water management model for agriculture, with potential applications in both experimental and large-scale agricultural systems.

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Sustainable, water management, irrigation, Infowater pro, reducing consumption, agriculture

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GEOGEBRA 3D CALCULATOR AS A TOOL FOR INTERACTIVE LEARNING METHOD IN GEODETIC ENGINEERING pag. 37-46

Ana Cornelia BADEA, Gheorghe BADEA, Anca Patricia GRĂDINARU, Anca ENE, Daniela RĂBOJ

In this paper we emphasize the usefulness of using GeoGebra and specifically GeoGebra 3D Calculator in the educational process, for first year students, Land Surveying and Cadastre, at the Faculty of Geodesy of the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest. The implementation of this way of teaching in the course Geometric Representations of Topographic Surfaces was initiated two years ago, in a gradual way, in order to support the students to understand well certain concepts. We started with a bibliometric study on this software product, then we showed how we implemented its use in the applied training of students. We have developed as training materials an e-book and a book in classical format, with problems solved both in the classical way and as examples using the software. These approaches have led to better results in the learning process, as well as to a more active involvement of the students during the application classes. Supporting classroom problem-solving with experienced applications significantly improves students' problem understanding. GeoGebra fosters a collaborative learning environment through group investigations, conjecture-sharing, and alternative solution discussions. This helps students develop essential critical thinking, communication, and teamwork skills. Additionally, GeoGebra aids formative assessment; interactive applets allow educators to track students' reasoning processes. Experience in the Geometric Representations course shows GeoGebra motivates learning mathematics overall and reduces anxiety for first-year students. Students became more self-critical of their work, questioning their errors in problem-solving and gaining the opportunity to visually identify those mistakes

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GeoGebra 3D Calculator; augmented reality; technology enhanced learning; Geodetic Engineering; dynamic geometric software; open source software; 3D visualization

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CLOUD AND SNOW DETECTION AND MAPPING ALGORITHM USING FY-3D MERSI SATELLITE DATA pag. 47-54

Alina Corina BĂLĂ1, Floarea-Maria BREBU2, Ioan-Sorin HERBAN3, Clara-Beatrice VÎLCEANU4

Monitoring the distribution of clouds and snow cover is essential for climate, hydrological, and natural hazard management studies. This paper presents a Python-based algorithm for the automatic extraction and mapping of clouds and snow using satellite data acquired by the MERSI sensor onboard the FY-3D platform. The methodology relies on processing visible, near-infrared, SWIR, and thermal infrared spectral channels, combined with the computation of spectral indices such as the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI). The algorithm applies combined spectral thresholds (red and NIR reflectance, brightness temperature, and NDSI values) to separate the target classes: clouds (white) and snow (blue). The results are exported as colored rasters (GeoTIFF) and vectorized into interoperable formats (GeoJSON, KML) for GIS applications and visualization in Google Earth. The implementation integrates spatial interpolation of geolocation data, polygon simplification, and automatic legend generation. Tests carried out on FY-3D datasets have demonstrated the method’s effectiveness in distinguishing between cloud-covered and snow-covered areas, with strong potential for extension toward near real-time operational monitoring. The proposed approach combines algorithmic simplicity with the flexibility of integration into geospatial processing workflows, providing a practical tool for climate, agricultural, and water resource management applications. The findings highlight the relevance of using Chinese FY-3D sensors for regional and global monitoring, as well as the importance of developing open, reproducible, and adaptable algorithms for diverse satellite data sources.

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remote sensing, FY-3D MERSI, NDSI, cloud-snow detection

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ASSESSMENT OF MAIZE HYBRID PERFORMANCE AND RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION INFLUENCE ON YIELD UNDER WESTERN ROMANIAN CONDITIONS (BOGSIG, 2024) pag. 55-63

Ionuț BĂTRÎNA, Ștefan Laurențiu BĂTRÎNA, Denisa Cristiana HETEA*

The present study examines the combined influence of genetic and climatic factors on maize yield under the agroecological conditions of Bogsig, Romania, during the 2024 growing season. Eleven maize hybrids representing various FAO maturity groups were cultivated under uniform technological conditions to evaluate the effects of genotype and rainfall distribution on grain productivity and harvest moisture. Over the last century, maize cultivation technology has undergone profound transformation, shaped by genetic progress, technological innovation, and climate adaptation. Genetic improvement remains the foundation of yield advancement. Considerable yield variability was recorded among the tested hybrids, ranging from 4,406 kg ha⁻¹ for SY Pandoras to 9,835 kg ha⁻¹ for SY Atos, revealing a yield amplitude of 5,429 kg ha⁻¹. This variability underscores both the genetic potential of the studied materials and the risk associated with selecting hybrids insufficiently adapted to water-limited environments. The analysis highlights the strong influence of rainfall distribution on yield formation, with summer drought exerting a significant negative impact on less tolerant hybrids. Conversely, drought-resilient genotypes demonstrated superior stability and productivity under the same environmental stress. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of hybrid selection as a key adaptive strategy for sustainable maize production in regions facing increasing climatic variability. The study provides valuable insights for optimizing hybrid choice to enhance resilience and productivity under changing rainfall regimes typical of continental agroecosystems.

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maize, hybrid performance, rainfall distribution, yield stability, drought stress.

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OPTIMIZING LEARNING THROUGH SELF-REGULATION, METACOGNITION AND MEMORY TECHNIQUES IN LIFE SCIENCE HIGHER EDUCATION: A THEORETICAL-DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS pag. 64-71

Viorica BOACĂ, Codruța GAVRILĂ, Alina DRAGOESCU-PETRICA

The purpose of this article is to analyze and integrate the most effective self-learning strategies, metacognitive approaches and mnemonic techniques applicable in higher agricultural education. In the current educational context, marked by increased autonomy, digitalization and diversification of cognitive styles, students are increasingly responsible for managing their own learning process. The specialized literature highlights the role of self-regulation in improving academic performance, motivation and adaptability (Zimmerman, 1989; Panadero & Järvelä, 2015), while metacognition supports deep learning and knowledge transfer (Veenman et al., 2006). Mnemonics, although often underused in academia, have demonstrated effectiveness in memory consolidation and information retrieval (Bellezza, 1981; Levin, 1993). The study adopts a theoretical-descriptive methodology, based on the analysis of recent scientific articles in the field of Life Sciences and cognitive education. The selected pedagogical strategies were grouped into three main thematic categories: (1) self-regulation of learning in applicative contexts, (2) metacognition in interdisciplinary agricultural learning and (3) mnemonic techniques adapted to Life Science content. In addition, a transversal category was analyzed - the synergies between these strategies and pedagogical applications - to highlight their integrative potential in the formation of an autonomous and reflective Life Science student profile. Each technique is presented with the theoretical foundation, the cognitive mechanisms involved, and practical applications in Life Science university education. The study proposes an integrative approach, combining self-regulation, metacognition and mnemonics in a coherent pedagogical framework. In this sense, the results highlight the synergistic potential of these strategies in shaping an autonomous, reflective and efficient student profile.

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self-regulation of learning, metacognition, mnemonic techniques, Life Science higher education, reflective educational strategies

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SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL COVER AND PEDOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PERIMETER OF TEREMIA MARE LOCATION, TIMIȘ COUNTY: DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND IMPACT ON LAND USE pag. 72-82

M. BRADEA*, Simona NIŢĂ*, Magdalena Cristina IMBREA ** , Daniel ȚIGRIȘ ***L. NIŢĂ*

This paper delves into a comprehensive evaluation of the soils within the specified region, aiming to elucidate their diverse nature and pedological attributes. Through meticulous mapping and classification, the study identifies a dominant presence of chernozem, accounting for 73.05% of the area's surface, alongside other soil types like eutricambosol, gleiosol, and solonetz. These soil types are intricately influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Elements such as the region's relief and climate, coupled with human activities like drainage and irrigation, play a pivotal role in shaping and evolving these soils. The analysis conducted on the soils of Teremia Mare is critical in evaluating their agricultural suitability, thus shaping strategic land use planning in agriculture and forestry sectors. The paper underscores the pressing need for sustainable management of soil resources, especially when faced with contemporary challenges linked to environmental conservation and the drive for enhanced economic efficiency in land utilization. In conclusion, the research highlights the urgency of adopting effective agricultural practices and informed land use policies. Such measures are essential to safeguard natural resources, ensuring that their use aligns with the principles of sustainable development. The findings emphasize that the future of the region hinges on implementing strategies that balance environmental conservation with economic growth, ensuring the longevity and health of its soil resources.

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soil diversity, pedological characteristics, sustainable use, land planning

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ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE DYNAMICS AND PREDICTION OF CHANGES THROUGH GIS TECHNIQUES. CASE STUDY pag. 83-93

Florina BURESCU, Loredana COPĂCEAN, M.V. HERBEI

The paper evaluates land use dynamics and spatial development trends in Tauț commune (Arad County) by applying modern geomatic methods and geospatial databases. The research is based on a comparative analysis of Corine Land Cover (CLC) data for the period 1990–2018 and on predictive modeling of possible changes up to the year 2035, using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) module within the TerrSet environment. Morphometric (altitude, slope) and accessibility factors (distance to roads and settlements) were integrated in order to capture the influence of physical-geographical conditions on land use conversions. The results indicate a general trend of expansion of arable land (+158%) and grasslands (+23%), alongside a reduction of agricultural land with natural vegetation (−56%), shrub vegetation (−61%), and wetlands (−53%). The forested area remained stable, with a slight increase (+4%), while projections for 2035 suggest spatial stability of the landscape, with moderate expansion of productive land. Overall, the study highlights a process of controlled anthropization, in which agricultural land use expands without disrupting the general ecological balance, demonstrating the importance of GIS applications and spatial modeling for analyzing and predicting territorial dynamics. These findings provide a valuable scientific basis for local and regional land management policies aimed at ensuring sustainable rural development and environmental protection

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land use; GIS; Corine Land Cover; spatial modeling; prediction

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS UNDER THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN PLAIN OF ROMANIA, 2025 pag. 94-98

Petru-Aurel CHIRILĂ1, Ioana-Alina Hînda* ,Denisa-Cristiana Hetea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of several winter wheat cultivars grown under the pedoclimatic conditions of the Western Plain of Romania during the 2024–2025 growing season. The experiment was carried out on a clay-loam chernozem soil, including three cultivars (Glosa, FDL Miranda, and Pitar) arranged in four replications under a uniform crop management system. Fertilization consisted of applying the complex fertilizer 16-48-0 (32-96-0) and urea (92 kg N ha⁻¹). Throughout the vegetation period, climatic conditions were favorable, with evenly distributed rainfall and moderate temperatures. The results showed that the average grain yield ranged from 7100 to 7500 kg ha⁻¹, with grain moisture between 9.2% and 10.0%. The FDL Miranda cultivar achieved the highest yield (7500 kg ha⁻¹), followed by Glosa (7180 kg ha⁻¹) and Pitar (7100 kg ha⁻¹). Morphological traits indicated a greater plant height for FDL Miranda (92 cm) and a higher thousand-kernel weight for Pitar (46 g). All cultivars exhibited good tolerance to wintering and drought but showed moderate susceptibility to Septoria tritici, particularly FDL Miranda. Overall, the results confirm the adaptability of the tested cultivars to the climatic conditions of the Western Plain and highlight the high productive potential of FDL Miranda.

