Vol 42, No 3 (2010)
INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND HERBICIDES ON MASS OF 1000 GRAINS IN WINTER WHEAT, UNDER CONDITIONS OF BANAT AREA pag. 3-7
Liana Maria Alda, Aurel Lăzureanu, Simion Alda, Isidora Radulov, Marcel DanciAbstract: Mass of 1000 grains is a polygene determinism trait, highly influenced by enviroment. Therefore, establishing a soil background on wich mass of 1000 grains is the highest, has a special importance. Research was carried out in Didactic Station Timisoara in 2005-2007 period and aimed at improving fertiliser response with effect on quality features. The studied cultivars were Alex and Romulus. Fertilisation levels were N 0 P 0 K 0 , N 45 P 45 K 45 ; N 100 P 45 K 45 ; N 150 P 60 K 60 . We used the folowing herbicides: Icedin super RV(300 g/l acid 2,4 D+100 g/l dicamba) 1l/ha, Derby 175 SC (75g/l florasulam+100g/l flumetsulam) 0,07 l/ha and Aim Plus (5,75 % carfentrazon-ethyl + 64,7% acid 2,4 D) 0,35 kg/ha. Experiments were of the polyfactorial type and organised after the sub-divided plot method with 4 replications. The soil taxonomical unit was vertic strongly gleyied chernozem. Soy was the pre-emergent crop. As for the climatic characterisation (average monthly temperature and monthly precipitations recorded at the Meteorological Station in Timisoara) we can assess that the agricultural year 2004-2005 was a rainy year, the agricultural year 2005-2006 was a normal one, and the agricultural year 2006-2007 was a dry one. Analysing the results obtained, we can conclude that the variant N 100 P 45 K 45 is optimal in both winter wheat cultivars which can be explained by the fact that with the increase of the agri-fund from N 100 P 45 K 45 to N 150 P 60 K 60 there is also increase of yield ad particulary increase of the number of grains per spike, while grains size is smaller. The herbicides application has a positive impact on the mass of 1000 grains, the differences between the averages of the three herbicides being very small. The best influence of mineral fertilisation on the 1000 grain mass was in variant treated with Aim Plus 0,35 kg/ha, when the determination coefficient was maximal. Results contribute to the establishment fertilisation improvement with a view to obtain yields with superior bread-making features.
more abstractmass of 1000 grains; mineral fertilisation; herbicides; winter wheat cultivars
Presentation: oral
DownloadAGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA IN EU INTEGRATION CONDITIONS BY USING UNCONVENTIONAL MEANS OF FERTILIZATION pag. 8-13
Anton Iulia, Dorneanu Aurel, Daniela Dana, Plopeanu GeorgianaBio- accessibility increase soil nutrients and other natural sources and increase productive use of nutrients in crops, accompanied by decrease the impact of pollutant chemical fertilization on the environment, are major goals of modern agriculture and organic farming by default. The research carried out in the last years on the unconventional fertilization methods and means puts the problem on some new methods to prevent chemical pollution of vegetal production environment. Globally, application of nutrients in the form of dilute solutions by foliar spraying has become a current practice in many cultures, the absorption and translocation of nutrients from the skin of the plant in different plant organs is an undeniable reality. This paper refers to tomatoes grown, Dacia cultivar, in greenhouse (R.I.S.S.A., Bucharest) by an unconventional fertilization method. Tomato represents a basic product in human food, being consumed under both fresh and canned condition. The great number of bell pepper cultivars and varieties constitutes the raw material for producing a large range of culinary products. In this context the main objectives in research carried out were complex agrochemical testing of ecological liquid compositions approved for use in Romania agriculture, two with effect by incorporation in soil (Neb 26 and Stimusoil) and two with foliar applied on plant (Kelpak and Bionat) and quantifying the effect of fertilization of the fertilizers applied on different topsoils of fertilization. Experimentation was conducted in greenhouse of R.I.S.S.A. Bucharest (2004-2007), experiences were placed in Mitscherlich pots, which were introduced 20 kg soil. According to the testing methodology for each experimental combination of factors has ensured a number of 3 repetitions. The analysis of experimental data obtained can be observed that the tested foliar fertilizers were provided, in most cases examined, provided statistical yield increases compared to unfertilized ecological control.
more abstracttomato; unconventional fertilization methods; environment
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTUDY THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL SOIL MOISTURE AND LAND USE ON THE PHENOMENA OF SOLID FLOWS FROM THE SLOPES OF A HYDROGRAPHICAL BASIN pag. 14-16
Beilicci Erika, Beilicci RobertCurrent state of theoretical knowledge and mathematical modeling of soil erosion by water processes, sediment transport and their impact on hydrographical basin area is still relatively in an incipient phase. Given the multitude of factors involved in these processes and influence each other, as the extraordinary diversity of the concrete conditions of nature in which such processes occur, is almost impossible for a general theoretical foundation, from which to develop the appropriate calculation tools, useful in the analysis and engineering design activity. Most of the existing relations are obtained either experimentally or in laboratory conditions, either in situ or physical models. However, numerical simulation models emerged in recent decades (WEPP, USLE, RUSLE, etc.) will produce results with practical use. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of two important factors in the process of solid flow formation on slopes: the initial soil moisture and the use of land. To do this, was used the WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) software. With this program was modeled process of soil erosion in hydrographical basin Manastiur, Timis County, Romania, in different assumptions of torrential rains production, different initial humidity of soil and different land use. Were determined correlations between soil loss and initial soil moisture, and the use of land, respectively. On the basis of the obtained results, we can plan land management that takes into consideration the present situation and the perspectives of an area and harmonizes the interests of all its determining factors (the human factor, the environment, the economic factor etc.). At the same time, we can establish efficient economic and technical solid flow control measures and works (agrotechnical, forest, hydrotechnical measures; structural and non – structural measures), necessary for the abatement of solid flow and the negative effects of soil erosion on the environment. A critical observation is that the WEPP model is applicable only for small basins; the model can only use a single file with climate characteristics, namely the same type of storms or torrential rains through entire area of hydrographical basin (the same rain intensity and duration).
more abstracthydrographical basin; soil erosion; solid flow; soil moisture; land use
Presentation: oral
DownloadTRACE ELEMENTS AND METAL BIOAVAILABILITY IN SOILS TREATED WITH INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES pag. 25-30
Berbecea Adina, Radulov Isidora, Sala Florin, Crista F.The aims of this paper are to present fundamental chemical reactions of metals in soils treated with industrial residues and to compare the two methods of trace elements phytoavailability estimation: sequential extraction method and plant bioassay method. Trace elements solubility and availability in land-applied industrial residues is governed by fundamental chemical reactions between metal constituent, soil and residual components. Organic matter, phosphates, carbonates, sulphides, iron, manganese and aluminium oxides are important sinks for trace elements in soil – residues system. The most important chemical property that govern trace elements availability, solubility, precipitation and sorption is pH of soil-residues system. Trace elements phytoavailability in soils treated with industrial residues is often estimated using soil /residues extraction methods. Spectroscopic studies shown that sequential extraction methods may not be accurate in soil-residues system. The best method to measure the effect of trace elements from industrial residues on phytoavailability seems to be plant bioassay. The key concepts use to describe phytoavailability are: the salt effect, the plateau concept and the soil plant barrier. Metals availability in soils from metal salts addition is higher than availability of metals from industrial residues. Metals content in plant show plateau at high residual loadings corresponding to the residuals metal concentration and sorption capacity. The soil plant barrier limits transmition of many trace elements through the food chain. Cadmium, an important human health concern, can bypass the soil-plant barrier. For trace elements phytoavailability estimation we used sequential extraction of trace elements from soil treated with mining steril (industrial residue), and plant bioassay method. Results of many studies that support these concepts provides a basis for understanding the relationship between trace elements chemistry and phytoavailability in industrial residues treated soils. Researches are needed to determine mechanisms for trace elements retention in soils and predict the long term bioavailability of trace elements in soil – industrial residue system.
more abstracttrace elements; metal bioavailability; chemical extraction procedures; industrial residues
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEM ON SOIL COMPACTATION pag. 31-37
Boja Nicu, Boja FlorinelThe research in cause has as a purpose the identification of the technical means of optimal mechanisation used in the forest nurseries, which are meant to lead to an decrease degree of compaction, a rise of the qualitative level of the processing. The purpose of the research is scientifically motivated through the necessity of introducing new tools for the execution of the works implied for soil preparation about activity settlement . In the last decades at a worldwide level a large quantity of energy was used to reduce the negative influences of soil compaction, because of the human activity influence. This research is justified in the existence of compacted soil, with a poor settling and a poor development of the roots of forest samplings. Soil compaction assumes volume compression of the soil under the action of external factors. As solid particles can not be compressed, the air pockets between them reduce and therefore through compaction the dimensions of the pores is modified, their distribution and also the soil durability. The degree of compaction of the soil can be estimated thru apparent density, total porosity and degree of settling . So as to trigger the achievement of the purpose mentioned-above, there were established the following main objectives: - The determination of the influence of different methods of soil processing on some physical and mechanical properties as describe soil bearing (apparent density, total porosity and degree of settling ); - The parallel analysis of the influence of the processing system on the soil compaction. The researches were made in the forest nursery of Iarac, following the influence of the tillage system over the soil bearing . The tillage systems that were applied were classic system (classical plough + 2X disks) and a minimal system (paraplow + rotary harrow). Samples were taken in their natural setting with metallic cylinder of 100 cm 3 , to determine some physical characteristics on four depths, for each sample there were completed six repetitions, harvested after each technical finished work. The degree of novelty resides in the fact that the soil bearing can be characterized with the help of some physical and mechanical properties of the samples taped from different depths after each technical tilling made, observing concurrently the influence of the soil preparation system over the compaction. The utility of this paper is justified by the research data collected, processed, analyzed and made valuable in order to offer a pertinent material for study, which could be thus used by the specialists in the projection of the process of preparation of the germination bed according to the chosen processing system. From the analysis of the results obtained during the research carried on and presented here, we may distinguish some original contributions in the domain of soil processing and in the way of determining the soil bearing in the process of preparation of the germination bed. This paper is important because it offers concrete values of some physical and mechanical properties, which direct influence about soil bearing , resulted after each technical work of preparation of the soil in a classical tillage system and in a minimum tillage system.
more abstractcompaction; technical work; compression degree
Presentation: oral
DownloadON THE FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE AGRICULTURAL YIELD AND THE FERTILIZATION WITH A SINGLE TYPE OF FERTILIZER pag. 38-43
Marius Boldea, Florin Sala, Isidora Radulov, Florin Crista, Adina BerbeceaIt is common knowledge that applying fertilizers is of utmost importance for obtaining higher yields and considerable profits. People are also aware of the risk of polluting the environment if the fertilizers are not applied properly. Therefore, knowing exactly what dosage is beneficial for each crop, in the particular conditions of each region, has represented the aim of research for many years. Thus, throughout the history of research in this field, mathematicians have worked together with agrochemists in interdisciplinary teams in order to get at better results. The main objective of the present paper is to prognose unifactorially the yields for any possible dosage of fertiliser. Knowing that the models we propose represent functional relations between productions and doses applied, we also know that the best prognosis will be generated by the most accurate determination of the constants which will intervene in the function expressions. Nitrogen ( ) - based fertiliser is known to be the most important chemical fertiliser; it is the most commonly used. Some factories produce fertilisers which contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ( , , ) in pre-established proportions, which for the purpose of this study can be considered as being equivalent to a single type of fertiliser. Among the first important models which give the mathematical relation between agricultural yield and fertilisers is the Mitcherlich function. Admitting that yield increase is proportional to the saturation superdeficit , the following differential equation results: , (1) the solution of which is , (2) in other words, the Mitcherlich function. In order to exemplify we apply the above-mentioned model on wheat experiences on Alex variety. The experiment was carried out at Timisoara Didactic Station between 2006 and 2009. The results are shown in Table 1. Constants , and in relation (2) are determined through confrontation with experimental data, using the least squares method. When we represent grafically the Mitcherlich function and the experimental data, we get pictures 1-4. These graphics show that the experimental data are close to the theoretic curves, and this fact confirms the mathematical model taken into consideration.
more abstractfertilization; Mitscherlich; least squares; modeling
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF SOME TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE DEGREE OF COMPACTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ON SOYBEAN CROP IN THE MOLDAVIAN PLAIN pag. 44-51
M.S. Cara, G. Jităreanu, C. Ailincăi, Irina Coroi, L. Răus, G. ChiriacThe purpose of this study consists in establish the optimal variant of soil conservation that ensure favorable conditions for plant growth and development, in pedoclimatic conditions of Moldavian plain. The experience was carried out in the eastern part of Romania in experimental field of Didactical Station of USAMV Ia ș i, Ezăreni Farm and the main objective is to assess the degree of compaction and the productivity of soybean crop under the influence of conventional system: ploughed at 30 cm (V 1 ) and unconventional systems – paraplow (V 2 ) chisel (V 3 ) and disk harrow variant on a cambic chernozem with a clay loamy texture, 6.6 – 6.9 pH units, 33 – 34 % clay content middle provided in N and P 2 O 5 and agreebly in K 2 O. Studies of many researches has concluded that some areas such tillage systems are incomplete discussed and showed a new approach and a pronounced increase of research in the development of systems for their conservation. The results obtained from the research can be generalized in terms of production in Moldavian plain and in other areas with similar climatic conditions, farmers can apply these treatments to improve and maintain the physical condition of soil. Indicators of state of compaction increased from sowing to harvesting and with the depth in all experimental variants. The values of bulk density at the end of vegetation period change under the influence of tillage systems and soil depth. The values on 0 – 10 cm depth increased with 0.07 g/cm 3 compared with 10 – 20 and 20 – 30 cm , where the mean values of bulk density were 0.05 g/cm 3 and respectively 0.03 g/cm 3 . The degree of compaction at sowing showed reduced values, then increased with depth, reaching to harvest at a slightly compacted soil. The values of penetration resistance showed a clear distinction through the soil profile, with maximum values at disk harrow (0.84 – 2.34 MPa), minimum values in ploughed at 30 cm variant (0.69 – 2.27 MPa) and intermediate values at chisel variant (0.65 – 2.29 MPa) and paraplow variant (0.67 to 2.30 MPa). The crop yield performed by unconventional tillage systems (2954 - 3134 kg / ha) have values of those obtained by plough variant (3339 kg/ha) except disk harrow variant (2656. 6 kg / ha).
more abstractphysical properties; tillage systems; bulk density; resistance to penetration; soybean
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF SOME TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON PEDOMORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN DRYNESS CONDITIONS ON MAIZE CROP pag. 52-59
M.S. Cara, G. Jităreanu, F. Filipov, Irina Coroi, D. ŢopaThe main objective of this study consists in the effect of some tillage systems on pedomorphological indicators of cross section made in experimental field Ezăreni – Iasi, on the development of advanced agricultural technologies for crop cultivation. In Romania have been conducted many researches on the influence of various tillage systems on physical, chemical and biological indicators and their residual effect, and less insisted on the morphological changes. The study of pedomorphological indicators have been accomplished on cross section (2x0.7m) performed after harvesting maize and the variants were: ploughed at 30 cm depth (V 1 ), paraplow (V 2 ), chisel (V 3 ) and disk harrow (V 4 ). The novelty and originality of the study consists in illustrating the morphological indicators through images performed from cross section and processed with special programs. The morphological description of cross section of cambic chernozem was based on the pedomorphological indicators presented in development methodology of pedological study (vol. III, I.C.P.A., 1987). Pedomorphological indicators of soil cross section may be an additional criteria in choosing a tillage system suited to local climatic features. In conditions of very dry spring, the pedomorphological indicators of cross section where the soil was performed with disk harrow shows on the 9 cm and 21 cm depth a loosening – compactated state aspect confirmed by the values of bulk density between 1.27 and 1.62 g / cm 3 . The presence of compact layer on soil surface prevent water infiltration and retention of greater quantities of water in the layer 0 - 9 cm. Effect of drought on plant growth and development was emphasized, whereas much of the water retained in the surface layer of soil is lost through direct evaporation and could not be used by plants.
more abstractpedomorphological indicators; soil physical properties; management systems; soil tillage; maize crop
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ASSESSMENT OF SOME HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL ARIDITY INDICES IN THE BEND SUBCARPATHIANS AND PERIPHERAL ZONES pag. 60-70
Viorel Chendeş, Sorin Cheval, Sorina DumitruThis study tackles an interdisciplinary water resources issue, comprising one of the joint researches in Meteorology, Hydrology, Soil Science and Agronomy. Thereby, the main hydrometeorological parameters for identifying areas affected by water deficit will be discussed. Drought is one of the major natural hazards that may cause great losses to the rural community each year, due to the dependence of agriculture on water resources, especially water scarcity, during different phenophases of crop growth. A climate with high evaporation and limited precipitation leads to limited yields. During the minimum runoff periods caused by meteorological droughts, stream channels are recharged exclusively from groundwater, their flow rate being dependent on the state of aquifers depletion, as well as on the manner in which river channels intercept the water table. The investigated area (Bend Subcarpathians and peripheral zones) is characterized by a greater frequency of dry autumn seasons starting north of Buzau, both in the internal and external Subcarpathians. A higher frequency has been identified along the Prahova Valley, too. North to Buzau, the summer seasons perform a similar trend. In some areas, the mean maximum ranges of the consecutive days with no rainfall exceed annually 20 days. A larger interval for average number of days with no rainfall is registered in autumn (more than 22 days). An analysis of minimum monthly mean discharge frequency highlights the same pattern with that of rainfall analysis: more than 50% occurrence in autumn season, especially for subcarpathian basins, with higher frequency in Prahova Subcarpathians (over 60%). In Vrancea Subcarpathians, these values recorded a large frequency in summer, too. To identify the water deficit areas, “Emm. The Martonne” aridity index has been used, expressing the relationship between climate, vegetation and water resources. This index was calculated and mapped both for multiannual values and for summer only. The frequency of minimum monthly mean discharge in summer is related mostly to this index, as well as to the catchment area in a smaller proportion. Therefore, a correlation between the frequency and a parameter which incorporate the aridity index for summer, catchment elevation and surface has been obtained.
more abstractdrought indices; SPI; CDD; minimum runoff; monthly discharge; Bend Subcarpathians
Presentation: oral
DownloadESTIMATING THE DURATION OF DAYLIGHT IN A GIVEN TIME OF THE YEAR DEPENDING ON THE LATITUDE OF THE LOCATION pag. 71-76
Ciprian Chiruta, Marius Calin, Feodor FilipovPhotoperiodicity is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. The total amount of energy is unimportant as long as it exceeds some low minimum level required to trigger changes in phytochrome. Response to photoperiodic stimuli include flowering, tuber and bulb formation, bud dormancy, seed germination etc. Since the relationship between the daily succession of light and dark periods frequently influences flowering and fructification of plant species, photoperiod appears as a major contributing factor in limiting areal plant species and associations. Knowing the variation of the daily light period duration and requirements of various plants in different growing phases according to the day light is useful in agricultural practice in order to determine the period of plant cultivation, crop rotation and duration of lighting in protected areas (greenhouses, solariums) in the case of using additional sources of illumination. Establishing successive vegetable cultivation and instalments will be both depending on their requirements according to day length and on the purpose for which plants (leaves, underground organs, inflorescences, etc.) are being cultivated. Since the change in the duration of daily light depends on the location this paper presents a calculation method in order to determine the period of the year with a certain minimum amount of daylight duration depending on the latitude value of the location expressed in degrees and minutes.
more abstractphotoperiodicity; duration of daily light; location in degrees
Presentation: oral
DownloadUPDATING SIG-MZP DATABASE FOR BRAILA PLAIN pag. 77-82
Valentina Coteţ, Sorina Dumitru, Victoria Mocanu, Marius EfteneThe main objective of this paper is to emphasize the distribution of soils in Braila Plain taking in the account the subunits of relief and pedogeoclimatic microzones. The final goal is to update of the pedogeoclimatics microzones limits. Microzonation of Romania territory was carried out in two successive editions (Florea et al, 1989, 1999), when they separate microzones as distinct cartographic units based on 3 characteristics: climate, relief and soil. Some years later, in a project during 2002-2004, a Geographic Information System, SIG-MZP, has been developed, the database being stored in digital format. For Braila Plain, Coteţ et al (2009) carried out an overlay between the microzones and soil maps, each microzone taking adequate information from soil map. A statistics on the soil percentage from each microzone has been done. The resulting map was achieved by processing information from Microzones map at the scale 1:1 000 000, from the existing database of ICPA, and a series of papers regarding this area. From the map pedogeoclimatics microzones, the area of Braila Plain has been cropped using GIS techniques, with ArcView 3.2. The limits of the microzones of the study area have been modified, and information has been taken on the microzones map. In this paper the limits for pedogeoclimatic microzones from Braila Plain are corrected and updated. The information from SIG-MZP database was analyzed for the territory studied. By correcting and updating the limits of pedogeoclimatic microzones of Braila Plain one could specify the exact soil types in each microzone, their distribution and surface, soil amelioration activities in each microzone, land use, as well as the risk assessment at different soil degradation processes.
more abstractpedogeoclimatic microzones; Braila Plain; soil maps
Presentation: oral
DownloadPHOSPHORUS AND ITS MOBILITY IN THE ACID SOILS pag. 83-87
Gheorghe Craioveanu, Violeta Carigoiu, Lucica SîrbuThe purpose of the research was establishing the quantity of mobilized phosphorus within the acid soils, the quantity of mobilized phosphorus by neutralizing the acidity and the quantity of phosphorus that must be supplementary administrated in order to reach an optimal supply for the soil. The results are a synthesis of the specific analytical data that resulted from the studies and the soil researches made at 1:10000 scale; a follow up will be made at a 1:5000 scale. The working procedures both on the field and in laboratory were created by The National Institute for Research and Development for Pedology, Agrochemistry and Environment Protection – I.C.P.A. Bucharest, and the materials that were used are the ones specified by the procedures. The update is done by the correlation between the soil acidity generally regarded and especially the mobile aluminum and the blocked phosphorus quantity. The specialized documentation underlines the fact that the acidity is blocking the phosphorus without adding any quantitative specifications. For agricultural practice the research results specify the phosphorus quantity that can come out of neutralizing the acidity, as well as the phosphorus add-ins in order to reach an optimal level in the soil. Acyditity neutralization can be done by periodical liming in the correct amounts. The amendment amount are based on agrochemical studies performed for this purpose. The importance of the present research result from the practical implications, in the sense of saving up a part of the phosphorus necessary for a certain growth (the quantity that is mobilized by neutralization), to which we must add that a range of physical and chemical indexes are also enriched. The soil chemistry data (pH,Ah,SH,Al,P), has been studied on a surface of 106476 hectares, representing the acid soil surface of Gorj County with a pH smaller than 5.8. The results can be applied for all Romanian soils that are acid due to excess mobile aluminum.
more abstractphosphorus mobility; aluminum; acid soils
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION UPON SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS CROP FROM ZEMUN POLJE pag. 88-91
Florin Crista, Florin Sala, Isidora Radulov, Laura CristaThe paper showed that fertilizers doses used in order to obtain maximum or economical optimal productions vary between large limits from one year to another based on climatic condition. The crop obtain from studied hybrids varied based on mineral fertilizer doses used on area unit from 10000 kg grains per hectare up to 14000 kg grains per hectare. The fertilizers increase obvious the level and the quality of the crops, if they are used rational. The crop profit value must cover the established expenses of their secure and application and to bring profit. The fertilizer’s price increased a lot in the last years, because these are being obtained with high energy consume, that’s why is very important the administration process of production in order to obtain maximum efficiency. The decisions concerning the quantities of fertilizer and the application way, depends of the following factors: - The specific consume of nutritive elements of the cultivated plants; - The state of supplying the soil with nutritive solutions indispensable to the plants; - The agricultural system (crop rotation); - The agro-technical measures used; - The remains of the fertilizer applied in the former year; - The moment and the way of application for the current year; - The fertilizer’s nature and the economical restrictive factors; The main issue of fertilizers use is to maximize their efficiency per active substance unit. Efficiency implies the ratio of nitrogen in fertilizers which are recuperated from crop boost and, on the other hand, efficiency refers to the quantity of main product which is obtaining from active substance unit. Efficiency can be increased by loses control and removal which appear without doubt on various manners. The quantities of fertilizers entirely used depend of soil wealth in nutritive elements, plant specific consumption, crop rotations, last year’s precipitation, and also of the intensity of diseases and pests.
more abstracthybrid; fertilization; maize; crop
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE STUDY REGARDING FEATURES IMPLIED IN CROP POTENTIAL AND CAPABILITY OF SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS FROM ZEMUN POLJE pag. 92-96
Florin Crista, Florin Sala, Isidora Radulov, Laura CristaThe research was conducted in experimental field from SDE Timisoara in 2009 on mold bill soil and implied 20 maize hybrids (FAO 300 - 400) from Maize Research Station Zemun Polje Beograd. The features implied were crop per plant, MMB and the number of grains rows per cob. After 2000, the number of firms marketing hybrid seed increased very much and thus one can find nowadays a lot of hybrids that do not always answer in a satisfactorily manner from an economic point of view. The research method used was the comparative culture with three replications. The elements of micro plot trial are as follows: Number of experimental hybrids – 20; Number of check hybrids – 2; Total number of hybrids in trial – 24; Number of replications – 3; Number of locations – 1; Number of micro plots per trial – 72; Total number of micro plots in locations – 72; Inter row distance - 70 cm; Distance between plants - 21 cm; Number of plants per micro plot – 20; One row micro plot size/hybrid - 2.94 m 2 . The seed for two check hybrids (the most popular commercial hybrids at the market from FAO 300-400 maturity range) should be provided by Performer. Hybrids under study belong to different precocity groups, starting with semi-early ones up to late ones, according to FAO classification. The maximization of biologically production potential in the case of hybrids taken under study implies their research in high densities and under optimum technological conditions in order to do not interfere with their capacity of production. Higher densities per area unit can create optimum condition in order to obtain appropriate features for top production potential. On this purpose, 20 plants per each row of subdivided parcel were harvested in order to determine the features taken under study. Keeping in mind the importance of correct technology use in maize crop, farmers should obtain an optimal density and a homogeneous crop.
more abstractmaize; hybrid; crop; yield
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN MANURE ON YIELDS OF SOME VARIETIES OF GRAPES FOR WINE pag. 97-101
Alin Dobrei, Mariana Poiană, Alina Ghiţă, Mihaela MălăescuThe concept of sustainable viticulture increasingly involves among others the current restrictions on the use of chemicals in viticulture and finding alternatives for their replacement without affecting the quantity and quality of grape production, which is responsible to these studies. In this research has concerned the replacement of conventional fertilization with chemical fertilizers, by using of green fertilizers in several variants for fertilization bearing vines. In the western area in recent years began to have concerns regarding alternatives to traditional technology, but they limited themselves to an alternative grassing intervals without taking into account the use of green fertilizer plant by intake of nutrients to the ground partially or totally replace chemical fertilizers. Experimental variants were found in cultivation in the interval between rows of vines of : V1 - Borceag, V2 - vetch, V3 - Sainfoin. Were left rooted to the line protection strips of 40 cm. I followed for three years (2007-2009) the effect of experimental variations on wood maturation, bud viability, maturation of the grapes, the quality and quantity of production in some varieties of wine grape grown in the vineyard Buziaş-Silagiu. The results were encouraging, all variants providing numerous advantages compared with control version (use of complex fertilizers). In the future importance of these types of research will become increasingly important with increasing environmental concerns and obtain wine products as healthy for human body. Using green manure allowed obtaining of products with high quality, with a lower content in chemical elements and at the same time helped to improve of soil physical and chemical characteristics and reduce the harmful impact on the environment. Research has been possible and thanks to their support of the research project: Development of some models of advanced viticultural technologies in accordance with the pedoclimatic conditions, the varietal assortments and sustainable viticulture principles, PNII-IDEI, code 1128, No. 355/01.10.2007, Project Manager: Prof. dr. Dobrei Alin.
more abstractsustainable viticulture; green manure; quantity - quality; impact; environment
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE USAGE OF SMALL VOLUME FERTILIZERS AND BIOSTIMULATORS FOR INCREASING THE BIOPRODUCTIVITY OF THE VINE GROWING SYSTEM pag. 102-107
Alin Dobrei, Florin Sala, Alina Ghiţă, Mihaela MălăescuThe large production of biomass which is harvested every year from the vine growing soils requires finding some modern methods, as less pollutant as possible, which would give back to the soil at least a part of the substances which the grape vine has extracted from it. The necessity of obtaining profit constrains the vine growing exploitations to permanently improve their technologies, but at the same time to take into consideration also the concept of durable vine growing. The purpose of the present research was to identify modern methods of fertilization which use chemical products in as small amounts as possible, but which at the same time assure the growing or maintaining the bioproductivity of the vine growing system at an appropriate level of efficiency. The experimental variants have consisted in using different combinations of three types of foliar chemical fertilizers and biostimulators which have replaced the classical chemical fertilizers frequently used in vine growing. These fertilizers can’t permanently replace the classical fertilizers, but used temporarily they assure a series of advantages, not only of economic nature, but also regarding the reduction of soil contamination and of vineyard products by the chemical compounds. The research has been carried out in the vineyard and ampelografic collection of S.D. Timişoara, on some breeds of table grapes in the case of which the commercial aspect is an essential factor regarding the consumer’s choice. We were mainly interested in observing the influence of these experimental variants on some quantitative but mostly qualitative aspects of production, and also their influence on the endurance of the breeds at low temperatures and freeze. The research had as a support the project: Elaboration of competitive models of vine growing technologies, in accordance with the pedo climatic conditions, grape sortiments and the principles of durable vine growing. Project IDEI, code 1128, Nr.-355/01.10.2007. Leader of project: Prof. Univ. Dobrei Alin.
more abstractfertilisation; foliar fertilisers; biostimulators; quantity; quality; table grapes
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE MAIN ANTHROPIC SOILS (SPOLIC ENTIANTROSOILS) ENCOUNTERED IN THE MINING BASIN OF OLTENIA ON SURFACES AFFECTED BY SURFACE QUARRIES pag. 108-111
Ana Maria Dodocioiu, Romulus Mocanu, Elena RosculeteThe economic activities that produce radical changes to soils are mainly represented by mining industry by surface coal extraction. The surface mining is the most aggressive for of soil degradation. After the surface mining, by excavation and depositation processes the damage on soil is harsh, the soil factor totally dissapearing and at the surface there appear new downward rocks. These soil types are brand new in this domain of anthropic soils and we emphasize the physical and chemical features of them, their fertility degree and their classification. There have been analyzed the following anthropic soils: spolic entiantrosoil Sandy silty on sands from Berbesti Rosia de Amaradia mining basin; spolic entiantrosoil silty on silt from Motru – Valea Manastirii mining basin; spolic entiantrosoil Silty sandy sandy on sands from Rovinari – Rapa mining basin; spolic entiantrosoil clay silt on clays from Rovinari Rapa mining basin; spolic entiantrosoil sandy silty/silty sandy on sands and silt from Turceni – Balteni mining basin; spolic entiantrosoil silty on silt from Turceni – Urdari mining basin. These anthropic soils have the following physical and chemical features: the soil reaction is highly acid to moderate alkali (pH = 4.9 – 8.5); the organic matter content is between 0.16 to 6.09%; the available phosphorus content is 3.2 – 49 ppm low to well supplied; the available potash content is 22 to 172 ppm very low to average supplied; the sum of exchangeable bases (SB) 7.2-39.5 me/100 g soil; the bases saturation degree (V) is around 74.5%; the texture is heterogenous from sandy to clay – silt yet predominates the sandy silty materials, silty or silty sandy (60%). On the soil profile the soil can homogenous or heterogenous as texture, color, compactity and consistency. They have no structure. The paper is original being the first complex study on entriantrosoils from mining zones in order to classify these soils.
more abstractspolic entiantrosoil; sterile dumps; soil reaction; bases sum; available phosphorus; available potassium
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS OF SOIL DEGRADATION IN GORJ DISTRICT pag. 112-115
Ana Maria Dodocioiu, Romulus Mocanu, Mihail SusinskiThe Gorj District has an agricultural land of 427.579 ha. Of this surface, 78.909.40 ha (19%) is affected by different human activities. In order to identify the soils that undergo degradation in Gorj District as well as the effects of this degradation on soils, during 2008-2009 period there was made an inventory and mapping of the soils degraded by different industries. There was noticed that the main human activities that determine the soil degradation are represented by mining industry, energetic industry and building material industry. The surfaces degraded in this way are as follows:1. Mining industry = 13.509.4 ha of which: surface mining = 13,034.60 ha; oil extraction = 874.80 ha. 2. Energetic industry (dust from power plants) = 50.000.00 ha. 3. Building materials industry (cement dust) = 15,000.00 ha. The total surface affected by different pollution sources in Gorj District = 78,909.40 ha. It was observed that because of these human activities the most affected soils have been the eutricambosoils and luvosoils. The eutricambosoils have been affected on surface of 21,371.08 ha of which 4,381.68 ha by physical pollutionsand 16,989.40 ha by chemical pollution. The luvosoils have been affected on a surface of 23,542.92 ha of which 2,373.42 ha by physical pollution and 21,169.50 ha by chemical pollution. As relief the soil degradation is represented as follows: 38,372.52 ha on slopes, lowlands and terraces and 37,069 ha on ridges and plateau. The paper presents an analysis of the changes induced to soils by human factors and their effect on different soil horizons. It is a valuable tool for elaborating recovery measures of ecological buildup on every soil type and relief form.
more abstractmining industry; geomorphology; geological deposits; physical pollution; chemical pollution
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ADJUSTEMENT OF JRC PEDOTRANSFER RULES AT A SCALE OF 1:200,000 pag. 116-121
Sorina Dumitru, Catalin Simota, Viorel ChendeşThe European Soil Bureau handles the European Soil Database, based on the 1:1 000 000 scale „Soil Geographical Map of Europe”. The fourth component of this database is a series of pedotransfer rules (PTR) allowing to derive a number of additional properties for practical purposes. These PTR are based on expert judgement, being mainly qualitative. Output attributes have been selected on the basis of the environmental parameters needed for the problems faced. The aim of this paper was the adjustement of the european Pedotransfer Rules at national level, on the basis of the 1:200 000 Soil Map. The data sources have been chosen as following: the soil map (at the scale 1:200 000), the parental material map derived from the 1:1 000 000 soil map, the climatic data from MARS project (on a grid 1km x 1km), the SRTM (90 m x 90 m grid), the LCCS Map (at the scale 1:100 000). Several macros have been developed in order to model the JRC Pedotransfer Rules. The problems derived from the data sources, at different scales, and from the adjustement of their values. The outputs are saved as a .txt file, in order to join to the main map (soil or LCCS) and to be spatial represented. The results could be used in models of hydrological process in soil, the plant growth, or others soil processes, because there is a need of some new soil parameters, not existing on the soil map. The results have been compared with some Romanian Pedotransfer Rules, developed in ICPA in different research projects. The structure of the macros developed for modelling the PTR are presented in the papers, as well as some maps of new calculated parameters.
more abstractpedotransfer rules; soil map of Romania; soil parameters
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION PROCESS IN A TEST AREA AT NUTS4 LEVEL pag. 122-130
Sorina Dumitru, Victoria Mocanu, Valentina Coteţ, Marius EfteneSoil erosion forms a major threat to European soil resources, soil being a vital and largely non-renewable resource. Therefore, there is a concern about this issue at european level. Assessing and monitoring soil erosion is needed to evaluate the impact of, inter alia, agricultural and land use policies in Europe. A case-study at a commune (NUTS4) level has been developed in order to comparate two ways of applying the USLE equation (a model adjusted by Motoc, and also PESERA model). The input data are the soil map at the scale 1:200 000, a soil map for Adamclisi at the scale 1:10 000, as well as the grid 1km x 1km with the soil loss from running the European PESERA Model. Firstly, the area affected by the soil erosion process are designed based on the soil maps at the two scales. The second step was to assess the water erosion risk, based on the information from 1:200 000 soil map. Thirdly, a model of calculating the potential soil loss using USLE equation, adapted by Motoc and Simota, in two cases – land with and without cannopy – have been runned. The erosivity and erodability coefficient are assessed using expert judgement, the slope and the aspect have been calculated using ArcView modules. Finnally, the PESERA model (Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment) has been runned, and the outputs have been compared with the outputs from the previous model. It can be noticed that there is a similitude between the soil loss from PESERA with that from soil map at the scale 1: 200 000, but there is a difference in the magnitude for the two models, the area affected by erosion process being approximately the same.
more abstractsoil erosion; USLE equation; PESERA model
Presentation: oral
DownloadCOSIDERATION CONCERNING ON THE BIOLOGICAL NEOFORMATION RESULTING AFTER SOME LUMBRICIDE ACTIVITIES IN GREENHOUSES SOILS pag. 131-136
Feodor Filipov, Marinela BădeanuBiological neoformations are recent or relict accumulations in the soil mass, resulting in actions performed by the vegetal or animal organisms. They can be easily distinguished in the pedogenetic horizons of the profile, according to color, shape and chemical composition. The constitution of these neoformations is influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the use category of the land, the way the soil is exploited, the fertilization system of the plants, the phytosanitary treatments and the agricultural system as a whole. Biogenic neoformations in the soil appear as a result of the action of the animal organisms and plant roots. The biogenic neoformations of animal origin are: the mole channels, the coprolites, the earthworm channels, the larvae nests. The soil survey activity also involves the description of the soil cover plants and of the species of animal organisms (pedofauna) which determined the formation and evolution of the soil. The performed pedological studies frequently mention only the presence of some biogenic neoformations, without presenting the species of organisms which contributed to their formation. We consider that the identification of the species of organisms involved in the formation of the biological neoformations is of vital importance. Earthworm populations develop predominantly in most soils in the tropical and temperate areas. If we take into consideration the soil biomass, earthworms can be considered the prevailing group of invertebrates in most soils. Most earthworms, such as Lumbricus, Eisenia , Eiseniella, Allobophora, Octolasium etc., belong to the Lumbricidae family. The presence of these organisms can be an indicator of the health condition of the soils. Earthworms contribute to the formation of the soil structure, increase its water permeability, stimulate its microbiological activity, and increase the water retention capacity. This paper deals with some criteria for establishing the group of earthworms which determined the formation of the system of galleries also known as earthworm channels.
more abstractneoformations; earthworm channels; greenhouses soils
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL FERTILIZATION UPON DESIRÉE AND OSTARA POTATOS PRODUCTION ON DISTRICAMBOSOL SOIL pag. 137-142
Eva Maria Fiţ, Maria Claudia HanganPotato is a current permanent issue, it is an essential factor to ensure food of the humanity, feeding the animals and industrial processing Because it forms an abundant vegetative mass and a high quantity of tubers per unit area, potato plant is a great consumer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The export of mineral elements from soil by crops is very high which causes rapid poorness of soil. is necessary a appropriate fertilization to prevent this phenomenon. The potatoes yielding occurs with a high consumption of nutrients, although consumption does not increase proportionally the crop production are obtained. a rational fertilization are obtained increases production from 30 to 70% and significant effect on the development quality of tubers production. The differential fertilization in the experimental field, from Avram Iancu place, Alba district, on the Districambosol soil the following fertilization treatments were applied: first possibility is considered as the control where no fertilization was made, the other treatments: N40P40K40, N80P80K80, N120P120K120, manure 20t/ha, manure 20t/ha + N40P40K40, manure 20t/ha + N80P80K80, manure 20t/ha + N120P120K120, leaf fertilizer + N40P40K40, leaf fertilizer + N80P80K80, leaf fertilizer + N120P120K120, leaf fertilizer + manure 20t/ha. Districambosol soil is an acid brown soil on shale hort crystalline clayey, affecting sustainable production capacity. The mandatory premise to increase yields per hectare is the cultivation of species and varieties of plants with high production capacity and optimization of agrochemical soil characteristics progressively by works and fertilization. By optimizing soil agrochemical is following maxim satisfaction in higher plants growing requirements as compared to plants growing in soil reaction and the presence of nutrients in certain concentrations and proportions between them. Some authors specifies that yield development growth with increasing dose of nitrogen and organic fertilizer, in our case the potato production increases in case of variety Desiree: N80P80K80 + leaf fertilizer, leaf fertilizer + N120P120K120 and to potato production increases variety Ostara the treatments are: N120P120K120, leaf fertilizer + N120P120K120.
more abstractpotato; differential fertilization; production
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONSIDERATIONS ABOUT SOME MOUNTAIN SOIL PARENT MATERIALS pag. 143-148
Alina Gherghina, N. FloreaIn Romania the mountain soils are developed on unstratified parent materials such as recent deluviums-eluviums formed from direct weathering of the rocks, and on stratified parent materials, a clayey interglacial layer, covered by postglacial deposits. In the Central Europe soil parent materials are stratified, formed in cold periods by periglacial processes. There were identified and described three layers who differ by the rock fragments litology, texture, mineralogy and heavy metals content (Kleber, 1990, 1992, 1997); additional those layers could incorporate loess, by periglacial processes (Semmel, 1993). This study has shown a very close connection between the parent material litology and granulometry and the soil types developed on mountain areas. There were identified both monogenetic soils, developed in present day conditions (Humosiosols, Criptopodzols, Podzols, Prepodzols), and poligenetic soils, formed on stratified parent materials (Eutricambosols and Districambosols).
more abstractparent material; mountain soils; stratification
Presentation: oral
DownloadHISTOSOLS AND SOME OTHER REFERENCE SOILS FROM THE SEMENIC MOUNTAINS - ROMÂNIA pag. 149-153
Adia Grozav, Gheorghe RogobeteThe Semenic is situated in the county of Caraş-Severin. Its highest elevation is 1445 m, the crystalline schists are represented of mica-schists, gneiss with granite intrusion. The Semenic has a climate moderately continental, with an annual average temperature, at 1400 m altitude, of 3,5-4,0oC, an annual average precipitation of 1400 mm. the slopes of the Semenic are covered by forests consisting mainly of beech. The high plain consists of pasture with single old beech trees. Because of the numerous springs there are large surfaces with water-logging where the topmost layer contains more or less living Sphagnum patches. The Sphagnum peat below consists of the same moss species and with additional species like Cyperaceae. In those areas were effectuated soil profiles, and the type of soil are Histosols, upon 34 ha, with a total volume of 320000m3. Histosols are Dystric, with o pH of 3,0-4,6, and are composed mainly of organic soil material. During development, the organic matter production exceeds the rate of decomposition. The decomposition is retarded mainly by low temperatures and anaerobic conditions which result in high accumulations of partially decomposed organic matter. Lateral linkages exist with a variety of other Reference Soil Group, including Podzols (Entic, Histi-Entic, Lepti-entic, Haplic, Umbric), Stagnosols, Cambisols and Regosols. A 1,6m Histosols profile was investigated by pollen and plant macrofossil analysis and dates by radiocarbon dating. The bottom date (140-150 cm), 6781±57BP, corresponds to the Mixed Oak Forest – Corylus zone – Middle Atlantic. Around the Histosols. Large areas are occupied by Podzols, soils characterized by the presence of a spodic horizon, in which the pH is 4,77 and BSP is 7,57. In this horizon amorphous compounds have accumulated consisting of organic matter and aluminium, with or without iron or other cations. Management requirements and use possibilities of Histosols are largely conditioned by characteristics such as the low bulk density and high compressibility and the high rate of decay upon drainage (subsidence), liming, fertilization. Podzols are used more often for forestry, extensive grazing or left fallow.
more abstractpeat; Histosols; Podzols; subsidence; pollen
Presentation: oral
DownloadCALCULATION OF DISTANCE BETWEEN DRAINS IN CONTROLLED REGIME pag. 154-160
Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Ioana Alina CostescuControlled drainage is a method used for the integration of irrigation management with drainage management. It implies the reduction of drainage flow in order to maximize the crop’s water utilization. In the same time, controlled drainage prevents the humidity excess and the salts accumulation in soil profile. Controlled drainage has the potential to improve the efficiency of water utilization by maintaining high agricultural productions even in water scarcity situations and to assure the exploitation of land drainage systems with high benefits for farmers. Even the method has a large tradition in countries with experience in drainage field (USA, Netherlands), at this hour, in Romania, we don’t apply this type of drainage, the researches in this domain being at an incipient level. The formula recommended for the calculation of distance between drains, in controlled drainage regime, is a variation of Hooghoudt formula for drainage design, in a modified form initially proposed by Fox in 1956 and corrected to actual form by Ernst in 1975. This method uses Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions of horizontal flow, Skaggs demonstrating that it is adequate for flow modelling in the case of subirrigation. In USA the researchers are using American standard EP 479 and subsequently modelling software specialized on drainage issues instead of selecting depths and distances between drains in the situation of designing a controlled drainage system. There are three possible types of errors which can appear in the situation of using the formula proposed by Hooghoudt. This errors are generated due to the difficulty of measuring very accurate the hydraulic conductivity and also due to different suppositions in installing a subirrigation system. This paper will present the results obtained in computing the distances between drains in controlled regime for soils with humidity excess from western Romania, being in this way an original paper. This paper is important because proposes a method which can proved to be very suitable for Timis County areas affected by humidity excess. In Timis County, during the last years, humidity excess alternated with drought periods. Taking in consideration this situation and the fact that only a relative small area is covered by irrigation arrangements (in comparison with the high area covered by drainage systems and the areas affected by water scarcity phenomenon) we can understand that controlled drainage can be a suitable solution as an efficient method to struggle drought effects by assuring an optimal level of soil humidity.
more abstractcontrolled drainage; efficiency; water utilization; drainage system
Presentation: oral
DownloadCALCULATION OF DISTANCE BETWEEN DRAINS USING ENDRAIN PROGRAM pag. 161-166
Rares Halbac-Cotoara-ZamfirEnDrain program, realized by Prof. Oosterbaan (Netherlands), computes the distances between drains and also determines shape of water-table level of by using the formula of flow’s energy balance. Oosterbaan, Boonstra and Rao (1994) introduced the energy balance of groundwater flow. It is based on equating the change of hydraulic energy flux over a horizontal distance to the conversion rate of hydraulic energy into to friction of flow over that distance. The energy flux is calculated on the basis of a multiplication of the hydraulic potential and the flow velocity, integrated over the total flow depth. The conversion rate is determined in analogy to the heat loss equation of an electric current. By using EnDrain program we can compute the flow discharged by drains, the head losses and the distance between drains also obtaining the curve described by water-table level. These calculations are necessary to design a drainage system in the frame of an irrigation system for water-table control, salts control and respective for soil’s humidity control. The calculation of distances between drains is based on the concept of underground flow’s energy balance. There also used the traditional concepts based on theories of Dupuit, water balance and mass conservation. The program allows the utilization of three different soil layers, each of them with their own permeability and hydraulic conductivity, on layer being above and two layers below drains level. The energy balance of groundwater flow developed by Oosterbaan, Boonstra and Rao and used for the groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers, is applied to subsurface drainage by pipes or ditches with the possibility to introduce entrance resistance and/or soils with anisotropic hydraulic conductivities. Owing to the energy associated with the recharge by downward percolating water, it is found that use of the energy balance leads to lower water table elevations than when it is ignored. The energy balance cannot be solved analytically and a computerized numerical method is needed. An advantage of the numerical method is that the shape of the water table can be described, which was possible with the traditional methods only in particular situations, like drains without entrance resistance, resting on an impermeable layer in isotropic soils. This paper proves its originality by presenting the results obtained in computing the distances between drains with EnDrain program for some soils with humidity excess from western Romania, and, very important, will present graphs with the shape of water-table level for the analyzed soils.
more abstractEnDrain; underground's flow energy balance; water-table level shape
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL FERTILIZATION UPON GOLDEN DELICIOUS AND STARKRIMSON APPLES PRODUCTION ON TYPICAL PRELUVOSOL SOIL pag. 167-171
Maria Claudia Hângan, Eva Maria FiţFrom ecological point of view, the fertilization using manure, animal urine, compost, manure juice is the most important for fruit trees growing. Fruit species store nutrients in the form of organic compounds on biological processes using them next year, and in case of failure in the same year for fruit producing achieving and perpetuating the species. Using differentiated fertilization on two varieties of apple: Golden Delicious and Starkrimson, we tried to determine the production depending on it. The soil on which we used the differential fertilization was typical preluvosol soil type and the experience is Farm 10, the farm is established in Reghin and the following fertilization treatments were applied: first possibility is considered as the control where no fertilization was made, the other treatments: manure 20 tons / ha annually, manure 20 t / ha annually + N60 P60 K60 kg as / ha, N100 P80 K100 kg as / ha, N120 P100 K120 kg as / ha, N60 P60 K60 + leaf fertilizer, N100 P80 K100 + leaf fertilizer, N120 P100 K120 + leaf fertilizer, N100 P80 K100 +40 t/ha manure to the three years. In order to maintain and raise the productive capacity of soils and to obtain economically efficient production of chemical fertilizers is recommended fertilization. The efficacy of organic fertilizer depends on the nitrogen index, clay content and soil pH. The use of manure has a positive influence on fruit production in apple orchards improving nutrition conditions for all species of trees. The largest apple production both Starkrimson and Golden Delicious variety were obtained from the following: N100 P80 K100 + 40t/ha manure in three years and N120 P100 K120 + leaf fertilizer. The effect of fertilizers application is due, in general, to adequate quantity and assortments that fertilization provides the necessary nutrients and not least, the interactions determined in soil-plant system through nutrient bioavailability. High doses of mineral fertilizers causes significant increases crop, but lower than that moderate doses organic - mineral (complete) and even if we apply manure + superphosphate.
more abstractapple; Golden delicious; Starkrimson; typical preluvosol soil; fertilization
Presentation: oral
DownloadON THE EFFECT OF USING THE BOSTIM PREPARATION ON YIELDING POTENTIAL AND ON QUALITY IN SOME WATERMELON CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION pag. 172-179
Arsenie Horgoş, Alexandra Becherescu, Anişoara Ienciu, Daniel PopaSetting a watermelon culture in the field with maximum economic efficiency supposes, besides the use of performing hybrids and the application of modern cultivation technologies that ensure optimal growth and development conditions for the plants. Among these conditions are maintaining optimal temperature, moisture, and nutrients at the level of the root system, of temperature and atmospheric moisture at the level of ground parts of the plant – all this through proper application of cultivation technology. Increasing yielding capacity in a watermelon plant can also be done through the stimulation of a larger number of flowers in parallel ensuring technological measures for the plants’ growth, development, and maturity. Research was carried out on competitive compared crops using tri-factorial experiments with the sub-divided plot system and with three replications. The experiment aimed at studying experimental crop hybrids from the point of view of the interaction between experimental factors (Factor A – cultivation technology, Factor B – hybrid, and Factor C – flower fecundation stimulation method) that were the main technical elements of a frame technology for the improvement of the cultivation of water melon in low tunnels of poly-ethylene sheet under present conditions. We studied 8 hybrids, of which 5 are extra early and early (Crisley F1, Red Comat F1, Ladz F1, Red Star F1, and Andry F1) and 3 are semi-late and late (Dunărea F1, Montana F1, and Caravan F1). The paper presents the effect of stimulating flower fecundation with Bostim and of applying modern cultivation technology in order to maximise the yielding potential of the studied hybrids. Modernising known cultivation technologies through drip-irrigation improvement and through proper fertilisation with modern fertilisers such as Kemira or Agriplant will have an impact on the yielding and quality potential of the studied hybrids. Thus, we can recommend specific methods to reach this goal and contribute to the deepening of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field. The increase in yield obtained through the application of the modernised cultivation technology is 17.3 t/ha (115.6%). Applying the preparation Bostim through spraying determined an increase of the number of flowers fecundated per plant and implicitly of the yield with both cultivation technologies. The increases in yield obtained with both classical improved and with modernised cultivation technologies are 13.3 and 20.2% respectively in the early and semi-early hybrids and 14.1% and 19.6% respectively in the case of late and semi-late hybrids. The paper present the effect of stimulating flower fecundation with the BOSTIM preparation and the effect of applying modern cultivation technology in order to get maximum yielding potential in the studied hybrids.
more abstracthybrid; technology; irrigation; fertilization; yielding potential; yield; preparation
Presentation: oral
DownloadYIELDING AND QUALITY POTENTIAL IN SOME YELLOW BELL PEPPER HYBRIDS AS A RESULT OF FOLIAR FERTILISER BIONEX, OF THE BIOREGULATOR SOLEX AND OF FERTIRRIGATION WITH THE SOLUBLE FERTILISERS KEMIRA AND AGRIPLANT USE DURING VEGETATION pag. 180-186
Arsenie Horgoş, Anişoara Ienciu, Alexandra Becherescu, Daniel PopaIn order to valorise the entire genetic yielding and quality potential of the yellow bell pepper cultivar or hybrid we need, besides ensuring optimal conditions of growth and development achieved technologically, special measures of stimulating flower fecundation which, under the impact of some negative factors abort, thus diminishing production. Research was carried out on competitive comparative crops, in a glasshouse, using a tri-factorial experiment set after the sub-divided plot method with three replications. Experiments aimed at studying hybrids under the impact of the interaction between experimental factors (Factor A – the cultivated hybrid, Factor B – the fertirrigation system with soluble fertilisers such as Kemira and Agriplant, and Factor C – type of stimulation of plant metabolism and flower fecundation with natural and synthesis preparations). Experimental results were processed with mathematical statistic calculus specific to the variance analysis method, resulting in significant yield differences on the ground of comparisons as a result of the interaction of the experimental factors. The three bell pepper hybrids under study, subjected to foliar treatments with a natural foliar fertiliser (Bionex) and with a bio regulator (Solex), are Italian; their destination is mainly industrial, due to the fruit features, but they are also destined to be consumed fresh. The conclusions of our analysis show that there is unilateral impact and interaction between experimental factors, which leads to the necessity to modernise cultivation technology in bell pepper. Modernity, in this case, is represented by the use of chemical fertilisers such as Kemira and Agriplant and by the idea of using natural foliar fertilisers and bio regulators whose range is more and more diversified. It is recommendable to use the fertilisation system Kemira on the studied hybrids since the yields obtained under the impact of this factor are statistically covered, with very significantly positive differences in yield. Natural or synthesis products used to stimulate plant metabolism and flower fecundation have a beneficial effect on bell pepper yields, that are higher than those of the control (not fertilised) with yield increases between 14.1 and 29.3%. The paper points out the level of the production thus obtained and its quality under the impact of some natural and synthesis products that stimulate plants’ metabolism and flower fecundation in the studied hybrids.
more abstracthybrids, crop tehnology, fertilization-irrigation, productive potential, bioregulatory, fertilization system
Presentation: oral
DownloadEFFECT OF NUTRIENT SUPPLY ON QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF HEMPSEED pag. 187-191
Ildikó Iványi, Zoltán IzsákiHempseeds are a rich source of proteins, vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. Compared to hemp oil, little research has been conducted on hemp protein, but this subject will receive more attention with the increasing use of hemp foods. Industrial hemp fertilization field experiment have been conducting in 2000 on chernozem meadow soil in Hungary to determine the quantity and quality of hemp stalk and hempseed at different nitrogen (N) application rate and different soil phosphate (P) and potassium (K) levels with Chinese monoecious variety for dual utilization. In this paper we report about the influence of N supply on stalk and seed yield, oil content, protein content, amino acid content, 9 essential amino acid and 8 non essential amino acid content of hempseed. Chinese monoecious hemp is suitable for dual usage. We can achieve 12-14 t/ha good quality stalk yield and 0,6-1,2 tha-1 seed yield with 2,25 million germsha-1 and with 80 kg/ha N fertilization in 3,5 humus content chernozem meadow soil. Hemseed had 32,8-33,6 % oil content, 24,8-26,9 % crude protein content and it contain all nine essential amino acids and eight non essential amino acids. N-fertilization increased the oil content and crude protein content and amino acid content of hempseed till 80-160 kgha-1 rates. More N did not increased or decreased that tested parameters. For dual usage Chinese monoecious hemp fertilization which take int consideration the plant requirements and environments also, is enough 80 kg/ha N application on soil 140-200 ppm AL-P2O5 phosphorus (P0, P1) and 400-430 ppm AL-K2O potassium (K2, K3) supply levels.
more abstractindustrial hemp; low-cost biological resource; dual utilization hemp; stem/stalk yield; seed yield; THC-content (tetra-hydro cannabinol); oil-content; protein-content; amino acid composition
Presentation: oral
DownloadNITROGEN BALANCE OF CHERNOZEM MEADOW SOIL IN LONG-TERM FERTILISATION FIELD EXPERIMENT pag. 192-198
Zoltán IzsákiThe elaboration and introduction of an environment-friendly N fertilisation system requires studies on the soil N regime, and on NO3-N accumulation and leaching under field conditions. The N balance of the soil and the depth distribution of NO3-N in the 200-300 cm soil layer was studied at four N supply levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kgha-1) in selected treatments in the 4th, 8th, 11th, 14th and 18th, years of a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment set up in 1989 on a chernozem meadow soil in Szarvas with 4Nx4Px4K = 64 treatment combinations. The soil was calcareous in the deeper layers, with an 85-100 cm humous layer had pH(KCl) 5.0-5.2, humus content 3.0-3.2 %, upper level of plasticity according to Arany (KA) 50, clay content 32 %. The following conclusions could be drawn from the experimental results: The chernozem meadow soil, which had a humus content of 3.0-3.2 %, possessed good N-supplying capacity, the total N quantity taken up by the plants over the course of 18 years amounted to 2273 kgha-1, equivalent to a mean annual N supply rate of 126 kgha-1. The annual N uptake ranged from 40-275 kgha-1 in the unfertilised plots, depending on the water supplies, the consequent crop yields and the N requirements of the crop. The soil N balance was negative at the 80 kgha-1 N fertiliser rate, but at this N supply rate the mean N uptake rate was 170 kgha-1year-1 and at higher N rates (160, 240 kgha-1) this only increased by 15-20 kgha-1 on average, with no significant increase in yield. N leaching was observed at the annual 80 kgha-1 N fertiliser rate and even in the unfertilised plots if deficiencies in the water supplies led to low yields and prevented the crops from absorbing all the available nitrogen. At 160 kgha-1 N the accumulated N balance was only slightly negative. In 7 of the 18 years plant N uptake was below 160 kgha-1. Under the given experimental conditions, considering the natural N-supplying capacity of the soil, the 160 kgha-1 N fertiliser rate proved to be excessive, surpassing the N requirements of the potential crop yield in most years and resulting in NO3-N leaching. The cumulative N balance for plots given 240 kgha-1 N fertiliser and in 11 of the 18 years the plant N uptake was less than kgha-1. There was no increase in yield at this N supply level, and yield depresion was recorded in some years, with considerable levels of NO3-N leaching. The substantial rise and fall of the groundwater as the result of excessively wet and dry years caused the leaching of substantial quantities of NO3-N.
more abstractN fertilisation; N turnover; NO3-N leaching; long-term trial
Presentation: oral
DownloadSELENIUM IN ROCK-SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF ROMANIA pag. 199-204
Radu Lăcătuşu, Monica Mihaela Aldea, Anca Rovena Lăcătuşu, Mihaela Lungu, Venera Mihaela Stroe, Nineta Rizea, Rodica LazărSelenium is a trace element with multiple functions in animal and human nutrition. Deficiency in selenium reported for sheep bred in Central Dobrogea, required to initiate a comprehensive study on the abundance of total Se in parental rocks, in soil and wheat plants (the whole plant, on 5-6 stage by Feeks scale, and the grain at maturity) from the southeastern Romanian Plain and Central and South Dobrogea. 17 samples of rocks and parental materials, 101 soil samples, 83 samples of wheat during the vegetation period, and 49 samples of wheat at maturity stage, were analyzed in terms of total and mobile selenium content in rocks and soils, and the total selenium in plants. Also, other chemical properties of the collected samples were determined. Analytical results obtained, compared with similar results from literature, have shown that both in rocks and soils, the selenium content in our country is lower than in other areas of the world, unaffected by the phenomenon of deficiency or toxicity in this microelement. Thus, compared to the normal average total selenium content of the worldwide soils (0.383 ± 0.255 mg·kg-1), in the South-Eastern Romanian Plain soils and in Dobrogea soils, the average total selenium content is 38%, respectively, 63% lower. Moreover, in Dobrogea deficiency phenomenon is more intense. Average content of mobile selenium, soluble CH3COONH4-EDTA solution at pH 7, of the Central and Southern Dobrogea soils is 3.5 times lower compared with that of the South-Eastern Romanian Plain soils (0.014 mg·kg - 1). If in wheat plants during the vegetation the selenium content (0,130 mg.kg-1) was close to normal (0,146 mg.kg-1), recorded in wheat plants grown in different countries with soils that are not affected by selenium deficiency or excess, in grains of wheat obtained in the south-east of the country the selenium content was lower, and the grains of wheat, particularly those obtained on Dobrogea soils, selenium content tended to be a value below the detection limit of the method (5 • 10 -4 mg • kg-1) used for analysis. It outlines the need to bio-fortify with selenium the wheat flour obtained from Central and Southern Dobrogea wheat or mixing it with other wheat that was cultivated in other climatic zones.
more abstracttotal selenium content; mobile selenium content; loess; green schist; Chernozem; Kastanozems; wheat
Presentation: oral
DownloadVEGETABLE GROWING ON ECOLOGICALLY CERTIFIED LAND pag. 205-216
Mihaela Lungu, Sorin Liviu Ştefănescu, Lucian Stoian, Marcela Fălticeanu, Monica Dumitraşcu, Petru NegulescuAs an answer for a cretain consumers category and in the frame of European concern for environment protection and healthier food, the Research-Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Bacău has been carying on researches for obtaining ecological vegetables for several decades. Researches of ecological agriculture are few, because, by definition an by legislation, ecological poducts have intrinsic value, exclusively detemined by the growing technologies. The Station has ecologically certified land ever since 1992. From the agrochemical point of view, the soil ment for ecological crops is normally developed, slightly acid, with a medium supply of the main nutritional elements, characteistic for the first terrace of the Siret river, suitable for vegetable gowing. The climate is moderately continental, with a multi-annual average temperature of 8,9ºC, characteristic for the second suitability zone for vegetable gowing, and the rainfall multi-annual average is 520 mm/m2, the rainiest month is in summer – July, with a multi-annual average of 80 mm/m2. Manny vegetable species are grown of wich only a few: green peppers, capsicum, tomatoes, and egg-plants are presented in this paper. Growing technologies are complex and include farm compost, green manure, and homologated and ecologically cetified products. The novelty of the researches carried on at SCDL Bacău consists of a complex approach having in view, at the same time, the preservation and improvement of the fertility soil properties, the plants nutritional status, the products mineral contents and their biochemical properties as compared to the same characteristics of conventionally grown vegetables. Increasing the yields, which are lower than those of the conventional vegetable growing, is also a goal, as well as improving the vegetables appearance, which is less pleasant than that of the conventional products. These last two aspects are limited by renouncing at the chemical fertilizers and pest control products. The final purpose of these researches, besides satisfying a certain consumers category, is to create and maintain specialized markets and ensure an adequate profit for the farmers. The present paper presents results of these researches obtained in 2006 and 2007. The soil fertility status is maintained at an adequate level over the yeas, the nutritional status of the crops is comparable with that of the conventional crops, and the nutritional value of the products, expressed by the mineral contents and biochemical properties, is no different of those of the conventional products.
more abstractecological vegetables; soil fertility; nutritional status
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON POTATO IN THE MOUNTAIN AREA, WITH RESPECT TO THE N, P, K TUBER CONTENT pag. 217-223
Marilena Mărghitaş, M. Rusu, Constantin Toader, Mihaela MihaiThe paper emphasizes the effect of organoo-mineral fertilization on tuber production and the content of the main mineral elements in the Semenic potato variety, under crop in the mountai region, in a rather harsh natural environment characterized by a damp and cold climate and the low quality of soils in the area. From a nutritional point of view, potato is considered a high-demand plant in terms of nutritive elements, as it forms and abundant plant mass and a high tuber quantity for the surface unit. It is a highly-consuming in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium, as well as microlements. The mineral element uptake in the soils for potato crop is high, thus determining the quick soil impovershment and requiring the proper fertilization of potato crop, which is adequate to the specific management system in the mountain area. Known as the basic occupation of the locals in the area, especially in animal breeding, thus obtaining a large quantity of organic fertilizers that, through a rational employment represent the mai fertilizing source for crops in the area. The cultivated assortment of crops in the area is limited to potato, rye, oat, certain fruit-trees and vegetables, while the rest of lands are covered with natural pastures and forests. For this assortment, potato shows he highest percentage, as it is an essential food product for locals and their animals, as the basic food support of people in the area. The organic matter formed in the soil on the basis of natural fertilizers positively influences the soil’s physical traits, contributes to the decraese of wind and water erosion, diminishes nutrition imbalances and enhances the effect of mineral fertilizers applied to complete the necessary of nutritional elements for plants. The paper aims at a correct assessment of the organo-mineral fertilizer requirement on the basis of the uptake of the main nutritive elements in the soil alongside the harvests and the relevant values- agrochemical indices of the soil, towards maintaining and enhancing soil fertility in the mountain area.
more abstractsoil; fertilization; mineral elements; potato
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE FERTILIZERS UPON SOIL HUMUS CONTENT AND PRODUCTIONS IN THE DIDACTIC STATION TIMIŞOARA TREE-PLANTATION IN INTENSIVE SYSTEM pag. 224-228
Casiana Mihuţ, Lucian Niţă, Karel Iaroslav Laţo, Olimpia Alina Iordănescu, Roxana MicuThis paper aims to improve the humus content of soil from Didactic Teaching Station Plantation of Timisoara to achieve higher production and better quality. Research has been conducted over a period of three years, that in 2007, 2008 and 2009. It will consider the continuation of this research, a longer period in order to offer better solutions to everyone in the area. Humus content in the soil (%) was determined by titrimetrice respectively Tiurin method. Principle of the method consists of oxidation of carbon in humus with a solution of anhydrous chromium or potassium dichromate in the presence of sulphuric acid. Production theory to determine the number of fruit per tree multiplied by the average weight of fruit. In the following years production increased, but the determination was similar, whereas the determination by weighing the harvest is affected by errors of thefts that take place every year. The research was conducted in the same direction, all for a period of three years (years 2003 to 2005), but results in this regard can be observed only after a greater number of years, as the humus content of soil is disrupted following its use by apple. Research is in its early stages, taking into account the fact that the humus content of soil is disrupted essential, especially in fruit plantations, trees where consumption is increased, hence the need for fertilization is necessary, and changes may be observed only in a longer period of time. In Romania, investigations are limited, a fact due in part to the lack of financial resources, especially in fruit growing, where the areas are quite large, and due to increased consumption of trees in nutrients, especially super intensive system. The work is original, both in terms of information it provides, as well as practical solutions that gives those interested in fertility status of soils occupied by trees. The work has great practical importance, because is giving the necessary information in terms of humus status in the land occupied by trees, and in the achievement of steady production and good quality.
more abstractfertilizers; culture system; humus content; productions
Presentation: oral
DownloadPHISICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS FOUND IN THE VINEYARDS CENTERS TIROL AND MOLDOVA NOUĂ pag. 229-232
Casiana Mihuţ, Veaceslav Mazăre, Marius Silviu Stroia, Anca DrăgunescuThe researches that represented the objectives of the present scientific work aimed determination of physical and chemical properties of soils planted with grapevines from Vineyard Centers Tirol and Moldova Noua. Most viticulture plantations from the Southern part of the vineyard are found on soils with optimal growth and developing conditions for grapevines and particularly for red wines. The most predominant soils on plateaus are pre-alluvial soils, alluvial soils, districambisoils and lythosoils. This work aims to study soils in the Vineyard Centers Tirol and Moldova Noua. Research is in its early stages, but in the future the team will have greater involvement in bringing the information about the physical and chemical properties of soil filled with life. The physical properties of soil were determined:Soil texture - Cernikova method; Porosity of the soil - was determined by calculation; The soil chemical properties were determined:Content in humus - Tiurin method; Soil reaction - by potentiometric method in aqueous extract 1:2,5; Total nitrogen content in% - was done by Kjeldahl method (soil mineralization is made by boiling with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of catalyst); Total phosphorus and mobile content was determined by the Egner-Rhiem-Domingo on a Spectrophotometer UV – VIS. Assimilable potassium content - to extract the ammonium lactate and acetate was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The research was conducted in the same direction, all for a period of three years (2003 to 2005), but results in this regard can be observed only after a greater number of years. In Romania, investigations are limited due with a lack of financial resources and because of disinterest or poor information for those working in the field, to find the state of the land occupied by vineyards. Researches are bringing practical information that can be used by those concerned with the physical and chemical properties of soil in growing Vineyards Centers Tirol and Moldova Noua. The work is original, both in terms of information that it provides, as well as practical solutions that gives those interested in fertility status of soils occupied by grapevines. The work is original, both in terms of information that it provides, as well as practical solutions that gives those interested in fertility status of soils occupied by grapevines. The work has great practical importance, because is bringing new and needed information about fertility status of land occupied by vineyards and in the achievement of steady production and good quality.