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wheat, cultivar, yield, morphology, Western Plain, Romania

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MODERNIZATION OF THE LOCAL ROAD NETWORK IN BĂNIȚA COMMUNE, HUNEDOARA COUNTY pag. 99-108

Cioaba Valentin-Marian, Mihaiescu Elena, Nistor Raducu-Alexandru,

This paper presents the modernization of the local road network in Bănița Commune , Hunedoara County , within the context of sustainable rural development . However , the mountainous terrains , geographical conditions , and natural resources of the area pose specific challenges in the process of road modernization , as well as in ensuring the long-term durability and efficiency of these investments ; therefore , road infrastructure plays a critical role in economic and social progress , ensuring accessibility , safety , and quality of life . The project is based on geotechnical studies , topographic surveys , and technical design solutions in accordance with current regulations and standards . Five road sections and vicinal streets, totaling 7. 192 km and connecting to the national road DN 66 ( E79 ) , were modernized. Works included reconstruction of the road structure , foundation stabilization with ballast and crushed stone , asphalt paving , stormwater drainage installation , implementation of safety measures , and construction of a new bridge over the Crevedia stream , along with rehabilitation of the existing structure , intended to contribute to the economic development of the area , to stimulate agricultural , tourist activityn and commercial activity.

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local roads, road modernization, technical design, geotechnical study, rural transport, road safety, sustainable development, socio-economic growth .

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TOPOGRAPHIC AND CADASTRAL DOCUMENTATION FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE NETWORK IN CĂTUNELE COMMUNE, LUPOAIA VILLAGE, GORJ COUNTY pag. 109-117

V. CIOABA1, E. MIHAIESCU1, R.A. NISTOR1, R. HERBEI1, C.M NISTOR1

The present paper focuses on the development of a topographic and cadastral documentation required for the extension of the water supply and sewage network in Lupoaia village, Cătunele commune, Gorj County. The project aligns with the broader objectives of sustainable development and modernization of public infrastructure in rural areas, with the main goal of improving living conditions and ensuring access to essential public services, in accordance with national legislation and European standards. The thesis systematically presents the stages involved in creating the topo-cadastral documentation – from field surveying and geospatial data collection to their processing and digital representation. The topographic surveys were conducted using modern GNSS and total station equipment, and the collected data were integrated into the national Stereographic 1970 coordinate system and processed using TopoLT, AutoCAD, and GIS software. The resulting documentation enabled precise identification of the network’s alignment, delineation of affected properties, and provided the technical foundation for the network extension project. Beyond its technical scope, the work also addresses the administrative, legal, and social aspects related to the approval and implementation of public utility projects. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of digital cadastre and GIS integration in enhancing efficiency, transparency, and sustainability of public infrastructure development. This paper thus demonstrates the essential role of topo-cadastral documentation in the planning and modernization of rural infrastructure.

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topo-cadastral documentation; topographic surveying; water and sewage network; GIS; Stereographic 1970 coordinate system; ANCPI; AutoCAD; rural development; public infrastructure; geospatial data

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NUTRITIONAL PROFILE ASSESSMENT OF RED ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) – PRELIMINARY RESULTS pag. 118-124

Bogdan COZMA, Iasmina Madalina ANGHEL, Casiana MIHUT, Adalbert OKROS, Antoanela COZMA

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetables cultivated and consumed worldwide, being appreciated both for its culinary role and for its health benefits. The specialized literature shows that onion has a high nutritional value, being a source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, simple carbohydrates and bioactive compounds (flavonoids, polyphenols, sulfur compounds). The red variety is distinguished by a higher content of anthocyanin pigments and flavonoids, which give it superior antioxidant properties and a sweeter taste than white onion. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the basic nutritional composition (proximate composition) of a red onion variety available and sold on the local agri-food markets. Preliminary determinations included analysis of moisture, ash, protein, lipid, fiber and carbohydrate content. The results obtained: 10.37-10.89 % moisture, 3.54 - 4.06 % ash, 2.65 - 3.29 % protein, 1.38-1.98 % fat, 6.52 - 7.64 % fibers, and 71.63 -74.93% carbohydrates, show the analyzed red onion samples contain principally minerals, carbohydrates, modest amounts of moisture and fibers and low amounts of protein and fats. These results confirm the role of red onion as a food with moderate energy value but with an important contribution to dietary fiber intake. These data support the nutritional potential of red onion and propose the use of red onion powder as a natural additive in food with added value or as an alternative source in animal feed ingredients. Thus, red onion is not just a variant of the regular onion, but a valuable food due to its contribution of bioactive compounds and sensory qualities, which recommends it as an important component of a balanced and healthy diet.

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red onion, proximate composition, nutritional parameters

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INTEGRATING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND PYTHON BASED WORKFLOWS FOR BUILDING FOOTPRINT EXTRACTION pag. 125-137

George CRISTIAN, Sorin HERBAN, Carmen GRECEA, Clara – Beatrice VÎLCEANU, Andreea Diana CLEPE

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become important tools in modern geospatial data acquisition, enabling rapid and high-resolution mapping of urban and rural environments. This paper investigates the efficiency of UAV-based photogrammetry and Python based workflows for extracting building footprints in areas with high buildings density. The primary objective is to assess how using Python based algorithms in data processing influences efficiency and precision in deliverables in comparison to human operators. Despite the maturity of UAV photogrammetric techniques, the extraction of vector features from derived datasets remains a bottleneck in urban mapping workflows. This research focuses on optimizing the feature extraction stage, particularly building footprint vectorization, by integrating Python-based automation into the workflow. The proposed approach streamlines the transition from processed photogrammetric datasets to structured geospatial outputs, reducing labor and costs. This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating photogrammetric data with automated Python-based feature extraction algorithms, providing a reproducible and scalable solution for urban and rural mapping. Results demonstrate that automated workflows can significantly reduce processing time while maintaining comparable accuracy to manual vectorization. The deliverables generated through this workflow, especially updated orthophoto plans, can be directly used by local authorities for a wide range of applications including urban planning, infrastructure management, cadastral updates and tax collection. The study highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date geospatial data for informed decision-making and efficient governance.

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UAV Photogrammetry, Building Extraction, Python, Urban Mapping, GIS

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EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) pag. 138-147

Csont Ramona1, Simona NIȚĂ1, NIȚĂ Lucian Dumitru1

Increasing wheat production, despite climate change and the limitation of available resources, is a necessity in the context of increasing world consumption. The wheat breeding programs in Romania have continuously aimed to launch superior varieties, which meet the farmers' requirements. The research carried out between 2023 and 2024 led to important results both theoretically and practically regarding this crop. The two-year study, marked by significant climatic deviations, aimed to evaluate the behavior of five wheat varieties under various conditions, in order to identify the most productive and stable options for growers. The results obtained highlight a clear variability in the behavior of the tested varieties, emphasizing the importance of agricultural research for substantiating choices in practice. The SOLINDO, SOFRU and FLAVOR varieties offer promising prospects for producers, while SORRIAL and IZALKO require re-evaluations or adaptations in order to be able to effectively face the current climate challenges. Analyzing the protein content, the IZALKO variety stands out for its high values, being suitable for high-quality uses, along with SORRIAL, which exceeds the field average. Varieties with high starch content values (SOLINDO and FLAVOR) suggest better performing genetics or a higher capacity to capitalize on available resources, including climatic and soil factors. The analysis of the sedimentation index for the varieties taken in the study shows that IZALKO has the greatest potential for bakery applications, while the SOFRU and SOLINDO varieties may be less favorable for uses requiring a higher quality gluten.

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Varieties, yields, protein, starch, sedimentation index

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LANGUAGE EDUCATION – BRIDGING THE HUMANITIES AND LIFE SCIENCES pag. 148-157

Andreea DRAGOESCU-PETRICA, Alexandra IBRIC, Marius Robert LUNGU, Alina MARGHITAN1

The paper seeks to provide answers and arguments in support of the following questions which may function as working hypotheses: What are the major contributions of the humanities (language education, in our case) in modulating cultural dynamics in mixed intercultural classes and within society at large? How can we as language educators enable students in the life sciences to better integrate seemingly disunited aspects of their learning across their fields of study? How can we help learners achieve optimal socio-linguistic interaction within sustainable learning communities, according to the fullest human potential? The main interpretations and points raised by eco-linguistics and bio-semiotics assist us in our aims, as well as in evidencing the relational aspect of both cultural and natural living systems. Also, we aim to help students in the life sciences better perceive that nature is pervaded with meaning, communicative and collaborative aspects, as well as an inexhaustible range of relational patterns that go from the molecular level up to the cultural scale. This paper explores the contributions of language education to modulating cultural dynamics in intercultural contexts, enhancing interdisciplinary learning in the life sciences, and fostering sustainable, communicative communities that align with the human potential for cooperation and empathy. Drawing on eco-linguistics and biosemiotics, the study situates language as a medium through which humans can re-establish relational coherence with both culture and nature.

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ESP, language education, didactic strategies, teaching, humanities, life sciences

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, CRITICAL THINKING, AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS pag. 158-163

Carmen-Simona DUMITRESCU, Liliana MIRIANICI, Anka PASCARIU, Diana MARIN, Iasmina IOSIM

In this study, the authors explore the intricate relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI), critical thinking, and students’ educational development. The research examines how AI technologies influence students’ ability to think critically, solve problems, and make informed decisions in academic and real-world contexts. The study begins by reviewing the main concepts that define AI and its growing role in education, particularly how intelligent systems are reshaping learning environments. The authors analyze the essential elements of AI literacy, emphasizing skills such as understanding algorithms, interpreting data outputs, and evaluating ethical implications. A central focus of the paper is the connection between AI and critical thinking, exploring how the integration of AI tools in classrooms, that is more and more present, can either enhance or challenge students’ reasoning and analytical skills. The study identifies specific aspects of AI that support students’ ongoing education and career preparation, suggesting that exposure to AI-driven systems can encourage deeper inquiry, adaptability, and problem-solving capabilities. The results of the article analysis reveal that natural language processing (NLP) is the most frequently examined aspect in this context. NLP’s role in education—through chatbots, automated feedback, and language analysis—demonstrates how AI technologies can foster personalized learning experiences while promoting critical engagement with information.