more abstractviticulture centre; physical properties; chemical properties
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION AS INFLUENCED BY TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT BY GROWING OF COMMON PEA pag. 233-237
Milan Macák, Eva Hanáčkova, Eva Candráková, Nora SmatanováLong term field study (1996-2003) was conducted at the experimental site of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in south-western Slovakia, to investigate the effects of different soil tillage practices and residue management on soil carbon sequestration under peas for grain growing after cereal forecrops. The average annual/growing season rainfall is 561/327 mm. The mean annual/growing season temperature is 9.7°C/16.2°C. The soil type is Orthic Luvisol with a loamy texture and a pH of 5.7. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. The tillage was the main plot factor; the fertilization was the subplot factor. The subplots were 3 m wide by 10 m long and plots were subjected to primary soil tillage treatments as follows: mouldboard ploughing (CT) to a depth of 0.22 m (conventional tillage), twice shallow loosening (R) to a depth of 0.1 m (reduced tillage). Three fertilization treatments as follows: 0–without organic and inorganic fertilization, PH–mineral fertilizers calculated to the 3 t yield level, PZ–incorporation of all above-ground plant material supplemented with mineral fertilizer to the balance equilibrium level. Common pea (Pisum sativum L.) was growing after cereal forecrop (spring barley, since 2001 – winter wheat).The soil samples were collected from the 0.25 m. Soil bulk density for calculation of C sequestration was determinates in two layers. Temporal change was evaluated as absolute and net change. Absolute change in stored C from first year of field trial was strongly decline from 36.6 t ha-1 (1994) to average level 32 ha-1 ha (1996-2003). Net change of soil organic matter between tillage treatments revealed significant differences. The reduced tillage creates better soil condition for soil carbon accumulation (32.6 t ha-1) with comparison to mouldboard ploughing (31.4 t ha-1) in 0.2 soil layer. The fertilization treatments sequestered more carboneum with comparison to control treatment. Differences between the samples with application of mineral fertilizers (PH) or organic and mineral fertilizers (PZ) are associated with the decomposition of common peas residues or great amount of biomass production.
more abstractcarbon sequestration; peas; residue management; tillage
Presentation: oral
DownloadA NEW METHOD OF EVALUATING THE ANTHROPIC SOILS FROM STERILE DUMPS pag. 238-241
Romulus Mocanu, Ana Maria Dodocioiu, C. NegreaApplying the classic method of evaluation of soils „Romanian system of soil evaluation” the anthropic soils from mining quarries (sterile dumps) are considered to have almost the same productive potential with a natural soil as well as the evaluation marks. The goal of the present paper is to identify and adjust these indicators of the romanian system of evaluation in such manner the terrains affected by surface mining to be correctly evaluated. The researches carried out for the first time in our country in the domain of evaluating the entriatrosoils from sterile dumps have taken in account the changing and adjusting three of the romanian system of soil evaluation, namely soil texture under the form of textural variation, the humus reserve calculated on the basis of C/N ratio and the edafic volume determined on the basis of impenetrable formations for the root system of plants that were called „nodules” in such manner to reflect the reality of the production capacity of these anthropic soils from the mining basin of Oltenia. In this manner, the quality classes were as follows: class II with an evaluation mark of 63 points for the spolic entiatrosoil; class III with an evaluation mark of 43 points for the spolic entiantrosoil in conditions of homogenous texture and modified edafic volume; class IV with an evaluation mark of 36 points for the spolic entiantrosoil in conditions of heterogenous texture; Class V with an evaluation mark of 24 points. The improving of the evaluation system of soils with changes brought by the present paper for sterile dumps of 19,140 ha is important for: - elaborating pedological studies of class quality when the land is given back to the former owners in order to express the reality of the production capacity; - establishing the proper zones for cropping different crops for capitalisation of the land; - correct expression of the quality of natural and anthropic soils resulted from mining activity.
more abstractevaluation; indicators; entiantrosoils; quality classes; nodules; favorability classes
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOME ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY OF THE STERILE DUMPS FROM MEHEDINTI MINING ENTERPRISE pag. 242-245
Romulus Mocanu, Ana Maria MocanuThe researches made on the ecological recovery of the sterile dumps from Mining Enterprise of Mehedinti, Husnicioara quarry have had as goal the capitalisation of these lands that were degraded by surface mining in order to extract lignite; with this domain there are not any researches so far. The researches that unfolded on these sterile dumps are quite new and these sterile dumps are different in comparison with the ones from Gorj District due to their sandy texture. The material and the researching method have consisted of: the identification of the main soil types; the study of the physical and chemical features of these soils; field experiments with different crops in order to increase the organic matter content; trials with manure and chemical fertilizers; trials with different woody species and crops. Accounting the physical and chemical features of these terrains that are not favorable for plant growing the main objectiv of the research was to increase the organic matter content. The using of organic and chemical fertilizers have had a high importance for the different crops on the sterile dumps. Without fertilizers the wheat and corn crops do not grow at all. Among the fertilizers that were used, the best results were given by: manure, urea, organio-mineral fertilizer on lignite base. The sunflower grows on the sterile dumps with no fertilizer yet with very low yields. The pulses are beneficial on the sterile dumps and among them the alpha-alpha gives the best results: 861 kg hay/ha with no fertilizer and 4.717 kg hay/ha with 25 t/ha manure + N96P64. Along with this crop the peanuts and chickpea can be cropped on the sterile dumps. On the sterile dumps from Husnicioara Mehedinti there have grown well acacia and poplar. The paper is new, original and very important for solving the problem of ecological recovery of the sterile dumps.
more abstractopen cut mining; lignite; coal basin; mining technical fitting out; biological recovery; fertilizers; compost
Presentation: oral
DownloadMAP OF SOIL SALINISATION RISK IN BRAILA PLAIN pag. 246-251
Victoria Mocanu, Sorina Dumitru, Valentina Coteţ, Marius EfteneLand degradation is an important problem of actual society. In order to protect and conserve the environment, there is a need of an adequate knowledge of all environmental resources and of identifying the risks to which they are exposed. The objective of this paper is to identify soil salinity risk areas from Braila Plain. Researches conducted in this area, until today, have been targeted in particular to issues related to the soil and land inventory, not to the risk assessment of degradation processes. The Southern part of Romania is the region most exposed to desertification. Also, over 3/4 of the irrigated agricultural area are found here, as well as high-drained land reclaimed from the sea. At world-wide, many projects have been developed aiming at identifying anthropogenically induced soil degradation: GLASOD project (Global Assessment of the Status of Human Induced Soil Degradation), developed by UNEP-ISRIC, 1990, ASSOD project (Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation in South and South-Eastern Asia) undertaken by UNEP, FAO, ISRIC in 1995, SOVEUR (Mapping of Soil and Terrain Vulnerability in Central and Eastern Europe) developed by UNEP, FAO, ISRIC, 1995, and RAMSOIL – Risk Assessment Methodologies for Soil Threats. The final result consists in a map achieved by processing information from soil map 1:200 000, from the Geographic Information System SIGSTAR 200, and from several scientific papers developed in the study area. The information has been processed with the program ArcView 3.2. The results of this research could be used in several research fields, mainly the knowledge, use and improvement of agricultural land (irrigation, drainage, fertilization, amendment, and others) and the acquisition and use of a tool to base the political decisions regarding the environmental management (the location of monitoring systems in the territory, the development of a network of protected areas, the establishment of some priorities in recovery and reconstruction of damaged areas after environmental degradation).
more abstractsalinisation risk; Braila Plain; soil map
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE TROPHICITY OF A STAGNIC LUVOSOL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DOUGLAS (PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII) AND SESSILE OAK (QUERCUS PETRAEA) FOREST pag. 252-259
Petrică Tudor Moţiu, N.C. Sabău, Ingrid Agnes MoţiuTrophicity it’s an important characteristic of forestry resorts. The trophic potential of non – degraded natural ecosystems can be explained by the potential global trophicity index. The objective of the presented work is to show the influence of forest vegetation, represented by Douglas of 40 year old and Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) of 70 year old, on the global potential trophicity of a epihipostagnic luvosoil from the area of Tinca Forest District, U.P. 3 Gepis. The humus quantity is higher in case of Sessile oak than in case of Douglas all depth long of the profile, with 0,14 – 11,94 % an exception being the clay accumulation horizon of Btw argic. The degree of basic saturation is superior on the profile under Douglas compared to the profile under sessile oak with values between 2,11 % and 4, 31 %. The ratio between the edaphic amount represented by soil amount, less than the soil occupied by skeleton and the amount of tree roots and the amount of the analyzed soil was appreciated of 0,9. If in the first two horizons the two soils are included in silty sandy loam textural subclass, in the ElwBtw transitional horizon will pass from the silty sandy loam to the silty loam and in the illuvial argic horizon Btw go from the medium clayey loam to the silty clayey loam. Estimated bulk density values according to textural classes of the soil horizons are between 1, 30 g/cm in the bioaccumulation horizon A for both soil profiles; and between 1,37 and 1,39 g/cm3 in the horizon of accumulation Btw clay. The analyses of the soil were made by the „County Office for Pedological and Agrochemical Studies Oradea” in accordance to the „Methodology of Elaborate Pedological Studies” – The Research Institute for Pedology and Agrochemistry, Bucharest.
more abstractDouglas forest; sessile oak forest; proxihipostagnic luvosoil; trophicity
Presentation: oral
DownloadMICROBIAL ABUNDANCE IN RHIZOSPHERE OF SUGARBEET IN DEPENDANCE OF FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM pag. 260-264
Nastasija Mrkovački, Jelena Marinković, Nikola Čačić, Dragana BjelićThe nonsymbiotic N fixing azotobacter is an obligate aerobe living in the soil, the rhizosphere and the plant root. The ability of various strains to fix atmospheric N positively affect plant growth and yields. Microbial interactions with roots may involve either endophytic or free living microorganisms and can be symbiotic, assosiative or casual in nature. Associative and free living microorganisms may also contribute to the nutrition of plants through a variety of mechanisms including direct effects on nutrient awailability (N2-fixation), enhancement of root growth (PGPR – plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) as antagonists of root pathogenes or as saprophytes that decompose soil detritus and subsequently increase nutrient availability through mineralization and microbial turnover. Therefore, the abundance of azotobacter, fungi, actinomycetes and the total number of microorganisms in inoculated and non-inoculated sugar beet rhizosphere were determine in this study. Simultaneously we studied the effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer, manure and harvest residues. Samples of rhizosphere soil were taken three times in the course of growing season (May, July, September). The experiment included two variants (inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum and non-inoculated) at four fertilization levels (non-fertilized control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha), in five replication. Total number of microorganisms was determined in soil agar (dilution of 106). Fungi were determined on Chapek agar (dilution of 104), actinomycetes on a synthetic agar (dilution of 104) and azotobacters on Fiodor substrate (dilution of 102). The results of the study for all four fertilization types and all four levels of added N showed that azotobacter abundance was higher in inoculated treatments than in the non-inoculated ones. The highest increases of total microbial abundance and number of free N-fixing bacteria were recorded in the inoculated treatments with NPK fertilizer alone and in the inoculated treatments with 100 kg N/ha. The highest percentage increases of azotobacter were obtained in the inoculated treatments with manure and manure plus harvest residues, respectively and in the variant without N.
more abstractmicroorganisms; azotobacter; rhizosphere; sugarbeet
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE SOIL COVER ARANCA PLAIN IN RELATION WITH THE ENVIRONMETAL AND ANTHROPIC FACTORS pag. 265-270
Lucian Niţă, Vlad Dragoslav Mircov, Casiana Mihuţ, Simona Niţă, Lucreţiu DanceaThe studied territory has a single unit of relief, the plain, in the form of a large alluvial area of subsidence and ramble, which are many abandoned stream beds, representing the old courses of the river Aranca and of its tributaries. The influence and action in time of the pedogenetic factors (relief, rock, climate, hydrology), as well as the human intervention through the important hydroameliorative works that started more than two hundred years ago, determined the existence of a soil cover with a sharp complexity and diversity. Low plains covered with fluivio-lake deposits represent the lowest sector from the area of Banat. Are relatively recent, drained by several rivers with permanent regime. The low slope and local or general subsidences have determined cover of loessoide deposits and of the older alluviums with the recent alluviums or with very fine-textured deposits. By the XVIII century, the rivers had not firmly fixed riverbeds, and the plain served as an intense area of marsh, punctuated by rare banks. After contact with the cone of scattering river Bega River and River, has been developed a discontinuous soil broadband of the salt sodic class. In this paper we aim at presenting a panorama of the soil cover in the Aranca Plain, its yielding potential, fertility limiting factors, and the main problems arisen by the valorising of the soil resources in the area we studied. The area under study is located in the hydrographic basin of the Aranca River, i.e. in the Aranca drainage-drying system, overlapping the old parasitic watercourses of the Mures River, that were frequently flooded before the building of the dams, making the area a true divagation, strongly alluvial one. A main characteristic of the soil cover is the dynamics differentiated in time and space that results from natural conditions of formation and evolution. As a result of pedo-genetic processes there appeared a cover of mosaic-like soil, which is also seen in the main soil types identified in the area under study.
more abstractsoil; soil cover; chernozem; clime; hydrography; Aranca plain; anthropic
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOILS FROM NEARBY CRAIOVA CHEMICAL PLANT AND POWER PLANT pag. 271-274
Cristian Popescu, Vasile Dumitru, Iancu Stancu, Florina Grecu, Marin OsiceanuThe soil protection and preservation represents the main modern agriculture task while the industry and other economic branches dispose important quantities of noxes and wastes that are stored upon the soil surface and get into it determining the disturbing of the natural processes of soil genesis and life. Within the soil, like any other ecosystem there are unfolded multiple and complex reactions from where there results complex products that are present within the plant structure and other living organisms and this is the reason why in an intensive agriculture there must be taken all measures for soil protection so it can produce nutrients and biomass. The practice has demonstrated that the soil has a fragile ecological equilibrium that can easily changed by polluting action of some internal or external factors. The achieving of the proposed theme can be considered very important being included into the prior domain of sustainable development on Romania land, of preserving the biodiversity and environment quality and minimization of global changes. The proposed researches have to respond to some clear objectives of identifying the causes and understanding the mechanisms of deterioration of the structure and quality of natural and human environment components of reducing the risk and the natural and human impact on the complex social and ecological relations from the nearby zone to the Craiova Chemical Plant and Power Plant. The researched zone stretches on a 30 km distance away of Craiova Chemical Plant and Power Plant. In order to know the soils and their features there have been made researches on field and laboratory analyses. Within the studied zone there were identified reddish preluvosoils, preluvosoils, vertosoils, sandy soils, mollic glyosoils and alluvial soils.
more abstractsoil profile; humus; permeability; reaction; bases saturation degree
Presentation: oral
DownloadFOLIAR FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE ON MAIZE GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION pag. 275-279
Isidora Radulov, Florin Sala, Ersilia Alexa, Adina Berbecea, Florin CristaThe importance of cereal grains to the nutrition of millions of people around the world is widely recognized. Because they make up such a large part of diets, cereal grains cannot be considered only as a source of energy, as they provide significant amounts of protein as well. It is also recognized that cereal grains have a low protein concentration and that protein quality is limited by deficiencies in some essential amino acids, mainly lysine. Much less appreciated is the fact that some cereal grains contain an excess of certain essential amino acids that influence the efficiency of protein utilization. Maize, after wheat and rice, it is the most important cereal grain in the world, providing nutrients for humans and animals. The nutritional quality of maize is determined by the amino acid makeup of its protein. Maize is deficient in two essential amino acids: lysine and tryptophan. For a balanced nutrition is important not only the amount of amino acids taken over, but the ratio between them, because the disproportion in feed of amino acids composition leads to a complex disorder of protein metabolism. In this paper the protein content and amino acid composition of maize grain was determined. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown in a series of field plots which received nitrogen only and various rata of applied nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelements as foliar fertilizers. Total N in the maize grain was determined by a Kjeldahl method and protein content by calculation (N x 6.25). Amino acid composition, after subjecting samples to conditions which would hydrolyze protein, was determined by ion chromatographic method developed in the Organic Sustainable Agriculture and Food Safety-ADSA, PLATFORM laboratory. The results obtained indicated that grain yield increase have resulted in lower protein concentration except when the yield increase resulted from nitrogen fertilizer application. Raw protein content of maize grain was ranged between 8.5% and 10.8%. Higher nitrogen application rates alter the amino acid balance thereby reducing the nutritional value.
more abstractfertilization; maize; raw protein; amino acids
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF COMPOST AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE CHICK PEA PRODUCTION FROM THE BARREN GANGUE FROM HUSNICIOARA QUARRY IN MEHEDINTI COUNTY pag. 280-284
Catalin Aurelian Rosculete, Elena Rosculete, Gheorghe Matei, Laurentiu DadulescuThe soil, the most important component of the biosphere and the main mean of production in agriculture, is destroyed by a range of factors and with this destruction takes place a rupture of some ecological balances between them or between them and the biosphere. Among the factors that destroy the soil are the mine exploitations at surface, having as result empty land which has at their surface rocks from different depths, with essential changes in the natural geomorphology of that area. The attraction of the degraded land in the economic circle; it is necessary to elaborate and to realize the recultivation project for the mine exploiting at surface (this is happening in the same time). Taking into consideration the physical and the chemical qualities which are not suitable for the growth and development of the plants and the low fertility of the barren gangue, the main objective of the biological recultivation was the increase of the content of organic material and nourishing elements which assure the necessary food for the cultivated plants through the use of organic fertilizers like compost, and also the mineral fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus. The experience took place in Husnicioara quarry from Mehedinti county on a barren gangue, with a very small content of humus (0,2 – 0,4%) and nourishing elements (nitrogen: 0,08 – 0,16%; phosphorus that can be assimilated 4,5 – 29,9 ppm; potassium 36,5 – 61,4 ppm), and the objectives were: - the effect of different doses of compost and the interval of application on the chick pea crop in the spring; - the effect of different doses of chemical fertilizers on the chick pea crop in the spring. The application of different doses of compost has determined crops that have grown from the unfertilized witness, to the variant which has received the biggest quantity of organic material. The calculus of an average for a period of three years highlighted the value differences between the variants with the witness form 132 to 330 kg/ha, statistically assured in the limit of 0,1%. The research made on the influence of time interval at the application of compost on the chick pea crop have highlighted important differences between witness and the variants with application at 2 and 3 years. The annual fertilization assured the highest value of the production and its constancy, and the application of mineral fertilizers on chick pea crop lead to different crops function of the applied doses.
more abstractsterile dumps; fertilization; chick pea crop
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EVOLUTION OF NITRIC NITROGEN FROM THE SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FERTILIZER DOSES pag. 285-288
Elena Rosculete, Gheorghe Matei, Catalin Aurelian Rosculete, Rodica SoareThrough the experience realized at SCDA Caracal we have followed the effect of different doses of chemical fertilizers on the production of wheat, and especially on the evolution of nitric nitrogen at the surface of the soil (0 – 20 cm), which can bring about in drought conditions – phenomenon frequent in this area, big accumulations and pollution of the wheat crop. Many researches took place in our country and abroad concerning the influence of fertilizer doses, of nitrogen dynamics in the soil and the soil tillage on the wheat crop; they highlight a series of important aspects generated by the conditions of experimentation and the possibility of using some different machines for the basic soil tillage. When choosing the area for the experiment we have taken into account the suitability of cambic baticalcaric chernozem for the wheat culture. The problem of soil pollution with nitrates is a current issue for this area because the natural climate conditions, the lack of irrigation water (necessary for this culture) doesn`t permit the nitrogen to migrate on the soil profile, but to remain in large quantities at its surface bringing about some harmful effects for the plants. In order to conserve water in the soil during the vegetation period, we have considered that it is necessary to use the chisel plough (18 – 20 cm). In our country, the prognosis of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers is different function of the soil (through specific items of nitrogen regime), function of the plant (with a specificity of nitrogen consumption), function of the nature and type of fertilizer, the method and technology of application and other important factors for the nitrogen circle. The crops use nitrogen as NO3-, because the ammonium ions from the soil are quickly oxidized to NO3- through the action of microorganisms. The study of nitrogen dynamics from the soil for different phases of wheat crop gives us clues on the moment we can intervene in the nourishing with nitrogen of this crop and the necessary doses, so that the crops can be economically justified. The dynamics of nitric nitrogen from the soil was made through the determination of this form of assimilable nitrogen for different dates during the vegetation period for the wheat culture, when we have taken soil probes, at the depth of 0-20 cm. We have obtained different values of nitric nitrogen in the soil, (4,46 ppm and 49,61 ppm) function of the doses of nitrogen. Theoretically, the chisel plough assures a suitable aeration corresponding the good development of nitrification process, with direct implications on the production that will be obtained. Because the fertilization is the main factor in obtaining high productions for any crop we have administrated different doses of nitrogen, between N0 and N150 kg/ha on a constant fund of P80, and the productions were between 1317 kg/ha and 6403 kg/ha. The data obtained from this experiment will be useful for wheat cultivators in the south Romania, but also other area having the same problems regarding drought, because this experience aims at conserving water in the soil through a different soil tillage.
more abstractnitric nitrogen; wheat crop; fertilizers; chisel
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF A NEDED PARAMETERS FOR REVERIBILITY CHECKING DRAINAGE-SUBIRRIGATION, WITH DRENVSUBIR SOFT, IN AVRAM IANCU DRAINAGE FIELD, BIHOR COUNTY pag. 289-295
Nicu Cornel SabăuThe objective of this work is to experimental establish of characteristic ground water depth, required for checking reversibility between drainage and subirrigation, with DrenVsubIR software in the experimental drainage field Avram Iancu, Bihor county. The experimental drainage field from Avram Iancu was set up in 1983, on a gleical, cambical phaeosiom with a high content of colloidal clay, higher with 50 % on the entire profile. The DrenVSubIR soft, is a calculating program implemented by Faculty of Environmental Protection from Oradea and consists of three modules, the first one is of calculating the distance between drain wires with the relation Ernst – David, the second for checking the possibility of using the drainage at subirrigation and the third for the technical economical (the cost) calculus of ha, of drained field. In the observation period from Avram Iancu, between 1984 and 1990 was measured in hydro geological drills in the field, the depth of ground water and soil humidity in the upper horizon. The correlation between the inverse of soil humidity in the upper horizon and the depth of ground water, measured in hydro geological drill in the field is linear and very significant, the correlation coefficient is R = 0,9907. With the help of this correlation was establish the depth of ground water corresponding at the field capacity is H0 = 0,69 m and the depth of the ground water corresponding at the minimum easily available water content is Hm = 0,98 m. Using the “Verificare la SUBIRIGAŢIE - Ecuaţia David” module of the DrenVsubIR program, for drainage variants that have been conventionally designed results the possibility of reversibility between drainage and subirrigation when distances. Considering that the cost of this extra investment is not linked to the distance between drains the most indicated variant for subirrigation from Avram Iancu drainage field is the one with the biggest distance between drains L = 30,4 m, associated with ruble filter prism of 0,2 m (Fî) and deep loosening through scarification (Sc).
more abstractdrainage; subirrigation; DrenVsubIR soft
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AND YIELD FOR THE SUNFLOWER CROP pag. 296-301
Florin Sala, Isidora Radulov, Florin Crista, Adina BerbeceaThe aim of the studies and research on which the present paper is based was to assess the level of interdependency between the fertilization system and the yield for the sunflower crop in view of establishing some fertilization variants for different crop systems. The sunflower crop, together with maize and winter wheat, are grown on large areas in Banat plain, where the agricultural systems practiced are mostly vegetal, with simple rotations, often monoculture. Under the current social and economic conditions, with a major influence brought about by the financial crisis, the vegetal cultures in the area under research are intensive crop systems to various degrees. From the point of view of fertilization, as an element of technology, we can find different situations, from a total lack of fertilizers, to various doses of fertilizers, which in some cases can vary from one year to the other according to the economic power and the opportunities that may appear. We observed the interdependence between the mineral fertilization system and the amount of the yield. The fertilization schemes were made on PK combinations (where we had four variants: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha active substance) to which we added nitrogen in five variants (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg active substance./ha). There are three types of fertilization systems that can be emphasized :“low fertilizer system”, for P0K0 and nitrogen variations from 0 to 200 kg/ha; this system is frequently met with in subsistence farms or in family farms where the budget for the entire technology is generally low, and fertilization is occasional and made with nitrogen-based fertilizers. The second type is “medium fertilizer or budget fertilizer system” for P50K50 and nitrogen variations from 0 to 200 kg/ha. Phosphorus and potassium-based fertilization, even if used within low limits, amplifies the effect of nitrogen-based fertilizers by up to 1.26 times when compared to the unilateral nitrogen fertilization. The third type is “high fertilizer system” for P100K100 and P150K150 and nitrogen variations from 0 to 200 kg/ha. Here we find the fertilization variants which generate the highest yields, because they amplify the effect of nitrogen fertilizers by 1.47-1.61 times when compared to the control variant. A balanced NPK fertilization brings the highest yields, with significant increase when compared to the control variant.
more abstractsoil fertility; mineral fertilizers; fertilizer systems; sunflower crop production; correlation
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE MODIFICATION OF SOME AGROCHEMICAL SOIL INDICES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION pag. 302-305
Florin Sala, Isidora Radulov, Florin Crista, Adina BerbeceaThe aim of the studies and research on which the present paper is based was to assess the way in which certain agrochemical indices of the soil are modified under the influence of mineral fertilization. Soil, as the main means of production in agriculture, must be considered as a strategic natural resource, which is sustainable if exploited in a scientific way. It can bring its contribution to ensuring food supplies, and food safety. Exploiting agricultural areas by using incomplete or incorrect strategies has serious consequences, both from a quantitative and a qualitative point of view, on soil resources and also on agricultural yields, and the lack of fertilizers or improper use of fertilizers are elements of such a strategy. In our country, agriculture has undergone major changes after 1989. Here we make reference to a change in the form of ownership, a legislative system that is not a stimulus for farmers, the fact that many landowners are not properly prepared and trained in the matter of efficient use of land, poor endowment with equipment, lack of own financing, the incapacity to access investment funds, etc. The structure of crop plants has undergone quite large changes in Banat Plain, Timiş County, as it has in other parts of Romania. The area cultivated with leguminous plants (be they annual or perennial), has much diminished. The predominant crop plants are wheat, maize and sunflower, and at a much smaller scale are barley, two-row barley, soybeans, oil rape, sugar beet (which has been less and less cultivated in recent years), with small impact in the realization of sustainable crop rotation. Under these conditions, people mostly use simple rotations wheat-maize or even monoculture, and fertilization is based almost exclusively on mineral fertilizers (in many cases unilateral with nitrogen), with high fluctuation from the point of view of the quantity of active substance from a plot of land to another. That is why the agrochemical characteristics of the soil undergo large modifications, with a negative impact on fertility. The paper presents the results of the research on the changes of the agrochemical indices represented by pH, N, P, K in the context of an agricultural system based on field crops and a mineral fertilization system with variants which cover different situations met with in the agriculture of the reference area, namely Banat Plain.
more abstractsoil fertility; agrochemical indices; mineral fertilizers; fertilization system; vegetal agricultural systems; correlation
Presentation: oral
DownloadDEHYDROGENASE: AN INDICATOR OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN A PRELUVOSOIL pag. 306-310
Alina Dora SamuelThe metabolic activity of soil microorganisms is essential for organic matter turnover. The metabolization and immobilization of inorganic nutrients and trace elements are also mainly a result of microbial activities. Metabolic activities are determined by the species composition, which in turn is influenced by the available litter, the soil type and other environmental conditions. Special enzymes catalyze the organic matter turnover. These enzymes are produced by the organisms and act intra- or extracellularly. Soil enzymes include a wide spectrum of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and lyases. Soil enzymes are mainly of bacterial and fungal origin. Only a small fraction is excreted by plants and/ or animal. The dehydrogenase activity of a soil is thus the result of the activity of different dehydrogenases, which are an important component of the enzyme system of all microorganisms. Actual and potential dehydrogenase activities were determined in the 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers of a brown luvic soil submitted to a complex tillage, crop rotation and fertilisation experiment. Dehydrogenase activities in both non-tilled and conventionally tilled soil under all crops of both rotations decreased with increasing sampling depth. It was found that no-till - in comparison with conventional tillage - resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities in the 0-20 cm layer and in significantly lower activities in the deeper layers. The soil under maize or wheat was more enzyme-active in the 6-than in the 2-crop rotation. In the 2-crop rotation, higher enzymatic activities were registered under wheat that under maize.In the 6- crop rotation, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality decreased, depending on the nature of crops and kind of fertilisers ( mineral NP or farmyard manure), in the following order: minerally fertilised (m.f) wheat ≈ m.f. oat . clover mixture >farmyard manured maize > m.f. soybean > m.f. clover > m.f. maize. Farmyard manuring of maize . in comparison with its mineral (NP) fertilisation . led to a significant increase in each activity.
more abstractdehydrogenase; preluvosoil; crop rotation; fertilizers
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ESTIMATION OF PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN SOIL pag. 311-314
Alina Dora Samuel, Cornel Domuţa, Maria Şandor, Adrian Vuşcan, Cristian DomuţaThe degradation of plant and animal matter, the release and binding of nutrients and trace elements, is one of the most important functions of soil organisms. The microorganisms are important for the enzymatic degradation of the complex organic substances to nutrients and for the release of nutrients and trace elements from the mineral soil fraction. The importance of phosphatase for plant nutrition has repeatedly been pointed out. In most soils, the organically bound P- fraction is higher than the inorganic. Phosphorus uptake by plants requires mineralization of the organic P- component by phosphatases to orthophosphate. Phosphatases are inducible enzymes that are produced predominantly under conditions of low phosphorus availability. Phosphatases are excreted by plant roots and by microorganisms. Microbial phosphatases dominate in soils. The name phosphatase describes a group of enzymes that hydrolyzes esters as well as anhydrides of phosphoric acid. To determine phosphatase activity, one can use either phosphate, which is produced through the mineralization of natural organic phosphate esters, or organic components after mineralization of artificial organic substrates. The phosphomonoesterases, so-called phosphatases differ in their substrate specificity and their pH optimum. One can thus diferentiate between acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. Phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20-, 20-40- and 40-60-cm layers of a preluvosoil submitted to a complex tillage (no-till and conventional tillage), crop rotation (2- and 3-crop rotations) and fertilisation [mineral(NP) fertilisation and farmyard-manuring] experiment. It was found that the activities decreased in the order: acid phosphatase activity > alkaline phosphatase activity. Each activity decreased with increasing sampling depth. No-till –in comparison with conventional tillage – resulted in significantly higher soil phosphatase activities in the 0-20-cm layer and in significantly lower activities in the deeper layers. The soil under maize or wheat was more phosphatase-active in the 3-than in the 2-crop rotation.In the 2-crop rotation higher soil phosphatase activities were recorded under wheat than under maize. Farmyard-manuring of maize – in comparison with its mineral fertilisation – led to a significant increase in each activity.
more abstractcrop rotation; farmyard-manured; phosphatase; preluvosoil; tillage
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS pag. 315-319
Jozef Smatana, Milan Macák, Eva DemjanováThe field trial was carried out over the period 2004-2006 at the experimental farm PD Kalná nad Hronom in south-western Slovakia. The aim of the research was to evaluate the conventional and reduced tillage. Three tillage practices on selected physical soil characteristics were evaluated. The sugar beet-spring barley-sunflower crop sequence was evaluated. The main plot with four replicates was 10 m by 550 m. The soil tillage treatments as follows: T1 conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure application to sugar beet and incorporation of post harvest residues of spring barley and sunflower; T2 conventional mould board ploughing; T3 no-till Horsch CONCORD CO 9. During June the soil samples were taken from 0.05-0.10m, 0.1-0.20m, 0.2-0.3m. The total porosity, soil bulk density and soil moisture was determined by core samples of 0,001m3. The differences between soil layer and crops growing in different years were ascertained. The SBD and total porosity was highly significantly influenced by weather condition and growing crops of evaluated years and SBD was also significantly influenced by tillage system. The soil bulk density under sugar beet and incorporation of farm yard manure influence the SBD (1,273 t m3) in 0.05-0.20 soil layer with comparison to 1.512 t m3 in mouldboard ploughing without organic manure application or 1.37 t m3 in no-till treatments. The SBD in deeper layer 0.20-0.30 ranged from 1.420 t m3 in no-till system to 1.528 t m3 in mouldboard ploughing and no significant differences has been noted. The spring barley and weather condition of 2005 create the same SBD in all tillage systems as follows: 1.389 t m3 (without organic manure) 1.400 t m3 (no till) – 1.473 t m3 (with organic manure). The year 2006 was characterised by wet condition. Canopy of sunflower with interaction of weather and tillage systems influenced the higher SBD in conventional plough without input of organic fertilizers 1.625 t m3. The SBD in no-till system was same than in conventional mouldboard ploughing with organic manure incorporation (1.465-1.456 m3). In three year average the conventional mould board ploughing with farm yard manure form the most suitable soil environment (SBD, total porosity and soil humidity retention) but we also recommended the no-till for this specific area of Slovak region.
more abstractconventional tillage; no-till; soil bulk density; total porosity; soil moisture; crop rotation
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF LEGUMINOUS FRACTIONS ON IN AND IP INDEX pag. 320-323
Ciprian Stroia, Claire Jouany, Eric Lecloux, Gicu Gabriel Arsene, Alina Neacşu, Veronica Sărăţeanu, Marius StroiaThe studies where carried out since 1999 on a permanent grassland placed on an alluvial soil from France, in the Central Pyrenees (Ercé). The experiment consisted from 2 annual doses of fertilization with N and P arranged in 4 randomised blocks. The analysis of IN and IP index using the cycle of growth method will provide the opportunity to analyze the effect of N and P levels on the nutrition of the grassland, and their impact on plants growth. The method for determining the nutritional index are based on plant analysis and show the concentration of mineral elements N and P depending on their accumulation in the plant biomass. The literature data have shown that considering the biomass of the legumes fraction in the calculation of IN and IP index, there are resulting errors in the estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition level, the index being overestimated in comparison with its real value. The data presented were collected only on the N0P0 and N0P1 fertilisation doses (where N0= 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1; P0= 0 kg P ha-1 yr-1; P1= 50 kg P ha-1yr-1), for cycles in that a legumes percentage over 10% was registered in 2000 and 2002. IN and IP index of mixture fractions were calculated from N% and P% concentration of mixture fraction; IN and IP index of fractions without legumes (nonleg) were calculated from the levels of N% and P% of nonleg fractions. The difference between the index calculated from the mixture fraction and calculated for the nonleg fraction is even more important than the contribution of legumes harvested biomass. The results for the IN as well as for the IP confirm the need of doing tests on mineral-free forage legumes, if is necessary to eliminate the inaccuracies of the obtained results when the percentage of legumes in mixture is higher then 10%.