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artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence literacy, critical thinking, university students

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EFFICIENCY OF NUTRIENT UPTAKE FROM FERTILIZERS ENHANCED BY BIOSTIMULANTS pag. 164-171

Alecsia-Timeea DUȚĂ1, Karina CSONTI1, Alina LAȚO1, Adina BERBECEA1, Isidora RADULOV1

Improving nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a major challenge in modern agriculture due to the environmental and economic drawbacks of excessive fertilizer use. Biostimulants—such as humic substances, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and microbial inoculants—are gaining attention as sustainable tools to enhance nutrient uptake and crop performance. This review synthesizes recent findings on the synergistic effects of biostimulants when integrated with conventional fertilizers. It addresses prevailing nutrient management challenges, categorizes major biostimulant types, elucidates their mechanisms of action, and evaluates factors influencing their effectiveness. These compounds act through diverse mechanisms, including stimulation of root growth, modulation of hormonal pathways, enhancement of rhizosphere microbial activity, and improved nutrient solubilization. Evidence from field studies indicates that co-application of biostimulants and fertilizers significantly improves absorption and assimilation of macro- and micronutrients, leading to higher yields, better nutritional quality, and increased stress resilience. However, variability in responses across crops and environments, coupled with the absence of standardized application protocols, limits widespread adoption. Key factors influencing biostimulant efficacy include crop genotype, growth stage, soil properties, climate conditions, and formulation type. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, developing precision application strategies, and establishing regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and effective use. Overall, biostimulants represent a promising approach to complement traditional fertilization, reduce nutrient losses, and advance climate-smart, sustainable agriculture.

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Biostimulants, nutrient uptake, fertilizer efficiency, plant growth, sustainable agriculture, humic acids, microbial inoculants

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THREATENED PRIMATES OF THE DJA FAUNAL RESERVE (CAMEROON):DIVERSITY,ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION ISSUES-A LITERATURE REVIEW pag. 172-181

: Emmanuela Theresa EDZIMBI1, Silvia PRUNAR1

Abstract. This paper explores the ecology and conservation issues of five threatened primate species inhabiting the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon: the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), central chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes), drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus), mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx), and white-collared mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus). The main goal is to assess their ecological status and identify key conservation challenges affecting their long-term survival. A descriptive analytical method was applied, combining literature review, field survey reports, and conservation data from international organizations such as UNESCO, IUCN, and the Zoological Society of London. The study reveals that although the Dja Reserve is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Central Africa’s most important protected areas, its biodiversity remains under threat from illegal hunting, habitat loss, weak law enforcement, and limited funding. Findings emphasize that the success of conservation initiatives depends largely on strengthening anti-poaching measures, increasing the conservation budget, and providing regular training for eco-guards and management personnel. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of environmental education and community participation in promoting sustainable resource use and reducing dependence on bushmeat. While constrained by limited recent field data, the study’s novelty lies in integrating ecological, socio-economic, and governance perspectives to propose actionable, context-specific solutions. The implications are significant for policymakers and conservation practitioners seeking to enhance biodiversity management and ensure the long-term protection of primate populations within the Dja landscape and across Central Africa.

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primates, Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon, endangered species, biodiversity, conservation, Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Colobus satanas, Cercopithecus preussi, and Mandrillus sphinx.

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ASSESSING MODERNIZATION AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS IN THE VEGETAL SECTOR OF ROMANIA. A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES pag. 182-191

Firtala Gabriel

The modernization of agriculture represents a key dimension of Romania’s economic transformation and convergence within the European Union. This paper analyzes the structural and performance dynamics of the Romanian vegetal agricultural sector during the last two decades, compared to selected EU countries. Using official statistical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, Eurostat, the study evaluates the evolution of agricultural areas, crop yields, production value, and gross value added in the vegetal subsector. Descriptive and comparative methods were applied to highlight the main structural changes and modernization trends influencing productivity and economic efficiency. The analysis also explores the relationship between technological investments, land consolidation, and agricultural output as indicators of modernization. The results indicate that, although Romania has maintained a strong position in cereal production, significant gaps persist in mechanization, technological input, and value creation compared to the EU average. The findings point to a slow but consistent process of structural convergence, supported by European funding instruments and national rural development programs. These processes have facilitated the modernization of farm management and resource allocation. The study concludes that the Romanian vegetal agricultural sector is undergoing a gradual transformation from an extensive production model toward a more competitive, capital-intensive, and technology-driven structure, reflecting the broader trajectory of agricultural modernization in Eastern Europe.

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modernization, vegetal agriculture, structural transformation, productivity, Romania, European Union.

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ACCURACY OF MOBILE GNSS APPLICATIONS FOR CADASTRAL SURVEYING: COMPARISON WITH RTK pag. 192-198

Cristian-Dieter GOLDA1, Floarea-Maria BREBU2, Alina Corina BĂLĂ3

This paper evaluates the accuracy of mobile GNSS-based applications for cadastral area measurements, compared to professional GNSS RTK determinations using a Trimble R10 receiver with ROMPOS corrections. Three Android applications – GPS Fields Area Measure, Maps Area and Distance Calculator, and Mapulator – were tested on a Motorola Edge 40 Neo smartphone under typical field conditions. The study aimed to assess whether such mobile solutions can provide sufficiently reliable results for practical surveying tasks. Comparison with RTK reference measurements revealed deviations between -0.2% and +2.4%, with the most accurate results obtained using Maps Area and Distance Calculator due to its digitization workflow based on an orthophoto map. The applications relying solely on the internal GNSS chip showed slightly larger fluctuations, reflecting the influence of satellite geometry, signal quality, and device positioning. From a geodetic perspective, mobile applications are suitable for preliminary survey stages, quick estimates, land parcel approximations, and general field orientation. However, they cannot replace classical cadastral or engineering methods because of inherent limitations such as the lack of differential corrections, sensitivity to multipath effects, satellite coverage dependency, and operator-related errors during digitization. Mobile GNSS apps offer practical and accessible solutions for non-specialists, yet their use in technical, professional, or legal contexts requires caution and proper validation. Future research could focus on testing performance in dense urban environments, agricultural parcels with irregular shapes, and exploring possibilities for integrating mobile measurements with professional GIS and cloud-based mapping platforms to enhance data consistency and usability.

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cadastral surveying, mobile GNSS applications, positioning accuracy

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MODERN GEODETIC METHODS USED FOR FIELD DATA ACQUISITION AND GIS INTEGRATION FOR BUILDING EXPERTISE pag. 199-208

Ioana-Andreea, GOTHARD; Georgeta, PETRAȘCU, Răzvan Alexandru, GHERASĂ; Adrian, ALIONESCU

The paper analyses the issue of registering buildings in the land register, considering the complexity of situations arising from their construction without full compliance with the authorization framework or with deviations from the approved documentation. It highlights the main particularities of the registration process, influenced by the time of construction and the degree of conformity with the legislation in force. The study addresses both the legal dimension, by presenting the relevant regulatory framework and the solutions provided by current legislation, as well as the technical dimension, through the use of modern topographic surveying and photogrammetric methods. It also highlights that for buildings erected without a construction permit, but for which the sanctioning term has expired, legalization may be achieved on the basis of a technical expertise. A practical case study illustrates how these instruments can substantiate the required documentation, ensuring both the accuracy and the reliability of the data. The integration of GIS provides a unified framework for recording buildings, by correlating cadastral and legal data with the actual field situation. Orthophotoplans obtained from UAV flights can be overlaid with information from the electronic eTerra system, which manages land registers and cadastral plans, thus facilitating the identification of buildings without legal documentation. Such a system would support both institutions and citizens, in a manner similar to systematic registration processes, although its implementation requires significant financial and logistical resources. The conclusions emphasize the importance of complying with legal procedures and using modern geodetic technologies to integrate buildings into the legal circuit, thereby contributing to the strengthening of real estate security and to a more efficient management of the built heritage.

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land register, building registration, technical expertise, GIS, UAV photogrammetry, orthophotoplan

Presentation: oral presentation

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INTEGRATING 3D LASER SCANNING & UAV TECHNIQUES FOR ROAD BRIDGE INSPECTION pag. 209-218

Athanasios iliodromitis, Iraklis Daramouskas, Antrei Deligiannis

The inspection of transportation structures is a necessary project for ensuring the public safety. Nevertheless, it is demanding and time-consuming procedure. Recent years, the evolution of measuring techniques and equipment allow faster data collection, minimal traffic disruption, and detailed detection of structural damage and the pathology of the constructions, e.g. microcracks as small as 0.1 mm. Given the number of the vehicles that cross road infrastructures annually, systematic monitoring is important to maintain their operational safety. This study presents the creation of a digital twin (DT) of a bridge, located on the Athens–Corinth highway, a major transportation axis of Greece. The methodology integrates terrestrial 3D laser scanning with aerial protogrammetry from a UAV. After processing the acquired data, a highly detailed digital twin of the bridge was produced, enabling thorough technical inspection and identification of structural pathologies. The field measurements, data processing, and generation of the final digital model are described thoroughly. The results show that combining terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry, a reliable digital twin of a bridge can be produced and furthermore use it for its inspection. This, not only improves the accuracy of defect detection, but also this approach enhances long-term monitoring, facilitates condition assessment, and supports maintenance strategies.

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Laser Scaner, UAV, Digital Twin, Bridge inspection, Construction pathology, Crack detection

Presentation: oral presentation

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON DIET AND CANCER PREVENTION pag. 219-228

Maria-Daniela, IONESCU1, Nicoleta IANOVICI2

We know a lot about how diet influences cancer risk, but turning that into personalized, evidence-based recommendations is difficult due to genetic variability, microbiome differences, lifestyle and environment, clinical evidence gap. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the role of diet in the prevention and evolution of cancer among students and academic staff from the Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography (CBG) at the West University of Timișoara. The research instrument consisted of a structured questionnaire with 33 items, adapted from a previously proposed model, and organized into three sections: Knowledge (true/false and multiple-choice items), Attitudes (Likert scale), and Practices. Data collection was carried out online in June 2025, ensuring anonymity and informed consent. The data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Most respondents acknowledged the essential role of nutrition in cancer prevention and management; however, specific information regarding the diets discussed in the literature was less familiar, which suggests the need to integrate nutritional education into the training of future biologists and biochemists. The level of knowledge and attitudes remains comparable between students and teachers. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between students and academic staff only with respect to dietary practices.