more abstractnitrogen nutrition index; phosphorus nutrition index; legumes
Presentation: oral
DownloadCOMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND EDAPHIC MICROFLORA COMPOSITION FOR FOUR SOIL TYPES FROM SDE TIMISOARA pag. 324-327
Renata Maria Şumălan, Ersilia Alexa, Monica Negrea, Ancuţa DonceanBiological diversity is affected by soil conditions and intensive agriculture technologies and reduces the chances of soil to be regarded as sustainable and renewable resource. Biological component of soil is first affected by the cultivation method or technology adopted. Thus, in recent year’s research in the world are focused on the quantification of the beneficial partnerships established between microbial diversity, soil and product quality, off course maintaining ecosystem sustainability. Activity of edaphic microflora and response to various stress factors can be estimated by different methods: determination of total number of micro organisms, established of respiration rates or estimation of the microbial biomass. In our work paper we proposed a comparative study of biological activity for four soil types’ Chernozem, vertisol, phaeozem and gleysol typical, soils found in the Didactic Experimental Station of Timisoara. Soil samples were collected in October 2009 by the depth of 10-20 cm, and were analyzed the physical-chemical and pedological property. The method used for determining the total biological activity was proposed and optimized to soil study by Green, Stott and Diack in 2005. It is based on the hydrolysis capacity of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) by most representatives’ species of soil microflora resulting fluorescein is then determined spectrophotometrically. In the same times were performed on average of total cultivable heterotrophic microorganisms of soil on the special media in order to estimate the quantitative and qualitative microbial load specific to each type of soil in part. We determined total heterotrophic soil bacteria on the Topping media, the number of actinomycetes on Berezova media and total soil fungi using Martin media. Remarkable results achieved showed differences between the soils studied the ability of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis of being positive correlation with carbon content of soil and moisture. Quantity and composition of edaphic microflora is different, the proportion between different groups of soil microorganisms linking depending on your soil pH.
more abstractFDA hydrolysis; soil biological activity; edaphic microflora
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF RECULTIVATION OF THE STERILE DUMPS ON THEIR AGROCHEMICAL FEATURES pag. 328-333
Mihail Susinski, Ana Maria Dodocioiu, Romulus MocanuThe recultivation of the sterile dumps implies certain changings in their properties. In order to emphasize this aspect we have researched the evolution of the main agrochemical features of the sterile dumps from Husnicioara under the influence of recultivation and fertilization using chemical and organic fertilizers within the 2002-2008 period. There were two monofactorial trials: the first one where there were applied different chemical fertilizers and the second one where there used the same chemical fertilizers on 25 t/ha manure background. Both experiments have been set up after block method, using three repetitions in complete randomised blocks.The experimental data have calculated using the analysis of variance (Fisher and t tests)and all variants have been distinctivelly significant. All variants have been compared with the not fertilized variant which has been taken as control. The chemical fertilizers doses: N40, N80, N120, N160, N160P80, N160P80K80. As nitrogen fertilizer there was used the urea, as phosphorus, the simple superfosfate and as potassium, KCl. After 7 years of corn-wheat crop-rotation there were noticed the following changings of the agrochemical features: The sterile dump reaction – was, in 2002, weak alkaline (pH=8.05-8.10) due to the nature of the sterile dump. The applying of large urea doses, of N120, N160 determines the decreasing of the pH value from 8.10 and 8.09 to 7.74 and 7.59, with 0.36-0.50 units without manure and 0.18 and, respectively, 0.25 units on 25 t/ha manure background. The evolution of the mobile phosphorus – in all no manure variants where there were applied no phosphorus fertilizers (the 1-5 variants) the concentration of mobile phosphorus from the sterile dump has decreased after 7 years in comparison with the initial concentration. Within the variants where there were applied phosphorus fertilizers, the final concentration of the mobile phosphorus was higher than the initial one (the 6, 7 variants), from 34.7 ppm P – 59.0 ppm P). Within the variants where manure was applied, the initial and final concentrations are almost equal excepting the case where over the manure background there were applied phosphorus fertilizers (simple superphosphate) and in these cases the soluble phosphorus concentration after 7 years of researching is higher than the initial concentration (34.9 ppm – 59.5 ppm P). The determination of the potassium content was performed after Egner-Riehm-Domingo method. The evolution of the mobile potassium – the mobile potassium from the sterile dump has decreased within all fertilized variants with simple nitrogen or nitrogen and phosphorus as well as with manure yet it increased with the potassium fertilized variants (59.1 – 113.0 ppm K). The evolution of the organic carbon content – the organic carbon content has recorded an increasing tendency only with the variants fertilized with manure (0.77 – 0.81%) yet with large nitrogen doses applied alone there even was recorded a decreasing, mainly because of leaching and lack of organic support of the sterile dumps. The paper deals with the first research on these type of sterile dump.
more abstractbiological re cropping; sterile dumps; fertilizers
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON POTATO pag. 334-339
Constantin Toader, M. Rusu, Marilena Mărghitaş, Eva FiţConsidered a plant with high specific consumption of nutritive elements (5 – 8 kg N; 2 – 3 kg P; 8 – 9 kg K; 5,1 kg CaO; 3,1 kg MgO; 0,8 kg S on T of vegetal product) results that an average production of tubers on the surface unit (30 – 45 t/ha) gets out of the soil each year huge amounts of nutrients. This reason and the structure on nutritive elements obtained by crops impose differenced fertilization systems which valor the N, K, Ca then P, Mg, S and especially the interaction of applying these in the quantitative and qualitative determination of tuber production. The presented paper reveals the effect of fertilization interactions assured through mineral complex and one-sided fertilizations and without organic contribution on the potato tuber production and the production gain realized in the context of applying different dosages of complex mineral (NP) fertilizer. In the same context, this paper underlines the theoretical and practical importance of complex and balanced fertilization applied to growing potatoes, assured through NP mineral substratum on nutrient accumulation in soils type gelisoil and chernosiom from Cojocna. The effect of these interventions is significant, and the absolute and relative values of this effect are as by as the nutritive substratum insures the presence of more nutrients at levels of sufficient biodisponibility. The effect of NP interaction, in the given experimental conditions, of the gley soil and typical chernozem in Cojocna proves useful and significant for all applied combinations and manifests in the minimum (N40P40) and maximum (N160P160). dosage. This assertion is valid for all experimental years (2005-2006). Gley soil and typical chernozem experiments in Cojocna confirm the nutrition and fertilization demands of the potato and emphasized the significant effects of complex balanced mineral fertilization with NP, where combinations were achieved with complex fertilizers of the NP type. NP complex mineral fertilization determined production increases (differences) statistically ensured in the N40P40 to N160P160 domain with diminishing tendencies of increases in the N80P80 - N120P120 interval. The level of productions obtained with complex mineral NP fertilizations may reach 30-32t/tubers/ha.
more abstractpotato tuber; mineral fertilizer; production
Presentation: oral
DownloadAN INVESTIGATION OF THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTS AROUND THE METALLURGICAL COMBINE OF ELBASANI, ALBANIA pag. 340-346
Odeta Tota, Bujar Huqi, Eugen Skuraj, Fatbardh SallakuThe metallurgical complex of Elbasan is the largest and most important one in the country but at the same time represents a source of significant heavy metal contamination in the wider watershed Shkumbini River. This study aimed to determine the degree of soil contamination by Cu, Zn, and Cd, with respect to distance from the metallurgical complex and determine various metal fractions for selected soil samples. Soil samples (80) from surface (0-20 cm) were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 km distance from the metallurgical plant. Total content of heavy metals were determined by the mineralization of soil samples and a sequential fractionation procedure was used to partition the heavy metals into fractions using standard methodology. The data indicated that the soils around the plant are highly polluted up to 15 Km away from the plant with Cd, Zn and Cu (50 to 159; 86 to 147; 0.76 to 2.25 mg/kg soil, respectively). A sequential extraction technique used to characterize bonding of metals to the soils showed that organic matter, carbonates and poorly crystalline Fe oxides, and tightly bound residual fractions contained > 60 % of the total Cd, Zn and Cu. Exchangeable Cd was a significant fraction, averaging from 30 to 40 % of the total present. Although amounts of organic matter and Fe oxides were of obvious importance in influencing this distribution, there was little variation in different fractions found in this study. Results from this study would help to implement appropriate soil-management techniques to limit mobility and plant availability of heavy metals minimizing their transfer into the food chain. The pollution emitted from this complex has caused many problems to the microenvironment and expected to have adverse effects on the public health and especially pregnant, lactating mothers and children. Heavy metal contamination in the soil/water/flora is of great concern because of possible influence on the food chain. Surveys and monitoring of trace metal background levels are required to assess heavy metal contamination in soils (compared with natural concentration variations of heavy metals in soils). Based on those considerations, an immediate action is required to ameliorate the situation, since the natural resources (soil, water, and air) have been contaminated. Sustainable development of this area would increase the income of the associated communities, increase their property values, and improve the health situation. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the degree of soil contamination by Cu, Zn, and Cd, with respect to distance from the metallurgical complex of Elbasan, Albania, and (ii) determine various metal fractions for selected soil samples. The data gathered from this study will allow the evaluation of soil-management techniques to limit mobility and plant availability of heavy metals and to ultimately minimize their transfer into the food chain.
more abstractheavy metal; soil contamination; sequential extraction
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF KXNP FERTILIZERS IN LONG TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS, OVER AGROCHEMICAL SOIL INDEXES IN THE PRELUVOSOIL CONDITIONS FROM ORADEA, ROMANIA pag. 347-353
Adrian Vuşcan, Gheorghe Ciobanu, Cornel Domuţa, Cornelia Ciobanu, Maria Şandor, Lucian Bara, Ioana Borza, Radu Brejea, Cristian DomuţaSince 1968, in Romania was elaborated a long term field with fertilizers and lime in all the agricultural research stations that belong to National Agricultural Research and Development Institute of Fundulea. The experiments was set up using a unitary scheme for researching the evolution of soil fertility and the influence of fertilizers and lime rates and combinations on level and quality yield of different crops. The preluvosoil from Oradea, Romania, is a medium provide with the main nutritive elements, with a weak acid reaction in the ploughing horizon. The factors which have a negative influence on growing plants are: high level soil content in the H+ and Al3+, Fe+ and Mn+ and low level soil content in main nutrients, low activity of microorganisms, and stagnation of water because of unsatisfactory infiltration. In this paper are presented the results regarding the influence of potassium fertilizers applied on different NP background on main agrochemical indexes in long term field experiment set up in 1974 at Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea. The main agrochemical indexes depends on the fertilizers’ type and on the rates fertilizers level applied. The mobile potassium content of the preluvosoil has average values between 85.4 – 161.1 if K rates is applied and are increasing from 0 to 120 K2O kg/ha in function with the NP background. The applications of potassium fertilizers on different NP backgrounds had a differentiated influence on humus level content, depending on K rates used and NP backgrounds. The mobile phosphorus content of preluvosoil has average values between 35.0 – 70.2 ppm if P rates applied are increasing from 0 to 80 P2O5 kg/ha in function with the nitrogen background. Potassium application in rates of K40 – K80 determine a increasing of phosphorus mobile content with 20 – 22 ppm. The results researches were carried out in the project PN-II-ID-PCE-2008-2 1047/2009 “Researches regarding the possibilities to improve the quality of the wheat yield in the conditions of NW Romania”.
more abstractpotassium fertilizers; mobile potassium; mobile phosphorus; humus; preluvosoil
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EFFECT OF KXNP FERTILIZERS IN LONG TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS, ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD AND IT’S QUALITY IN THE PRELUVOSOIL CONDITIONS FROM NORTH - WEST PART OF ROMANIA pag. 354-358
Adrian VuşcanThe paper is based on the researches carried out in a long term trial placed on the preluvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea belong the network of the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea. Long term field experiments are important tools for examining the soil fertility and its influence on the yield level. The 16 variants (N0P0, N80P40, N80P80, N160P80 x K0, K40, K80, K120) in 4 repetitions were studied. The preluvosoil from North – West part of Romania is a medium provide with the main nutritive elements, with a weak acid reaction in the ploughing horizon. In the wheat importance in the panification industry is exclusive one and to obtain every year the big yield with good quality is very important for a region or a country. Oradea is included between the areas with very favorable conditions for wheat crop. The fertilizers sort, rates and time of application, determine the protein content and amino acids in plants. Although genetic potential is determined in function of species and variety, the protein quality and ratio between amino acids are variable and may be strong influenced by fertilization. The paper present research results obtained in long term experiments regarding the effect of potassium fertilizers applied on different NP background on winter wheat yield and quality in long term field experiment set up in 1974 at Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea. The yield and gluten spores obtained are depending on the potassium rates applied and on the levels of NP backgrounds utilized. Potassium fertilizers have a significant influence on wheat yield. The best yield in preluvosoil conditions was obtained in the case of using N160P80K80 rates. The lower potassium rates (K40 and K80) influenced positive the dry gluten content of winter wheat. The best value of the dry gluten content in preluvosoil conditions was obtained in the variants fertilized with N160P80K80.
more abstractpotassium fertilizers; wheat; yield; quality; preluvosoil
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTATISTICAL ANALYSE OF THE RESULTS CONCERNING THE EMBRYO INDUCTION EFFICIENCY AND THE OTHER SPECIFIC REACTIONS BY THE AID OF CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS IN THREE QUERCUS SPECIES pag. 359-363
Adrian Ioan Timofte, Claudia Simona TimofteThe in vitro clonal propagation in oaks is an important step in the breeding activity using clonal strategies, and in the same time a tool for the application of somaclonal selection procedures in the improvement of adaptability traits. The use of somatic embryogenesis in oak clonal micropropagation is preferable in the applications concerning somaclonal variation and selection, because the plants regenerated from somatic embryos usually have monocellular origin and consist in clones of long-term culture, submitted of in vitro selection procedures. The somatic embryogenesis in oak, as an alternative to propagation by cuttings, provides the possibility of mass production of cotyledonary embryos, which can be either cryopreserved, or maintained by long-term culture as stable embryogenic somaclones. An experimental device was designed, composed of three oak species and 6 provenances (three of Quercus robur, one of Quercus petraea and two of Quercus frainetto), 4 types of explants (developmental stages of the zygotic embryo) and 4 variants of culture medium. The investigation of factors affecting the embryo induction efficiency, as well as other specific reactions of explants in culture (callogenesis, rhyzogenesis and germination) and of the relationship among these factors acting simultaneously. Plant material: As a genetical background, the plant material was represented by three oak species, in each of them one or more provenances being investigated: Quercus robur (three provenances), Q. petraea (one provenance) and Q. frainetto (two provenances). The immature acorns harvested at 4 different dates were dissected and used as sources of explants. The explants were represented by immature zygotic embryos in different developmental stages or fragments of more advanced embryos. The developmental stages of zygotic embryos have been defined and correlated with the morphological characteristics of acorns. Culture medium: Four media were tested for the induction of embryogenesis, representing combinations between two nutrient recipes and two combinations of growth regulators. Structure of the experiment: 3 oak species: Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Quercus frainetto; 6 provenances: 3 of Quercus robur, one of Q. petraea and two of Q. frainetto; 4 developmental stages of explants (4 explant types): stages 1, 2, 3 and 4. Three replications consisting of five to ten explants have been counted for each parameter. The most important factor affecting the embryo induction efficiency was the developmental stage of the zygotic embryo used as explant. The best results were obtained with the youngest embryos (stage 1), with a linear decrement towards the stage 4. Inside the same developmental stage, important differences concerning the embryo induction efficiency were observed among species and also among the provenances of the same species. It was found that the most important factor affecting the somatic embryo induction efficiency was the developmental stage of the explant. In all oak species, the embryogenic ability decreased constantly from the youngest to the more advanced zygotic embryos used as explants. The same trend was recognized in the case of the provenances inside the species, regardless the culture medium used for the induction. Correlations coefficients for all 48 pairs of values were calculated, for the ten combinations of the characters, in all species and provenances. The significance of the results was done for P5% and P1%. The simple correlations studied showed that most characters are closely correlated. There are differences among provenances concerning the relationship between the pairs of characters. In Q. robur the provenience has an extremely evident effect. In Q. petraea, all of the correlations are highly significant between all the five characters, positives or negatives. Also in Q. frainetto, for the first provenance, the correlation is significant (for example the rhyzogenesis x the embryo induction efficiency) or highly significant for all the others characters.
more abstractQuercus; in vitro; embryo induction; correlations coefficients; somatic embryogenesis
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF FOREST CURTAINS ON CROPS IN SOUTH DOBROGEA pag. 367-371
Anca Nicoleta Albu, Marius Lungu, Liliana PanaitescuThe position of the Dobrogea Plateau in the south-east of Romania and in the close vicinity of Black Sea accounts for its top continental climate in Romania. The climatic changes which determined within the latest years the intensification of extreme phenomenon, who has an unfavourable influence on the planted or spontaneous vegetation. To reduce and prevent these phenomena have planted a series of experimental protective forest belt near Mangalia, observing a series of advantages in terms of protection and evolution of cultivated plants. Experimental network in Mangalia contains a 20 number of protective forest belts, aged 5 to 10 years, of which 15 consist of mixtures of locust and 5 acacia. Curtains of mixed species differ both as age, height, width and planting scheme, and hence their penetrability is different. Measurements were made with anemomete and portable vane, in June, July, August, which were taken into account during the growing season and the angle that the wind made him the veil of protection from which direction it was blowing at the time making observations.Research has shown that wind speed is reduced so before curtain (the wind) and the forest behind the curtain and the reduction of wind speed value is a function of density veil, its penetrability and height of trees. The same veil of wind acting differently in a year, depending on seasons. Thus, trees and shrubs, summer, the leaf had a much lower penetration compared to the months of autumn and early primăvarii when leafless. Network protection act and the microclimatic conditions in winter, by keeping snow and spring, summer and autumn plants by reducing evapotranspirations. At the same time, installing curtains forest is a prerequisite for growth forest. Network of forest belts will actually be a basis for a possible extension of forest in such dry areas that prove to be less favorable and profitable for agricultural use.
more abstractforest curtains; evapotranspiration; wind speed
Presentation: oral
DownloadANALYSIS PERIOD AND DURATION OF FREEZING IN SOUTH DOBROGEA AND CONSEQUENCES OF THESE FACTORS ON CROPS pag. 372-375
Anca Nicoleta Albu, Marius Lungu, Liliana PanaitescuSoil temperature has a strong influence on plant growth and development, the processes taking place is normally only between plant-specific thermal limits, and each phase of vegetation. With falling temperatures below 0 0 C, involved process of freezing, which in some conditions can become harmful to plants cultivate.To prevent the damages from these phenomena, it is necessary to know mainly the types of freezing that can affect crops, the period of freezing, etc. Frosts can occur in three different periods: winter, autumn and spring. Winter frosts called "black frost" causes, in general, less damage to agriculture, since intervening in a dormant period. However, these frosts, have a sensible action on vegetation when a period of several days, the temperature values fall below a threshold lowered. In the same time autumn frosts cut off vegetation cultures by providing the date of harvesting. In South Dobrogea was analyzed duration and period of freezing, using climate data for a period between 1965-2000, the main weather stations (Constanta, Mangalia, Medgidia, Adamclisi, Harsova). Based on these data, using statistical methods as the frequency and duration, could determine the index of the persistence of freezing that can characterize the degree of harshness of the climate. To calculate the index of thepersistence of freezing in the territory of South Dobrogea werw used multiannual average annual number of days with frost and no frost during the annual interval, resulting lenghth of days with frost possible. Thus, one can notice a lower persistence of frost in the Black sea, because of its moderating influence, while in the freezeng high plateau is greater persistence due to thermal inversions. In conclusion, the index of the persistence of frost can characterize the degree of harshness of the climate particulary for crops. Depending on these results we can see the consequences of these phenomena on crops, but also measures may be taken to prevent damage crops.
more abstractblack frost; crops
Presentation: oral
DownloadINSIGHTS INTO THE BIOTECH POLICY AND EUROPEANS TENDENCY pag. 376-381
Maria Mihaela Antofie, Camelia SandArt. 27, entitled Liability and Redress, of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) to the Convention on the Biological Diversity is stating that the Parties should adopt a process with respect to the appropriate elaboration of international rules and procedures in the field of liability and redress for damage resulting from transboundary movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) and shall endeavour to complete this process in four years. As this deadline was not respected due to the very complex process in negotiations globally, the 4th Conference of the Parties (COP) (2008) gives strict instructions to the Ad Hoc Technical and Expert Group on Liability and Redress to negotiate a Draft Supplementary Protocol to be further negotiated and adopted during the COP 5 in October 2010. The operational text to be negotiated is adopted as COP 4 decision. During the last negotiation sessions of the AHTEG (Thailand 8-12 February 2010) the operational text was tabled for discussions and negotiations but no general agreement was attained and discussions included guidelines on civil liability, supplementary compensation scheme and complementary capacity-building measures. Such new items developments are highly depending upon the type of the developed and adopted new regime for the Liability and Redress. Still during the last round negotiation it was agreed to be elaborated a single legally-binding provision on civil liability among the others administrative liability of the new supplementary protocol. In this paper it is discussed, applying the negotiations rules and procedures for using the draft paper submitted for negotiations and some legal implications for Romania as a member state if such a Protocol is adopted. Also the paper discuss the European and Romanian legislation already in force for genetically modified organisms in the field of liability and redress and reveals the next steps in further influence and develop the European legislation.
more abstractmodern biotechnology; policy; biotech research
Presentation: oral
DownloadDECREASING OF NOISE LEVEL USING RUBBERIZED ASPHALT pag. 382-388
Vasile Bacria, Nicolae HerişanuIn the context of sustainable development and environmental protection, a special issue is represented by noise generation and propagation in the urban environment. An important contribution at the noise generated by the road transportation means in the urban environment has the noise produced by the contact between the wheel and the rolling surface. In this paper we present an investigation of the effects of rubberized asphalt on decreasing the noise produced by the contact between the wheel and the rolling surface in the road traffic. This is a very actual problem which concerns also the researchers from USA, Great Britain, Italy, and so on. In our country it is for the first time when these kinds of problems are undertaken. In this paper we investigated the noise generated by the transportation means in the urban environment identifying the sources and the characteristics of the noise generated by the contact between the wheel and the rolling surface, the propagation ways, noxious effects and admissible limits. In order to characterize the noise we have accomplished measurements in 62 points located near some of the most important crossings from Timisoara City. The measurements were performed using the Bruel & Kjaer 2237 Controller Integrating Sound Level Meter, the N.L.-20 Sound Level Meter and the Bruel & Kjaer 2250 Hand Held Analyzer. These ones allowed identifying and recording the most important parameters of the noise. The results of measurements were processed, analyzed, interpreted and compared with the admissible values defined by standards. Some methods intended to decrease the noise generated by the contact between the wheel and the rolling surface were established and implemented. The effect of the implementation of these measures for decreasing the noise was evaluated through new measurements. In the paper we present a comparison between the situations existing in before and after the implementation of noise decreasing measures. In the same time, taking account that an important contribution to the noise generated by the road transportation has the wheel-road contact, this one can be reduced by covering the road with rubberized asphalt. Using this measure, it is obtained an important decrease of the noise level. This is used also for increasing the traffic safety through eliminating vehicle skidding. Consequently, we have analyzed in the paper the effect of the rubberized asphalt on decreasing the noise in Timisoara City.
more abstractnoise; decreasing; rubberized asphalt
Presentation: oral
DownloadNUMERICAL METHODS FOR SOLVING POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN AQUIFERS pag. 389-396
Mihaela Violeta BakosPollution of aquifers is a major environmental policies worldwide, show numerous international events dedicated to this subject. Remedial and protective measures undertaken are limited, often not reaching the expected efficiency failed due to excessive costs necessary to remedy, because the application of inappropriate methods and technologies as well as relatively long time necessary to remedy the aquifers. Currently we have a specialized unit able to develop and solve an aquifer pollution from its definition to implement remedies. Recent reports show that post that pollution, despite progress made in the field, remains a major reason for concern due to direct discharges, due to indirect discharges through nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides, and due to leakage from old or contaminated industrial sites in landfills. Although point sources of pollution have caused most of the pollution identified so far, there are data showing that the diffuse sources have a growing impact on groundwater. For proper pollution problems exist in the aquifer analytical solutions and numerical solutions in this paper we present numerical methods used to solve the problems of contaminated groundwater, and we will give special attention Finite Difference method and Random Walk method. These methods provide a representation in space and time of pollutant concentration. Market appeared many programs for calculating the concentration of pollutants in the aquifer, but are very expensive and require a very good knowledge of the input parameters, an understanding of the phenomenon and the scope of use. We present an example of pollution of aquifers, using the modeling ASMWIN. The process of transport of pollutants in the aquifer it will take into account the following aspects: physical and chemical properties of pollutants, the environment in which they learn the transport of pollutants, the state that is found underground pollutants in the environment: and the processes that control the transport of contaminants in the environment Underground: The main objective pursued in this work is to develop mathematical models to study processes taking place in aquifer pollution. The results obtained may contribute to an overall program evaluation, monitoring and remediation of aquifers that are in line with the main trends and orientations in the field of protection of groundwater resources on a European and global.
more abstractaquifer; pollution; difference finite method; random Walk method
Presentation: oral
DownloadIMPACT OF GEODETIC STUDIES AND MEASUREMENTS ON THE PRESERVATION AND REABILITATION OF FORESTRY HERITAGE pag. 397-404
Alina Corina Bălă, Floarea Maria Brebu, Carmen GreceaThe policy regarding environment preservation, as a relationship of mankind with nature, has changed in time, as on the awareness of the anthropic activities, with irreversible effects and with dramatic consequences on the modified natural environment. The limit between the agricultural lands and the forestry zones will be modified on the benefit of the agricultural lands and grazing lands, firstly, because of the demographic pressure. Another cause of national and global modifications represents the abusive use of forest lands. Topographic and cadastral measurements have a special importance in the environmental protection research, especially for monitoring the effects of nature’s geometrical modifications. There are also evaluated the effects of anthropic modifications on the environment. All forest sectors directly related to field data cannot operate without detailed maps of the specific area. Currently, most forest plans were made in Romania over 15 years old and no longer correspond to any reality from the field. Evolution and rapid development of surveying technology has led to these graphical products and other data necessary for a complete forest planning and its efficient management. In the paper it is presented a study case related to Savârșin forest area, Arad county, as a boundary project using GPS technology and also satellite photograms for future 3D modelling of forested territories. The large use of the automatically tools of measurement and processing, the elaboration of digital plans and maps lead to modern land management system which can face the present request from this field of activity. The applicability of the informational systems will last a long period of time, while both categories of classic and digital materials will operate. During all this period, the technical equipment for data collection, processing, storage and overview will continue developing, in order to accelerate the complex project of informational systems achievement.Key words: surveying, GPS, satellite photogram, detailed map, environment, 3D modelling.
more abstractsurveying; GPS; satellite photogram; detailed map; environment; 3D modelling
Presentation: oral
DownloadSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY GIS pag. 405-407
Adrian Băneş, Manuela Dora Orboi, Alin Monea, Mirela MoneaSustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts, the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs. Sustainable development is maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend. GIS organizes geographic data so that a person reading a map can select data necessary for a specific project or task. GIS can be an important tool for helping people map out plans for successfully achieving management strategies that are sustainable both at local and global levels. A good GIS program is able to process geographic data from a variety of sources and integrate it into a map project. Many countries, except ours, have an abundance of geographic data for analysis. GIS is key tool used in assessment, prioritization, mitigation, planning, science and training. Economic inequality, social instability and environmental degradation are common features of unsustainable development. Poor people bear the brunt of these problems because their livelihoods are precariously balanced on volatile economic opportunities and environments vulnerable to change. What we need is a national strategie for sustainable development (strategic and participatory process of analysis, debate, capacity strengthening, planning and action towards sustainable development), a tool to assist the farmers in overcoming their problems and start to strengthen their capacity for sustainable development. Using GIS in sustainable agriculture can lead to great benefits, especially for how they can be seen all the cultures they represent, the soil which are substances in the soil, availability of water, crop rotation, pests.
more abstractGIS; sustainable development; maps
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONVERTING FROM CONVENTIONAL TO ORGANIC VITICULTURE IN MINIS-MADERAT VINEYARD pag. 408-411
Eva Băra, Simona Florentina BarbuOrganic viticulture in our country is at the beginning, observing vine technology is currently growing a very large number of synthetic chemicals: fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and chemical fertilizers. However all these substances undo even the concept of organic viticulture. Without soil protection, vines can not provide healthy wines and grapes, organic quality. Active biological control of soil favors a balanced nutrition, rich in humus and mineral elements required for the plants development. Knowing the results of using synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides it is necessary to know, through mass media, enough of the soil protection laws. In EU countries this protection laws were well highlighted and firmly applied. Converting from conventional viticulture to organic viticulture is a dynamic process of creating a sustainable and self-regulating system. This issue is implemented within a longer or shorter period of time, depending on the preexisting chemicalization degree, on the soil pollution, the degree of attack on disease, pests, weed infestation, training and environmental awareness of farmers. The period from year zero until the obtaining of accreditation authorization is called the conversion period which lasts for about 5 years in viticulture, being carried out in 2-3 stages. This is called conversion step by step. It is necessary to underline that organic viticulture achieves lower yields compared to current conventional production system, which generates higher production costs. In compensation to organic wine products, they may be sold with a price 35-45% higher than the other conventional wine products, thus becoming more profitable. Romania’s integration into European Community structures requires adaptation of vine-wine production in our country to the best current quality standards as organic products. Measures have an important role: a rational fertilization of plantations, avoiding nitrogen excess which causes raising vine diseases and pests attack, avoiding deficiencies or excess of potassium, making timely tillage, eliminating by the work in green, of many sources of infection, determining the elements of forecasting and warning based on economic pest thresholds. Benefits of alternatives for biological control of pests and diseases are: it is avoided the use of polluting products, the use of low phytotoxicity products, obtaining crops without chemical treatments, prevention of resistance to pesticides, ensuring human and other creatures health by using cleaner control methods.
more abstractorganic viticulture; conventional viticulture; a rational fertilization; organic products
Presentation: oral
DownloadORGANIC FARMING, A CHANCE FOR ROMANIAN AGRICULTURE pag. 412-417
Simona Florentina Barbu, Eva BăraOrganic farming is an industry emerging economies around the world, a trend due to the general public awareness of the negative effects due to intensive agriculture performing, both upon human health and continue environmental degradation. Organic farming, which does not mean the way back to traditional subsistence farming, is emerging today as a great hope for post-industrial progress of mankind. In a world where agriculture has become rather a source of income than a food resource, repairing the serious imbalance caused by super intensive agricultural systems based on excessive chemicalization mandates the adoption of new strategies to protect natural resources, land, plants and humans against pollution and continuous degradation. The mirage of super industrialized agriculture, reflected in the impressive crop yields incredibly large, is about to collapse as life proves that this type of farming does not guarantee food safety and human welfare over time. As a result of growing a small number of varieties of abandoning crop rotation systems, of excessive or uncontrolled irrigation, of the abuse of chemicals that have polluted soil and waters and employing biological stimulators, today we are witnessing a process of soil degradation threatening human capacity of ensuring food for future generations. This danger, highlighted decades ago, today is expressed by the depletion of natural fertility of soil, by the rapid advance of desertification process, with chronic social consequences, especiallyon the long run. It is important that by the advanced chemicalization new diseases and pests have appeared, resistant to treatments applied. In turn, biotechnology or genetic engineering could only temporarily solve the great problems of mankind, for nature has produced new more resistant and more destructive varieties. Organic farming fully meets sustainability objectives, it contributes to sustainable development and to the production of high quality and healthy products, and implements sustainable production methods in terms of environment. Contribution of organic agriculture sector is growing in most Member States of the European Union and worldwide. In this context, it is necessary for organic production to play an increasingly greater role in agricultural policy and to be closely related to development of agricultural markets as well as to the protection and conservation of lands meant for agricultural activities. Organic farming plays an important role in implementing the Community's sustainable development policy. Organic farming can contribute to the ultimate goal of sustainability.
more abstractorganic farming; sustainability; natural resources; pollution and continuous degradation
Presentation: oral
DownloadTOPOGRAPHICAL-CADASTRAL MEASUREMENTS NECESSARY FOR THE EXECUTION OF SEWAGE SYSTEM IN JENA VILLAGE, TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA pag. 418-423
Luminiţa Livia Bârliba, Iacob Nemeş, Costel Bârliba, G. EleşThe paper is based on results of a land survey to modernize it according to E. U. requirements the work was performed in JENA, TIMIŞ County. This paper is prepared by the methodology in force, performing topographical-cadastral works necessary for the execution of sewage system in Jena village, Timis County, Romania on 2936.00 m length. In this context, what we have studied in our paper is the influence of topography on the rural areas, the way it is applied in these areas, and implicitly its influence on regional development. The stages of the land survey were as follows: - Support survey network, made of the points in the national survey network which stood at the basis of our land measurements; -Determination of the survey network, consisting of all the traversing posts; - Actual planimetric or leveling survey, by determining the position of the characteristic points that define the details of the area. The precision which has to be accounted for, in other words the maximum admitted errors in determining the coordinates of the points found on the contour of the details is of ±15 cm in flat open country. Topographical field works were conducted with total station Leica TC 805 by polygonal course process using the Romanian national geodetic system - Stereographic Projection 1970. Data processing was performed with post-processing software and specific programs of work - TOPOSYS, AUTOCAD. For the preparation of documentation, after the measurements, the data stored in electronic memory of tachymeter - Total Station Leica TC 805 were transferred to the computer memory. Leveling points were determined by polygonal course for geometrical levelling. Processing of surveying measurements was performed with the software TOPOSYS.