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Fasting and Caloric Restriction (CR), Mediterranean Diet (MD), Ketogenic Diet (KD), High-Protein Diets (HPDs), Vegetarian and Vegan Diets (VVDs)

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MORPHO-PRODUCTIVE AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF GREEN LEAVES IN FODDER BEET LINES OBTAINED THROUGH SELECTION pag. 229-237

Christianna-Maria ISTRATE-SCHILLER, M.N. HORABLAGA, Cristian BOSTAN, Luminița COJOCARIU

Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. crassa) is a crop of great agricultural importance due to its ability to produce a significant amount of biomass with high nutritional value, widely used in animal feeding. The green leaves, often underestimated compared to the roots, represent a valuable source of crude protein, minerals, and bioactive pigments, contributing to the balance of forage rations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morpho-productive performance and nutritional value of green leaves in four experimental fodder beet lines compared to the control cultivar C6/24, in order to identify genotypes with superior yield potential and forage quality. The experiment was conducted in 2024 at the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Lovrin. The analyzed parameters included green leaf weight, number of leaves, dry matter content (%), and crude protein (%). The results showed values ranging from 12.98–16.17% for dry matter and 3.24–3.91% for crude protein, with superior performance recorded in lines V104/4/24 and V105/1/24. Green leaf weight varied between 0.73 and 1.33 kg, and the average number of leaves ranged from 36 to 84, confirming significant biological variability among genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between the number and weight of green leaves (r = 0.82) and a positive correlation between dry matter and crude protein (r = 0.70). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained 88.3% of the total variability, highlighting the clear separation of lines V104/4/24 and V105/1/24 from the control. These findings confirm the potential of these genotypes for improving the productivity and nutritional value of fodder beet

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fodder beet, green leaves, nutritional value, morpho-productive traits, multivariate analysis

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HIDDEN CLIMATE HEROES: ASSESSING CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF URBAN PARKS IN BUDAPEST pag. 238-247

Absatu JALLOH, Stephanie ACHEAMPONG, Liliana TÖRÖK, Zs. TÖRÖK

Everyone knows urban parks are valuable, contributing to both public health and biodiversity. Still, pinning down their exact environmental benefits in concrete numbers is often a challenge, especially in dense cityscapes where every square meter is contested. Our study tackled this by assessing the ecosystem services of eight parks in Budapest's District VIII. Using the i-Tree Canopy tool, a standardized method for urban forest analysis, we quantified key metrics like carbon storage, annual carbon sequestration, air pollutant removal, and storm water runoff reduction. The results were clear: together, these parks store around 909 tons of carbon in their biomass and pull down another 36 tons every year, acting as vital, local carbon sinks. The heavy lifting is done by the larger parks, particularly Orczy tér and II. János Pál pápa tér, a direct result of their size and mature tree cover. In economic terms, these benefits are significant, totalling more than €450,000 each year, a figure that underscores their immense public value. Just as important, smaller neighbourhood spots like Mátyás tér provide tangible local perks, proving that green spaces of all sizes are vital to the city's health and resilience. The data makes a strong case for protecting and expanding Budapest's parks, framing such policy not as a cost but as a practical move for building a greener, more climate-ready future. Keywords: urban parks, i-Tree Canopy, carbon sequestration, air pollution benefits

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urban parks, i-Tree Canopy, carbon sequestration, air pollution benefits

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EXISTENT PYTHON LIBRARIES FOR REMOTE SENSING AND VEGETATION INDEXES CALCULATIONS- A CASE STUDY pag. 248-256

Ion-Alexandru Meca,Razvan Gui-Bahner,Mihai Herbei, Adina Horablaga, Cosmin- Alin Popescu

This paper presents a case study on the use of existing Python libraries for remote sensing and vegetation index calculations, demonstrating how open-source technologies enable accessible, efficient, and reproducible workflows for environmental monitoring. Leveraging free satellite imagery from the Copernicus program (Sentinel-2) and other public repositories, the study develops a fully open workflow implemented in Jupyter Notebooks, integrating data collection, preprocessing, and analysis in a transparent manner. The proposed framework employs a range of Python libraries including rasterio, geopandas, xarray, numpy, and matplotlib for raster manipulation and visualization, alongside earthengine-api and sentinelsat for automated data retrieval. Additional tools such as scikit-image, pyresample, and spectral are used for image correction, resampling, and classification. Vegetation indices such as NDVI, EVI, SAVI, and NDWI are computed to assess vegetation health, spatial variability, and temporal changes across selected regions. The study highlights the advantages of the Python ecosystem in enabling reproducible, scalable, and cost-effective remote sensing analyses without reliance on proprietary software. The integration of open data, open-source libraries, and interactive notebooks supports FAIR data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), encouraging transparency and collaboration in environmental research. The results confirm that Python-based tools provide a powerful foundation for vegetation monitoring, sustainable land management, and long-term environmental change detection. Keywords: Python, remote sensing, vegetation indices, NDVI, EVI, SAVI, NDWI, Sentinel-2, Copernicus, open-source, Jupyter Notebooks, environmental monitoring, free satellite data, FAIR data principles.

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spatial database, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, QGIS, QField, urban green areas, database normalization, spatial triggers, centroid calculation, spatial automation, area computation.

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GIS SPATIAL DATABASES FOR MANAGEMENT OF URBAN GREEN AREAS pag. 257-264

Ion-Alexandru Meca,Mihai Herbei, Adina Horablaga, Cosmin- Alin Popescu

This study investigates the design and implementation of a spatial database system developed to support the management, monitoring, and analysis of urban green areas. The research emphasizes the importance of structured spatial data organization, relational integrity, and automated spatial operations for improving the efficiency of urban environmental management. The database was created using PostgreSQL with the PostGIS extension, providing advanced spatial capabilities directly within the relational model. The proposed schema includes entities such as parcels, trees, tree species (scientific and popular names), roads, utilities, electricity networks, flowers, and bushes. The design follows normalization principles up to the third normal form (3NF), ensuring data consistency and reducing redundancy. To enhance automation, spatial triggers were implemented to perform key operations, including centroid generation through the ST_Centroid() function, coordinate extraction with ST_X() and ST_Y(), area calculation for polygons using ST_Area(), and spatial intersections via ST_Intersects() to define spatial relationships among multiple layers. These automated processes maintain accurate spatial attributes and relationships whenever geometry data is updated, minimizing manual intervention. Integration with QGIS and QField enables synchronized data visualization and field data acquisition, ensuring real-time updates within the spatial database. The results demonstrate that the use of a normalized and trigger-driven spatial database structure provides a reliable, scalable, and efficient foundation for sustainable urban green area management and contributes to data-driven decision-making in smart city initiatives.

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spatial database, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, QGIS, QField, urban green areas, database normalization, spatial triggers, centroid calculation, spatial automation, area computation.

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TOPOGRAPHIC AND CADASTRAL DOCUMENTATION FOR THE REGISTRATION IN THE LAND BOOK OF A PROPERTY LOCATED IN URICANI ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT, CÂMPU LUI NEAG VILLAGE, HUNEDOARA COUNTY pag. 265-274

Elena MIHAIESCU1 V.CIOABA1 R.A.NISTOR1 R. HERBEI1 C.M.NISTOR1

The present paper focuses on the preparation of a topographic and cadastral documentation aimed at registering a real estate property in the Land Register, located within the administrative territory of Uricani (UAT Uricani), Câmpu lui Neag village, Hunedoara County. The main objective of the project is to accurately determine the position and boundaries of the property, to generate the corresponding topographic plans, and to compile the required documentation in accordance with the regulations of the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (ANCPI). For this purpose, a planimetric reference system was established by verifying and extending the existing geodetic triangulation network using the method of conditioned measurements and the back-intersection (Bonea) technique for network densification. Topographic measurements were carried out using a Pentax V-227N total station, ensuring high precision in both angular and distance determinations. The topographic detail survey was performed using the polar coordinate method, with observation points 101 (newly determined) and 102 serving as stations, resulting in accurate point coordinates in the Stereographic 1970 national coordinate system. The acquired data were processed through computational software and graphically represented using AutoCAD for the elaboration of the Site and Boundary Plan (PAD). This work combines theoretical and practical aspects specific to engineering surveying and cadastral science, demonstrating the technical competence required to obtain precise spatial data and to comply with the current legal framework governing property registration in the integrated cadastre and land registry system of Romania.

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Cadastral documentation; topographic surveying; geodetic triangulation network; conditioned measurements; back-intersection (Bonea method); polar coordinate method; total station; Stereographic 1970 system; AutoCAD; land registration; ANCPI; geospatial data accuracy; planimetric reference system.

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DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRITOURISM GUESTHOUSE AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE pag. 275-285

Mihaiescu Elena, Cioaba Valentin-Marian, Nistor Raducu-Alexandru,

The paper entitled “ Development of an Agritourism Guesthouse and Associated Infrastructure ” aims to design and perform a technical analysis of an agritourism - type building located in Tismana town , Isvarna village , Gorj County . It addresses both the economic and tourism potential of the investment , as well as the technical , architectural , geotechnical , and structural considerations necessary for its implementation . The project supports sustainable rural tourism development by offering an environmentally and economically viable alternative to conventional tourism , leveraging the area’ s natural and cultural assets . The design demonstrates the application of engineering principles in creating a modern , sustainable building that complies with national technical regulations , promotes rural tourism , and contributes to local economic development . The study analyzes the thermal, sanitary, and electrical installations, emphasizing the use of renewable energy sources and compliance with energy efficiency standards. The study analyzes the thermal , sanitary , and electrical installations , emphasizing the use of renewable energy sources and compliance with energy efficiency standards . The work contributes to the promotion of rural tourism and demonstrates the integrated application of engineering principles in the sustainable development of tourist infrastructure within the Romanian rural environment .

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rural guesthouse, rural tourism, Tismana, structural design, geotechnical analysis, energy efficiency, sustainable construction

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MOTIVATION OF HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN LEARNING BIOLOGY pag. 286-295

Alexandra-Ioana NĂSTASIE1, Gabriela-Ioana DOMILESCU2, Nicoleta IANOVICI3*

Motivation and learning strategies are central factors influencing academic performance, especially in complex subjects such as biology. Students’ capacity to regulate their own learning, manage study strategies and maintain motivation can significantly affect their understanding and retention of scientific concepts. Exploring these factors in both high school and university students provides insight into developmental and contextual differences in learning approaches. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 128 participants, including 65 high school students and 63 university students. Data were collected online using the DSML questionnaire, which evaluates motivational components: Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Course Utility; and strategic components: Source Diversity, Study Skills, and Self-Regulation on a 7-point Likert scale. This framework allows for the identification of distinct profiles and the analysis of relationships between motivation and learning strategies. The results revealed that each group exhibited unique motivational and strategic patterns, with statistically significant positive correlations between motivational factors and learning strategies. These findings suggest that higher levels of self-efficacy and perceived course utility are associated with more diverse and effective study strategies, while increased test anxiety may negatively impact self-regulation. Understanding these interdependencies can inform targeted interventions to enhance learning outcomes and support the development of self-regulated learners in both secondary and higher education contexts.

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Diversity of Strategies for Motivation in Learning (DSML), academic performance, motivational components, self-regulated learning, strategic patterns

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INFLUENCE OF PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS ON LATE BLIGHT (PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS) CONTROL AND POTATO YIELD UNDER THE AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF SUCEAVA pag. 296-306

N. NEGRUȘERI1,2, I.-C. ENEA1, Danela MURARIU3, Andreea-Mihaela FLOREA2, E. ULEA2

The research was conducted in Suceava (Romania) during the 2023 growing season and aimed to evaluate the interaction between phytosanitary treatment regimes and genotype response in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under late blight (Phytophthora infestans) pressure. Four commercial cultivars (Darilena, Red Lady, Riviera, Temerar) were tested in a 4 × 5 factorial experiment with five treatment schemes applied according to crop phenophases (BBCH 35–55), including systemic, systemic-contact, contact-only programs, and an untreated control. Climatic analysis based on decadal records showed alternating periods of moderate temperature (15–22°C) and high relative humidity (>80%), particularly in June and early July, creating favorable infection conditions. Yield was determined at harvest and fractionated into commercial size classes. ANOVA results indicated no significant treatment influence on the smallest tuber fraction (<30 mm), a moderate linear trend for medium-sized tubers (30–55 mm), and a strong significant positive effect of intensive treatments on the largest fraction (>55 mm). Cluster analysis grouped the genotype–treatment combinations into three clusters, reflecting distinct yield structuring under disease pressure. Temerar and Riviera exhibited the highest stability and partial resistance, Red Lady showed intermediate behavior, while Darilena was highly sensitive, with its highest yield obtained even in the untreated variant, suggesting intrinsic but limited resistance expression. The findings demonstrate that phytosanitary strategy and cultivar selection must be jointly optimized to ensure stable marketable yield in temperate-humid potato production systems.

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potato, late blight, phytosanitary treatments, yield, genotype response

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MODERNIZATION OF DC 115A (ULM), DC 121 (ARĂNIEȘ), DC 118 (MERIȘORU DE MUNTE), AND STREETS IN CERBĂL COMMUNE – LOT 1 pag. 307-318

Nistor Raducu-Alexandru, Cioaba Valentin-Marian, Mihaiescu Elena

Road infrastructure represents one of the fundamental elements of the sustainable development of local communities , directly influencing the quality of life of residents , accessibility , economic development , and integration into the national transportation network. This study addresses the modernization of rural road infrastructure in Cerbăl Commune , Hunedoara County , with a focus on improving connectivity and traffic safety. The aim is to evaluate the current technical condition of communal roads and propose technical solutions aligned with national and European standards to support sustainable local development. The analysis includes geotechnical , hydrological , and morphological characterization of the site, as well as assessment of local conditions and terrain stability. Based on these findings , recommendations include pavement upgrades , foundation reinforcement , improved drainage systems , and the implementation of road safety and signage measures. The modernization is expected to enhance traffic safety and comfort , reduce maintenance costs , and improve access to agricultural and tourist areas. Emphasis is placed on sustainability through durable materials, environmental compliance , and community involvement in decision - making. The research contributes to strengthening the body of knowledge regarding the design and construction of communal roads in mountainous areas , providing a practical foundation for future similar investments in rural infrastructure.

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rural road infrastructure, road modernization, geotechnical analysis, drainage, traffic safety, sustainable development, Cerbăl Commune

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EVALUATION OF URBAN EXPANSION IN CRAIOVA MUNICIPALITY USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES pag. 319-329

RADUCU A. NISTOR1, V.M. CIOABA1, E. MIHAIESCU1 , R. HERBEI1 C.M. NISTOR1

The paper entitled “Evaluation of Urban Expansion in Craiova Municipality Using Remote Sensing Techniques” aims to analyze the urbanization processes in Craiova between 2016 and 2025 through modern remote sensing and geospatial analysis methods. The main objective of the paper is to monitor and quantify the spatial expansion of built-up areas, identify land-use and land-cover changes (agricultural areas, green spaces, industrial and residential zones), and assess the environmental and territorial impacts of these transformations. The methodological framework involved the processing of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery obtained from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem and analyzed using ESA’s SNAP software. Spectral indices such as NDVI and NDBI were applied, alongside supervised and unsupervised classification techniques, to detect and map urban growth patterns accurately. The processed data were integrated into GIS environments for generating comparative thematic maps and quantitative analyses.Results revealed significant expansion trends towards the northern and eastern sectors of Craiova, closely linked to infrastructure development and local urban policies. The study also emphasizes the ongoing densification of the urban core and the reduction of vegetated surfaces. This research supports sustainable urban planning and spatial management strategies, highlighting the efficiency of remote sensing as a reliable scientific tool for assessing urban transformation and guiding future development.

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remote sensing, urban expansion, Craiova, GIS, Sentinel-2, NDVI, NDBI, supervised classification, sustainable development, geospatial analysis.

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GEOMATICS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA pag. 330-336

Maria OVDII, Livia NISTOR-LOPATENCO

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet. And its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cover a vast range of issues, including ending poverty and hunger, ensuring quality education and healthcare, achieving gender equality, promoting sustainable energy all with the aim of leaving no one behind and is monitored through a number of indicators at global, regional and national level. Indicators are classified into three levels based on the methodology and availability of data for their calculation. A numer of indicators supporting SDGs are based on digital technologies and geospatial data. Geomatics significally contribute to the develpment of SDGs and provide essential geospatial data and tools for sustainable development by enabling precise monitoring and management of Earth's systems, supporting informed decision-making in climate action, resource management, urban planning, and infrastructure resilience. Technologies like satellite positioning, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to monitor environmental changes, document land ownership, manage natural resources, and ensure the sustainable development of infrastructure and communities, directly contributing to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research aims to present the role of Geomatics in the achievement and monitoring of SDGs through the measuring, processing and use of geospatial data.

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Keywords: Geomatics, Geospatial Data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDG indicators.

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WEB-BASED 3D GEOSPATIAL TOOLS FOR DOCUMENTING, PRESERVING, AND SUSTAINABLY MANAGING BUILT CULTURAL HERITAGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE STONE BRIDGE IN BĂILE HERCULANE, ROMANIA pag. 337-350

Antrei DELIGIANNIS1, Panagoula KOPELOU1, Paul ZDRENGHEA2, Clara – Beatrice VILCEANU2, Sorin HERBAN2, Vassilis PAGOUNIS1

Safeguarding built cultural heritage is vital for maintaining historical identity and ensuring sustainable management practices. The rapid development of geospatial technologies and web-based platforms has opened new avenues for collecting, interpreting, and sharing heritage data in dynamic and user-friendly formats. Cultural heritage constitutes a fundamental and distinctive pillar of Europe’s cultural identity, while also representing a critical dimension of sustainable development and tourism policy. This study explores the use of online 3D geospatial tools in the documentation and preservation of the Stone Bridge in Băile Herculane, Romania, a significant 19th-century architectural landmark. Despite increasing awareness of digital heritage’s transformative potential, significant challenges persist in embedding these tools within sustainable tourism frameworks—particularly for smaller or underrepresented archaeological sites. By integrating geodesy, 3D modeling, and virtual reality systems (VR), detailed spatial datasets were generated, processed, and published through an interactive web platform. The resulting system allows for high-precision visualization, structural assessment, and ongoing monitoring of the monument, while also encouraging collaborative heritage management by granting open access to specialists, decision-makers, and the wider public. The case study illustrates how digital documentation can strengthen efforts to protect endangered heritage structures and support long-term preservation strategies. More broadly, the research emphasizes the versatility of web-based 3D geospatial technologies as a framework for managing cultural heritage sites in diverse settings.

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Băile Herculane Stone Bridge, cultural heritage; preservation; sustainable management; tourism; virtual tourism; 3D documentation

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MULTILINGUAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE pag. 351-358

Raul PAȘCALĂU, Francois GUYVENCHY, Roxana Aurelia JIGĂU, Laura Iosefina ȘMULEAC, Laura Rebeca STIEGELBAUER

Effective knowledge transfer in sustainable agriculture depends heavily on clear communication among diverse stakeholders, including farmers, researchers, policymakers, and extension workers. However, linguistic diversity often poses a barrier to the dissemination and adoption of sustainable practices, especially in multilingual regions. This research explores multilingual communication strategies that enhance knowledge exchange and promote inclusive participation in sustainable agricultural development. It emphasizes the integration of local languages, visual aids, translation technologies, and intercultural communication approaches to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps. By examining case studies from multilingual agricultural communities, the research highlights how participatory communication methods, such as community radio, multilingual training materials, and peer-to-peer farmer networks, facilitate the understanding and adoption of eco-friendly farming techniques. The article also discusses the role of digital platforms and artificial intelligence in supporting multilingual knowledge sharing, enabling real-time translation and localization of agricultural information. Furthermore, it identifies challenges such as resource constraints, literacy variations, and the potential loss of indigenous knowledge through language homogenization. The findings suggest that sustainable agriculture communication must prioritize linguistic inclusivity and cultural sensitivity to achieve equitable knowledge transfer. Ultimately, adopting multilingual communication strategies strengthens collaboration, empowers local communities, and accelerates the transition toward environmentally sustainable and socially just agricultural systems. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable development by linking language diversity with effective knowledge dissemination and capacity building in the agricultural sector.

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multiliguism, knowledge transsfer, agriculture, sustainability

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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN EASTERN EUROPE: THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS pag. 359-366

Raul PAȘCALĂU, Laura VORNICU, Brianna David, Laura Iosefina ȘMULEAC, Adrian ȘMULEAC

Climate change represents one of the most significant challenges to agricultural sustainability, particularly in regions such as Eastern Europe where traditional farming practices and socio-economic transitions intersect. This study examines the dual dimensions of climate change impact—both biophysical and communicative—by exploring how language shapes environmental awareness and influences adaptation strategies within agricultural communities. The research investigates the relationship between linguistic framing, policy discourse, and local perceptions of climate change in rural areas of Romania, Hungary, and Croatia. Through a mixed-method approach combining discourse analysis of agricultural policies and qualitative interviews with farmers, educators, and students in agricultural sciences, the study highlights the central role of language in constructing meanings around sustainability and resilience. Findings indicate that terminology related to “sustainable farming,” “climate-smart agriculture,” and “ecological responsibility” often differs across national and linguistic contexts, leading to varied interpretations and levels of engagement with adaptation measures. The study argues that effective communication strategies and the harmonization of environmental terminology are essential for bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and local practices. By integrating linguistic and agricultural perspectives, this paper contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how communication and terminology influence both the perception and practical implementation of climate-adaptive agricultural methods in Eastern Europe. The research underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in promoting sustainability, suggesting that language is not merely a tool for information transfer but a determinant of environmental behavior and policy.