more abstractgeometrical levelling; total station Leica TC 805; polygonal course; topographical-cadastral works
Presentation: oral
DownloadPROJECT FOR IDENTIFICATION AND MEASURING A FOREST AREA SITUATED INTO THE ADMINISTRATIVE TERRITORY OF GIROC, TIMIS COUNTY pag. 424-431
Luminiţa Livia Bârliba, Iacob Nemeş, Costel Bârliba, G. EleşThe forest as main fighting element against soil degradation and pollution is the larger gift that nature could offers to the human being, continuing to be a great miracle even for the greatest specialists. A modern democracy, cannot be consolidate without having the private propriety as main background which is the result of hard work and life saving, due to which the main goal of the human being is to improve its life conditions. The paper shows up a technical documentation for measuring and identification of forest situated on administrative territory of GIROC, TIMIS county. The purpose of the paper consist in registering the forest area into the Land Register Book according to the owners name by applying the 247/2005 law. The whole area is covered by forest vegetation. The 61.90 ha of oak forest, is having a medium density of 4m, the trees height is around 12 m, and the average thick is 0.25m. The forest is situated nearby Timiseni Monastery at the territorial administrative boundary between Sag and Giroc district. The work beneficiary: Timisoara Archbishopric, Saraca Monastery. The work purpose: consist in identification and field measurements in order to land register the woods parcels Pd420, Pd425, Pd425, Pd411, Pd407, Pd408 in the Timisoara Archbishopric propriety, on the territorial administrative territory of Giroc. Concerning the juridical situation of the propriety, for the moment this is part of the Committee of Propriety Laws for the propriety restitutions, of Giroc Council, Timis County. The topographical field measurements were achieved by using TRIMBLE 5503 DR total station. The projecting system used is Stereografic 70 projecting system. The data acquired by the field measurements, was processed by GEOTOP- Odorheiu Secuiesc software, TOPOSYS 5.1.
more abstractgeometrical leveling; total station TRIMBLE 5503 DR; topographical-cadastral works
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE NECESSITY OF IMPLEMENTING THE AGRICULTURAL LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS IN ROMANIA pag. 432-437
Attila Blenesi-DimaAgriculture remains a significant sector of the Romanian economy in terms of area, contribution to the GDP and in particular share in the total employment. Romania’s total area is 14.8 million hectares, out of which 9.4 million is arable land, accounting 63% of total agricultural area. Agriculture accounts 13% of Romania’s GDP and its share in employment remains excessively high (38%) with negative consequences for farm productivity and rural incomes. The way chosen by Romania to give back collective land (i.e. land that belonged previously to agricultural production cooperatives) resulted in a highly fragmented ownership pattern. Privatization and redistribution of agriculture land has involved more than 5 million people, fragmenting land-ownership and causing the average farm size to fall to less than 3 ha. Farms are, moreover, divided into 4 or 5 separate parcels. As a consequence Romania’s farming sector a polarized structure in land operation emerged and developed: on one hand a large number of small peasant household farms, and on the other hand a relatively low number of large-sized farms, organized according to private holdings principles. In between, there has been a yet relatively thin layer of individual agricultural holdings that have a production potential and orientation of economic activity quite similar to those of the family farms in the EU Member States. The ability of the Romanian agricultural and rural sectors to cope with the competitive pressures in an enlarged single market will also be dependent upon the quality of decision making in mitigating the effects of land fragmentation, which should be part of a wider and more comprehensive rural development policy. Thus, in an optimistic evaluation only a little more than 6% of total individual agricultural holdings from Romania could be compared with the family farms in the EU countries. This figure is quite relevant and does not impose additional comments on the efficiency of land resources allocation to the largest part of agricultural producers from our country. We should highlight here once again the need to accelerate the process of land consolidation into viable farms, able to face the competition in the European Union. In the same time appears an immediate benefit for the improvement of the agricultural property structure and ownership, less fragmented and adequately equipped with rural and agricultural infrastructure.
more abstractland consolidation; rural development; land cadastre; land development; institutional frame; legal frame; land issues; agriculture
Presentation: oral
DownloadNEW FINANCIAL MECHANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES pag. 438-441
Vanina Adoriana Boglea, Mihaela Ioana IacobThis paper provides an overview of using fiscal policy as a key to a more sustainable development. Sustainable development is the concept of maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend. One of the methods already put into practice by some of the developed countries, which could be a saving solution for improving the environmental quality, is the fiscal policy, guided in this respect. The development of environmental tax revenue is currently subject to opposite forces; on the one hand, policymakers give high priority to environmental protection, a trend which may grow even stronger as attention focuses on the threat from global warning; on the other, greater reliance on policy instruments other than taxes, such as emissions trading, and growing political pressure to accommodate the strong increases in the oil price recorded in the last few years by reducing taxation of energy. Environmental taxes can be divided into three categories: energy taxes, transport taxes (taxes on vehicles) and pollution/resources taxes. These belong to the category of indirect taxes or consumption taxes. Environmental taxes are not a significant percentage of GDP in most EU countries. In 2007, revenues from environmental taxes in the EU-27 accounted for 2,5 % of GDP and for 6,2 % of total revenues. The role of environmental taxes remains one marginal in most EU Member States. However, some Member States, like Denmark and The Netherlands achieved significant share of environmental tax in relation to GDP. I consider that as the environmental taxes are concerned, the evolution registered in the European Union, has not yet reached the desired results. Therefore, the effects of taxation in the European Union, regarding environmental protection cannot be assessed as satisfactory. There are therefore necessary the community’s efforts in this respect, from overcoming the dialogue state and adopting measurements that are accepted by all member states.
more abstractenvironmental taxation; pollution taxation; "green" taxes
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY AT MAIZE IN CLASSIC AND NO-TILL SYSTEMS IN CONDITION OF ARAD AREA pag. 442-444
Iacob Borza, Ioan Gaica, Daniel DicuThe study was performed in conditions of the year 2009 on a mollic preluvosoil (SRTS 2003) in maize culture cultivated in classic and no-till systems. The energetic efficiency is quantified using two indicators: the energetic efficiency and the energetic balance. Following the energetical transformations made on equivalent basis, there was a report calculation between invested and obtained energy in agrosistem. Having a report between energy found in the main agricultural product – output – and energy invested in the ecosistem – input – determine energetic cost of every calory witin this product or conversion efficiency of energy invested.The energetic efficiency must be one of the main directions of economical restructuration in agriculture because assures production competitivity, takes environment protection into account and diminishes dependence from imported energy, mostly regarding fossiliyed fuels. The analysis effectuated over some agricultural crops of economical remarkable importance shows that after the use of particular technology based on mechanisation and high fertiliyation; the best efficiency was obtained to maise. The solar energy is not the only energetic input at plant disposal of agricultural importance. It is considered to be the most important and by all means it is free. the others inputs categories (soil preparation, sowing, fertilisation, phytosanitary treatments, etc.) require expulse which grow faster, from year to year, than biological-alimentary energy obtained by agricultural crops. For energetic analysis an important indicator is the structure of energy consumption. This has direct actively energy consumption (fuel, thermic energy, electrical energy), indirect actively energy consumption (manure, pesticide, seed) and passive energy consumption (tractors and agricultural vehicles) as main elements of consumption. After the report accompolishment between energetic impust and output it has been shown that some energy units can be obtained for a consumed energy unit.
more abstractno-till; energetic analysis; energetic efficiency; energetic balance
Presentation: oral
DownloadECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR SECTOR IN SERBIA pag. 445-452
Dragica Božić, Petar Munćan, Natalija BogdanovSerbia belongs to countries whose economic structure of agriculture has a high importance (the share of agriculture in the total population is 10.9%, the share in GDP from about 10%, and if you include food industry about 17%, while the share of exports is about 20%). In addition to major natural resources, Serbia has significant food industry capacities as well. In the field crop production structure of Serbia, besides cereals, the share of industrial crops predominates: sugar beet, sunflower and soybean. Sugar beet-growing areas amount to about 65 thousand hectares, and they produce about 3 million tons of sugar beet, whereas sugar plant capacities produce about 400 thousand tons of sugar. Since the 2000-ths, sugar became one of the most important export product of Serbia (primarily due to EU countries export and Autonomous Trade Measures-ATM). The study focused on some major economic characteristics of the sugar production sector in Serbia during the period 2000-2008, displaying the basic indicators of the importance of this sector in the economic development of Serbia, i.e. the share of GDP, employment and total exports. Economic efficiency of sugar beet production on family farms of Serbia and its competitiveness in relation to some other important field crops was analyzed as well. The main data source was a publication of the Republic Institute for Statistics. The analysis of the economic efficiency of sugar beet production was based on gross margin calculations using elements sampled in a survey. The survey was conducted on 50 selected family farms involved in field crop production only.
more abstractsugar beet; sugar; macroeconomic indicators; gross margins; family farms
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING PROGRAMS TO RURAL EMPLOYMENT IN NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF THE LABOR MARKET pag. 453-456
Florian Buşe, Tudor Goldan, Gheorghe Florin BuşeThe paper presents aspects of implementing effective professional training programs to develop the labor market by supporting the non-agricultural activities and attracting the people in the rural area. The performed legal and organizational procedures targeted: creation of the logistics of the project activities – location, persons; providing the resources to organize classes in every macro-region – logistics, facilities; providing the information portal about the project – web site design. The importance of the paper is regarded by to increased rural employment and labor market participation rate on non-agricultural activities. There were used the European Labor Employment Strategy and the National Strategies where we find the principles and the key areas for employment, with more implications towards the people from rural communities. The research project aims the dimensions, the priority action areas for the employment of the existing national and European Union strategies. The training programs support the following activities: project manager, tourism administrator and worker, sales agent, trading worker, fitter of board walls and ceilings, water plumber. The research included statistical analysis of the rural occupational and non-agricultural occupational structure from 4 pilot areas, corresponding to 4 macro-regions. The project is developed by the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest in partnership with various research institutions and other universities in Romania. The University of Petrosani, as partner, set up the rural professional training center. The training center benefits from the experience of the university specialists. The facilities in the university represent the guaranty for performance training. The use of the training programs consists in: occupations, for which these courses are organized, are frequently required in the labor market in Romania; courses are conducted by experienced specialists, the accumulation of knowledge is done through practical applications and case studies; courses are accessible to people who want to grow professionally as part of the target group. The project represented in the paper is called “The development of the labor market by promoting the non-agricultural occupations in rural areas”, European Social Funds, Sector Operational Program: Human Resource Development (POS DRU) CCI 2007RO051PO001.
more abstractlabor market; rural environment; professional training
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS CONCERNING MODELING OF THE AIR POLLUTANTS DISPERSION pag. 457-463
Gilda Diana BuzatuEuropean directives on ambient air quality enter for the first time in Europe the concept of modeling in air quality assessment and management. Modeling of air quality management improves efficiency of the air quality management. By modeling, you can identify the contribution of various categories of sources to overcome the limits. Another major advantage of the use of modeling air pollutants in air quality management and evaluation is to improve capability to represent the spatial distribution of concentrations of pollutants, with effect from regional scale to local scale, even at the level of cities and streets. Furthermore, modeling will contribute to compliance or non-compliance to the quality objectives set by legislation while helping to identify areas where limits are exceeded. Impact assessment of air quality due the operation activities belonging to S.E. Craiova II was performed by mathematical modeling, the results reference to limits set by Order of the Minister of Water and Environmental Protection no. 592/2002 for approving the Norms on setting limits, the threshold values and criteria and methods of assessment of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide and ozone in ambient air, supplemented by the Order of the Minister of Environment and Water Management no. 27/2007. To calculate the dispersion of gaseous and particulate pollutants discharged into the atmosphere we used a specialized program called SIMGP v.4 developed under Visual Basic platform after the complete theory of the American model ISC3 (Sources Industrial Complex Models). The selection model is an important issue as there is no dispersion model recommended. Each model used should meet the needs of the particular analyzed case. Hundreds of models are available, and differences between their complexity and capacity to meet distinct physical or chemical processes in the atmosphere are evident. In this view, in this paper we will attempt a study of modeling the dispersion of pollutants at local level which will focus on assessing the impact on air quality resulting from emissions sources associated with the activities of the S.E. Craiova II, and quantify the impact that some air pollutants are having on the viticultural agroecosystems from the Dealurile Craiovei area by calculating the probabilities of exceeded maximum allowable concentrations for 30 minutes.
more abstractdispersion; modeling; NO2; total powders
Presentation: oral
DownloadMODEL PROJECT FOR REHABILITATION, REFURBISHMENT AND ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LANDS IN NAMOLOASA – MAXINENI RECLAIMED UNIT pag. 464-470
Severin CazanescuThe prolonged droughts followed by floods, as result of climate changes, have a significant impact on agricultural production and on food safety. In such conditions, land reclamation works are vital, providing solutions for risks mitigation. In Romania, during the restructuring and reform process of agriculture, including the land reclamation sector, an important part of the existent infrastructure either couldn’t be adapted and was abandoned or remained unused as inadequate to the new structures. In such circumstances, the land reclamation works need to be rehabilitated and modernize in order to improve their performances and to reduce the operation costs. The paper presents a model project for the rehabilitation and worth of the hydro-ameliorative facilities in the Low Siret Plain. The following activities were performed in the project frame: estimation of the agro-productive potential of the climate, soil and water resources in the area; inventory and analyze of the existent land reclamation works and their impact on the environment; identification of the affected lands by different forms of degradation, risk evaluation and proposal of counteraction measures and ecological reconstruction. The methods and materials used were: soil maps, geo-morphological maps, analytic data regarding soil properties and groundwater chemistry, climatic data, on-site analysis. The research study is concluded with proposed works to be adopted, such as: - rehabilitation of the defense dams of the precinct, drainage networks, irrigation; systems and related pumping stations; salted lands improvement; area landscaping for specific crops to obtain renewable energy sources. The paper importance is found in the National Plan for Rural Development, Priority Axis 1, Measure 125 a – “Infrastructure improvement and development connected with agricultural development and adaptation”, operational objective - Modernization and / or refurbishment of the irrigation systems and other land reclamation works. The project was performed in the frame of the Research – Development Sector Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
more abstractland reclamation works; rehabilitation measures; ecological reconstruction
Presentation: oral
DownloadMODERN TECHNOLOGY FOR SOIL LEVELLING, BASED ON A 3D SCANNER pag. 471-478
Severin Cazanescu, Doru Mihai, Radu MuduraSoil levelling becomes of high importance, in modern and intensive agriculture conditions. Its effects are found in providing optimal and equal conditions to the crops, during yielding and growing. In areas with water excess, the soil levelling provides an appropriate water runoff, ensuring a better water management. The levelling works design is based on land surveying performed for surface units (parcels) which are going to be ameliorated. Based on the survey plans, the following issues are settled: the alignments which need levelling and the necessary optimal slopes from the efficient runoff point of view; the areas of digging/filling, depending on optimal slopes, to minimize the volume and transport distance of the ground. The calculations are performed using “Least-squares method” or other approximate methods. Unfortunately, the use of these methods needs long time and their accuracy and effectiveness are limited. The paper presents a more effective technology to carry out levelling works, which is based on the newest technology used in environmental engineering. The method is tested in Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering Faculty, in Bucharest and consists in using the following 3 elements of high novelty: replacement of the classical survey with modern scanning methods using LASER technology devices; use of modern GIS applications, developed by ESRI International, for data processing, combined with efficient CAD applications, developed by Autodesk Inc., world widely utilized; generation of a 3D model, based on the information collected and processed in accordance with the above mentioned steps. The model is then sent to dirt mover machine, by the aid of an operating device, using LASER technology. This way, the dirt mover machine can model the land with high accuracy, low costs and minimum fuel consumption.
more abstractLASER; scanner 3D; land levelling
Presentation: oral
DownloadSUSTENABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAŞLOC VILLAGE, TIMIŞ COUNTY pag. 479-482
Laura Constantinescu, Adia Grozav, Iacob NemeşThe concept of sustainable rural development refers to forms and methods of socio-economic development of which base it is to ensure a balance between socio-economic systems and environmental. One element of Maşloc village development, in addition to programs contained in the Development Strategy of Timiş County (DJ691 county road rehabilitation, water supply, founding a center for children with special educational needs, rehabilitation of school with grades 1-8), was the execution of one construction of MOBILROM in village. The paper presents data geotechnical study, which is the necessary base to design any building, being part of the technical documentation necessary to authorizing execution of construction works under the Law no. 50/29.07.1991, on the approval of execution of construction works. Geotechnical investigation purpose is to providing information necessary of a relevant and economic design of construction works, adding these elements: the sequence of geological layers that form the foundation soil and their physical and mechanical parameters in the content of the active area of foundations; alert to special conditions of the site or difficult foundation soil; the hydrogeology conditions, establishing parameters of seismicity and the depth of freezing of the area investigated, determining geotechnical category of work, recommendations on the design and execution of the building, conditioned by the characteristics of foundation soil. Steps taken in carrying out geotechnical study are: documentation, recognition site and determining the need for prospecting work; prospecting land by surveys/geotechnical drilling, sampling of disturbed and undisturbed soil, water sampling, dynamic penetration survey execution; analysis of soil samples taken in the field within the analysis soil and geotechnical laboratories to determine the physical and mechanical parameters; geotechnical development (documentation, field and laboratory data processing, conclusions) and verify the strength and stability of foundation soils and the occurrence of land.In the laboratory were made the following determinations: - granulometric composition; - density; - volumetric weight; - humidity; - limits of plasticity; - edometrica compressibility method; - consolidation of land; - resistance to direct shear; - characteristics of compaction - an attempt Proctor. Physical properties of soils are determined according to the methodology of soil studies development and mechanical properties according to norm NP 074/2007.
more abstractrural development; geotechnical development; physical analysis; mechanical analysis
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS REGARDING THE NATIONAL STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN REGION 5 WEST ROMANIA pag. 483-490
Ioana Alina Costescu, Rareş Hălbac-Cotoară-ZamfirIn 2005, after a long debate, the European Committee has adopted a revised proposal of the Goteborg Strategy from the year 2001. As a result of this process, the European Union Council has adopted on June 9th 2006 the Renewed Strategy of Sustainable Development for an extended Europe. To achieve these goals four key objectives were identified: - Environment protection, through measures that will allow separation of economical growth from negative impact over the environment; - Equity and social cohesion respecting fundamental rights, cultural diversity, chance equality and fighting any type discrimination; - Economical prosperity, promoting knowledge, innovation and competitive to assure high life standards and abundant and well paid jobs; - Fulfilling international responsibility of UE promoting democratic institution for peace, security and freedom, principles and practices for sustainable development all over the world. In the context of the decisions made by the European Union Council, the national Strategy seeks achieving the following strategically objectives on short, medium and long term: Horizon 2013: organically integration of the principles and practices on sustainable development in the Romanian ensemble of programs and regulation as European Union member. Horizon 2020: reaching the actual medium level of European Union countries regarding the main indicators of sustainable development. Horizon 2030: significant approaching to that year medium level of the European Union members by Romania regarding the sustainable development directives. For each one of this period of 7 years and the appropriated horizons are settled and debated a series of situations with practical objectives among the most important, are: - Climatic changes and clean energy; - Sustainable transport; - Production and sustainable consumption; - Conservation and management of natural resources; - Public health; - Social inclusion, demography and migration; - Rural development, agriculture and fishing. The aim of this paper is to establish how are this objectives reached and what measures are used to reached the established Horizons in the Region 5 West Romania. Region 5 Vest is located in the western part of Romania at the Hungarian andSerbia&Muntenegru border and it contains four counties: Arad, Caraş-Severin, Hunedoara and Timiş. Region 5 Vest has the following extreme points: the southern extremity of the region is located in the Berzasca locality, Caraş-Severin - 44º35'12" Nordic latitude, the northern extremity in Berechiu locality, Arad - 46º38' Nordic latitude, the western extremity in Beba Veche locality, Timiş - 20°15' easterly longitude, and the southern extremity near the Petroşani locality, Hunedoara - 23º easterly longitude. The region has a surface that totalize 32.034 km 2 , representing 13,44% of Roamanian territory. Timiş County is as surface the largest in our country (3,65% of national territory), while Caraş-Severin county is in third place (3,56% of national territory), Arad county, is the sixth (3,25% of national territory) and Hunedoara county occupies 2,96% from our country territory.
more abstractsustainable development; environment protection
Presentation: oral
DownloadCLAY MINERALS FROM SOILS OF BANAT AREA pag. 491-496
Constantin Crăciun, Marius Eftene, Victoria Mocanu, Dorin ŢărăuSustainable management of soils involved, where farmland and forest management, taking into account the cycles and flows of information, energy and matter between soils and other spheres of the natural environment (atmosphere, rivers, vegetation and fauna, etc.). Sustainable management of natural and anthropogenically induced resources is a modern form of land management, with the mission of maintaining and enhancing soil fertility and to enable long-term achievement of high quality food production. The addressed issues is relating to an area of 17216641 ha of which 1098520 ha of agricultural land, belonging to the Timiş and Caraş-Severin countys. The examination of ecopedological conditions, were setting in order and processing dates were made according to „ The Pedological Studies Elaboration Methodology “, (vol. I,II,III) of ICPA Bucharest, in 1987 and Romanian Taxonomic System of Soils (SRTS-2003). The soil, as a basic component of terrestrial ecology, has a number of properties that have served and serve both to specify the genetic classification and parametric entities and for the definition of agricultural practices. As part of the soil, the clay play an important role in setting out the relationship between certain physical and chemical soil attributes and between them and the creatures that inhabit them. The research made in recent years by the group of authors represents an attempt to present certain aspects concerning the relationship between mineralogical components and the soil quality or soil health. Given these considerations, in this paper will be considered some aspects concerning the mineralogical substrate share on the Banat soils. Although soil genesis processes can essentially change the original characteristics of the parental materials, the composition of their size still further to influence and even determine soil texture. In close correlation with the variety of geomorphological factors who are determining the existence of diversified relief units, those geological and litological who are leading to a diversity of parental materials and rock on wich the soil are evolve, climatic and hidrological factors and the various human interventions, have result a large population of soil with specific characteristics (related or totally different between them), constantly evolving. The research made is falling on the line to develop an sustainable agricultural system, responding to local requirements for establishing a scientific database necessary for the development of technology and measures of agroecosystems integrated management, the protection and conservation of environment.
more abstractclay; clay minerals; clay – parent material relationships
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY COMBINED THICKENING NETWORK OF SUPPORT IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR, IN HARDWOODS FOREST STANDS pag. 497-503
Cristian Ghiţă Crainic, Laura Vasilica DamianAchieving development support network in the forestry sector presents a number of features due to working conditions. Modern technologies in the sector requires a number of ground measurements of working conditions, which in the forest sector often can not be achieved only partially. Obtaining accuracy of various works carried out in the forest sector may be influenced by the technologies of specialized programs that work and post-processing calculation. One possibility to achieve works of stuff network support in the forestry sector is represented by the use of combined technologies, depending on their technical requirements and that the working conditions on the ground. GNSS and conventional technologies now provide the logistics sector land measurements. Programs for work can provide a number of advantages even in the particular situation of working, that when visibility is reduced or the signals received by GPS receivers can be affected by a number of perturbation factors. Hyper-specialized software working methods used in technological processes benefits from a number of possibilities to optimize the results, obtaining results that are characterized by accuracy within the tolerances proposed technical standards. A method which can be successfully used for thickening and support network to achieve network that lifting the details of the forestry sector is the intersection of linear limit, a generic method called free station. By applying this method will determine the spatial coordinates of a new point that will be stationed with total station and which will cover at least two points whose coordinates were determined with GNSS technology. The flexibility of this method is that the points determined by GNSS technology can be placed conveniently in terms of technical conditions claimed by this technology. In the case study were analyzed a series of points whose spatial coordinates were determined with more modern technology work to assess the efficiency of the method with the Free Station. The results obtained in this case study recommends working method analysis to determine points of stuff network support and network that lifting the details of the forestry sector.
more abstractforestry sector; geodezical network support; technology combined, GNSS technology; conventional technology; free station
Presentation: oral
DownloadTRAVERSE WITH INDEPENDENT STATIONS - A METHOD FOR LIFTING DETAILS ON CONDITIONS OF WORK IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR pag. 504-510
Cristian Ghiţă Crainic, Laura Vasilica DamianDetermining details of the forestry sector in many cases is a very difficult problem considering the Structural-functional peculiarities of forest stands with direct implications on the technical conditions imposed by modern technology used to determine the spatial coordinates of characteristic points. As a result, mutual visibility is affected consider giving different characteristic points of the structural-functional features of forest stands and obviously of vegetation season. To achieve the various skills involved in forestry projects (design and installation of trasnsport drawing, designing and building hydro drawing, design and drawing compartment line, etc..) Can be successfully applied traverse method with independent stations in order to determine coordinates of points characteristic. This method is based on targeting of points that are visible from the stations between which there is mutual visibility. Of stations considered necessary to be able to cover a sufficient number of points determined in the reference for calculating the official post-processing algorithm based on successive transformations of coordinates corresponding points in different system of reference, finally obtaining the coordinates in national reference system. The analysis of results for this case study follows a series of features on how the location of control points on the surface of high points which can be used to optimize the working method according to the particular land. Control points used for case study were determined with modern technology that GNSS technology, conventional technology and technology combined, the results obtained are directly conditioned by the precision of determining the control points and that their location within the work area. The calculation algorithm, based on coordinates’ translation, does not provide an accurate positioning for the new points. As a consequence the accuracy of transformation parameters will be taken into account in order to assess precision. A series of points, which were previously calculated by the intermediate of modern technologies (GNSS and TS), will be re-calculated. The working method is efficient in the case of relative plane plots of land, a minimum number of four points being required, arranged in the corners of the working surface.
more abstractdetailes; traverse with independention stations; conventional technology; coordinate transformations; common points
Presentation: oral
DownloadAN EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA pag. 511-516
Luiela Magdalena Csorba, Ramona LileSustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment, so that this needs can be met not only in the present, but also for the future generation. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity. Sustainable development does not only focus on environmental issues. The United Nations 2005 World Summit Outcome Document refers to the "interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars" of sustainable development as economic development, social development, and environmental protection The present paper analyses a sector application of this concept: sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism development includes a set of heading principles. In implementing these principles, the reduction of the negative effects of tourism is needed. To include tourism in a sustainable approach, a few essential objectives must be attained. To reach these objectives, a link between tourism and other economical fields is needed, because tourism is a sector which has a lot of direct and indirect influences. That way, sustainable development of tourism means a permanent and continuous equilibrium between tourism development and environment protection. The sustainable tourism objectives in Romania covers: the diversification of the tourist services and their alignment to the international quality standards, the exploitation of each region potential, the arrangement of touristic and leisure zones, the promotion of both: urban and agro-tourism, the implementation of eco-tourism concept, training of the personnel engaged, new employment possibilities, the protection and conservation of the cultural and historical patrimony of each region, a good promotion of the touristical potential. Protection and preservation of the touristical potential - in the sustainable development view - is a distinctive activity, with specific issues, which requires the contribution of the specialists form various domains. The strategies used may have a satisfactory efficiency just when they assure a proper legal and administrative framework, which implies a good administrative organization, efficient economic resources, an efficient legislative support and a permanent civic education. In Romania, they are not necessary just simple investments in tourism, because it is also needed a marketing which may underline the opportunities of our country.
more abstractsustainable tourism; environment; touristic resources
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOME DIFFERENTIAL APPLICATION’S PARTICULARITIES IN THE CASE OF MAINTENANCE WORKS OF NATURAL REGENERATIONS IN THE OAK-GROVE - BEECH MIX STANDS pag. 517-523
Laura Vasilica Damian, Cristian Ghiţă CrainicNatural regenerations represent a concrete and safety modality to obtain valuable stands, characterised by a high level of ecosystem stability and superior productivity. Management of natural regenerations is, most often, a complex activity which involves professionalism and experience as well as adequate logistical framework. The oak-grove—beech mix stands are complex ecosystems, taking into account the complementary requirements raised by both species forming the ecosystem. As a consequence, natural regeneration of this stand requires a series of framework condition for achievement. The stand accessibility represents a basic condition, if applied treatments (interventions)’ particularities are taken into account. Beech seedling tolerates to certain extent both the shading and protection provided by mother stand shading; in the case of oak grove, the requirements of in place regeneration are rather different, as longer shading could thus compromise the new stand. In order to create favourable conditions for regeneration installation and to achieve the massive state of the future stands, respectively, within an optimum period, a sequence of special works are necessary, the so-called the forestry culture maintenance. These works will be performed differently, being directly correlated with the ecological characteristics of seedling to be subsequently promoted. As a consequence, the creation of a framework of favourable conditions is targeted in order to incorporate the large size seeds into soil– the oaks case and ensuring vegetation optimal conditions for the sprung samples, through moving away herbal and arborescent species. These interventions can be performed manually or mechanically, the proper option being selected function of ground conditions and available logistics. At the same time, it is required that the maintenance works of forestry cultures to be consistently applied in order to ensure the forestry cultures outcomes, as expected by Forestry administrative bodies. The performance at due time (timing) of these works stimulates an exceptional spring and development of the future stand, thus decreasing the time span required to reach the massive state, obtaining a stand’s adequate structure and composition. Thus, the stands obtained through natural regeneration preserves the local origins in-situ. For the future, the production of these types of stands will be targeted, as the advantages offered by these stands are multiple and thus creating the prerequisites for an integrated intervention.
more abstractnatural regeneration; mixed stands; improvement cuttings
Presentation: oral
DownloadWAYS TO ACHIEVING A SPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIS) FOR THE FORESTRY SECTOR BY USING OF MAPSYS 8.0 PROGRAMME pag. 524-530
Laura Vasilica Damian, Cristian Ghiţă CrainicThe design of spatial information system represents nowadays an issue for a series of sectors of practical application fields where some spatial data linked to the activities deployed are being used. As a consequence, in the case of forestry sector, the implementation of the information sector is imperiously required taking into account the specificity of the deployed activities. Modern positioning technologies of different characteristic points as well as the cartographic products in digital format provides for a complex and differentiated exploiting of the data collected in this manner. The use of ortho-photographic plan in forestry sector represents a mean of collecting data (the so-called raster data) which are very important for the characteristics of deployed activities. Moreover, the forestry maps and forest arrangements can provide important information as regards the stand (forests) specificity required in growing stock’s careful management activities. The design of a complex database requires that field data be accurate and mirrors the objective reality on the ground. Achieving this goal supposes input data checking within the IT system, on the ground, while the potential shortcomings will be adjusted accordingly. Data processing in order to complete the design of the information systems require the use of some very specialised and dedicated software which will accomplish the specific points’ spatial positioning and reporting, as well as the data base completion. The study case carried out within the Siniob U.P.I., Sacuieni Forest Range Canton, Bihor County Forestry Directorate. For the study case was used the MapSys 8.0 programme. The data were collected from the ortho-photographic plan; some completions of these data being made within the parcels where forestry works were performed starting from the ortho-photographic plan design and up to present. Some particular issues were identified when the growing stock limits were set, especially for the areas where vegetation lives outside the growing stock while the separation of the above-mentioned parcels raise some problems. The solving of these problems involves visits paid on the spot and the stands’ separation; in this later case the limit points being set previously by the combined use of GNSS-TS technology. Following to the data accurate processing, digital products are generated, namely the thematic maps and alphanumeric data in tabular format out of which they can be exported to different working formats, if necessary. The spatial information systems are very useful products for forestry sector, being characterised by a high technical resilience, and providing useful information for different managerial, technical solutions etc., necessary to be adopted.
more abstractGeographical Information Systems; informations; date; database; forest fund; silviculture operations; silviculture register
Presentation: oral
DownloadCROP AREA ESTIMATION WITH REMOTE SENSING pag. 531-534
Viorica David, Mihaela SturzaThe management of agricultural policy and food security require timely and possibly objective agricultural statistics. In well organized countries crop area estimates are generally available a few months after harvest; having reliable figures before harvest is a major challenge. The European Union (EU) grands financial aid to farmers, growing a certain kind of crops. In 1992, the EU decided to establish an Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) in order to administrate and to control the farmers’ declarations. In Romania, this Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) was established in 2005. The requirements on the IACS were expanded to graphical applications by regulation amendments. Nowadays the system shall comprise five elements: 1. a computerized database; 2. an identification system for agricultural parcels; 3. a system for the identification and registration of animals; 4. aid applications; 5. an integrated control system. In the context of Land Parcel Identification and Net Area determination, the land cover types to be taken into account in this study is focused on: Arable Land, Forage Land, Forest, Water bodies, Infrastructure. The purpose of Control with Remote Sensing is to check the conditions under which aid is granted on a sample of applications. The primary result of these checks is a diagnosis at parcel level. The paper focuses is on methods that can be considered operational or pre-operational and to analyze the step from classified images to area estimation. Crop area estimation is addressed, but most criteria can be applied to land cover area estimation for environmental purposes. In this paper is investigated an updating process based on image classification and change detection. The images have to be rectified in order to get reliable information about agricultural parcels areas. Problems in image rectification are outlined and a classification case study using the ERDAS IMAGINE software shows chances and limits for land parcel update.
more abstractremote sensing; parcel; environment; crop; land
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE EVOLUTION OF SOME COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEMS PRODUCTIVITY FROM VINGA PLAIN IN CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE pag. 535-541
Daniel Dicu, Iacob Borza, Dorin ŢărăuThe research made is falling on the line to develop an sustainable agricultural system, responding to local requirements for establishing a scientific database necessary for the development of technology and measures of agroecosystems integrated management. The passing to no-till cultivation system radically changes the content of technological elements, that simplifies the technology by the suppression of soil work, so the impact on the agricultural ecosystem is different from that of conventional technology, first decreases the pressure on agricultural ecosystem and on the other apear new interactions, new disrupt the new balance or imbalances. The research made in the world concerning no-till technology get some information about the implications of this system of agricultural cultivation on the environment, showed that the impact varies from one area to another, depending on climatic and soil conditions encountered, agricultural management. The researches regarding the evolution of the agro-ecosystems’ quality and productivity from the Vinga High Plain in the no-till crop system tries to highlight the quality and quantity changes emerged in the agricultural ecosystem. The no-till crop system was applied at the wheat, maize and soy crops. The experimental field is situated on a cambium chernozem clayey earth/clayey earth, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad Agro-center and representative for an important surface of the Banat –Crisana Plain. The experiment has three factors, being of the type 2x2x3, with subdivided parcels into 4 repetitions (144 parcels). The experimental factors are: Factor A – the technological system (A1 – without deep soil working, A2 – with deep soil working), Factor B- the culture system (B1- classic culture system, B2- No-till culture system), Factor C- fertilizers doses (C1- N 0 P 0 K 0 , C2- N 80 P 80 K 80 , C3- N 160 P 80 K 80 ). Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly for the three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep work of soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil. Even if the productions obtained in the classic system are superior than those obtained in the no-till system, considering the economical costs for establishing a culture in the no-till system are lower, the same as the pressure made upon the soil (by reducing the number of passes with the agricultural machines and installations), than the classic system.