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agriculture, awareness, sustainbility, environmental proteection, languages

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TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN SEMLAC, ARAD COUNTY pag. 367-374

Pitariu DENIS, 1, Adrian PĂCURAR1, Cristian BĂLĂȘOIU1 Adalbert OKROS1, Antoanela COZMA1

The paper analyzes the evolution of the structure of crops and plant productions in Semlac, Arad County, in the period 2021–2024, based on data obtained from statistical sources and field observations. The aim of the study is to highlight the dynamics of the main agricultural crops within the conventional agricultural system, with a focus on cereal, vegetable, fodder and fruit tree crops. The analysis of the data shows that the cultivated areas and the yields obtained varied significantly depending on the climatic conditions and the structure of the agricultural land. The corn crop for grains recorded the highest productions, reaching maximum values in 2023 (1504 tons), followed by winter wheat and rapeseed. Vegetable and fruit crops remained on small areas, reflecting the local specificity predominantly oriented towards field crops. Forage plants, especially pastures and meadows, hold a significant share in the use of agricultural land, supporting livestock activity. The results obtained highlight a general trend of crop diversification and a moderate increase in productivity in climate-friendly years. The study provides a complex picture of the agricultural system in western Romania, contributing to the substantiation of production optimization measures and the sustainable use of agricultural resources. Semlac locality, located in the west of Arad County, is a relevant example of the field agriculture characteristic of the Lower Mureș Plain.

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Semlac, agricultural system, agricultural crops, productivity, trends, sustainability

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AN OPTIMIZED PROTOCOL FOR TESTING RESISTANCE TO DOWNY MILDEW IN SUNFLOWER RACE 730 pag. 375-380

Denis PITARIU1 , Emilian ONISAN1* , Marinel Nicolae HORABLAGA 1 ,2,Petru RAIN2

Sunflower downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara halstedii, is one of the most aggressive diseases affecting this crop, causing significant losses ranging between 20% and 80%, depending on the pathogen race, the crop development stage, and the hybrid's susceptibility. Curently, sunflower breeding programs focused on obtaining resistance genes, which has induced pressure for the development of increasingly aggressive races. While initially we spoke of races such as race 100 or 300, currently we can discuss race 730, 734, and even in some cases, race 774 or 777. Race 730, used in our study, is among the most widespread races in Europe, exhibiting a high capacity for adaptation and for overcoming the resistance conferred by the genes Pl1, Pl2, Pl3, Pl4, Pl9, Pl10, Pl11, and Pl12, which are not sufficient to provide the genotype with resistance to this race.In our study, genotypes derived from interspecific crosses of wild sunflower species were selected. Following the research, protocols were established to determine the optimal timing for embryo inoculation, with the goal of improving the efficiency of the methods used for detecting resistance or susceptibility. The results obtained indicated a higher success rate of inoculation when the embryo radicle was between 0.5 and 2 mm, with the inoculation rate gradually decreasing as the embryo developed. The study also allowed for the creation of new sunflower genotypes resistant to race 730, with the prospect that these lines may be registered in international gene banks in the future.

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Plasmopara halstedii ,race 730 ,phenotypic screening ,optimized protocol ,plant breeding

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EVOLUTION AND DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS IN ȘAGU COMMUNE, ARAD COUNTY pag. 381-387

Denis PITARIU1, Adrian PĂCURAR1, Delia DRĂGOI1 Adalbert OKROS1, Casiana MIHUȚ1

The paper presents the evolution of agricultural productions in Șagu commune, Arad County, in the period 2021–2024, by analyzing the main field crops (wheat, corn, rapeseed, sunflowers, vegetables, fodder plants and vineyards). The purpose of the research was to highlight the dynamics of the cultivated areas, the productions obtained and the agricultural systems practiced in a representative area of the Western Plain. The data were collected from official sources (APIA, MADR, Șagu City Hall) and correlated with field observations. The results show that winter wheat was the dominant crop in all the years analyzed, both in terms of area and production, followed by maize and rapeseed. Sunflower and soybean crops have registered significant variations depending on the climatic conditions, and fodder plants have had a constant contribution to the agricultural structure of the commune. The year 2024 stood out for the highest total cereal production (18,831 tons), while 2023 recorded the maximum values for oil plants (9,737 tons). The study highlights the trend of modernization of local agriculture and the orientation towards a balanced crop structure, adapted to the pedoclimatic conditions in western Romania. The commune of Șagu, located in the south-western part of Arad County, is located in the High Plain of Vingăi, characterized by poorly fragmented relief and soils suitable for intensive agriculture. The geographical positioning, the proximity to the municipalities of Arad and Timisoara and the favorable infrastructure have contributed to the development of a complex and diversified agricultural system.

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Șagu, agricultural productions; field crops; area dynamics; agricultural system; Arad

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SAFFLOWER – AN OILSEED CROP WITH POTENTIAL: OPTIMIZATION OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SEEDS pag. 388-396

Anca Maria Porubski1, Simona NIȚĂ1, NIȚĂ Lucian Dumitru1

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual oilseed plant, adapted to drought conditions, cultivated for its oil-rich seeds and used in the food, pharmaceutical and textile industries. Throughout history, this crop has been appreciated for the extraction of natural dyes, and today it is valued due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as for its resistance to difficult climatic conditions. In this paper, the influence of the sowing season and the distance between the rows on the chemical composition of safflower seeds, cultivated in the pedoclimatic conditions of the Timisoara area, was analyzed. Parameters such as the content of mineral substances, crude protein, total fat and saturated fatty acids were monitored, in the context of agricultural years with above-average temperatures and uneven distribution of rainfall. The results highlighted that the sowing season is an essential agronomic factor for maximizing production and improving seed quality. Sowing in Epoch I favored a better vegetative development, leading to significant increases in production compared to Epoch II. Also, a longer row spacing (50 cm) had a positive impact on production, leading to an average increase of about +26% compared to the 30 cm spacing. The chemical composition of the seeds was also influenced by these agronomic factors. It has been found that both the sowing time and the distance between rows significantly influence the fat content and the proportion of saturated fatty acids. These data underline the importance of choosing the right cultivation technology to achieve higher quantitative and qualitative safflower production, especially in the context of current climate change.

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sowing time, row spacing, chemical composition of seeds

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PEDOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN TÂRNOVA COMMUNE, ARAD COUNTY, AND IMPORTANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT pag. 397-408

RÎPĂ F.1, Simona NIŢĂ1, L. NIŢĂ1

This study offers a comprehensive pedological assessment of soils and agricultural land in the commune of Târnova, Arad County, with the main goal of promoting sustainable natural resource management and supporting the long-term development of the local agricultural sector. Through an integrated approach combining field observations, detailed laboratory analyses, and interpretation of pedo-structural data, the research identifies and classifies the region’s dominant soil types, including alluviosols, eutric cambisols, preluv sols, vertisols, and gleysols. Each soil class features unique characteristics that are shaped by geomorphological, hydrological, and climatic influences, which directly impact their agricultural suitability and require specific management practices. The surveyed agricultural lands cover over 55% of the area, mainly consisting of arable lands, with smaller proportions dedicated to pastures and hayfields. Morphological studies highlight the complexity and variability of pedogenic horizons, while evaluations of fertility, structural integrity, and water retention capacity provide essential insights for developing efficient and sustainable farming practices tailored to local environmental conditions. The findings contribute significantly to expanding and updating the regional pedological database, serving as a vital resource for land management authorities, environmental conservation efforts, and farmers alike. Ultimately, this detailed assessment supports responsible land use planning, promotes sustainable agriculture, and helps ensure economic growth and environmental protection in the region over the long term.

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soils, taxonomy, management, potential, sustainability

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TIME, GENDER AND PERFORMANCE IN ONLINE BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT pag. 409-415

Rareș-Ciprian ROMÂNU1, Gabriela-Ioana DOMILESCU2, Nicoleta IANOVICI1*

The study highlights the influence of exam duration and gender on student performance in the “Bios” National Competition, held online by the Biology Department on the Moodle platform of the West University of Timișoara, Romania. The research was quantitative and used a quasi-experimental intergroup design, comparing two time conditions—30 minutes (2024 edition) and 20 minutes (2025 edition)—on a sample of N = 103 high school students. Performance was measured by the final score obtained on a standardized biology test, consisting of 30 multiple-choice items. Statistical analyses (independent t-test and Pearson correlation) were applied separately for two thematic sections: Plant and Animal Biology (grades IX–X) and Anatomy and Physiology, Genetics, and Human Ecology (grades XI–XII). The results showed that, for the IX–X grade section, reducing the duration from 30 minutes to 20 minutes did not produce significant differences in average scores, while for the XI-XII grade section, the group with reduced time performed significantly better. Correlations between gender and performance were insignificant. The study contributes to understanding how test duration influences results in a competitive context. The conclusions can support the optimization of digital exam duration without compromising the fairness and validity of the assessment process. Online assessment; Exam duration; Student performance; Biology competition; Gender differences

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Online assessment; Exam duration; Student performance; Biology competition; Gender differences

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ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF APHID POPULATIONS IN WHEAT CROPS pag. 416-423

Alexandra-Renate ROȘCA, Anca RADU, Delia Gabriela JURCHITA, Ana Maria VIRTEIU, Ioana GROZEA

The present study aimed to evaluate the population levels and interactions between cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae) and their natural coccinellid predators in a winter wheat crop. Weekly observations were conducted from 10 April to 22 May in six 1 m² sampling plots, three located at the field margins and three within the interior. Aphids and coccinellids were collected using a sweep net, and all individuals were counted and identified in the laboratory. Population densities (individuals/m²) and the rate of aphid decline between successive sampling dates were calculated, together with the estimated predation potential of coccinellids based on a feeding rate of 400 aphids per adult per week. Results showed a rapid increase in aphid populations until early May, followed by a gradual decrease correlated with the rise in coccinellid abundance. Mean aphid densities ranged from 350 to 590 individuals/m², while coccinellid densities varied between 4 and 7 individuals/m². The aphid-to-coccinellid ratio ranged from 58 to 109 aphids per predator, depending on location. Estimated weekly aphid consumption reached up to 2,500 individuals/m², indicating that coccinellids exerted a measurable regulatory pressure on aphid populations. The study demonstrates the importance of natural predation in the biological control of cereal aphids and highlights the potential of coccinellids as effective biocontrol agents in wheat agroecosystems. Encouraging ecological farming practices that conserve predator populations can significantly enhance the sustainability of integrated pest management programs in cereals