more abstractplant culture; system; influence; component; agroecosystem
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ANALISYS OF THE STANDS STRUCTURE AND THE INTERVENTIONS FOR APPLING THE WARANTY OF DURABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SESSILE OAK AND EUROPEAN BEECH MIXES FROM THE MIDDLE BASIN OF CRISUL REPEDE RIVER pag. 542-548
Sorin Lucian DorogThe structure of stands is the one which gives the more complex information about the programe of the stand and its following evolution if there are no esential (unexpected) modifications which can totally change the initial programe. This paper studied a mixed stand of sessile oak and european beech for which its characteristics were established and then, through successive simulations, different tipes of thinnings were pictured for which the characteristics of the stand were calculated afterwords. Appling different sistems of silvotechnical mesures influences the size of growth and the quality of the wood, meaning the ratio between the volume of thick and thin trees, of different species and qualities. The structure of a stand can be defined as an interaction sistem between the element obeyed to modifications. These interactions give the stand stability and durability in time. The structure appears as a general characteristic of the coexistence relations between the elements of the stand. The relations between the elements of the stand which define its structure can be of many types: gathering relations,asociation relations, size and domination relations. Each of these relation types distinctevly establish some characteristics of the structure of the stand. The gathering relations establish the consistence of the stands, the asociation ones-type of the mix, size and domination relations establish structure of the stand in a vertical plan. Structure of the stands is the result of the abiotic environment action and the interaction of the system elements. Among the complex interactions which influence the structure of the stand, the intraspecific and and interspecific relations have an important role. These interactions are obeyed to the capacity of the species for perpetuation in space and time. Among intraspecific relations the ones of embaresment and rivality can be mentioned and among interspecific relations the ones of favouring, embaresment and rivality are mentioned. The forming and the dynamics of the structure of the stands is given on one hand by the competition, favouring, embaresment relations, the intra and interspecific cooperation and on the other hand by the interactions with the abiotic environment, taking into acount the genetic features also. In the mixed stands, as in the case of European beech, European spruce and European silver fir stands, the competition, favouring and cooperation appear as interspecific rates. In the mixed stands the interspecific competition in minimum and the cooperation and favouring relations act in the way of asuring stability and perennity of the stands. As a result of the factors complexity which interfear in defining the structure of the stands it is necesary that on the basis of the concret conditions, the models which correspond to silvicultural conditions, social- economical and ecological functions of the stands to be established.
more abstractstructure; stands; programme; thinnings; sessile oak; european beech
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ANALISYS OF THE WOOD PRODUCTION FOR SALIX HIBRID USED FOR LIGHTERS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 549-552
Sorin Lucian DorogSubstituting biomass for fossil fuels in the generation of energy is an important strategy for the EU in order to mitigate climate change. Fo this purpose bioenergy is being promote through several EU Directives, which aims to increase the use of renewable energy sources to 22% in 2010. Biofuels are also promoted in the Biofuel Transportation Directive which set out to increase the share of biofuels or other alternative fuels in transportation fuels to 2%by 2005 and 5,75% in 2013. A number of crops have been investigated with regard to their suitability for biomass production in Europe. These analyses show that perennial energy crops such as willow perform much better in terms of energy than annual food crops. In order for the average farmers to adopt a new crop such as willow perform much better in terms of energy that annual crops. Willow production has a high net energy output compared, for example to grain and oil seed production and its biomass yield is relativly high. Salix hibrid is used in other countries because of their heigh grow for material to product lighters. The productivity of this plantation is about 30-40 tones/hectars, and this plantation we can exploit 20-25 years. This paper offer a solution to develop energy crops in the areas where the forests are not so good represented. The objective of this study was to present the advanteges of growing willow in comparison with traditional crops and also to present an economic perspectiv to cultivate willow for biomass which will be use to product lighters. The economics of growing willow, wheat and barley was analysed on farm level using a model presented by Rosenqvist. This model was developed for analysis of the annual ecomomics of growing willow, aperennial crop comparable tot hat of wheat and berley, which are annual crop. The model employs a total step calculation method in which all disbursements and revenues are discounted.
more abstractbiomass; energy; production; willow; crop; lighters
Presentation: oral
DownloadENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AS PART OF STRATEGY IN CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES pag. 553-556
Jozsef Gal, Ildiko Horvath GalneThe demands and influences of the environmental movement change our life. We can find the local interests win often, therefore processes not organized because of this and investments appear beside each other. In agro-food business the reasons are attributable to lack of information and the weakness of the supplying systems. This situation offers different ways; therefore you have to find the best way to save it for the future. The problem is to know, how we can build into the strategy of the enterprise. Can it be in the focus and possible to take marketing-mix around it? Environmental market is been developing in Central- and Eastern Europe, therefore its terminology has not been fixed yet. Against this situation it is possible to develop alternatives, in which marketing is very important part. Demands of customers pull the environment friend products and services. The inclination of the bad acceptance of the higher price is connected to this. On these bases how we can understand and require manifesting environmentally based marketing strategy? The security political aspect of the environmental protection has got stronger particularly under the influence of the change of the political system in Central and Eastern Europe. This way the participation in international environmental cooperation is more than the question of the protection of the environment. We would like to write about scope, measure, manage of it. It is not a duty for companies; it must be a type of motivation based everyday activity. We mention the regional special element of it.
more abstractenvironmental protection; infrastructure; mentality; environmental market; strategy
Presentation: oral
DownloadROLE OF INHABITANTS LIVING OUTSIDE OF TOWNS IN RURAL AREAS pag. 557-561
Jozsef Gal, Ildiko Horvath GalneSince collectivization of the agriculture in the past few decades, scientific literature defines the population living outside of towns or villages agriculture peasantry. It is false, because it was not an occupational construction any more; all of them all changed a lot in the look of commerce. The peasantry got its share of a determining role in the Hungarian society's establishment in the course of the centuries; let it be an economy, sociology, a tradition, e.g. The last changes of twenty years did not let the farms untouched. New inhabitants arrived and others left this form of living, therefore nowadays it shows a quite heterogeneous picture to us considering their occupation, their conduct, their social role, appeared on the farms. By today everything has changed a lot from the aspects of both employment structure and farming activity. From the beginning of the 60s, for their children the school became the most important channel of social mobility. Its role was increased by two factors, on one side mechanical and technological development together with industrialization, on the other side termination of private estate property which cancelled the question of inheritance. The young generation finishing schools meant the labour supply. They generally finished trade or technical schools. These young people did not move back to their parents’ home, to the farm. They stayed in the town, started a family there and though they helped parents with the seasonal work, their children have become alienated from both this way of life and this view of life. The peasantry had a considerable role in formation of the Hungarian society throughout the centuries in the fields of economy, sociology, traditions etc. Changes in the last twenty years could not leave the farms untouched. There are new inhabitants on farms who can give a fairly heterogeneous picture regarding their trades, way of living or social role.
more abstractinfrastructural conditions; population on farms; public security; resort farm; farm for agricultural production; dwelling farm
Presentation: oral
DownloadLEAD PHYTOEXTRACTION AND REMANENT EFFECT OF PB AND EDTA TREATMENT pag. 562-568
Eugenia Gament, Georgiana Plopeanu, Vera Carabulea, Nicoleta VrînceanuPhytotechnologies exploit natural plant physiological and biochemical processes, and green plants can be used for decontamination of soils polluted with trace elements and organic compounds (phytoremediation). A significant part of agricultural land in Europe and elsewhere is contaminated with heavy metals, some of which still in agriculture use. Plants play a crucial role in the contamination of the food chain by toxic metals, via primary accumulation before entry into animal or human body. Nowadays, the use of plants for the removal of atmospheric contaminants is less developed, but it will become extremely relevant to sustainable development and human health. Phytoextraction can be considered absorption of trace elements into roots, then translocation into shoots, followed by the harvest and destruction of the contaminated plants, with possible recycling strategies to recover metals from biomass or ash. The paper presents the preliminary tests regarding the remanent effect of Pb and EDTA treatment on the capacity of lead translocation into maize plants. It is presented the second vegetation cycle of maize plants on cambic chernozem soil material treated with both three different lead concentrations (1000 mgPb·kg-1, 2000 mgPb·kg-1, 300 0mgPb·kg-1) and EDTA remanent contents. The treatments (Pb and EDTA) were applied before seeding, at the beginning of the cicle I and consisted in the application of three lead concentrations (1000 mgPb·kg-1, 2000 mgPb·kg-1, 3000 mgPb·kg-1) and 6 concentrations levels of EDTA (expressed as ratio between EDTA and Pb). To study the remanent effect, we limited the number of doses of EDTA to 4 concentrations (0; 0.5; 1; 2). Similar with the first cycle, the plants weight, the plants height and the lead content from maize shoots are strongly influenced by the treatments with Pb, EDTA or Pb+EDTA. Pb concentration in biomass increased with EDTA concentration for the same Pb pollution degree. This study, as a preliminary test, evaluated the maximum permissible levels as concern both the lead accumulation degree and the chelating agent concentrations required to perform some phytoextraction conditions.
more abstractphytoextraction; soil pollution; Pb; EDTA; remanent effect
Presentation: oral
DownloadHYDROCHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL DAM LAKES FROM OLTENIA PLAIN AND THEIR USEFULNESS FOR TOURISM AND LEISURE pag. 569-572
Elena Gavrilescu, Georgiana GavrilescuResearch conducted in the Preajba Valley catchment aimed they introduction on the list of protected nature reserves from our country. Studies in this area were made by Brezeanu Gh, 2003, Cioboiu Olivia, 2002, Pleniceanu V., 2004. Preajba Valley catchment is characterized by a special contribution of groundwater quartered in alluvial deposits of the three levels of terraces from the left of Jiu River. Lakes formed by crossing the river Valea Preajba and its tributary Valea Bătrână, fragmenting them into 14 segments - areas that have formed as many lakes. It is noted that areas of lakes increases from upstream to downstream, fact correlated with their depths. The direction of this catchment is East-West, contrary to other of the Plain of Oltenia. Preajba Basin is highlighted by ecological features of the area. Thus, in an area not exceeding 30 square kilometers are grouped a variety of continentalaquatic ecosystems: springs, streams, rivers, lakes and swamps. Each of these confer own features to biocenosis, plant and animal populations, this providing an image of ecological diversity in a limited geographical range. The study focused on determining the physicochemical parameters from the aquifer, related with the ecosystems biocenosis by which is populated. To determine the physicochemical properties of water were sampled from a variety of locations in order to establish exactly the character of each type of ecosystem and their combination: limnocrene, reocrene, limnoreocrene. This qualification explained largely physicochemical features of each category. The spring water fits in 1-st quality category being exploited in order to supply the Craiova city. The water chemistry shows a high nitrates and phosphates content, being classified in eutrophic waters category. In terms of anion and cation content lakes could be described like bicarbonate sulphate calcic magnesic category, characteristics of mixed mineralization (is notice a high biogenic elements this being a particular character of the lakes). The waters fit in the 2-nd quality category, being used for fish (except salmon culture) as well as tourist and recreational purposes. The originality of the work lies in the classification of hydrological configurations and usage delimitation. The present study, beside to future environmental studies indicate this ecosystem as a new protected area.
more abstractecosystem; protected area; hydrobiology; hydrochemistry; saprobiology
Presentation: oral
DownloadATMOSPHERE AND SOIL POLLUTION SOURCES IN MONO-INDUSTRIAL AREAS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT pag. 573-578
Tudor Goldan, Florian Buşe, Cătălin NistorThe mining industry induces major influences on the environment, which appears in every stage of the technological processes. Besides the solid wastes, the mining industry also generates gaseous and liquid wastes, in significant amounts. Opencast mining deeply affects all the environmental factors (soil, water, air) and involves high expenses for affected surface land restoration in order to put it back in the economical circuit. The mining mass from waste dumps consists in a heterogenous mixture of rocks with different strengths, granulometry and physical and mechanical properties. This leads to the growing of vegetation in these areas only after their coverage with a vegetal soil layer and their reintroducing in the agricultural circuit. If the waste dumps are storing wastes issued from rocks conraining metalic sulphides, the rainfalls are generating chemical and bacterian solubilisation of these sulphides and the resulting solutions are tricklering in the ground and underground waters, affecting the local hidrographic network. As a consequence of mining operations, the vegetation is also affected through deforestation, landslides and dust settling on leafs, resulting a dramatic decrease of the agricultural production in the region. When the mineral deposit is mined out by underground workings, the stress and strain state in the rock massif is modified, generating the surrounding rock stability decrease and their displacement on a certain distance, according to their loosening capacity and their capacity of filling the resulting cave. Sometimes, the movement of the surrounding rocks can affect the surface ground, producing its degradation and that of the facilities built up in the influence area. For a significantly long period, the coal will maintain his role of safe energetically fuel, for many countries being the only available fuel to provide the growing electricity demand. Coal-based thermo-electrical power plants can affect the environment, even by impacting the ecological balance in their proximity, through their complex influences exerted on all the environmental factors (water, air, soil, flora and fauna), so that the energy-generating sector is considered a major pollution source. Mintia thermo-electric plant is the third electricity generating capacity in Romania, with an installed capacity of 1260 MW and a yearly output exceeding 4 million MWh. For thermal and electric power generation, it yearly consumes 2.3-3 million tons of coal, over 500 t fuel oil and 8000 m3 natural gas. As it concerns the Paroşeni power plant, his airborne emissions are lower. SO2 quantity released is of 8,800 t/year, the NOx is of 1,400 t/year, the airborne dust reaching only 1,400 t/year.
more abstractpollution; atmosphere; soil; mono-industrial areas
Presentation: oral
DownloadTOURISTIC AND MEDICAL FACILITIES IN ROMANIAN SALT MINE CAVITIES pag. 579-586
Tudor Goldan, Ciprian Danciu, Cătălin NistorThe Romanian salt mines are located between low altitude hills, of 500-700 m, in an gentle continental climate, having the main climatic parameters less pronounced that we find in the fields and mountain regions, with a relaxing bio-climate, tranquilizer-apathetic, sparing, with a great number of thermal comfort average days. As a consequence of salt mining activities huge cavities were created, which by shape and aspect are representing real points of touristic attraction and a new kind of services was linked with the valorisation of these cavities in the rock salt massifs, representing real “saline palaces”. Considering the admission of the saline treatment efficiency, mostly in pulmonary diseases, the development of speleo-therapy in Romania is presently in continuous development. If, initially, the saline micro-climate did not exceeded the volume of a surgery room, resorting to speleo-therapy procedures the characteristic eco-system elements are increased, the micro-organisms concentration grows and the micro-flora is modified. It should be noted that in the old mining rooms the micro-climate parameters are having peculiar values, such as 12ºC temperature, about 50% of air humidity and an atmosphere charged with saline aerosols, with recognized therapeutical effects on human body’s health. The above-mentionned properties lead to setting-up in time in some abandonned exploitation rooms, located in stable areas of the mining field, of zones dedicated to various purposes: such as: touristic tracks; medical treatment facilities, especially for lung diseases; professional athletes training facilities; halidoms; museums; etc. The paper presents views from several Romanian salt mines, whose underground spaces, resulted after salt mining activities, are having presently touristic or medical purposes, such as: Salina Slănic Prahova, Salina Praid, Salina Ocna Dej.
more abstractmine; salt; tourism; medical
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE IMPORTANCE OF TOPOGRAPHICAL WORKS FOR BUILDINGS REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE IN THE URBAN PLANNING CONTEXT pag. 587-594
Sorin Ioan Herban, Carmen Grecea, Cosmin Constantin MuşatHistorical buildings play an important role in cultural heritage scenario: their main value is due overall to age, artistic and structural features and to surrounding environment.A study for monitoring and analyzing building structure becomes of easy approach, thanks to periodical testing of its level of safety which can be obtained through modern geo-technologies, referring to non-contact, often automatic, metric sensors. Rehabilitation and maintenance of historical architecture includes reinforcement of configuration, adjustment of geometry and other technical procedures. The 3D laser scanning technology is one of the important techniques methods to acquire spatial data. It scans the architecture of the objective point by point in very short time; records and create point clouds to simulate the shape by computer; reconstructs 3D model with high accuracy. A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (i.e. color). The collected data can then be used to construct digital three dimensional models useful for a wide variety of applications. These devices are used extensively by the entertainment industry in the production of movies and video games. Other common applications of this technology include industrial design, orthotics and prosthetics, reverse engineering and prototyping, quality control/inspection and documentation of cultural artifacts. The combined use of 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies allows the replication of real objects without the use of traditionalplaster casting techniques, that in many cases can be too invasive for being performed on precious or delicate cultural heritage artifacts. The resulting digital 3D model, shown in the screen of the laptop, was used by a rapid prototyping machine to create a real resin replica of original object.This method is especially fit for surveying historical architecture heritage with lack of construction records. This paper presents a study case regarding different practical projects for 3D scanning of historical buildings in Timisoara.
more abstractmonitoring building; urban planning; 3D laser scanning
Presentation: oral
DownloadGEOREFERENCING OF TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS USING THE SOFTWARE ARCGIS pag. 595-606
Mihai Valentin Herbei, Valeria Ciolac, Adrian Şmuleac, Eleonora Nistor, L. CiolacThe digital map must be built by using all the resources available based on a rigurous analisys of their content and the costs involved, having the purpose of reaching the necessary quality under conditions of maximum efficiency. Each data source implies the existence of specialized software which will bring that data in a digital map format, starting with insuring the necessary equipment, going through the technological problems and data conversion and ending with the proper training and preparation of the personal. Before using spatial data in a Geographical Information System it is necessary to define spatial reference system which can establish with maximum accuracy the corresponding positions from earth. This can be done through a process called georeferencing process which can identify the ellipsoids and cartographical projections simulating the real space. The georeferencing process implies framing of a plan representation into a reference system called location. For georeferencing a map we need at least two pieces of information: a series of points easily identifiable on the map whose location (latitude and longitude, rectangular coordinates) is precise (here the principle is: “the more, the better”) and the projection system where the original map on paper was made. The georeferencing process of the topographical maps based on known coordinates represents the most ordinary process of georeferencing a scanned map. This type of georeferencing process is used when we can accurately find the positions of the points on the surface of the map (usually a topographical map. During the time in Romania there have been used more projection systems, and the one used from 1971 until the present is Stereographical Projection 1970 on unique secant plan based on Krasowsy ellipsoid. Before the georeferencing process we must define the Romanian National Projection system into a CAD / GIS software. The parameters of this projection which will be used to input in the used software are: Code: Stereo 70; Description: Stereographical Projection 1970; Coordinate System Type: Geodetic; Datum: Pulkovo 1941 Russia (GIS and former USSR Teriritories); Oblique: Stereographic; Northing: 500000, Easting: 500000; Projection Parameters: Origin latitude: 46d , Origin longitude: 25d; Scale reduction: 0,9998.
more abstractmaps; georeferincing process; coordinates; scaning; transformation
Presentation: oral
DownloadMODELLING OF SURFACES IN ORDER TO PROTECT THEM pag. 607-614
Mihai Valentin Herbei, Valeria Ciolac, Octavian Herbei, Cosmin Popescu, L. CiolacThe digital model of an object or phenomenon is constituted of a data collection systematically stocked (data base) that describe a tri-dimensional system of coordinates, arbitrary or particularly can form the object features or states/accomplishments of the phenomenon (conversion as a digital image) and allow by calculation programs, deducting the object or states shape and features for the phenomenon in new points. Modelling the areas is the process for representing graphically a natural or artificial area by using one or more mathematical equations. Modelling the terrestrial area is a particular case for modelling an area where we should take into account the specific problems for representing the Earth or some of its parts. From the fields where the digital model can have an immediate applicability are as follows: analyse of telecommunication systems, designing the pipe networks (water pipes), command and control of different systems, as in all other fields where it is necessary to know the altitude information in different points of an area. The term of „digital terrain model” was used for the first time in 1958 by Miller and Laflamme who defined it as “a statistic representation of continuous area by using a great number of points whose horizontal coordinates (x, y) together with the altitude (z) are known and this representation is made in an arbitrary coordinates system”. The digital terrain model represents an informatics’ instrument composed by terrain data and software that represent a basic component of a GIS. The digital terrain model (DTM) is composed by 3 sub-systems: Digital elevation model- DEM contains altitudes, slopes, curves, etc. Digital planimetric model – DPM contains planimetric data and elements. Digital model of objects nature – DEN contains pedologic, geologic, hydrologic data etc. Generating the DTM refers to the way of data acquisition, to making the model by using different interposing methods and also choosing the structure of data representation (raster or TIN).
more abstractsustainable development; Environmental protection; G.I.S.; modeling; digital terrain model
Presentation: oral
DownloadUNDERGROUND MINING EXPLOAITATION INFLUENCE ON THE SUSTENABLE DEVELOPMENT OF JIU VALLEY MICROREGION pag. 615-622
Octavian Herbei, Cosmin Popescu, Mihai Valentin HerbeiThe areas affected by the mining exploitations are mono-industrial and the appearance of potential directions for developing them are very linked to the results of the influence of these mining exploitations over the environment. The effects of the underground mining exploitations are the displacement and deformation of the terrain around the exploitation. To study the influence of this underground exploitation over the area is necessary for putting into evidence the phenomenon of displacement and taking the measures for protecting the objectives executed on the surface and the surface itself. So, the development of the infrastructure, the tourism, services, the implementation of different projects in order to have a sustainable development of Petrosani town must be made by analyzing very carefully the phenomenon of displacement and deformation of the terrestrial area under the influence of the underground exploitation. The Jiu Valley area that is intensely and forced industrialized, recorded during the last 40 years an excessively a port of population with different behaviors and customs is reflected into the social and economical situation of the county. This area contains 3 big towns: Petrosani, Vulcan and Lupeni, 3 small towns (Petrila, Aninoasa and Uricani) and only one big village, Banita, which contains three small villages. Into the context of a sustainable development of Jiu Valley in general and of Petrosani in particular we must take into account of many factors. One of the most important factors that influence the process of development is constituted in the subsidence phenomenon in Maleia - Livezeni are, which has a very high tourist potential and also into the other areas of Jiu Valley mining basin. The protection of the industrial, social and natural objectives from the surface of mining perimeter is made by dimensioning the safety (protection) pillars. In many cases it is put the problem to valor the reserves of useful mineral substance set into these safety pillars so putting into exploitation and introducing them into the economical circuit. In this situation there are made different studies in order to know the displacements and deformations of the terrains under the influence of mining exploitation of a rock situated under certain geological and mining and exploitation conditions.
more abstractSustainable development; Jiu Valley; deformation; underground mining exploitations
Presentation: oral
DownloadASSESING DROUGHT RISK IN TIMISOARA DURING THE LAST DECADE pag. 623-628
Anişoara Aurelia Ienciu, Silvica Oncia, Carmen Aurelia Peptan, Pal FazakasDrought can be operationally defined as a water deficit state in relation to plant, population, and economy needs, resulting in discomfort and unbalance of social and economic activities and in negative impacts on some important environmental factors. The phenomenon is widely spread at present on Earth and in Europe, and it is due to greenhouse gas effect caused by pollution and by massive deforestation on Earth and in Romania. Atmospheric drought is seen through the significant increase of average daily temperatures during the summer as well as of average maximum temperatures in summer and winter months – an increase of the frequency of tropical days (daily maximum above 300C) and lack of precipitations. The paper presents the result of analysis of the following parameters in monitoring drought: sum of monthly and annual precipitations, average monthly and annual evapotranspiration in the studied years, monthly and annual hydric deficits and their graphic representation, average monthly temperatures and their evolution, as well as air relative moisture values; we also calculated and analysed aridity and climate indicators in Timisoara during the studied decade, From the point of view of the precipitations regime, an important indicator in identifying drought, the sum of monthly precipitations in the summer and even spring months (i.e. the annual sum of these precipitations) can help us draw a conclusion on the trend to drought and desertification during the studied decade. Moisture deficit was determined as the difference between the amount of precipitations and the values of monthly potential evapotranspiration and of plant water consumption, respectively, determined through the indirect Thornthwaite method, using average monthly and multi-annual in Timisoara. Identifying drought during the studied decade in Timisoara asks for drought management measures that could also be preventive measures, action measures during the phenomenon, and phenomenon control measures.
more abstractatmospheric drought; soil drought; average monthly temperatures; average monthly temperatures; sum of monthly precipitations; potential evapotranspiration; aridity coefficient; climate coefficient
Presentation: oral
DownloadBIO-MONITORING OF BISHTARAKA LAGOON pag. 629-635
Alma Imeri, Lirika Kupe, Julian Shehu, Alfred Mullaj, Erta DodonaData on the trophic state of Bishtaraka Lagoon are presented. The Bishtaraka’s Lagoon is located in central coastal region of Albania and exists as transitional environments between land and sea. The lagoon covers a surface ca.155 ha Level of trophic state is based on standard methods for analysis of macrophytic vegetation [15] and chlorophyll a content and other photosynthetic pigments of phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), Phosphor contents. Also are measured physic characteristics of waters like temperature, Ph and turbidity of water. Plant communities’ evaluation is based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics and is classified through principals of Zurich–Montpellier school. Monitoring of chlorophyll a content and other photosynthetic pigments of phytoplankton, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), phosphor contents, and diatoms species are carried out during a year from April to September 2009. In Lagoon are selected four stations for samples taking. Evaluation of water trophic level is based on classification proposed by Hǻkannson [4]. Oligotrophic : clear and blue water, with very low levels of nutrients and algae. Mesotrophic : slightly green water, still clear, moderate levels of nutrients and algae. Eutrophic : green and murky water, with higher amounts of nutrients and algae. Hypertrophic : supersaturated in phosphorus and nitrogen, excessive phytoplankton growth, poor water clarity. Flora of Bishtaraka Lagoon belongs to the aquatic macrophytes rooting in sediment. Two main groups are commonly distinguished: Emergent aquatic macrophytes . Reed (Phragmites australis) is often found in monospecific stands, but also mixed with Typha angustifolia, Scirpus lacustris. Submersed macrophytes . From this group, in Bishtaraka Lagoon we have registered flowering plants such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton pectinatus. The aquatic vegetation strongly influences the light conditions, temperature, oxygen concentration, sedimentation rate and turbulence in the water body. Analyses for determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) are realized through Winkler method. Based on the collected data we can evaluate that Bishtaraka Lagoon is characterized by a high trophic state – eutrophic level. Trophy state of Bishtaraka lagoon in four stations in April and September is presented high eutrophy, increasing from April to September.
more abstractEmergent aquatic macrophytes; Trophyc state; submersed macrophytes
Presentation: oral
DownloadSTRATEGY, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP pag. 636-642
Dražen Jovanović, Marija Nikolić, R. ĐakovićIn the era of system development and economic transition, in other words the modern age, entrepreneurial activities have more and more influence, both from the standpoint of increasing production, as well as from the standpoint of meeting the needs of consumer goods, development of services, etc. Strengthening of market relations, the development of new ways of economic thinking and reasoning, the development of initiative and entrepreneurship, regardless of ownership and economic activity, are the best indicator of changes in the economic structure of society in which we live and the best proof that we are in the process of transition within the framework of market economy that requires greater effort and work, but with the greater benefit. In point of fact, the strategic commitment of enterprises predominantly affects the quality of an enterprise in relation to its competitors. Managers of companies should be aware of all developments, both in their environment and in the company.
more abstractentrepreneurship; leader; leadership; strаtegics; mаnаger; management
Presentation: oral
DownloadINSTITUTIONALIZING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT pag. 643-647
Eva Koncsag, Alexandra PopaThis paper presents aspects of the present situation existing at the European level concerning regional sustainable development, primarily aimed at monitoring and evaluation of integrative regional sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development has begun to take shape in recent years, as a potential solution to problems facing humanity. The continuous growing living level and human life quality can be realized only using industrial and technological methods. These methods involve the growth of energy consumption and uncontrolled pollution of the environment. These effects are unwanted and this is the reason for a lot of debates in the whole world in order to find the appropriate solutions. Currently there is a tendency of increasingly emphasized of institutionalizing the concept of sustainable development in European and global level. This involves mainly: setting goals to be achieved, specifying the time for analysis, establishing the measures and the period of their application, developing control and assessment tools (Sustainable Development Indicators - SDI), mathematical modeling in the analysis system, checking results and also their interpretation and analysis. For this purpose, there has to be defined the concept of sustainable development for each case particularly, it’s indicators and established a mathematical model to describe more precisely the interactions of the analyzed system. These shortcomings are primarily due to hard quantifiable measurements. In terms of practical applicability, there must be formulated rules and strategies of sustainable development and highlighting the values of certain parameters that process characteristics in a given time. Thus, sustainable development is a complex process, which can be applied successfully to regional and then national level, by quantifying the data obtained. The importance of sustainable development refers to increasing the quality of human life, by finding possible solutions for increasing living standards and environment protection.
more abstractsustainable development; institutionalizing the concept of sustainable development; sustainable development legislation; sustainable development indicators SDI
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS ON AIR POLLUTION WITH SULPHUR DIOXIDE IN ORADEA CITY pag. 648-653
Nandor Köteles, Ana Cornelia MozaAt the level of Oradea city, the observations on the air quality are being ensured by the Environment Protection Agency by the intermediate of its own domestic monitoring system; there are three steady monitoring points namely: at the headquarters of the Environment Protection Agency – Bihor branch, on Corneliu Coposu Street at the Children Hospital, and at Environment Protection Faculty. The placement of monitoring points was carried out by taking into consideration the pollution generating factors concentrated in these areas. The air quality monitoring in Oradea is being performed through long term measurements of the air polluting substances, scheduled on 24 hours, respectively. The aim of this paper is to assess the air pollution with sulphur dioxide in the Oradea city area, this indicator being monitored for a 15 year time span, from 1994 to 2008, respectively. The main methods used in the current research are the following: analysis method, comparative method, mathematics-statistics method and graphs. By means of statistics-mathematics methods, we computed the data collected from the Environment Protection Agency. The results we had obtained through mathematics and statistics method were then translated into graphs in order to highlight clearly the air polluter’s unsteadiness in time. This gas monitoring must be corroborated with the fact that, in Romania, there is an antipollution maximum rated value, which, for median values is 0.250 mg/m3/24 hours, and for a 30 minutes time, span must not exceed the maximum rated value of 0.75 mg/m3 (750 μ/m3). In the case of the period we monitored, the average values of sulphur dioxide within Oradea city area did not overrun the standards rather than temporarily and accidentally. At this fortunate situation the wind, blowing from South directions, was a major factor in dispersing the polluters. The variations of sulphur dioxide gas emissions for a one year time span highlight the fact that larger amounts are in the cold period of the year (from November to March), when the heating stations and other heating sources activity is intensive as well as during summer time, when road traffic quotas are higher than in the rest of the year. The critical areas from the air pollution point of view are located at the proximity of streets and boulevards with an intensive traffic, major crossroads, industrial waste dumps, unprotected waste dumps/refuses, animal farms, chemical industry, although the later ones have reduced substantially their production gen erating activities.
more abstractpolluting; sulphur dioxide; maximum rated values of concentration; monitoring point
Presentation: oral
DownloadRELATIVE AIR MOISTURE IN CRISUL REPEDE DRAINAGE AREA pag. 654-661
Nandor Köteles, Ana Cornelia MozaThe current research was carried out on the basis of the data provided by a generous meteorological database, and recorded by 5 meteorological stations within Crisul Repede drainage area (Sacueni, Oradea, Borod, Huedin, Stâna de Vale), on a long time span, between 1970 – 2008, respectively. The relative moisture represents the percentage ratio between the watery (aqueous) vapours (e) and saturation pressure (E). This parameter is of practical interest as it indicates the saturation point of a certain air volume with watery vapours. In order to carry-out this research study we employed both a series of traditional research models as well as a series of modern means and models. The main methods used in the current research are the following: analysis method, induction method, deduction method, comparative and statistics-mathematics methods and graphs. The use of traditional research methods and instruments specific to climatology targeted computing as accurately as possible of all the available data, by this studying the impact of the relief as climacteric factor in the evolution of the relative moisture parameters. In the current paper we put forward an analysis of the monthly and annual regime of relative moisture, its multi-annual monthly evolution, the median frequency of the days with relative moisture ≤ 30%; ≤ 50%; ≥ 80%. Die to the impact of humid climate, the annual median parameters of relative humidity are very high, with values between 76.3%, recorded at Sacueni meteorological station, and of 88.6%, recorded at Stana de Vale meteorological station. The watery (aqueous) vapours amount is dependent on air masses origin, physico-geographical conditions, soil surface’ condition, continental depth, level of rains, annual rainfalls, etc. The largest amounts of watery vapours in the analysed area come from Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. To air moisture level increase, it contributes in a smaller share the water evaporation out of soils, rivers surfaces, humid surfaces and plant transpiration. The air nebulosity, rainfalls, solar radiation, etc. all are dependent of this meteorological element. Moisture excess or deficit along with other meteorological factors may have negative impacts, of which we mention the following: degradation of people’s health condition, draught, the later leading to sudden dehydration both of plants and animals, etc.
more abstractrelative humidity; climate element; median values
Presentation: oral
DownloadDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT pag. 662-677
Ramona Lile, Luiela Magdalena CsorbaThe sustainable development concept was analyzed along a few decades, within a huge number of scientific debates, deepened at international level. That way, this concept received politic valences too, in the globalization context. Sustainable development has as background the finding that, the human civilization is a component of the ecosphere, dependent on the raw material and energy flows existent within it, on its stability and self-regulation capacity. The public policies elaborated on this basis aims to reset and maintain an rational long run equilibrium, between economic development and the integrity of the environment. Sustainable transportation concerns systems, policies, and technologies. It aims for the efficient transit of goods and services, and for the sustainable freight and delivery systems. Sustainable transport (or green transport) is a concept , an ideology and - in some countries - a governmental policy , that consists of strengthening or replacing the current transport systems of an urban / suburban area with more fuel-efficient , space-saving and healthy lifestyle-promoting alternatives. The term refers to any means of transport with low impact on the environment, and includes human or animal muscle-powered vehicles, low-carbon fueled vehicles, any kind of vehicle using a renewable source of energy for its propulsion. Sustainable transport systems make a positive contribution to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the communities they serve. Transport systems exist to provide social and economic connections, and people quickly take up the opportunities offered by increased mobility. The advantages of increased mobility need to be weighed against the environmental, social and economic costs that transport systems pose. The EU strategy for sustainable development - which represents the basis for the National Sustainable Strategy in Romania - complete the Lisbon Strategy which is a catalyst for the ones who use to plan public policies for the public opinion, with the aim to change the behavior in the European society and in the Romanian one, and to generate an active involvement of the decision making parameters in elaborating, implementing and monitoring of the sustainable development objectives. The programs, documents and strategies elaborated in transportation, for the pre- and post adhesion period of Romania - in sustainable development field - contains relevant forecasts and target objectives too. Relevant for this analyze are the strategies and policies which concerns with a short - term period. The most appropriate term to fulfill the European Unions requirements is the 2013 Horizon. The national objective of this is to promote a proper transportation system for Romania, able to facilitate a secure, rapid and efficient movement of peoples and goods, at national an international level, consonant with the European standards.
more abstractsustainable transport; environment; pollution
Presentation: oral
DownloadDROUGHT IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN DOBRUDJA pag. 668-672
Marius Lungu, Liliana Panaitescu, Anca Nicoleta Albu, George Marius Cracu, Simona NiţăAs climatic risk or risk associated complex, drought is characterized mainly by the absence of rainfall, increased sun exposure, soil and air temperature, increased evapotranspiration process, helping reduce air and soil moisture and, therefore, to reduce the pool of productive moisture in the root system of the plant, which causes wilting crops to reduce agricultural production and even to affect the total harvest, if not taken necessary measures to combat water scarcity in irrigation. In this way, the phenomena of drought and climate hazards are drought trigger environmental hazards that affect both agricultural production and the whole geographical environment, including public health. This paper aims mainly to know both the climatic features of the drought but its implications in agriculture Dobroudja. It also is intended as a warning to a careful monitoring of crops as well as for finding the best means of defense against the risk of atmospheric phenomena. In preparing this study were analyzed weather data from the period 1965-2005 the main weather stations Dobroudja (Constanta, Mangalia, Hârsova, Cernavoda, Adamclisi, Medgidia, Sulina, Chilia Corugea, Horia, Jurilovca, Gorgova, Tulcea, Mahmudia). In this study it was examined for the first time in the territory of Dobroudja, the distribution of indicators (standardized abnormal index, standardized precipitation index), highlighting areas within the risk and the action may be taken to prevent being of real help for farmers Dobroudja.
more abstractDobroudja; drought; productivity; risk
Presentation: oral
DownloadFROST AND THAW - CLIMATIC RISK TO CROPS IN SOUTHERN DOBRUDJA pag. 673-677
Marius Lungu, Liliana Panaitescu, Anca Nicoleta Albu, George Marius Cracu, Simona NiţăIn meteorology it is considered that frost days are those days when the minimum temperature is below or equal to 0°C. Thaw is characterized by warm weather during the cold period of the year, when air temperature rises to 0°C or exceeds this value. If the frost interval is accepted as existing from the first to the last day with minimum temperature below 0°C, in what regards the thaw period, there is no unanimous opinion. In this paper, the thaw interval was considered according to the researches, which accept that a new beginning for thaw can be considered after the frost has stabilized, that is, after the maximum temperature < 0°C is registered consecutively for a particular number of days. The end of thaw is considered the time when the daily average temperature is permanently over 0°C. Frost and thaw are part of the phenomena whose action influences negatively different economical activities. These phenomena have very harmful effects in agriculture. Thus, late spring frost interrupts the vegetation period of plants, while early autumn frost leads to the loss of the crop. Thaw in turn, accompanied by the sudden melting of the snow layer, endangers the autumn cultivation or contributes to soil erosion.
more abstractDobrudja; frost; thaw; risk
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE INFLUENCE OF MAIZE AND A NATURAL PRODUCT ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF OIL POLLUTED SOILS pag. 678-683
Mariana Marinescu, Mihail Dumitru, Anca Rovena Lăcătuşu, M. MarinescuSoils are major support systems of human life and welfare. Pollution of soil is caused by the presence of contaminants or other alteration in the natural soil environment. There are many petroleum hydrocarbons polluted areas today due to incorrect use of oil products. The hydrocarbons biodegrading occur in most environments where hydrocarbons may serve as organic carbon sources. Bioremediation is based on the use of microorganisms or microbial processes to degrade environmental pollutants, and offers several advantages over the conventional chemical and physical technologies as costs and negative impact on soil structure. This method can be a low cost effective and also an environmental friendly technology. Low biodegradability and bioavailability of the petroleum hydrocarbons may limit the biodegradation in polluted areas. Biodegradation is defined as the biologically catalyzed reduction in complexity of chemical compounds. During remediation the bioengineer can enhance the biodegradation by adjustment of optimal technological parameters. The aim of this study is to develop and test in a greenhouse experiment an improved technology for bioremediation of crude oil polluted soils. The soil artificial polluted with crude oil will be treated with a natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum. The plant used in the greenhouse experiment is maize. In this paper are presented the resulted obtained in the second experimental year regarding the following parameters regarding plants growth: the number of plant/plot, the height of plants, the number of leaves and the biomass. It will be shown the influence of crude oil on plant growth in a soil treated with a natural biodegradable product. Bioaugmentation is frequently used for the enhancement of the biodegradative capacities of polluted soils. According with the results obtained, this method will be used in field and the rehabilitation and reuse in agriculture of soil polluted with crude oil will be possible in a shortened time.
more abstractbiodegradation; polluted soils; maize; a natural biodegradable product
Presentation: oral
DownloadRURAL ECONOMY DIVERSIFICATION IN SERBIA pag. 684-691
Marina M. Miljkovic, Hamid El Bilali, Sinisa BerjanSince agriculture can’t create enough job opportunities many rural dwellers rely on non-farming incomes. Evidences from many European countries show that non-agricultural economy influences greatly rural areas economic growth thus improving rural population working and living conditions. Serbian rural areas negligence determines a considerable delay in the structural adaptation to EU standards. The aim of this work is to present basic indicators on the level of rural economy diversification, to identify and explain the changes happening in the rural areas during the transition process with a special focus on how and why rural operators diversify their activities and to present some measures and actions undertaken to stop the negative tendencies and to revitalize rural territories in Serbia. Recent data from The Serbian Bureau of Statistics as well from the specialized national and international literature have been used. The achieved level of diversification was assessed by analyzing the labour force market and the income sources. Results explicitly show that sources of income and livelihoods diversification is an integral part of the business strategies of most rural households. Serbia has significant potentialities and strengths for rural economy diversification but they are not properly used. In fact, most of rural labour force is still engaged in agriculture (about 47%). Since agriculture is, in many Serbian areas, lowly productive and potential for its intensification is limited and/or can be environmentally degrading, living conditions improvement can be achieved only through households livelihoods diversification. Diversity of Serbian rural areas potentialities and contexts means that rural development strategies design and implementation should be tuned to their specificities. Therefore, collaboration of the public, civil and private sectors on the local, national and regional level is highly required and the participation of the local communities is a must. A more dynamic rural economy is not possible without valorising all available potentials and assets. This multifaceted research is based on a set of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound) indicators using easily accessible yet objectively verifiable and high quality input data. It can be easily used by decision makers, scientists and development practitioners to monitor the level of economy diversification in Serbian rural areas and to compare it with performances in other European countries in order to achieve a better tuning of rural development policies. Limitations of this kind of research are due to the lack of an adequate statistical base.
more abstractdiversification; income; activities; rural development; agriculture; Serbia
Presentation: oral
DownloadWIND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF USING pag. 692-698
Ioan Mintas, Olimpia MintasIn accordance with the responsibilities assumed by Romania for transmission to future generations a clean and healthy environment, with respect to the three dimensions of sustainable development-economic, environmental and social, this paper addresses implications of using renewable energy (wind) on environmental quality. A "clean Nation" is the result of a complex of activities and actions related judiciously to improve environmental conditions and population health and involves the development of appropriate community mentality, realistically assess environmental issues, establish priorities and develop appropriate strategies to solve them and not least, changing attitudes and behavior towards the environment and civic responsibility. Without environmental protection, can not ensure sustainability. Sustainable development integrates environmental protection and environmental sustainability condition. Using renewable energy is a compulsory need time to achieve sustainable development of the country. The work was done using GIS map of areas that will place wind farm, using meteorological observations made over three years, with maps containing specific areas within the country with biodiversity, with findings of doctoral theses completed in the Oradea and in Debrecen University and using technical literature. In this mode achieve a wind farm located in a mountainous area on the environmental factors. They also studied the positive effects of investment and stfel have highlighted the beneficial effects on biodiversity by increasing humidity results due to the decrease of wind speed due to its passage through the plant palettes. Although wind power worldwide is at an advanced stage of technological maturity, we can state that in Romania the share of energy from renewable wind energy balance, short term, are below the real possibilities of economic recovery, due to high prices and difficulties administrative. These reasons have prevented so far come true regenerable energey competitive with fossil rule. Using of renewable energy will certainly lead to the need for similar studies to that presented.
more abstractwind; energy; sustenaible
Presentation: oral
DownloadRESOURCES AND ENERGY, CORE COMPONENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY pag. 699-704
Olimpia MintasDevelopment strategy of any nation is a coherent vision of the future, certainly in terms of Strategic generous and realistic concept of sustainable development. Responding to the European objectives in the context of globalization processes, Romania needs to realize obligations as an EU member country and entered the details of modern development. National Security of the Development Company is a dynamic, multidimensional, and at this time outweigh those characteristics. Energy mean for mankind which means blood for the body. There is realized map of the country's wind potential, but he did not realize the correlation between biodiversity and the use of wind power in areas that pose potential In the current global classical depletion of energy resources increasingly pressing problem arises identify new energy resources to provide independent of Romania in this regard. Researchers Romanians work in identifying each geographic area in any case to identify the source of energy that will be optimal to exploit both the technical and economic. In while working to develop technologies for their that converts renewable energy into electricity that you not be totally importers of such technologies. At the same time working on an inventory of traditional energy sources and to provision their life time. Natural resources are an essential part of national heritage and classified under inexhaustible natural resources - solar energy, wind, geothermal and wave category of renewable exhaustible natural resources - minerals and fossil fuels and renewable - water, air, soil, flora, wildlife. Like any other nation truly strategic resources are gas, oil, water, wind potential, etc. This work aims to investigated which is the balance of these resources (as we are / how we need), to highlight the "vulnerability" of these resources, then submit their proposals for balancing (elimination of "vulnerability"). All efforts are made to identify the meaning of renewable energy as any study involving telling time in this area involves measurements that are stretched over 3-5 years. Practical implications of research. Achieving accurate as the energy balance of the country and identify low-cost renewable resources will provide independent Romania in energetic terms.In this fact constitute an essential component of national security, in fact one of Chapters National Security Plan.
more abstractresources; energy; national security
Presentation: oral
DownloadINFLUENCE OF METEOROGICAL FACTORS ON THE EMISSIONS GENERATED BY A FARM AGROZOOTECHNICAL pag. 705-709
Olimpia MintasGiven the increasing share of striking the livestock sector in the national economy is of great interest to know which are emissions generated by this and their influences on environmental factors. This paper aims to examine correlations that exists between emissions in atmosphere by notching animal farms and meteorological factors. To realize this work I make some measurements at various livestock farms. Noted that all the farms are located in different zone of the Bihor county, where the weather conditions and topography are different. I note that measurements were made with a sampler for particulate matter and with a digital gas analyzer type Oldham MX21.I also has been used mathematical simulation of dispersion of pollutants generated by equations of mathematical physics. n the equations, leading to simulate pollutant dispersion is found meteorological factors such as wind speed, temperature, upward movement of air masses, humidity, etc. Initially it presents briefly, to highlight the technological process emissions at every stage of the technological process and also in order to extract their properties. Theme paper is not addressed in the first, but certainly is a topical issue through themes. Theme is studied by the scientific community of all countries with focus on environmental protection and the development of society in correlation with the principles of sustainable development. In this connection European scientific communities are remarkable efforts that try to achieve standards that must be respected in the breeding activities. Practical implications of research, importance of work: This paper proves its usefulness especially for guiding entrepreneurs in choosing the best locations for future Agrozootechnical firm and providing information indicative of policy makers in the field of environmental protection in such an objective economic analysis.The importance of the work result by highlighting how emissions from the activity of pigs in a growth industry affects livestock farming communities.
more abstractmeteorological factors; emissions; farms; agro zootehnycal
Presentation: oral
DownloadFOUNDATIONS REALIZED IN PUNCHED HOLES FOR BUILDINGS pag. 710-717
Monica Mirea, Cristina Otilia Voicu, Carmen Aurelia PeptanThe paper presents at the beginning a synthesis of the technology for realizing foundations in punched holes, the fields of use and the advantages of this technical founding solution. It further analyses the types of equipment used and the modalities of punching the foundation holes, emphasizing their influence upon the improvement of the ground and the increase of the so-realized foundations’ bearing capacity. The use of spherical or truncated cone punching equipment represents a new and original element nationwide. The first punching research in Romania was realized by the team of the Roads and Foundations Department of Timisoara, with punching equipment in the shape of truncated pyramid with the small basis on the bottom. These studies have been finalized in 12 dwelling buildings (Basement+ Groundfloor+4 Floors), located in the area of the County Hospital of Timisoara. The solution will have an impact both theoretical and practical, having numerous applications and opening new horizons in the improvement of the foundation ground by using the punching procedure, since this procedure ensures the realization of buildings on weak soils, through direct, surface foundation. The subsequent deformations under the construction loadings are minimal. The solution of realizing foundation holes through punching contributes to reducing the volume of the excavation and the materials used in the realization of foundations, to cutting down the quantities of materials needing transportation (soil, concrete, steel-concrete, wood for frames, etc.), as well as to the shortening of the execution period. All these elements have a favorable impact upon the environment, finally the costs of the investment being smaller than in the case of the known solutions. The solutions of realizing foundations in punched holes consist in forcing into the ground certain spherical, truncated cone, truncated pyramid shaped equipments (tampers) through striking or vibration. As a result of this mechanical thrust, an area of packed soil is formed around the foundation, within whose limits the mechanical strength of the ground increases and the deformability characteristics decrease. Due to the reduction of the ground deformability, the foundations realized in punched holes can transmit vertical and horizontal loadings in the conditions of small size foundations. Finaly, the paper presents the advantages of using foundations realized in punched holes on soils with lower bearing capacity, for lighter building, including in the agricultural field (temporary storage halls, shelters for agricultural machinery, etc.).
more abstractfoundations; punched holes; bearing capacity; hemispherical; soil
Presentation: oral
DownloadPOLLUTION WITH SEDIMENTARY POWDERS IN CRISUL REPEDE DRAINAGE AREA pag. 718-722
Ana Cornelia Moza, Nandor KötelesThe dust, although not toxic, irritates human respiratory apparatus, is harmful for vegetation it penetrates into people’ homes, etc. As regards meteorological effects, one mentions the following: it reduces the solar radiation’s intensity, it is an incentive factor for mist formation, it alters the thermal regime, and thus it can put its mark on the surface climate of a region. As regards local physical and geographical conditions, we mention that the monitored area has the advantage to be at lower altitudes, with a large opening towards west, which favours a free circulation of air masses which purify the air against the unpleasant effects of dust and industrial smoke. In order to analyse the sedimentary powders in the Crisul Repede drainage area we employed the data provided by the branches of Cluj and Bihor counties of Environment Protection Agency. Both at Bihor County and at Cluj County level, monitoring activities on sedimentary powders are performed on a monthly sampling basis. Thus, the sedimentary powders are being sampled on a low flow regime in 14 sampling and checking points, divided in three areas at the level of Bihor County and one point at the level of Huedin city, with a monthly sampling, as following: 1 st area (county north-west area): Tarian, Biharia, Salard, Episcopia Bihor; 2 nd area: Baile 1 Mai (1 Mai Spa), Oradea meteorological station, Environment Protection Agency Oradea; 3 rd area: Telechiu, Chistag, Pestera, Alesd, Astileu, Subpiatra, Tetchea Huedin area. We have analysed the samples of powders at the level of three monitoring points in Bihor county deposited for a 15years’ time span, from 1994 to 2008 respectively, and for the Huedin area for a 5 years’ time span, from, 2004 to 2008 respectively. The collected samples were covered all the months of the year. In order to carry out this research we have used a series of research methods, out of which we mention following: analysis method, deduction method, induction method, comparative method, mathematics-statistics method and graphs and interpolation method. The sanitary standard for sedimentary powders is of 17 g/m 2 /month and it was outrun only at Huedin sampling point. The high values recorded in this area are due to the fact that Huedin does not have a traffic belt highway for heavy traffic which is guided directly to downtown where the monitoring point is located, as well as due to the Bologa and Poieni neighbourhoods.
more abstractpowder; maximum rated value; monitoring points
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE AEOLIAN REGIME WITHIN CRISUL REPEDE DRAINAGE AREA pag. 723-730
Ana Cornelia Moza, Nandor KötelesIn order to highlight the wind characteristics in Crisul Repede drainage area we used the data collected between 1970 – 2008 from the 5 meteorological stations within Crisul Repede drainage area, namely: Oradea meteorological station (136m), Sacueni meteorological station (125m), Borod meteorological station (333m), Huedin meteorological station (560m), and Stana de Vale meteorological station (1108m). In order to carry-out this research study we employed both a series of traditional research models as well as a series of modern means and models. The main methods used in the current research are the following: analysis method, deduction method, induction method, comparative and statistics-mathematics methods and graphs, and cartographical method. The comparative method highlights, through comparing the parameters of aeolian regime, the weather fluctuation withinCrisul Repede drainage area, the differences occurring function of the nature of active surface. The data collected from the database of National Meteorological Administration (ANM) were computed by means of statistics-mathematics. The outcome obtained through mathematics – statistics methods were subsequently translated into graphs in order to highlight clearly the wind unsteadiness (variations) in time. The aim of the current paper is to research the wind’ direction and speed in the within Crisul Repede drainage area. On soil proximity, wind presents short-term direction and speed fluctuations soil proximate surfaces; these are strongly dependent on the value of baric horizontal gradient, the local conditions, especially the orography, etc. The relief influences the wind features by fragmentation level, through summits or corridors’ orientation, by altitude, and mountain massifs expansion. The wind is channelled into Aeolian depression (hollows) channels thus leading to boosting wind speed and, at the same time, to changing its direction of displacement. The Crisul Repede Valley is East-West oriented, and thus it stimulates the wind air flows creation on this direction. In highlands, the dominant air flow directions are different as against the plains ones, and function of meteorological stations in the local relief, they can protected or in some sectors. In urban areas, the wind elements are influenced both by soil characteristics and urban constructions, by means of building heights, streets’ direction and largeness. The Aeolian data have a practical importance, as they are used in several fields of activity: weather forecasts, setting industrial building locations, city planning, air and maritime traffic, energy sector, agriculture, constructions, etc.
more abstractwind; speed; direction; calm air
Presentation: oral
DownloadCADMIUM AND LEAD SOIL POLLUTION IN COPSA MICA AREA IN RELATION WITH THE FOOD CHAIN pag. 731-734
Edward Muntean, Nicoleta Muntean, Tania MihăiescuHigh levels of heavy metals concentrations in soil can direct to plant contamination; soil contaminated by heavy metals may pose a threat to human health if these enter the food chain. Copsa Mica is one of the sites with the highest degree of heavy metal pollution in Romania, the whole area being well known on national and international level for the ecological lack of balance due to the a non-ferrous smelter plant which uses ecological hazardous technologies: Sometra. The aim of this study was to establish the soil contamination with lead and cadmium in the target area. As the local population produces, sells and consumes a great number of agricultural products, food chain analysis was performed in order to establish the levels of contamination with lead and cadmium. Samples were processed through microwave-assisted mineralization using a using a Berghoff Microwave Digestion System MWS-3+. Analyses were performed using atomic absorption technique with graphite furnace and flame atomization, with a Shimadzu AA-6300 AAS double-beam instrument. The obtained results demonstrated that the heavy metals content in Copsa Mica area significantly higher than the results obtained in an unpolluted reference area. For soil samples, the maximum lead concentrations were recorded in samples originating from Micasasa and Agarbiciu, while for cadmium, the maximum concentration was recorded for a sampling point from Copsa Mica, near the pollution source, being higher than the maximum allowed limits. For the other samples, the highest concentration of lead was recorded for snails originating in Copsa Mica, which accumulates also the highest level of cadmium, followed by grass (Seica, Bazna, Dumbraveni, Copsa Mica) and potatoes form Micasasa. For cadmium, the maximum concentration was that found in snails grown in Copsa Mica, followed by grass (Seica, Copsa Mica) and again snails (Capus). The obtained results showed that heavy metals contamination of soil in Copşa Mică area its surroundings is significant; the high heavy metal content in plants grown in the vicinity of the industrial site, as well as in different products for food purposes represents a severe risk for public health.
more abstractcadmium; lead; heavy metals; soil; pollution; food
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE TECHNICAL SOLUTION USED IN THE TERRITORIAL AGRARIAN FOND AMELIORATIVE PERIMETER FROM TIMIŞ COUNTY pag. 735-743
Iacob Nemeş, Laura Constantinescu, Luminiţa Livia BârlibaThis paper presents the technical solutions takes to the degraded area’s improvements from the Timiş County perimeter. These areas were formed into ameliorative perimeter in the agrarian found. The actual state of the agrarian lands is determinate by the vulnerability of their site, but also, by the management way, because of it isn’t assure the improvement solutions that are necessary and isn’t used the correctly agricultural systems or the culture technology that are properly. The negative influences that are caused by these facts, according with the risk natural factors, amplificatory negative processes generated. The degradation of the lands that are located into the low plain from Timiş County is determinate by the humidity excess. The multitude of the drainage systems solved this problem, but not completely. The flooding from 2005 affects a surface of hundreds or thousands kilometer. The agrarian lands lost their productive capacity because of their degraded or pollutions. All these areas were formed into the territorial agrarian fond ameliorative perimeter, where the land reclamation works is necessary. Another cause of the degradation processes is the grass land thickness that is lower, so the water stagnate tendency is higher. From these aspects, a soil levitation occurs and their humus contents decrease, also the degradation process increase. The period in which the constructive solutions proposed by the project constructor have been executed was not the proper formalities of lack of money and an auction formalities, coming as they are executed in the rainy season, late autumn, the work of sowing is generally compromised. In the ranges considered for the study, constructive solutions proposed by the designer were not always fully implemented, by waiver notes were executed some works to the detriment of others, as needs. The complexity and diversity of works carried out in these areas of improvement should help to increase production capacity of soils in the perimeter, but due to faulty operation of the works they do not achieve purpose (grazing immediately after rising).
more abstractperimeter improvement; surface drainage; drainage; land degradation; clogging
Presentation: oral
DownloadTECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ADOPTED FOR REHABILITATION S.P. 6 MOŞNIŢA, TIMIŞ COUNTY pag. 744-748
Iacob Nemeş, Adia Grozav, Luminiţa Livia BârlibaSP 6 Moşniţa pumping station is located within the village Moşniţa Nouă, and is situated about 1 km from Timisoara, near the county road DN 58 Timisoara - Buziaş. Moşniţa Nouă is located on county road linking Timisoara DJ592 Buziaş about 8 km from the center of Timisoara, but recently it almost adjacent to the limits, the partitions area between Moşniţa Nouă and the county in last years know a strong municipal development. Distance from other components places of the village is small, and Moşniţa Nouă is at the heart of the village territory, linked to other towns with village roads, with Moşniţa Veche 1,8 kilometers to the north, Urseni 3 km further south, Albina 3 km east and Rudicica at south-west. Urban development has led to the reduction of actual distance between places components from the nearest buildings Moşniţa Nouă and Veche with less than 250 m. Moşniţa pumping station, proposed for rehabilitation, works from 1978 year and serves an area of 6320 hectares of agricultural premises of the establishment of draining Moşniţa, and presents advanced physical and moral wear. The station was sized for a flow Qst. = 4,3 m3/s, a pumping height H = 3,6 mca and equipped with four electropumps with horizontal shaft type BRATEŞ 600 (Qp = 1,1 m3/s, Hp = 8,6 mca) driven by induction motors MIB 2315 M90-10 with P = 90 kW, and 590 rpm and annex relevant equipment (epuisment equipment, striking equipment). Electricity supply to pumping stations to do the post processing located in close proximity to 14 m from the building. Water discharge is via two metal pipes with D = 1000 mm which crossing irrigation channel CA1. Overflow pipes Dn = 1000 mm with manual valves, operate as discharge pipes for two electro pump. The pipes have a high degree of corrosion and clogging, causing inefficient operation of the pumps. Electricity supply to pumping stations to do the post processing located in close proximity to 14 m from the building. Water discharge is via two metal pipes with D = 1000 mm which crossing irrigation channel CA1. Overflow pipes Dn = 1000 mm with manual valves, operate as discharge pipes for two electro pump. The pipes have a high degree of corrosion and clogging, causing inefficient operation of the pumps.
more abstractpumping station; aspiration; discharge; draining; physical and moral wear
Presentation: oral
DownloadSOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 749-755
Manuela Dora Orboi, Adrian Băneş, Ioan Petroman, Mirela Monea, Ioana BălanThe paper analyses how the concept of sustainable development is defined, its principles and objectives, as well as the role and importance of the sociological dimension in creating a model of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development is the totality of socio-economic development forms and methods not only on the short or medium term, but also on the long term. The basis of these methods is the balance between the socio-economic systems and the elements of the natural capital. Sustainable development as a concept has materialized during decades, within the framework of thorough international scientific debates, and has assumed political potential through globalisation. The central principles behind sustainable development are equity and fairness among countries and generations, the long-term vision on the development process, systemic thinking and interconnection between economy, society and the environment. Sustainable development is linked with the concept of quality of life and pursues three objectives: economic welfare, social stability and environment protection. Any project should approach all three dimensions of sustainable development: environment, economy and society. The social dimension is concerned with social inclusion, demographic changes and public health. Environmental programmes will fail unless they set permanent human welfare as their objective. Underestimating the role of social factors in sustainable development will endanger the development programmes and projects. The medium and long-term fair assessment of human capital and the evolution tendencies are crucial for the realistic perspectives of a sustainable development model in all its fundamental components: economy, society-culture, and environment. In Romania, the demographic trends are worrying. On the long run, the trends are negative. According to estimations from national and international sources, and not taking into consideration external migration, however, admitting a significant increase in life expectancy at birth, Romania’s population could decrease from 21.4 million in 2008 to 21.2 million in 2013, 20.8 million in 2020, 19.6 million in 2035, and 16.9 million in 2060. The objectives of sustainable development for 2030 cannot leave out the effects of demographic evolution on the long and very long term. Sustainable development involves meeting the necessities of the current generations without compromising the capacity of the coming generations to satisfy their own needs. Sustainable development principles are time-driven and may lead to successful results of current environmental provisions, while serving the interests of human society.
more abstractsustainable development; quality of life; demographic trends
Presentation: oral
DownloadEVOLUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC PHENOMENA AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA pag. 756-763
Manuela Dora Orboi, Adrian Băneş, Cornelia Petroman, Alin Monea, Ioana BălanRomania’s population has decreased continuously. Among the multiple causes of this decrease are low birth rate, high death, and emigration. The paper provides details about the current population situation, the demographic evolution in Romania in development regions and macroregions and the factors with a strong impact on the country’s economic development. Romania’s population decreased from 22.41 million in 2001 to 21.53 million in 2007; population density has also decreased from 94.0 inhab/km 2 in 2001 to 90.3 inhab/km 2 in 2007. The number of urban inhabitants has also diminished from 12.24 million to 11.87 million in 2007; rural population diminished from 10.16 million to 9.65 million. In 2007, 214,728 births were registered, (the number of new-borns was with 100,018 smaller than in 1990); the number of deaths was 251,965 (4,879 deaths more than in 1990). The birth rate was 10.0 per 1,000 inhabitants, against 13.6‰ in 1990, while the death rate increased to 11.7‰ from 10.6‰ in 1990. The economic conditions in general and the precarious medical services in particular, especially in rural areas, may have lead to the low birth rate. The main factors causing the low birth rate are of economic and social nature. The employment structure of the population has changed significantly. As a result, territorial and professional mobility and longer training periods have characterized the young population. The income problem, the situation on the labour market, the difficulty in finding a place to live are obstacles that many young families find hard to overcome. The population decrease is caused chiefly by the negative natural growth (-1.7/1,000 inhab in 2007, against +3.00 in 1990). The negative natural growth is the result of the high death rate, low birth rate and domestic and international migration to other areas of the country or abroad. The estimations of the main demographic phenomena provide useful information about the future evolution of the number of inhabitants and age structure. The demographic effects will be seen in time and will bring about changes in subpopulations (school children, fertile population, employable population); they will be felt after 2005, when the employable population includes the numerically reduced generations born after 1990. Within the framework of sustainable development, the medium and long-term objectives of the national strategies and programmes and the regional and district projects must be set in accordance with the demographic prognosis.
more abstractstructure of population; natural population movement; development regions
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE REHABILITATION OF THE RAILWAY LINE FROM THE HUNGARIAN BORDER TO SIMERIA pag. 764-771
Carmen Aurelia Peptan, Luminiţa Livia Bârliba, Cristina Otilia Voicu, Anişoara IenciuThe railway line from Hungarian border to Simeria is the busiest railway route of the CFR national Company network because the most important freight and passenger traffic both national and international runs on it. But to make this railway line to comply with the international demands as required by the norms and by the parameters of the railway traffic along the Pan – European Corridor IV, it is necessary to rehabilitate the line. The studied railway section, being part of Corridor IV (from Germany to the Black sea), could also constitute an important link towards Caucasian and Central Asia countries. The scope of the study is to improve the existing technical conditions of the railway line, the quality of the railway construction and installations that make possible the trains to run with a speed equal to 160 km/h (passenger trains) and 120 km/h (freight trains). To this aim, all the natural and current geometrical constraints were analysed, in order to propose the best mix of upgrading works to be evaluated under the points of view of the financial and economic analyses. Particular attention was given to the horizontal curve radius in order to propose their increasing were possible, limiting as much as possible impacts on the existing urban settlements and roads or installation, and limiting stations removals or adaptation. Currently, line minimum curve shows radius of 350/400 m, while, line speed of 160 km/h requires a minimum radius of 1500 m. Four alternative rehabilitation investments have been identified, through the adequate combination of different compliance with AGC/AGTC standards. Studied solutions both envisage high changes compliant with minimum radius of 1500 m and low changes compliant with radius of 800 m (corresponding to 120 km/h speed). Basically the rehabilitation of this railway line will also mark a step ahead in bringing the quality of the railway network and the quality of the traffic nearer the western European standard.
more abstractrailway line; geometrical constraints; curve radius
Presentation: oral
DownloadMEASURES OF PROTECTION AND CONSOLIDATION OF RAILWAY SLOPES DURING OPERATION PERIOD FOR A REHABILITATED RAILWAY LINE STRETCH pag. 772-778
Carmen Aurelia Peptan, Luminiţa Livia Bârliba, Monica Mirea, Anişoara IenciuThe objective of the present study is that to mitigate the foresee impacts from the railway line rehabilitation works. At the same time the mitigations measures have the aim to environmental rehabilitation, in the operation phase, with the objective to the global environmental rehabilitation of the interested areas of the Banat Plan, Mureş Valley and Deva Depression which intersects with the railway line Curtici-Simeria. According to the capital estimate of mitigations measures to the environmental impact, the investment in the environmental protection of the rehabilitation and upgrade project is primarily defined in about 3% of the total investment. Among the mitigation measures, we mention: slopes stabilization, drainage and erosion control, protection drainage (gabions); bio – engineering techniques; re–vegetation (workers, planting stock, transport of planting material); installation of noise barriers and installations of traffic signs and road bumps. The recommended mitigation measures that should be adopted to avoid or minimize potential adverse impacts consist essentially of prescriptions for the construction period or rather project solutions or technical-realizations with the purpose of foreseeing the possible rising up of impacts in the territory. Therefore it should tried: to contain the impact on the settlement keeping the layout of the project as further as possible from the houses/residential area and, where this wasn’t possible, adopting technical solutions; to respect the areas of environmental special interest as the Mureş valley ecosystem and the building nucleus of architectonical interest; to reduce the interruption of the agricultural continuum restoring the accessibility conditions of the local connections network and to maintain the continuity of the water network neither of main level nor of the secondary one. It has been underlined two categories of the project: the one of mitigation measures and the one of optimization of the project on the contents at the outline. The mitigation measures are finalized to pursue the elimination/control of the potential interferences gathered during the environmental analysis that had taken into consideration all the elements involved. The second category of activities carries out a double function: integrate the project infrastructure and the interventions of mitigation defined (for example the one of acoustic barriers) among the operation context. In the definition of these works, the landscape planning covers an extreme important role.
more abstractrailway line; mitigation measures; consolidation system
Presentation: oral
DownloadUSING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS AT EUROPEAN LEVEL pag. 779-785
Alexandra Popa, Eva KoncsagThe continuous increasing quality of life of people held the numerous technological applications. But it emphasized the use of technological applications led implicitly to increase energy consumption and thus to uncontrolled environmental pollution, the adverse effects and unpredictable at the beginning. All these effects should be emphasized by using certain indicators, called sustainable development indicators, SDI. New and modern systems of monitoring and integrated assessment of regional sustainable development have a great strategic importance to Europe and the world, about the preservation and improvement of environment, and regional and global sustainable development. A basic component of such monitoring systems and evaluation of regional sustainable development is represented by sustainable development indicators, which contribute to understanding and modeling complex real systems. This work is to present concerns sustained in recent years in developing and using the corresponding sustainable development indicators SDI, in order to allow emphasize, quantifying and assessing the quality of sustainable development. Sustainable development indicators SDI deliver important information on the degree of achievement of objectives of sustainable development and the success of the strategies and measures introduced to achieve a sustainable development. Sustainable development indicators cover three basis areas, so they include indicators for the three main parts: indicators for the field „Environment/Ecology”, indicators for the field „Economic/Technical” and indicators for the field „society”. The idea of sustainable development has emerged as a possible solution to the complicated situation created by humanity, first desire for increasing living standards, on the other hand the destruction of the environment. This concept took shape as a possibility to resolve these problems, starting to be circulated to national environmental policies, especially after 1992. To address these systemic issues is passed first at the current situation analysis of national and European existing level on the monitoring and evaluation of regional sustainable development. This analysis shall be performed successfully using sustainable development indicators system, which began to be used internationally. These indicators began to be used successfully, although a number of issues arise concerning the collection of necessary data. There are special difficulties for the social field, whether in the field of technical-economic and environmental hardships arise because of the large number of data to be collected.