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Cereal aphids, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Coccinellidae, biological control, wheat agroecosystem, predator-prey dynamics, population density

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COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT TRAP TYPES IN CAPTURING PHYLLOPHAGOUS INSECTS IN THE PĂDUREA VERDE FOREST (WESTERN ROMANIA) pag. 424-433

Denisa-Daliana SFIRCULUS (MOROCILA), Ioana GROZEA

. The study was carried out in the Pădurea Verde Forest (Timiș, Western Romania), a mixed deciduous woodland dominated by oak species, but other species too. Its purpose was to compare the efficiency of several trap types in capturing flying phyllophagous insects in marginal forest habitats. Four types of traps were used: yellow-green sticky panels, box-type pheromone traps, roof-type (Delta) pheromone traps, and ICCRR pheromone traps. Monitoring took place between July and September 2025, with 20 observation points distributed across seven sectors along the southern forest margin. Captures were collected biweekly, and species identification was performed in the Entomology Laboratory. Results indicated that ICCRR and sticky traps recorded the highest mean number of captures, while box and roof traps showed moderate efficiency. Among the captures were forest-specific, polyphagous, and agro-horticultural pest species, ranging from hemipterans (aphids and leafhoppers) to large and small lepidopterans (moths and butterflies, both diurnal and nocturnal). The temporal dynamics revealed a distinct peak in insect activity during mid-to-late August, followed by a decline in September. The results confirm that pheromone-based and color-attractive traps complement each other, providing reliable tools for monitoring phyllophagous insect populations in forest-edge ecosystems, and supporting integrated pest management strategies in forest environments.

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pheromone traps; sticky panels; phyllophagous insects; forest-edge ecosystems; insect monitoring; Pădurea Verde Forest

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INTEGRATING OPEN-SOURCE SATELLITE DATA AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR GRASSLAND MONITORING. A CASE STUDY pag. 434-443

Bogdan SIMION, Loredana COPĂCEAN, Luminiţa COJOCARIU

Monitoring and assessing pasture condition represent a fundamental element in the sustainable management of agrosilvopastoral resources, having direct implications for productivity, livestock carrying capacity, and biodiversity conservation. In the current context of the transition towards smart agriculture, developing accessible and scalable methods for the spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation has become a priority. This paper proposes a pasture evaluation approach based exclusively on visible spectrum (RGB) imagery, demonstrating that, through the use of open-source data and deep learning algorithms, results comparable to those obtained with traditional multispectral methods can be achieved. The main objective of the study is to highlight the potential of RGB data, with a spatial resolution of 20–30 m, for determining vegetation indices and classifying pasture conditions. The analysis was conducted on grasslands located in Timiș County, Romania, using both annual and multi-annual time series derived from the Copernicus program. The methodology integrated the computation of vegetation indices specific to the visible spectrum and the application of a classification model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The model was trained and validated on labeled datasets, achieving an accuracy of over 95% on the test set, confirming the robustness of the proposed approach. The results revealed a significant correlation between seasonal variations of vegetation indices, precipitation patterns, and the specific phenology of the studied grasslands. The multi-annual analysis enabled the identification of degradation and regeneration trends in the grass cover, contributing to a better understanding of ecological dynamics and the impact of climatic factors on green biomass. Furthermore, the study introduces a Python-based application that integrates the entire workflow: satellite data acquisition, vegetation index computation, and CNN-based classification. Through its open, reproducible, and scalable nature, this technological solution provides a modern tool to support farmers, agronomists, and decision-makers involved in the sustainable management of pastures and the adaptation of agricultural practices to climate change.

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vegetation indices; RGB imagery; CNN; grasslands monitoring; smart agriculture

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STUDIES ON THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF CAMELINA SATIVA L. UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIDACTIC EXPERIMENTAL STATION TIMIȘOARA pag. 444-451

Simina ȘUȚA, Ioana Alina HÎNDA Denisa Cristiana HETEA

The present study was carried out at the Didactic and Experimental Station of the University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara during the 2023–2024 agricultural year, with the aim of evaluating the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the productivity of Camelina sativa L. cultivated under the specific conditions of the Banat Plain. The experiment was organized according to a bifactorial design with four replications, where factor A represented nitrogen doses (N0, N40, N80, N120 kg ha⁻¹) and factor B represented phosphorus doses (P0, P40, P80 kg ha⁻¹). The soil of the experimental field was moderately supplied with nitrogen and phosphorus, and well supplied with potassium. Results revealed that both fertilizations had a significant effect on plant growth and seed yield. The highest average yield of 1663 kg ha⁻¹ was recorded in the variant N120P80, representing a 113% increase compared to the unfertilized control (780 kg ha⁻¹). Nitrogen proved to be the dominant factor in determining yield formation, while phosphorus enhanced nitrogen efficiency through a synergistic effect. The results confirm the adaptability of Camelina sativa L. to local pedoclimatic conditions and its responsiveness to rational fertilization, supporting its potential as a sustainable oilseed crop in Western Romania.

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Camelina sativa L., nitrogen fertilization, phosphorus fertilization, seed yield, Banat Plain, sustainable oilseed crops.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE VALORIZATION AND PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. IN CAMEROON AND ROMANIA pag. 452-460

Emmanuela Theresa EDZIMBI1, Laurențiu Marian STĂNCIOI1, Liliana Nicoleta ȚIGRIȘ2, Alina NEACȘU1, Ilinca IMBREA1

Artemisia annua, commonly known as sweet wormwood, is a medicinal plant of considerable pharmacological importance, mainly due to its content of artemisinin, the key compound in modern antimalarial therapy. The objective of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of the current uses and future perspectives of this plant in two contrasting regions: Cameroon and Romania. For a better field identification of species of phytotherapeutic interest, a concise dichotomous key was developed. The study also examines the geographical distribution, phytochemical composition, and therapeutic applications of the species. The research methodology involved an extensive review of scientific literature, focusing on the comparative assessment of uses in scholarly and traditional phytotherapy, cultivation technologies, and phytochemical characteristics. Findings indicate that in Cameroon, A. annua is primarily cultivated for artemisinin extraction, used in malaria prevention and treatment programs, while in Romania the plant is not yet fully exploited from a phytotherapeutic perspective. Phytochemical data reveal a complex composition of bioactive metabolites, such as artemisinin, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, whose concentrations vary depending on environmental, genetic, and agronomic factors. This work contributes to a better understanding of A. annua as a strategic medicinal resource, highlighting the need for sustainable valorization of spontaneous populations. Its originality and relevance derive from the integration of ethnopharmacological knowledge with modern scientific and economic perspectives, supporting the sustainable use of A. annua in Cameroon and Romania.

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Artemisia annua, artemisinin, phytochemical composition, antimalarial activity, phytotherapeutic potential, cultivation technology

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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF RISK AND HAZARD MAPS FOR THE DANUBE RIVER IN ROMANIA pag. 461-470

Denisa -Viorela TODEA, Iulia-Victoria STĂNESCU, L. DRAGOMIR, G. POPESCU

The development and use of hazard and risk maps for the Danube River within the territory of Romania represent an essential component of the integrated management of water resources and the prevention of extreme natural phenomena. The Danube, the most important river in Central and Eastern Europe, crosses Romania for more than 1,000 km, exhibiting significant hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological diversity. This natural complexity, combined with increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate-induced variability, leads to a heightened vulnerability to flooding, bank erosion, accidental pollution, and other water-related risks. The creation of accurate hazard and risk maps relies on modern geospatial technologies such as remote sensing, aerial photogrammetry, LiDAR scanning, and advanced Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enabling the integration and analysis of topographic, hydrological, and climatic datasets. These technologies support the generation of high-resolution digital terrain models, flow simulations, and spatial analyses that are essential for delineating exposed or sensitive areas. Furthermore, the use of UAVs and dedicated processing software—such as Agisoft Metashape, Pix4D, and other photogrammetric platforms—makes it possible to produce detailed orthophotos and 3D reconstructions with centimeter-level accuracy. Such products are invaluable for monitoring geomorphological evolution, evaluating protective infrastructure, and offering decision-makers reliable, up-to-date information. Ultimately, the systematic development of hazard and risk maps contributes to more efficient territorial planning, environmental protection, and the implementation of proactive measures for reducing natural risks along the Romanian stretch of the Danube.

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hazard, risk, Danube, GIS, remote sensing, floods, digital terrain model

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COMPARATIVE BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT OF LABRADOR RETRIEVER, GERMAN SHEPHERD, AND BEAGLE USING THE C-BARQ STANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRE pag. 471-478

Rebeca TOMUTA1, CRISAN Mihnea 1, Liana NITA1,2, Mara PORUBSZKI1, Emil PUIA1, Mihaela IVAN1, Ioan BANATEAN DUNEA1, Mihaela Liana FERICEAN1

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the behavioral profiles of three dog breeds—Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, and Beagle—using the standardized Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). Sixty adult dogs (20 per breed) were evaluated through owner responses scored on a five-point Likert scale (1 = absence of behavior; 5 = maximum intensity). The questionnaire included 101 items grouped into seven behavioral domains: obedience, aggression, fear and anxiety, separation-related behavior, excitability, attachment and attention-seeking, and miscellaneous behaviors. Results revealed distinct behavioral patterns among breeds. German Shepherds demonstrated superior obedience (mean 4.5–4.8) and rapid learning capacity, confirming their suitability for working, guarding, and service tasks. However, they also exhibited higher levels of protective and territorial aggression, particularly toward unfamiliar people and dogs. Labrador Retrievers achieved the highest scores in sociability, play motivation, and tolerance, reflecting their reputation as balanced and family-friendly companions, though they displayed moderate sensitivity to loud noises and mild separation anxiety. Beagles showed elevated excitability, dependency, and curiosity-driven distractibility, combined with frequent vocalizations and destructive behaviors when left alone, consistent with their strong exploratory and hunting instincts. Breed-specific behavioral trends corresponded closely to their historical functions—retrieving, guarding, and hunting—highlighting the genetic and functional bases of temperament variation. These findings emphasize the importance of breed-tailored behavioral management, structured socialization, and positive reinforcement training to mitigate potential behavioral problems. Overall, the C-BARQ proved to be a reliable, non-invasive, and quantitative tool for assessing temperament in companion dogs, contributing valuable insights for applied ethology, responsible breeding, and optimal owner–dog pairing.