more abstractEuropean and national sustainable development; sustainable development indicators SDI; technical-economical indicators; environmental indicators; social indicators;
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ANALYSIS OF THE VECTOR SYSTEM OF THE CADASTRAL MAPS FOR THE CREATION OF A GIS PROJECT pag. 786-792
Cosmin Popescu, Pier Paolo Balbo, Adrian Şmuleac, Valeria Ciolac, Mihai Valentin HerbeiThe output of a remote sensing system is usually an image representing the scene being observed. A further necessary step of image analysis and interpretation is required in order to extract useful information for the GIS from the image. Remote sensing is technology of acquiring information about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact with them. The value of a GIS is directly related to the quality and currency of its internal data. Remote sensing offers a suite of tools for quickly creating current, consistent datasets for input to a GIS. We can say that remote sensing is a young branch of terrestrial measurements. In the past years, remote sensing has made great progress, given that the first remote studying and recording methods were mentioned four or five decades ago. The research work on the land surface performed in air and outer space with remote sensing methods provides most valuable information for various fields of activity such as agriculture, silviculture, geology, pedology, hydrology, cartography, natural resource prospection and valuation, environment (soil, water and air) monitorisation etc. The chief objective of the thesis is to create the methodological framework for the use of satellite data in creating a GIS of soil, farmland and cadastre resources for a better management of agricultural, cadastre and pedological activities. Of special value are the results obtained by the recording, transmitting, processing and interpreting of remote sensing data. They provide new ways of investigation in terrestrial measurements and other fields as well. Remote sensing and GIS allows permanent direct access to pedologic and agriculture information at different times, without altering the state of the surface.
more abstractGIS; remote sensing; vectorisation
Presentation: oral
DownloadA STUDY ON THE GEOREFERENCE OF THE CADASTRAL MAP FOR THE INVENTORY OF ENVIRONMENT RESOURCES pag. 793-797
Cosmin Popescu, Silvica Oncia, Adrian Şmuleac, Florin Sala, Mihai Valentin HerbeiThe types of photographs and images that can be processed, georeferenced include satellite, aerial, terrestrial, close-range, and oblique. The use of the satellite-acquired data for environment resource study is part of an interdisciplinary field in which soil science is combined with remote sensing and information technology. Panchromatic satellite image, 1:50.000 scale cadastre map, 1:25.000 scale cadastre map, 1:10.000 cadastre plan; the cadastre situation in the studied area necessary to create a database; pedologic data from the researched area and climate data from the researched area; specialised software for working with image files or image viewing: Autodesk Map 5, WinGis, Erdas Imagine 8.3.1., ACDSee 5, Volo View Express. The system can be applied in the agricultural decision-making process and environment resource management. Single frame orthorectification techniques orthorectify one image at a time using a technique known as space resection. In this respect, a minimum of three GCPs is required for each image. However, precision application like those for plots, must be used with great care. The main difficulty at the national level is the lack of a numerical field pattern of a resolution compatible with the satellite images and a team of experts in correcting the atmospheric effects on satellite data. The integration of an archive on paper in an intelligent modelling system requires the conversion of the raster format in a vector – vectorization. Regarding the precision in delimiting the soil units for drawing soil or erosion maps, an accurate topographic base (topographic maps and cadastre plans) and airborne photograms or satellite images are required. The vectorization process is the best solution the CAD/GIS users need for a conversion to a smart database.
more abstractgeoreference; GCP (ground control points)
Presentation: oral
DownloadCONSIDERATIONS ON THE CERNISOILS FROM THE CENTRAL EASTERN PART OF THE SOUTHERN BĂRĂGAN pag. 798-803
Marius PopescuThe last few decades have shown a reorientation of the geographical research towards the complex study of the geographical landscape. During the years the natural surfaces got smaller and smaller (they were replaced by agricultural or artificial surfaces) and the vegetation suffered major transformations from the structure and composition point of view. The purpose of this paper is the elaboration, with Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, according to CORINE methodology, of the landscape spatial distribution map of Southern Bărăgan Field. The area of study, the Southern Bărăgan Field, is located in South-Eastern part of Romanian Plain, between Ialomiţa river to North, Mostiştea river to West, Borcea Branch and Danube to East and South. The relief is represented by a tabular plain, “bărăgan” type, with temperate continental climate, fertile soils as chernozems, and herbaceous vegetation associations. The inventory of the landscapes of the Southern Bărăgan Field was based on CORINE Land Cover (CLC) method presented in the “Addendum 2000”) by the European Environment Agency (EPA). As a basis for analyzing landscapes we used some of the parameters derived from Digital Elevation Model of Terrain (DEMT) and the soil map. The DEMT has been obtained from 1:25,000 scale topographic map, through the following steps: - scanning and georeferencing the topographical map; - digitizing the scanned maps; - interpolation of sampling points with the help of the Topo to Raster functions from the ArcGIS 9.2. By analyzing the way land is used in the Southern Bărăgan Field, we identified the following types of landscapes: artificial surfaces, arable land, permanent crops, grass-land, heterogenous agricultural areas, forests, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation associations, wetlands and sandy areas. The report between anthropogenic landscapes and natural landscapes in the Southern Bărăgan Field tilts in favour of the first one. Correlating this map with the morphometric parameters and the pedological characteristics we emphasize the major features of the anthropogenic landscapes and the transformation suffered by the natural vegetation.
more abstractcernisoil; loess; Southern Bărăgan
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS CONCERNING THE WATER REQUIREMENT IN VINEYARD AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS FROM SEMI-ARID AREAS FROM ROMANIA pag. 804-809
Marius Popescu, Aurora Ranca, Zoia Prefac, George Marius CracuIn Constanta county there are many touristic attractions such as cultural, historical, religious, seaside resorts, nature preserves which can be added traditional occupations such as viticulture. The purpose of this paper is to identify touristic routes which are capitalized as sightseeing in the rural space and wine products. In combination of these attractions may result „the wine routes”, such as: Murfatlar – Cobadin – Adamclisi – Ion Corvin – Băneasa – Ostrov, Cernavodă – Cochirleni – Ion Corvin – Oltina and Constanţa – Murfatlar – Cernavodă. Information on agro-touristic potential by wine profile of Dobroudja have been obtained and by applying a questionnaire, in several villages in the Constanta county, as Adamclisi, Castelu, Chirnogeni, Cochirleni, Cogealac, Ion Corvin, Oltina, Ostrov, Topraisar or Valea Dacilor. The main elements of the questionnaire relate to: - the presentation of the locality, focusing on identifying existing a touristic potential natural or cultural; - existing infrastructure for tourism; - facilities for patent approval and licensing specialists in enotourism and equipment enotouristic; - recreational, sports or cultural tourism activities; - opportunities of organization and practice of enotourism. Following tabulation of the questionnaire is found in most conditions that are currently not licensing and patent enotouristic, but there is availability. Although apparently, the landscape of Dobroudja, appears monotonous, in Dobroudja are many natural resources and anthropogenic attractions that can be utilized for tourism. The residents, small businesses and representatives of city halls in the villages where the questionnaire was applied are interested in the organization of enotouristic points and the creation of associations to promote Romanian wine products in a "wine route" for tourists who came on the Romanian seaside. Location enotouristic points for wine tasting and demonstrations of traditional techniques for harvesting of grapes and wine production process, local cuisine along with other touristic attractions are resources that can contribute to develop of durable tourism in rural space and an alternative to season tourism of Constanta county.
more abstractvineyards cultures; water requirement; semi-arid areas
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE LINK YIELD LOSSES, CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON A PRELUVOSOIL, POLLUTED UNDER CONTROL WITH OIL pag. 810-816
Nicu Cornel Sabău, Maria Şandor, Cornel Domuţa, Radu Brejea, Cristian DomuţaThe paper presents the results of the researches carried out at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, Bihor county, between 1993 and 2002, regarding agricultural yield from a preluvosoil polluted under control with oil brought from the exploitation site at Suplacu de Barcău, Bihor county. The experimental device was made out of micro parcels of 1 m², set up in a randomized manner, in a Latin square, polluted with concentrations of: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 % (0, 3, 9, 15, and 30 l/m²), oil in the ploughed layer, in 4 repetitions. The experience was cultivated in the first three years with millet, a plant which is considered to be resistant to pollution, and than until 2002 with spring wheat. The analysis of the yield losses from the parcels polluted with oil in various concentrations, have shown that these decreases in time, without any sort of agropedomeliorative measures. Starting from this observation this paper is commited to evaluating the influence of the climate factors, rainfall and temperatures, on the biodegradation process, through the accomplished yield losses of millet and wheat, in the research period. The climate conditions characterized by annual rainfall (661,2 mm) and temperature (11,0 ºC) show that the 10 year period studied had with 26,2 mm more rainfall than the annual average and was warmer with 0,5 ˚C. The yield losses (%) of the variants polluted under control with oil residue have, in time, a decreasing tendency, demonstrating a biodegradation of pollutant and a decrease of the effect pollution has on yield. By analyzing the correlations between the millet yield losses in the first 3 years of research and the spring wheat yield losses registered in the last 7 years and respectively the climate factors (rainfall and air temperature) registered in the vegetation period, very significant square, polynomial correlations were established for each oil concentration. The 3D representation of this presents for each concentration a maximum value of yield losses at different values of rainfall and air temperature. For the variants with high pollutant concentration (3, 5 and 10 %) maximum positive differences of yields are obtained for maximum rainfall sum (600 mm) and maximum air temperature (17,5 ºC), the moderate humidity and high temperatures stimulate the activity of the microorganisms responsible for soil oil degradation.
more abstractoil pollution; preluvosoil; biodegradation
Presentation: oral
DownloadECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM ANIMALS WASTE IN LIVESTOCK FARMS IN ALBANIA pag. 817-824
Enkeleda Sallaku, Valdete Vorpsi, Etleva Jojiç, Fatbardh SallakuThe introduction of biofuels, and its supply chain, is seen as a possible solution contributing to the establishment of a more secure and stable energy supply and the development of rural agricultural while enabling Albania meet its international commitments on greenhouse gas emissions, clean air, combating desertification, etc. Nowadays trend of agricultural farms in Albania is increasing of their size, numbers of animals and agricultural livestock production. Utilization of organic waste from animals and crop residue have stimulate the Albanians farmers’ interest not only for potentially increasing organic fertilizer use efficiency, but also for biogas production. On farm biogas production facilities typically utilize manure as the main substrate, but other materials as crop residue can be added to increase biogas production. Biogas production secure positive impact in utilization of energy from Albanian farmer families. Depending on the type of energy production the biogas would normally utilized to produce renewable electricity or heat. The biogas process also generates other environmental benefits as is reducing of potential risk from environmental pollution (soil, water, air), so creating organic farm. Developing the biodiesel production chain could alleviate the main environmental and socio-economic problems in Albania today, that is, heavy dependence on imported oil, air pollution, land depletation, high unemployment rate and the poverty. It will also help Albania in their harmonization process to joining the EU (2003/30/EC Directive) and support the government’s commitments and policies towards energy security, rural development, employment creation, socio-economic development, stability and mitigating global warming. In this study there are analyzed three typical livestock farms, located in three different geographical and climacteric areas in Albania. {north, (Shkodra district), west (Fieri district) and south-east (Korca district). This paper aims to investigate the value chain of biodiesel production and balance feedstock supplies, processing technology, and market penetration in an integrated system in Albania.
more abstractbiogas; livestock; organic waste
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ROLE OF LAND CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES IN THE SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ALBANIA pag. 825-832
Fatbardh Sallaku, Etleva Jojiç, Odeta Tota, Shkelqim FortuziThere is growing inequality between rural and urban areas in Albania. This situation occurs for many reasons and efforts to enhance the quality of rural life must include improvements to agricultural production, employment, infrastructure, environment and housing. The success of projects to improve rural areas will depend to a large extent on how they address the great number of small and fragmented farms. This paper focuses on the importance of including land consolidation as an instrument of rural development in Albania. In the Albania of today land fragmentation remains one of the most significant constraints which impede the development of rural areas in Albania with the agriculture sector most affected. The shift from centrally-planned to a market-oriented economy has profound implications for the prevailing social and economic system and the development of a democratic society in Albania. In broader context, rural development is critical for reducing global poverty and hunger. Extreme poverty is an essential rural phenomenon and, even with growing urbanization, poverty and hunger are expected to remain a prominent feature of rural areas. Land administration systems in terms of recording rights and delineate and demarcate relevant individual and/or communal boundaries represent a vital instrument to secure land tenure regimes and property rights in Albania. Improved access to land strengthens the social and economic position of rural and urban dwellers, enhances the sustainable management of natural resources (e.g. soil, land) and leads to increased food security and alleviation of rural poverty. Consequently the formulation of an appropriate land administration policy has a crucial influence on the socioeconomic development in Albanian society. This is specifically important not only in transition but also in some developing countries where the implementation of land administration systems has largely failed to untie the wealth in land due to a variety of reasons. The main objective of the proposed paper is to identify (1) the relationship between land reforms and land tenure in the fragmentarization process and (2) the consolidation activities in Albania during last three years, and (3) their role on the sustainable rural development.
more abstractland consolidation; land administration; rural development
Presentation: oral
DownloadECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION ON FAMILY FARMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA pag. 833-837
Saša Todorović, Nikola Filipović, Mihajlo MunćanSerbian agricultural producers are currently facing with a large number of challenges which have significant influence on their business. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of existing family farms business activities is the only way to improve their profitability and enhancing competitiveness in such conditions. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this research is to emphasize an importance of the economic analysis of sunflower production on family farms and to contribute successfully to the formulation of the answers on questions is the sunflower production profitable and under what conditions. In order to have complete insight into investigated problem subject, investigations were carried out on selected family farms of the Republic of Serbia. Collected data were processed using calculation procedure for the purpose of determination of main economical indicators of the success of sunflower production. Based on realized financial results it can be concluded that with the selling price of 185 EUR t-1, only family farms which have achieved yield of over 3.71 t ha-1 with adequate level of investments are profitable. Since realized average yield of sunflower on family farms in Republic of Serbia in this year was 2.03 t ha-1 and level of investment necessary for realization of this yield, it is clear that majority of family farms have had loss in sunflower production. The results of this study suggest that the economic status of the sunflower production depends of the yield and achieved sales price, as well as of the amount of applied production factors and price level for their acquisition.
more abstracteconomic analysis; profitability; sunflower; family farms
Presentation: oral
DownloadTOPOGRAPHIC AND LAND SURVEY MEASUREMENTS AT THE DIDACTIC EXPERIMENTAL STATION FARM NO 5 TIMISOARA pag. 838-843
Adrian Şmuleac, Cosmin Popescu, Valeria Ciolac, Mihai Valentin HerbeiThe topographic operations for this paper were performed at Farm No 5 of the Didactic Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara. The Leica TPC 805 Total Station was used for the topographic and land survey measurements, and the data were downloaded with LEICA Geo Office Tools special software. Class V points within the university were used for the measurements. These points were determined with a planimetric traverse, starting from station point A1, where a retrosection was applied, to station point A7, where a resection method was applied to close the traverse. A planimetric traverse was performed to make the support network denser at station points A1 and A8, from which a resection method was applied to close the traverse. The total station is an optical device used for topographic measurements. It is a combination of the classic theodolite and an electronic instrument for measuring distances. The total station can include a small computer that provides storage capacity and makes precise calculations. The following plans were executed after the measurements were taken: site plan 1:500; plot plan 1:1000; development site plan 1:10000. Generally, a geodesic network has at least two old (already coordinated) points that in the first stage help determine the coordinates of the “new” points with the help of a certain method. A direct link is created between the older points through horizontal angular observations. Distances and orientation must also be determined between these points. These elements will be used in the compensation calculations. For this reason, their determination must be very precise. The calculations of the geo-topographic support networks were done with the TOTAL 2.0 software. The (temporary) coordinates of the points to be determined are done automatically. The compensation of the support network is done with the least squares method, the indirect measurement method. The software creates a DFX file that can be used with the AutoCAD package at a later time. TOTAL 2.0 calculates and, where necessary, compensates any combination of direction and distance measurements, from the easiest (cancellation of registration, multiple intersection, multiple resection) to the most complex ones (various traverses, polygonometric networks, triangulation).
more abstracttopographic operation; Farm No 5; retrospection; total station
Presentation: oral
DownloadELEVATION SURVEYS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CLOGGED AREAS ON A SECTION OF THE NERA RIVER pag. 844-849
Adrian Şmuleac, Silvica Oncia, Cosmin Popescu, Laura I. ŞmuleacThe topographic elevations for this paper were done within the ballast operations area at Naidas. The area is located along the Nera River, in Caras-Severin County. The topographic and land survey measurements were taken with the Leica TPC 805 Total Station, and the data were downloaded with the LEICA Geo Office Tools software. The total station is an optical device used for topographic measurements. It is a combination of the classic theodolite and an electronic instrument for measuring distances. The total station can include a small computer that provides storage capacity and makes precise calculations. The measurements were taken along the Nera River, on 350 metres, downstream Naidas and upstream from the bridge on DN57 that crosses the river. After field reconnaissance and the identification of the operations area, a planimetric traverse and detailed elevation was performed. The operations area covers 25,335m 2 . The coordinates were determined in Stereo ’70 system, and the elevation system was sent from the rod on the bridge pier. The “0” elevation on the rod is considered the 107.27 m elevation - the Baltic Sea. The data typed into the computer were processed with special software applications. The calculations of the geo-topographic support networks were done with the TOTAL 2.0 software. The (temporary) coordinates of the points to be determined are done automatically. The compensation of the support network is done with the least squares method, the indirect measurement method. The software creates a DFX file that can be used with the AutoCAD package at a later time. TOTAL 2.0 calculates and, where necessary, compensates any combination of direction and distance measurements, from the easiest (cancellation of registration, multiple intersection, multiple resection) to the most complex ones (various traverses, polygonometric networks, triangulation).
more abstracttopographic elevation; ballast operations area; total station; temporary coordinates
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATIONS USING THE METHOD OF THE PERCENTUAL DEVIATION OF RAINFALL QUANTITY OF CIBIN HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN pag. 850-856
Simona SpânuCibin Basin has, in the 2237 km2 on which it stretches, a level difference of over 1700 m between its spring (the glacial circle in the Cindrel Mountains where Iezerul Mare and Iezerul Mic are situated) and its mouth (Sadu-Hârtibaciu-Cibin-Olt confluence area).The altitude plays a determinant role in the precipitations regime. Besides, the configuration of the relief also leaves its mark upon the moving air masses, determining the formation of types of precipitations. The analysis of the long data ranges offers an ensemble image regarding the succession of periods with pluviometric surplus and deficit for Cibin hydrographic basin. This approach allows the identification of a possible cyclicity of the episodes with flooings and droughts. The analysis of the annual regime of precipitations in Cibin hydrographic basin for the interval 1961-2005 and that of the frequency with which precipitations have been registered on different risk classes denote that in Sibiu only a low risk of surplus and deficit is manifested, in Agnita the extreme values with medium and major risk are of deficitary nature, and in Păltiniş the extremes of medium and major risk are characteristic to the surplus quantities. The quantity of precipitations fallen in the area of Cibin hydrographic basin has been grouped according to deviation classes (one normal class and five classes for each of the quantities that are higher and lower than the normal) and to pluviometric domains (where there have been gathered the values of all the classes with positive and negative deviations, comparing them to the normal domain). The characterization of the effects produced by long-term rains, as well as rain showers, was done from the point of view of the risk they induce in the natural and antropic environment. Of interest for this analysis are the precipitations that fall during the vegetation period and which affect the crops. The analysis of the annual regime of precipitations in Cibin hydrographic basin for the interval 1961-2005 and that of the frequency with which precipitations have been registered on different risk classes denote that in Sibiu only a low risk of surplus and deficit is manifested, in Agnita the extreme values with medium and major risk are of deficitary nature, and in Păltiniş the extremes of medium and major risk are characteristic to the surplus quantities. The quantity of precipitations fallen in the area of Cibin hydrographic basin has been grouped according to deviation classes (one normal class and five classes for each of the quantities that are higher and lower than the normal) and to pluviometric domains (where there have been gathered the values of all the classes with positive and negative deviations, comparing them to the normal domain). Then there have been established groups of pluviometric risk through surplus and deficit, to these being added the group with no pluviometric risk. The frequency of the years with pluviometric risk through surplus is low in the depression and plateau area, but it is worth mentioning that in the mountains the risk through surplus reaches 20%, and the one through deficit 15,6%. The risk through surplus signalled in the mountain region also spreads in the rest of the area, especially in Sibiu Depression, generating hydrologic risk.
more abstractprecipitations; percentual deviation of rainfall quantity; pluviometrical risk
Presentation: oral
DownloadTHE VULNERABILITY OF THE CIBIN HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN FOR PRECIPITATIONS SURPLUS AND DEFICIT pag. 857-861
Simona Spânu, Iuliana AntonieThis paper aims first of all to analyse the periods with precipitations surplus and deficit in Cibin hydrographic basin, in a causal liaison with the synoptic situations that generate floodings or droughts, but also the effect they have on the geographic environment. The periods with precipitations surplus represent a risk that usually has a local prevalence, unlike the periods with precipitations deficit, where the areal spread is large, and the onset and evolution are slow. The perception in the case of periods with pluviometric surplus is that of a major hydrological risk, because of the violent and progressive way of manifestation, while droughts are perceived as being less dangerous phenomena. Precipitations are the main natural source of water supply in Cibin hydrographic basin. The complexity of the factors that determine the regime of precipitations imprints the studied area with special climatic characteristics that have an impact on the geographic landscape. The analysis of the annual regime of precipitations in Cibin hydrographic basin for the interval 1961-2009 and that of the frequency with which precipitations have been registered on different risk classes denote that in Sibiu only a low risk of surplus and deficit is manifested, in Agnita the extreme values with medium and major risk are of deficitary nature, and in Păltiniş the extremes of medium and major risk are characteristic to the surplus quantities. The quantity of precipitations fallen in the area of Cibin hydrographic basin has been grouped according to deviation classes (one normal class and five classes for each of the quantities that are higher and lower than the normal) and to pluviometric domains (where there have been gathered the values of all the classes with positive and negative deviations, comparing them to the normal domain). Then there have been established groups of pluviometric risk through surplus and deficit, to these being added the group with no pluviometric risk. The ensemble and unitary analysis highlights the relations that are being realized between precipitations and the other components of the geographic environment and underlines the local hallmark of Cibin hydrographic basin. The major imbalances that are being generated on the environment by the excess of precipitations or, on the contrary, by the lack of precipitations, justify the interest of climatologists for these phenomena. This analysis has in view both the direct, determinant effect of precipitations on the components of the geographic environment, and the indirect effect, favouring or limitative, induced by precipitations.
more abstractvulnerability for precipitations; precipitation surplus and deficit pluviometric risk
Presentation: oral
DownloadMODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING LANDSLIDE pag. 862-869
Cătălina Bianca Stoian (Amza), Anca Maria Moscovici, Ioan StoianThe project will provide a technical solution for assessment of environmental parameters needed in landslide risk management using advanced technologies that will allow: acquisition of data concerning the underground water level (sensors installed inside caissons),specific environmental parameters, data regarding relative displacement of fitted terrestrial bench-marks (sensors for relative displacement ) ; transmission of field data through wireless communication to a risk management center; modeling and simulation for natural disasters risk assessment; control and observation of risk factors regarding landslides, based on an advanced decision-support system using GIS technologies and business intelligence; complex analysis of historic data and meteo and seismic forecasts, in order to identify the evolution trend (during given time periods) and foresee the risk of landslide and also to - identify on a map critical areas; automatic reporting about parameters evolution due to increased alarm/emergency quota; interactive facilities for creating alarming strategies (actions, tasks, priorities) and generating emergency plans; automatic alerting via Internet according to an emergency plan; presenting information (text, maps) to action group members both on fixed (PC) and mobile devices (PDA, mobile phone). Natural disasters, also known as hazards, cause huge damages every year, directly affecting the social and economical development and also taking away human lives. Hazard means the probability of a human/environment harmful phenomenon to occur during a certain period of time. Vulnerability indicates the level of damage caused by a certain phenomenon to humans and their assets. Risk means the probability of the humans and of their assets to be harmed by a phenomenon of a certain size. The elements on risk are the population, the properties, communications, economical objectives in an area. The global cost of natural disasters has grown over 800% in the last four decades being connected to an increasing vulnerability of the population living in high risk areas. Landslides are disasters that destroy villages and towns, damage roads, railways, farm fields and have negative effects on every person that lives in the affected area and generally on society. The causes of these hazards are climate changes, seismic activity, but also incontrollable human activities like abusive land deforestation (not followed by coherent financially supported reforestation strategies). Environment protection problems focus on identifying the causes of natural disasters, preventing possible damages, globaly approaching the effects on short/long term socio-economical development.
more abstractlandslide; risk; natural disasters
Presentation: oral
DownloadUSING GIS TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN AREAS IN THE CONTEXT OF DURABLE DEVELOPMENT pag. 870-879
Mihaela Sturza, Viorica DavidThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of using GIS technologies in most urban activities. The need for information is so great that urban areas can be considered at the same time not only as big consumers but also as big producers of territorial information. At the present stage, obtaining information about a territorial unit considered above, on and below the land surface has become a major requirement for organizations of planning and forecasting in all economy sectors. Data collecting and processing as well as storage of information are made in the so-called territorial information systems, each of them covering part of the territorial information. These systems are essentially similar to urban activities related to territory. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a technique increasingly used in the contemporary world, both in theoretical research and in many practical activities. Currently, the main GIS applications are used in local administrations, in utilities concerning water, gas or electricity and in postal and telecommunication services. Many GIS technologies have played an important role in the private sector in areas such as marketing, retail industry, transport, real estate, property development. The large volume of information contained in the plans and documentation existing at local administration offices, the damage caused by time and the difficult handling, the problems of interpretation and analysis, determine public institutions to allocate substantial financial resources for executing the applications in an Urban Geographic Information System. The performance limits of an Urban Information System are only of human and financial nature. Achieving such a system would reduce the time of analysis and would allow multiple users access a larger volume of information. The originality of the work is the authors' vision on the realization and implementation of a project of this scale. Approaching an issue which refers to the use of GIS technology in urban areas is important both for the variety of information, based on different types of data and the fact that it offers advanced instruments for various analyses.
more abstractUrban Geographic Information System; urban areas; information
Presentation: oral
DownloadPEDOLOGICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF DEGRADED LANDS FOR THEIR RECOVERY THROUGH VINEYARDS, ORCHARDS AND FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS pag. 880-887
Dorin Ţărău, Silvica Oncia, Irina ŢărăuThe paper presents some aspects concerning the land quality in Banat. The addressed issues is relating to an area of 17216641 ha of which 1098520 ha of agricultural land, belonging to the Timiş and Caraş-Severin countys. The examination of ecopedological conditions, were setting in order and processing dates were made according to „ The Pedological Studies Elaboration Methodology “, (vol. I,II,III) of ICPA Bucharest, in 1987 and Romanian Taxonomic System of Soils (SRTS-2003). There are described, briefly, the physical and geographical conditions of the area and extensively the composition of soil cover, some restrictive land quality characteristics, characteristics that define them their vocation to some use. Studying the natural conditions (relief, lithology, hydrology, clime) and the antrophic ones it can be observed that the diversity of pedoclimatic conditions and the specific characteristics of the studied area have a great impact upon land resources and the way lands are used in general and in particular the agricultural ones (and also upon their actual and future productivity). Using the data obtained through out pedological studies and researches conducted by specialists from OSPA Timisoara and materialized in “Banat soils map”, updated in 1999 and 2003 with new pedological studies (carried out by O.S.P.A. Timişoara,) and also with data gathered from the agricultural and forest sites of the national monitoring system (organized by I.C.P.A. Bucharest), the following aspects regarding lands’ quality can be presented: - the identification of land vocation (pretability) in order to establish their most adequate way of use, - the identification of land favorability for different crops, - the identification of lands production capacity for different usings and crops when certain technologies are used, - defining lands depending on the amelioration and conservation tillages. Finally are given the general and administrative restructuring measures which must be undertaken for the management of soil resources in the examined area. The Government and its institutions have the duty to promote protection, conservation and improving programs and other types of programs that regard the careful use of soil sources, by providing the necessary funds for these and also by stating exactly their destination.
more abstractstudy; land; organization; cadastral; territory
Presentation: oral
DownloadSME’S ROLE IN THE ALBANIAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AND THEIR LEGAL FRAMEWORK BEHIND IT pag. 888-897
Orkida TotojaniSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have a crucial role in the transition process in every country. SMEs already make up the vast majority of private agricultural businesses operating in Albania and because of their size and adaptability are likely to be the main source of employment generation. Improving the agricultural business environment for SME development is a key objective of the rural policy framework in Albania. The Albanian authorities are increasing the support given to the agricultural SME sector, in recognition of the growing importance of SMEs to the national economy. The institutional responsibility for the rural policy formulation and the supporting of the SME development remains with the Ministry of Economy. Institutional set up seems to be simple and straightforward. However, the impression is that they lack capacities to do their work. Various reports find the work in most cases is organized in a spontaneous way; although there are developed organization charts, there are not clear lines of responsibilities within the organization structures, etc. Agricultural reform measure have largely contributed to strengthening the rural private sector development and supported the SME development. However, the progress is still behind the other competing countries from the region. The main challenges associated with the development of the agricultural private sector, in particular SMEs, remain the relatively poor investment climate and the level of corruption. Poor law enforcement, very weak corporate governance, both at the macro and at the enterprise levels, lack of management skills and poor infrastructure, constitute major impediments to the SME development. The legislation and the regulations influence the SME-s in a wide range of ways. They influence the process of the creation of a business which consists of the business registration and the provision of the respective license. Basically, after the year 2000, Albania has approved several laws to enable the proper functioning of businesses. The improvement of the business climate or the creation of its regulatory and institutional mechanisms has been one of the priorities of the Albanian government. The commercial legislation is one of the priority areas in the framework of the integration process. There is still much more to be done in the area of the financing of SME-s since the climate of micro-credits or long term credits is not too favorable. The findings are related to the fact that new SME-s encounter a lot of difficulties to receive a credit from the banking sector and there is a fairly high credit cost. The conditions required from the banks are not too favorable for the businesses and the interest rates are too high in cases when the credit is required for investments in machinery and equipment. On the other hand, identifying the financing and the development of SME-s as one of its priorities in application of the SAA obligations, the Albanian Government has approved several important laws in that framework.
more abstractsmall and medium enterprises; employment; legal framework; rural economy
Presentation: oral
DownloadASPECTS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF FOUNDATION SOILS CONCERNING THE DEPTH VIBROTHRUSTING pag. 898-904
Cristina Otilia Voicu, Monica Mirea, Carmen Aurelia PeptanThe paper presents the application of the technology of depth vibrothrusting improvement of the foundation ground for two high buildings: a Groundfloor+10 Floors tower type social-administrative building, placed in Timisoara, and a Basement+Groundfloor+9 Floors dwelling block, placed in Arad. The first researches and practical application of the experimental technology of depth vibrothrusting for low foundation grounds were realized at the former Roads and Foundation Department from the Politehnica University of Timisoara. The applied technology, the checking proceedinsg of the improvement quality and the behaviour in exploitation of the two presented buildings represent the novelty elements of the researches. The technology of depth vibrothrusting improvement of the foundation ground is very efficient in the case of the sandy loose grounds and sandy water saturated grounds. This technology consists of the introduction of equipment into the ground through vibration, on the width of the weak layer. The equipment consists of a rod and horizontal ribs, disposed in space. Because of the reduction of the friction, between the sand fragments (which can go up to 90%), these are rearranged in a settled state. The extraction of the equipment is resolved also by vibration, with a speed of 0,5 m / minute. Usually, the vibrothrusting equipment is placed in the corners of a grid consisting of equilateral triangles. For the two aforementioned buildings, the foundation grounds consists of partially saturated sand, which in a natural state falls into the category of grounds, which can be liquefied under seismic conditions. For the strengthening of the seismic protection of the other buildings, the depth compaction of the foundation ground was done through vibrothrusting. The verification of the compaction quality was done by dynamic cone penetration drilling, using the cone dynamic penetrometer. The very good behavior in exploitation of the two constructions underlines the efficiency of this method of strengthening the foundation ground. This method may be applied on special constructions from the agricultural domain, e.g. bunker, if the ground conditions mandate it.
more abstractvibrothrusting; vibrostinging; vibrogenerator; liquefying
Presentation: oral
DownloadAGRICULTURE IN MEZŐHEGYES (1989-2009) pag. 905-908
Brigitta ZsótérThe average area of land per holding was 20,6 ha in 2000, it is considered as a big area of land comparing to the county’s average (8,92 ha). However, I have to mention that the distribution of the lands was not even at all between the holdings, 71,7% was cultivated indipendently by the Állami Ménesbirtok Zrt of Mezőhegyes. 754 holdings tilled the soil in the remaining land. Thus, the area of land per holding was indeed 5,8 ha which does not show such a favourable situation. In the earlier times the land was even more fragmented. Between 1994 and 2000 the number of private holdings decreased by 54,9% in the settlement (while by 40,5% in the county). Technical development, production management with computers caused decrease and reduction in the labour force. Unemployment is an everyday phenomenon. In spite of these facts the sugar factory prospered economically in the examined some decades. The „Fémipari Szövetkezet” („Metal Industrial Co-operative”) was the second largest factory of Mezőhegyes after the sugar factory. The economic difficulties forced it to mobilize the working reserves. These changes determined the social mobility of the population. Furthermore a natural reduction in the birth rate characterized this period. Consequently, the change in the social sphere, the reduction in the number of population must have been caused by alterations in the economic sphere on one hand, and by the natural reduction on the other hand. The economic change affected the infrastructure, as well. The sugar-beet was transported especially by train, what is more transportation by train to the factory in Mezőhegyes was the most significant in the region. As the time went by transportation on roads became more and more important beside the railway. The sugar factory polluted the environment at a certain degree. This way the economic sphere changed the natural sphere, too. A Mezőhegyesi Ménesbirtok the adverse meteorological one - two exceptionally drought years -, and into an other economic crisis situation avoided often in the examined period because of relations, indebted, his liquidity was deteriorating. They saw the definitive solution in the privatization, which they accomplished in an one-turn procedure, on the road of an open application. A Ménesbirtok Rt. shares in 85,5% are property of Határhaszon Rt., 13% employee’s share and 1,5% ordinary share of Ménesbirtok Rt. The company may have known profitable financial years behind himself since the privatization.
more abstractnumber of resident population per 100 ha; number of farmsteads; the average land per farmstead; branches depending on each other; structure of the livestock
Presentation: oral
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