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dog behavior, C-BARQ, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Beagle, anxiety, aggression, obedience

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY TRAITS IN BRITISH SHORTHAIR AND DOMESTIC CATS (FELIS CATUS) pag. 479-484

Rebeca TOMUTA1, Mara PORUBSZKI1, Liana NITA1,2, CRISAN Mihnea1, Mihaela IVAN1, Ioan BANATEAN DUNEA1, Mihaela Liana FERICEAN1

This study provides a comparative behavioral analysis of two domestic cat populations—British Shorthair and Domestic (non-pedigree)—focusing on five core personality dimensions: Sociability, Boldness, Affection, Dominance, and Activity. The objective was to evaluate inter-breed and inter-sex differences in temperament and to explore how selective breeding and environmental factors influence feline personality. A total of 40 adult cats (20 British Shorthair and 20 Domestic) were assessed using a standardized 25-item behavioral questionnaire rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly False, 5 = Strongly True). Responses were provided by owners based on daily observations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results revealed significant breed-related behavioral variations. British Shorthair cats showed higher Sociability (mean ± SD = 4.08 ± 0.22) and Affection (4.45 ± 0.17) compared with Domestic cats (3.48 ± 0.27 and 3.88 ± 0.24, respectively; p < 0.01). In contrast, Domestic cats demonstrated greater Boldness (3.96 ± 0.25) and Activity (4.38 ± 0.19; p < 0.05), with males scoring highest in Dominance (3.34 ± 0.27). Females, regardless of breed, were generally more sociable and affectionate, while males were more active and assertive. These findings confirm that British Shorthair cats exhibit a more stable, affiliative behavioral profile shaped by artificial selection, whereas Domestic cats display adaptive flexibility and exploratory behavior suited to varied environments. Understanding these behavioral distinctions enhances the management and welfare of companion cats and informs both breeding programs and owner selection criteria.

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British Shorthair, Domestic cat, personality traits, sociability, boldness, activity, behavioral analysis

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ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL RESOURCES IN THE SEMLAC AREA, ARAD COUNTY, PEDOLOGICAL STUDY AND ECOLOGICAL MODELING pag. 485-495

M. TOȚIN1, Simona NIŢĂ1, L. NIŢĂ1

This document presents a detailed analysis of the evolution and pedological and geomorphological characteristics of the Semlac area, located in Arad County, within the context of soil resource research and management. The methodology section addresses the process of identification, delimitation, and characterization of soil units, utilizing pedological mapping techniques, field analyses, and laboratory investigations, aimed at determining the morphological, physico-chemical, and hydrophysical properties of soils. The study includes the interpretation of natural formation conditions, such as geomorphology, lithology, climate, hydrogeology, and vegetation, identifying their influence on soil evolution. The area primarily features high-fertility soils, predominantly chernozems, which exhibit significant agricultural potential, along with other less extensive soil types such as faeozioms, cambisols, and gleysols, each with specific characteristics and limitations. From a socio-economic perspective, Semlac commune is strongly oriented towards agriculture, with approximately 87% of the arable land being utilized for cereal crops such as wheat, rapeseed, maize, and sunflower. These are managed by several agricultural companies equipped with modern machinery and technologies aimed at minimizing environmental impact. This work underscores the area's high agricultural potential, conditioned by the specific features of fertile soils and favorable natural conditions, but also highlights the importance of sustainable management practices to conserve edaphic resources in the context of increasing global food demand and climate change.

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soil, chernozem, fertility, utilization, sustainability, land fund, agricultural technologies

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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BENEFICIAL SOIL MICROORGANISMS IN ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS pag. 496-502

Laura VORNICU, Brianna DAVID, Raul PAȘCALĂU, Laura ȘMULEAC, Ioan BĂNĂȚEAN-DUNEA

Soil microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and plant health, particularly in organic farming systems where synthetic inputs are minimized. Understanding the diversity and function of these beneficial microbial communities is essential for enhancing soil productivity and ecological sustainability. This study aimed to identify and characterize beneficial soil microorganisms in organic farms using molecular techniques. Soil samples were collected from organically managed plots with diverse cropping systems and compared with conventionally farmed soils. DNA was extracted and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA and ITS gene regions to profile bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Sequencing results revealed a higher abundance and diversity of beneficial microorganisms—such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Trichoderma species—in organic soils compared to conventional systems. These microbes were strongly associated with improved soil enzymatic activity, nitrogen fixation, and disease suppression. Principal component analysis indicated that organic management practices, including compost application and crop rotation, significantly influenced microbial community structure and function. The findings demonstrate that organic farming supports a rich and functionally active microbial ecosystem that contributes to sustainable soil management and plant productivity. Promoting microbial diversity through organic amendments and reduced chemical inputs can strengthen soil resilience and enhance agricultural sustainability.

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beneficial microorganisms; organic farming; soil microbiome; molecular characterization;

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THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON POLLINATOR DIVERSITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY pag. 503-509

Laura VORNICU, Briana DAVID, Maroua DAHBI, Ioana GROZEA, Raul PAȘCALĂU

Pollinators play a critical role in maintaining agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability, contributing to the reproduction of over 75% of global food crops. However, climate change is increasingly threatening pollinator diversity through alterations in temperature, precipitation, and flowering phenology. This research investigates the relationship between climate variability, pollinator abundance, and crop yield across different agricultural landscapes. Field observations and climatic data were collected over three consecutive growing seasons to assess changes in pollinator populations and their impact on the productivity of pollination-dependent crops such as sunflower, rapeseed, and fruit trees. Results indicate a significant decline in pollinator abundance—particularly among native bee and butterfly species—in regions experiencing higher temperature anomalies and reduced floral availability. Shifts in flowering time led to a mismatch between crop bloom and pollinator activity, resulting in decreased pollination efficiency and yield reduction by up to 25% in highly dependent crops. Additionally, the loss of habitat and the increased use of pesticides exacerbated the negative effects of climatic stress. The findings highlight the urgent need to implement adaptive strategies such as habitat restoration, diversification of flowering plants, and climate-resilient agricultural practices to protect pollinator communities. Strengthening pollinator conservation under changing climatic conditions is essential for sustaining food security, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience.

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Climate change; pollinator diversity; crop productivity; pollination efficiency; biodiversity loss; flowering phenology; bees;

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INTEGRATION OF THE USLE MODEL AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN SOIL EROSION ANALYSIS. CASE STUDY pag. 510-519

Anda VUŞCAN1, Loredana COPĂCEAN2, M.V. HERBEI2,1

The paper presents the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model, integrated within a GIS environment, for estimating the average annual soil loss in the Cigher River Basin, located in the central-eastern part of Arad County. The main objective was to assess erosion vulnerability in relation to natural factors (precipitation, relief, soil) and anthropogenic factors (land use, agricultural practices). The analysis was based on multi-annual climatic data, pedological information, a 25 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery used to calculate the NDVI index. The five USLE factors - R (rainfall erosivity), K (soil erodibility), LS (slope length and steepness), C (cover management), and P (support practices) - were determined and integrated as raster layers to generate the final soil loss map. The results indicate average annual soil loss values ranging from 0 to over 41 t/ha/year, with an overall mean of 1.00 t/ha/year. Approximately 88% of the basin area falls within the very low-risk class (below 3 t/ha/year), while high-risk zones are located in the southern part of the basin, where steep slopes coincide with intensive agricultural use. The study confirms the effectiveness of integrating the USLE model with GIS technologies in the spatial analysis of erosion risk and highlights the need to implement conservation measures in critical areas to ensure sustainable soil resource management.

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USLE, GIS, soil erosion, spatial modeling

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ASPECT PARAMETER FOR CHARACTERIZING A MOUNTAIN AREA BASED ON REMOTE SENSING pag. 520-529

Anda VUȘCAN, M. AVĂDANEI, I. VETO, Florina ȚÂRLE BURESCU, F. SALA, M.V. HERBEI

The study aimed to analyze and characterize the ATU Lupsa area, Alba County, Romania, based on the ASPECT parameter, through remote sensing technique. In the study area, land surfaces with different types of soil texture were identified, Clayey loam texture (CLt), Clay texture (Ct), Sandy clay texture (SCt), Sandy loam - clayey texture (SLCt), and other types of texture - Varied texture (Vt). Based on the ASPECT parameter, ten classes (AC1 to AC10) were generated, which included variable land areas, in relation to soil texture. The size of the ASPECT classes varied between 217.39 ha (AC1) and 1840.39 ha (AC4). ANOVA Test confirmed significant differences between mean values, and Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed significant differences between median values of ASPECT classes. Mann-Whitney (post hoc) highlighted differences between land surfaces with different types of soil texture, on ASPECT classes. Multivariate analysis assessed the correlation between ASPECT classes and soil categories (texture aspect), and the principal components confirmed 82.174% of the total variance. Cluster analysis grouped ASPECT classes and soil texture types based on similarity, in relation to the related surface values (Coph. corr. = 0.846). The highest level of similarity was recorded at the level of classes AC2 and AC10, with SDI = 22.77. A ranking of the ASPECT classes was generated based on the land area values, with the first position occupied by class AC4.

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ASPECT, clustering, mountain area, PCA, remote sensing, soil texture

Presentation: poster

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ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTANTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH SENSITIVITY IN LOW-POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTS: A MULTI-CITY STUDY FROM FINLAND pag. 530-542

Sofija ZIVULOVIC, Liliana TÖRÖK, Zs. TÖRÖK

In this study, the sensitivity of the public health and activity indexes to changes in air pollutant concentration is evaluated in Finland, a country with a nationally low level of air pollution. The comparison was done for four cities: Helsinki, Tampere, Oulu, and Rovaniemi. The cities are chosen to be a representation of two distinct environments: 1) the more urban cities in slightly warmer environments in the South of Finland (Helsinki and Tampere), and 2) the less urban cities of the North, located in or near the Arctic Circle (Oulu and Rovaniemi). The weekly air pollutant concentration for particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as the health and activity parameters in several categories were the main two indicators used to make conclusions in this study, using the simultaneously collected meteorological variables as contextual support. AccuWeather was used as the main source of information, from which the data was derived in the period of autumn 2024, late spring, summer, and the beginning of autumn 2025. The findings in this study revealed that even though air pollution in Finland is still considered ideal and of a lower level compared to many developed nations, some level of difference is observed in air pollutant concentrations and consequently health symptoms between cities in the south and those in the north. The health indicators, such as asthma, sinus pressure, and migraines, are more common in regions with a high level of air pollutant concentration, whereas the common cold and the flu are more common in northern regions, likely for the reason of the colder climate conditions. The findings in this study confirmed that even in regions of lower air pollution, even a minor variation in concentration or climate can affect people's well-being and conditions for numerous activities.

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air pollutants, health effects, allergens, low-pollution environments, urbanization, regional difference, Finland

Presentation: oral presentation

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